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WO2006060661A2 - Procedes et systemes de reglage independant de la vision dans des afficheurs a vues multiples - Google Patents

Procedes et systemes de reglage independant de la vision dans des afficheurs a vues multiples Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006060661A2
WO2006060661A2 PCT/US2005/043640 US2005043640W WO2006060661A2 WO 2006060661 A2 WO2006060661 A2 WO 2006060661A2 US 2005043640 W US2005043640 W US 2005043640W WO 2006060661 A2 WO2006060661 A2 WO 2006060661A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
image
tone scale
gain
applying
view
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2005/043640
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English (en)
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WO2006060661A3 (fr
Inventor
Louis Joseph Kerofsky
Original Assignee
Sharp Laboratories Of America
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US11/154,054 external-priority patent/US8913089B2/en
Priority claimed from US11/154,052 external-priority patent/US7800577B2/en
Priority claimed from US11/154,053 external-priority patent/US8922594B2/en
Priority claimed from US11/202,903 external-priority patent/US9083969B2/en
Application filed by Sharp Laboratories Of America filed Critical Sharp Laboratories Of America
Publication of WO2006060661A2 publication Critical patent/WO2006060661A2/fr
Publication of WO2006060661A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006060661A3/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/001—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes using specific devices not provided for in groups G09G3/02 - G09G3/36, e.g. using an intermediate record carrier such as a film slide; Projection systems; Display of non-alphanumerical information, solely or in combination with alphanumerical information, e.g. digital display on projected diapositive as background
    • G09G3/003—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes using specific devices not provided for in groups G09G3/02 - G09G3/36, e.g. using an intermediate record carrier such as a film slide; Projection systems; Display of non-alphanumerical information, solely or in combination with alphanumerical information, e.g. digital display on projected diapositive as background to produce spatial visual effects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/06—Adjustment of display parameters
    • G09G2320/0626—Adjustment of display parameters for control of overall brightness
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/06—Adjustment of display parameters
    • G09G2320/066—Adjustment of display parameters for control of contrast

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention comprise methods and systems for independently enhancing the brightness, contrast and other qualities of each view of a multiple- view display.
  • a typical display device displays an image using a fixed range of luminance levels.
  • the luminance range has 256 levels that are uniformly spaced from 0 to 255.
  • Image code values are generally assigned to match these levels directly.
  • LCDs liquid crystal displays
  • DMDs digital micro- mirror devices
  • LCDs liquid crystal displays
  • DMDs digital micro- mirror devices
  • a backlight is positioned behind a liquid crystal panel.
  • the backlight radiates light through the LC panel, which modulates the light to register an image. Both luminance and color can be modulated in color displays.
  • the individual LC pixels modulate the amount of light that is transmitted from the backlight and through the LC panel to the user's eyes or some other destination.
  • the destination may be a light sensor, such as a coupled-charge device (CCD).
  • CCD coupled-charge device
  • Some displays may also use light emitters to register an image.
  • These displays such as light emitting diode (LED) displays and plasma displays use picture elements that emit light rather than reflect light from another source.
  • LED light emitting diode
  • plasma displays use picture elements that emit light rather than reflect light from another source.
  • Some embodiments of the present invention comprise systems and methods for varying a light- valve-modulated pixel's luminance modulation level to vary the brightness of a displayed image independent of a light source (backlight) or to improve the image quality at a fixed light source illumination level.
  • Some embodiments of the present invention may also be used with displays that use light emitters to register an image. These displays, such as light emitting diode (LED) displays and plasma displays use picture elements that emit light rather than reflect light from another source. Embodiments of the present invention may be used to enhance the image produced by these devices. In these embodiments, the brightness of pixels may be adjusted to enhance the dynamic range of specific image frequency bands, luminance ranges and other image subdivisions.
  • LED light emitting diode
  • plasma displays use picture elements that emit light rather than reflect light from another source.
  • Embodiments of the present invention may be used to enhance the image produced by these devices. In these embodiments, the brightness of pixels may be adjusted to enhance the dynamic range of specific image frequency bands, luminance ranges and other image subdivisions.
  • Some embodiments of the present invention comprise dual- view or multiple- view displays that display multiple images on a single display. These displays display a different image depending on the orientation of the viewer to the display screen. In some embodiments, a viewer located to the right side of a display will perceive one image while a viewer located to the left side of the display will perceive a second image. Similarly, a display can be "split" vertically with a viewer located above the display perceiving an image different than one seen by a viewer located below the display. This is typically achieved by constructing groups or patterns of pixel light- valves that project light in a particular viewing direction or allow light to be projected through them in a particular viewing direction.
  • Some embodiments of the present invention comprise systems and methods for adjusting the perceived brightness of one image on a multiple- view display independent of the other views and independent of the light source (e.g., backlight).
  • a multiple- view display independent of the other views and independent of the light source (e.g., backlight).
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing prior art backlit LCD systems
  • Fig. 2 A is a chart showing the relationship between original image code values and boosted image code values
  • Fig. 2B is a chart showing the relationship between original image code values and boosted image code values with clipping
  • Fig. 3 is a chart showing the luminance level associated with code values for various code value modification schemes
  • Fig. 4 is a chart showing the relationship between original image code values and modified image code values according to various modification schemes
  • Fig. 5 is a diagram showing the generation of an exemplary tone scale adjustment model
  • Fig. 6 is a diagram showing an exemplary application of a tone scale adjustment model
  • Fig. 7 is a diagram showing the generation of an exemplary tone scale adjustment model and gain map
  • Fig. 8 is a chart showing an exemplary tone scale adjustment model
  • Fig. 9 is a chart showing an exemplary gain map
  • Fig. 10 is a flow chart showing an exemplary process wherein a tone scale adjustment model and gain map are applied to an image
  • Fig. 11 is a flow chart showing an exemplary process wherein a tone scale adjustment model is applied to one frequency band of an image and a gain map is applied to another frequency band of the image;
  • Fig. 12 is a chart showing tone scale adjustment model variations as the FTP changes
  • Fig. 13 is a chart showing the view of a prior art single- view display
  • Fig. 14 is a chart showing multiple views of a multiple- view display
  • Display devices using light valve modulators such as LC modulators and other modulators may be reflective, wherein light is radiated onto the front surface (facing a viewer) and reflected back toward the viewer after passing through the modulation panel layer.
  • Display devices may also be transmissive, wherein light is radiated onto the back of the modulation panel layer and allowed to pass through the modulation layer toward the viewer.
  • Some display devices may also be transflexive, a combination of reflective and transmissive, wherein light may pass through the modulation layer from back to front while light from another source is reflected after entering from the front of the modulation layer.
  • the elements in the modulation layer such as the individual LC elements, may control the perceived brightness of a pixel.
  • the light source may be a series of fluorescent tubes, an LED array or some other source.
  • the display is larger than a typical size of about 18"
  • the majority of the power consumption for the device is due to the light source.
  • a reduction in power consumption is important.
  • a reduction in power means a reduction in the light flux of the light source, and thus a reduction in the maximum brightness of the display.
  • g is a calibration gain
  • dark is the light valve's dark level
  • ambient is the light hitting the display from the room conditions.
  • the reduction in the light source level can be compensated by changing the light valve's modulation values; in particular, boosting them.
  • any light level less than (l-x%) can be reproduced exactly while any light level above (l-x%) cannot be reproduced without an additional light source or an increase in source intensity.
  • an image's brightness can be increased or decreased with a constant light source luminance level by adjusting the light valve modulation values.
  • the brightness of a single view can be adjusted by light valve modulation value adjustment.
  • FIG. 2A illustrates this adjustment.
  • the original display values correspond to points along line 12.
  • the display code values need to be boosted to allow the light valves to counteract the reduction in light source illumination.
  • These same light valve code values may be boosted to increase image brightness and/or contrast independent of the light source (backlight) level. These boosted values coincide with points along line 14.
  • this adjustment results in code values 18 higher than the display is capable of producing (e.g., 255 for an 8 bit display). Consequently, these values end up being clipped 20 as illustrated in Figure 2B. Images adjusted in this way may suffer from washed out highlights, an artificial look, and generally low quality.
  • code values below the clipping point 15 correspond to points along line 12.
  • input code value 230 in this exemplary embodiment will be displayed at a luminance level equal to the level produced with a full power light source while in a reduced source light illumination mode.
  • the sarnie" luminance is produced with a lower power resulting in power savings. If the set of code values of an image are confined to the range below the clipping point 15 the power savings mode can be operated transparently to the user.
  • the light source level is constant and the light valve values are boosted to increase brightness or other characteristics, clipping will occur for those values that are boosted above the maximum value acceptable to the light valve.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide an algorithm that can alter the LCD or light valve code values to provide increased brightness (or a lack of brightness reduction in power save mode) while reducing clipping artifacts that may occur at the high end of the luminance range.
  • Some embodiments of the present invention may eliminate the reduction in brightness associated with reducing display light source power by matching the image luminance displayed with low power to that displayed with full power for a significant range of values.
  • the reduction in source light or backlight power which divides the output luminance by a specific factor is compensated for by a boost in the image data by a reciprocal factor.
  • the images displayed under full power and reduced power may be identical because the division (for reduced light source illumination) and multiplication (for boosted code values) essentially cancel across a significant range.
  • Dynamic range limits may cause clipping artifacts whenever the multiplication (for code value boost) of the image data exceeds the maximum of the display.
  • Clipping artifacts caused by dynamic range constraints may be eliminated or reduced by rolling off the boost at the upper end of code values. This roll-off may start at a function transition point (FTP), above which the luminance is no longer matched to the original luminance or above which the boosted luminance function changes to a different function for the purpose of avoiding clipping artifacts.
  • FTP function transition point
  • the following steps may be executed to compensate for a light source illumination reduction or a virtual light source reduction (code value boost) for image enhancement:
  • a source light (backlight) reduction level is determined in terms of a percentage of luminance reduction; 2) A Function Transition Point (FTP) is determined at which a roll-off from matching reduced-power output to full-power output occurs or at which the boost function changes to avoid clipping artifacts;
  • FTP Function Transition Point
  • the primary advantage of these light-source-reduction compensation embodiments is that power savings can be achieved with only small changes to a narrow category of images. (Differences only occur above the FTP and consist of a reduction in peak brightness and some loss of bright detail). Image values below the FTP can be displayed in the power savings mode with the same luminance as the full power mode making these areas of an image indistinguishable from the full power mode.
  • the brightness of the image may be increased uniformly (if desired) over a wide range of values up to the FTP. Values above the FTP are typically boosted by an increasingly smaller amount as the values increase to the maximum, at which point no increase is achievable.
  • Some embodiments of the present invention may use a tone scale map that is dependent upon the power reduction or brightness boost and display gamma, and which is independent of image data. These embodiments may provide two advantages. Firstly, flicker artifacts which may arise due to processing frames differently do not arise, and, secondly, the algorithm may have a very low implementation complexity. In some embodiments, an offline tone scale design and on-line tone scale mapping may be used. Clipping in highlights may be controlled by the specification of the FTP and the function(s) used above the FTP. [0049] Some aspects of light-source-reduction compensation embodiments of the present invention may be described in relation to Figure 3. Figure 3 is a graph showing image code values plotted against luminance for several situations.
  • a first curve 32 may represent the original code values for a light source operating at 100% power.
  • a second curve 30, shown as a dash-dot curve represents the luminance of the original code values when the light source operates at 80% of full power.
  • a third curve 36 shown as a dashed curve, represents the luminance when code values are boosted to match the luminance provided at 100% light source illumination while the light source operates at 80% of full power.
  • a fourth curve 34 shown as a solid line, represents the boosted data, but with a roll- off curve to reduce the effects of clipping at the high end of the data.
  • the boosted curve 34 matches the luminance output 32 by the original 100% power display. Above 180, the boosted curve smoothly transitions to the maximum output allowed on the 80% display. This smoothness reduces clipping and quantization artifacts.
  • the tone scale function may be defined piecewise to match smoothly at the transition point given by the FTP 35. Below the FTP 35, the boosted tone scale function may be used. Above the FTP 35, a curve is fit smoothly to the end point of boosted tone scale curve at the FTP and fit to the end point 37 at the maximum code value [255]. In some embodiments, the slope of the curve may be matched to the slope of the boosted tone scale curve/line at the FTP 35.
  • an FTP value of 180 may correspond to a light source power reduction of 20%.
  • the tone scale curve may be defined by a linear relation with gain, g, below the Function Transition Point (FTP).
  • the gain may be determined by display gamma and brightness reduction ratio as follows:
  • the FTP value may be tuned by balancing highlight detail preservation with absolute brightness preservation.
  • the FTP can be determined by imposing the constraint that the slope be zero at the maximum point. This implies:
  • ToneScalej jOOS f (cv) (1 / x) Y • cv
  • the constants A, B, and C may be chosen to give a smooth fit at the FTP and so that the curve passes through the point [255,255]. Plots of these functions are shown in Figure 4.
  • Figure 4 is a plot of original code values vs. adjusted code values.
  • Original code values are shown as points along original data line 40, which shows a 1 : 1 relationship between adjusted and original values as these values are original (without adjustment).
  • these values may be boosted or adjusted to represent higher luminance levels (increased brightness).
  • a simple boost procedure according to the "tonescale boost” equation above may result in values along boost line 42 (dash-dot line). Since display of these values will result in clipping, as shown graphically at line 46 and mathematically in the "tonescale clipped” equation above, the adjustment may taper off from a function transition point 45 along curve 44 to the maximum value point 47.
  • this relationship may be described mathematically in the "tonescale corrected" equation above.
  • luminance values represented by the display with a light source operating at 100% power may be represented by the display with a light source operating at a lower power level. This is achieved through a boost of the tone scale, which essentially opens the light valves further to compensate for the loss of light source illumination.
  • the brightness of a displayed image can be adjusted by boosting or lowering the code values for that image.
  • a simple application of this boosting across the entire code value range results in clipping artifacts at the high end of the range.
  • the tone scale function may be rolled-off smoothly. This roll-off may be controlled by the FTP parameter. Large values of FTP give luminance ma ⁇ clies over' a WiSllnterVinMtmcrSase the visible quantization/clipping artifacts at the high end of code values.
  • Embodiments of the present invention may operate by adjusting code values.
  • a tone scale adjustment may be designed or calculated off-line, prior to image processing, or the adjustment may be designed or calculated on-line as the image is being processed. Regardless of the timing of the operation, the tone scale adjustment 56 may be designed or calculated based on at least one of a display gamma 50, an efficiency factor 52 and a Function Transition Point (FTP) 54. These factors may be processed in the tone scale design process 56 to produce a tone scale adjustment model 58.
  • the tone scale adjustment model may take the form of an algorithm, a look-up table (LUT) or some other model that may be applied to image data.
  • CM&the 58 may be applied to the image data.
  • the application of the adjustment model may be described with reference to Figure 6.
  • an image is input 62 and the tone scale adjustment model 58 is applied 64 to the image to adjust the image code values. This process results in an output image 66 that may be sent to a display.
  • Application 64 of the tone scale adjustment is typically an on-line process, but may be performed in advance of image display when conditions allow.
  • Some embodiments of the present invention comprise systems and methods for enhancing images (e.g., brightness and contrast enhancement) displayed on displays using light-emitting pixel modulators, such as LED displays, plasma displays and other types of displays. These same systems and methods may be used to enhance images displayed on displays using light- valve pixel modulators with light sources operating in full power mode or otherwise.
  • images e.g., brightness and contrast enhancement
  • light-emitting pixel modulators such as LED displays, plasma displays and other types of displays.
  • the original code values are boosted across a significant range of values.
  • This code value adjustment may be carried out as explained above for other embodiments, except that no actual light-source-illumination reduction occurs. Therefore, the image brightness is increased significantly over a wide range of code values.
  • code values for an original image are shown as points along curve 30. These values may be boosted or adjusted to values with a higher luminance level. These boosted values may be represented as points along curve 34, which extends from the zero point 33 to the maximum fidelity point 35 and then tapers off to the maximum value point 37.
  • Some embodiments of the present invention comprise an unsharp masking process.
  • the unsharp masking may use a spatially varying gain. This gain may be determined by the image value and the slope of the modified tone scale curve.
  • the use of a gain array enables matching the image contrast even when the image brightness cannot be duplicated due to limitations on the display power.
  • power savings can be achieved with only small changes on a narrow category of images. (Differences only occur above the FTP and consist of a reduction in peak brightness and some loss of bright detail). Image values below the FTP can be displayed in the power savings mode with the same luminance as the full power mode making these areas of an image indistinguishable from the full power mode. Other embodiments of the present invention improve this performance by reducing the loss of bright detail.
  • These embodiments may comprise spatially varying unsharp masking to preserve bright detail.
  • both an on-line and an off-line component may be used.
  • an off-line component may be extended by computing a gain map in addition to the Tone Scale function.
  • the gain map may specify an unsharp filter gain to apply based on an image value.
  • a gain map value may be determined using the slope of the Tone Scale function.
  • the gain map value at a particular point "P" may be calculated as the ratio of the slope of the Tone Scale function below the
  • a tone scale adjustment may be designed or calculated off-line, prior to image processing, or the adjustment may be designed or calculated on-line as the image is being processed. Regardless of the timing of the operation, the tone scale adjustment 76 may be designed or calculated based on at least one of a display gamma 70, an efficiency factor 72 and a Function Transition Point (FTP) 74.
  • FTP Function Transition Point
  • the tone scale adjustment model may take the form of an algorithm, a look-up table (LUT) or some other model that may be applied to image data as described in relation to other embodiments above.
  • a separate gain map 77 may also be computed 75. This gain map 77 may be applied to specific image subdivisions, such as frequency ranges. In some embodiments, the gain map may be applied to frequency-divided portions of an image. In some embodiments, the gain map may be applied to a high-pass image subdivision. It may also be applied to specific image frequency ranges or other image subdivisions.
  • a Function Transition Point (FTP) 84 is selected and a gain function is selected to provide a first gain relationship 82 for values below the FTP 84.
  • the first gain relationship may be a linear relationship, but other relationships and functions may be used to convert code values to enhanced code values.
  • a second gain relationship 86 may be used above the FTP 84.
  • This second gain relationship 86 may be a function that joins the FTP 84 with a maximum value point 88.
  • the second gain relationship 86 may match the value and slope of the first gain relationship 82 at the FTP 84 and pass through the maximum value point 88.
  • Other relationships, as described above in relation to other embodiments, and still other relationships may also serve as a second gain relationship 86.
  • a gain map 77 may be calculated in relation to the tone scale adjustment model, as shown in Figure 8.
  • An exemplary gain map 77 may be described in relation to Figure 9.
  • a gain map function relates to the tone scale adjustment model 78 as a function of the slope of the tone scale adjustment model.
  • the value of the gain map function at a specific code value is determined by the ratio of the slope of the tone scale adjustment model at any code value below the FTP to the slope of the tone scale adjustment model at that specific code value. In some embodiments, this relationship may be expressed mathematically in the following equation: ToneScaleSlope ⁇ Y)
  • the gain map function is equal to one below the FTP where the tone scale adjustment model results in a linear boost.
  • the gain map function increases quickly as the slope of the tone scale adjustment model tapers off. This sharp increase in the gain map function enhances the contrast of the image portions to which it is applied.
  • the exemplary tone scale adjustment factor illustrated in Figure 8 and the exemplary gain map function illustrated in Figure 9 were calculated using a display percentage (source light reduction) of 80%, a display gamma of 2.2 and a Function Transition Point of 180 for light-source-reduction compensation embodiments.
  • an unsharp masking operation may be applied following the application of the tone scale adjustment model, hi these embodiments, artifacts are reduced with the unsharp masking technique.
  • Some embodiments of the present invention may be described in relation to
  • an original image 102 is input and a tone scale adjustment model 103 is applied to the image.
  • the original image 102 is also used as input to a gain mapping process 105 which results in a gain map.
  • the tone scale adjusted image is then processed through a low pass filter 104 resulting in a low-pass adjusted image.
  • the low pass adjusted image is then subtracted 106 from the tone scale adjusted image to yield a high-pass adjusted image.
  • This high-pass adjusted image is then multiplied 107 by the appropriate value in the gain map to provide a gain-adjusted high-pass image which is then added 108 to the low-pass adjusted image, which has already been adjusted with the tone scale adjustment model.
  • This addition results in an output image 109 with increased brightness and improved high-frequency contrast.
  • a gain value is determined from the Gain map and the image value at that pixel or sub-pixel.
  • the original image 102 prior to application of the tone scale adjustment model, may be used to determine the Gain.
  • Each component of each pixel of the high-pass image may also be scaled by the corresponding gain value before being added back to the low pass image.
  • the unsharp masking operation may not modify the image values.
  • the contrast may be increased.
  • a Tone Scale Function may be applied to a low-pass band increasing the brightness of the image data to compensate for source-light luminance reduction on a low power setting or simply to increase the brightness of a displayed image.
  • a constant gain may be applied to a high-pass band preserving the image contrast even in areas where the mean absolute brightness is reduced due to the lower display power.
  • the Tone Scale Function and the constant gain may be determined off-line by creating a photometric match between the full power display of the original image and the low power display of the process image for source-light-illumination reduction applications.
  • the Tone Scale Function may also be determined off-line for brightness enhancement applications.
  • these constant-high-pass gain embodiments and the unsharp masking embodiments can be nearly indistinguishable in their performance.
  • These constant-high-pass gain embodiments have three main advantages compared to the unsharp masking embodiments: reduced noise sensitivity, ability to use larger FTPs and use of processing steps currently in the display system.
  • the unsharp masking embodiments may use a gain which is the inverse of the slope of the Tone Scale Curve. When the slope of this curve is small, this gain incurs a large amplifying noise. This noise amplification may also place a practical limit on the size of the FTP.
  • the second advantage is the ability to extend to arbitrary FTP values.
  • the third advantage comes from examining the placement of the algorithm within a system.
  • Both the constant-high-pass gain embodiments and the unsharp masking embodiments use frequency decomposition.
  • the constant-high-pass gain embodiments perform this operation first while some unsharp masking embodiments first apply a Tone Scale Function before the frequency decomposition. Some system processing such as de-contouring will perform frequency decomposition prior to the brightness preservation algorithm.
  • frequency decomposition can be used by some constant-high-pass embodiments thereby eliminating a conversion step while some unsharp masking 'embo'd ⁇ menTs mulHnvlrf me frequency decomposition, apply the Tone Scale Function and perform additional frequency decomposition.
  • Some embodiments of the present invention prevent the loss of contrast in high-end code values by splitting the image based on spatial frequency prior to application of the tone scale function.
  • the tone scale function with roll-off may be applied to the low pass (LP) component of the image. In light-source-illumination reduction compensation applications, this will provide an overall luminance match of the low pass image components.
  • the high pass (HP) component is uniformly boosted (constant gain). The frequency-decomposed signals may be recombined and clipped as needed. Detail is preserved since the high pass component is not passed through the roll- off of the tone scale function.
  • the smooth roll-off of the low pass tone scale function preserves head room for adding the boosted high pass contrast. Clipping that may occur in this final combination has not been found to reduce detail significantly.
  • Some embodiments of the present invention may be described with reference to Figure 11. These embodiments comprise frequency splitting or decomposition 111, low- pass tone scale mapping 112, constant high-pass gain or boost 116 and summation or recombination 115 of the enhanced image components.
  • an input image 110 is decomposed into spatial frequency bands 111.
  • this may be performed using a low-pass (LP) filter 111.
  • the frequency division is performed by computing the LP signal via a filter 111 and subtracting 113 the LP signal from the original to form a high-pass (HP) signal 118.
  • LP low-pass
  • HP high-pass
  • a spatial 5x5 rect filter may be used for this decomposition though another filter may be used.
  • the LP signal may then be processed by application of tone scale mapping as discussed for previously described embodiments. In an exemplary embodiment, this may be achieved with a Photometric matching LUT. In these embodiments, a higher value of FTP can be used compared to some previously described unsharp masking embodiments since most detail has already been extracted in filtering 111. Clipping should not generally be used since some head room should typically be preserved in which to add contrast. [0086] In some embodiments, the FTP may be determined automatically and may be set so that the slope of the Tone Scale Curve is zero at the upper limit. A series of tone scale functions. determined in this manner are illustrated in Figure 12. In these embodiments, the maximum value of FTP may be determined such that the tone scale function has slope zero at 255.
  • processing the HP signal 118 is independent of the choice of FTP used in processing the low pass signal.
  • the HP signal 118 is processed with a constant gain 116 which will preserve the contrast when the power/light-source illumination is reduced or when the image code values are otherwise boosted to improve brightness.
  • the formula for the HP signal gain 116 in terms of the full and reduced backlight powers (BL) and display gamma is given immediately below as a high pass gain equation.
  • the HP contrast boost is robust against noise since the gain is typically small (e.g. gain is 1.1 for 80% power reduction and gamma 2.2).
  • these frequency components may be summed 115 and, in some cases, clipped. Clipping may be necessary when the boosted HP value added to the LP value exceeds 255. This will typically only be relevant for bright signals with high contrast.
  • the LP signal is guaranteed not to exceed the upper limit by the tone scale LUT construction. The HP signal may cause clipping in the sum, but the negative values of the HP signal will never clip maintaining some contrast even when clipping does occur.
  • Some embodiments of the present invention may be used with multiple-view displays to enhance one view of the display independently of the other view.
  • a simple single-view display 134 illustrated in Figure 13, displays a single image to all viewers within its single, undivided viewing area 136.
  • a viewer 130 to the left side of the display sees the same image as a viewer 132 on the right side of the display.
  • the source light e.g., backlight
  • the source light can be used to control the brightness of the single view.
  • a multiple-view display 144 can display more than one view simultaneously.
  • two views are displayed simultaneously.
  • a left viewer 140 to the left side of the display can see a left-side image "A" from within a left-side viewing area 145, while, at the same time, a right-side viewer 142 can see a right-side image "B" from a right-side viewing area 146. It is important to note that both images "A” and "B” are displayed using the same light source. [ ⁇ d ' 9fj " ' " ' l”! Some ⁇ ult$li i; -ll'e : il !
  • tfisplays may comprise a backlight 150, an opaque mask or screen 152 and individually addressable pixel or sub-pixel elements 153-158.
  • the backlight 150 radiates light through the sub-pixel elements 153-158 to a viewer that perceives an image that is registered by the sub-pixel elements 153-158.
  • these multiple-view displays also comprise a mask or screen 152.
  • the mask or screen functions to restrict light passing through the sub-pixel elements 153-158 so that each sub-pixel can only be seen by a viewer in one of the viewing areas 160 & 163.
  • mask 152 A restricts light passing through green sub-pixel 154 such that the modulated light passing through it can only be seen by a viewer in right viewing area 163, which is bounded by lines 164 & 165.
  • mask 152 A restricts light from backlight 150 as it passes through sub-pixel element 156 such that the modulated light passing through sub-pixel 156 can only be seen by a viewer in left viewing area 160, which is bounded by lines 161 & 162.
  • This pattern is repeated for each sub-pixel on the display so that each pixel or sub-pixel is directed to one of the multiple- views of the display.
  • the addressing pattern is configured to avoid artifacts in the displayed images.
  • FIG. 16 Similar, multiple- view display embodiments are illustrated in Figure 16.
  • light from a light source 150 passes through a light channeling interface 170, which is constructed to directionally channel light through sub-pixels 153-158 toward a single viewing area for a single view.
  • a light channeling interface 170 which is constructed to directionally channel light through sub-pixels 153-158 toward a single viewing area for a single view.
  • “A" portions 170A of the light channeling interface are oriented and configured to channel light through sub-pixels 153, 155 & 157 toward viewing area A, 171.
  • Other portions 170B of the light channeling interface are oriented and configured to channel light through sub-pixels 154, 156 & 158 toward viewing area B, 172.
  • a light channeling interface may comprise any structure that is capable of channeling light in a specific direction. Some light channeling interfaces may comprise a parallax barrier, a refractive layer, a reflective array and other elements.
  • light-emitting pixels are used in the display to form an image.
  • these pixels may be Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs).
  • LEDs Light Emitting Diodes
  • the pixels may be oriented to emit light in the direction of a specific view.
  • the values assigned to pixels related to any view may be adjusted, as explained above, to change the brightness, contrast or other characteristics of the view image.
  • the amount of light emitted from a pixel is adjusted with the code value.
  • These embodiments may be used with other types of multiple- view displays with light-emitting pixels, such as plasma displays and others.
  • Multiple-view displays with light-emitting pixels may also use a parallax barrier on the outer surface of the pixel grid to direct the emitted light toward a particular view instead of or in addition to orienting pixels geometrically to direct their emitted light to a particular view.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal Display Device Control (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne, dans des modes de réalisation, des systèmes, des procédés et des dispositifs permettant d'augmenter de manière indépendante la brillance perçue, le contraste ou d'autres caractéristiques d'une vision sur un afficheur à vues multiples. Dans certains modes de réalisation, cette augmentation compense une diminution au niveau de l'éclairage de la source lumineuse d'affichage.
PCT/US2005/043640 2004-12-02 2005-12-02 Procedes et systemes de reglage independant de la vision dans des afficheurs a vues multiples WO2006060661A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (16)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US63277904P 2004-12-02 2004-12-02
US63277604P 2004-12-02 2004-12-02
US60/632,779 2004-12-02
US60/632,776 2004-12-02
US66004905P 2005-03-09 2005-03-09
US60/660,049 2005-03-09
US67074905P 2005-04-11 2005-04-11
US60/670,749 2005-04-11
US11/154,054 US8913089B2 (en) 2005-06-15 2005-06-15 Methods and systems for enhancing display characteristics with frequency-specific gain
US11/154,053 2005-06-15
US11/154,052 US7800577B2 (en) 2004-12-02 2005-06-15 Methods and systems for enhancing display characteristics
US11/154,052 2005-06-15
US11/154,053 US8922594B2 (en) 2005-06-15 2005-06-15 Methods and systems for enhancing display characteristics with high frequency contrast enhancement
US11/154,054 2005-06-15
US11/202,903 2005-08-12
US11/202,903 US9083969B2 (en) 2005-08-12 2005-08-12 Methods and systems for independent view adjustment in multiple-view displays

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WO2006060661A2 true WO2006060661A2 (fr) 2006-06-08
WO2006060661A3 WO2006060661A3 (fr) 2007-08-16

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JP3346843B2 (ja) * 1993-06-30 2002-11-18 株式会社東芝 液晶表示装置
JP3783425B2 (ja) * 1998-09-04 2006-06-07 三菱自動車工業株式会社 内燃機関の始動制御装置
JP3697997B2 (ja) * 2000-02-18 2005-09-21 ソニー株式会社 画像表示装置と階調補正データ作成方法
US6593934B1 (en) * 2000-11-16 2003-07-15 Industrial Technology Research Institute Automatic gamma correction system for displays

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