WO2006066730A1 - Procede pour produire des granules enzymatiques presentant une meilleure resistance a l'abrasion - Google Patents
Procede pour produire des granules enzymatiques presentant une meilleure resistance a l'abrasion Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006066730A1 WO2006066730A1 PCT/EP2005/013090 EP2005013090W WO2006066730A1 WO 2006066730 A1 WO2006066730 A1 WO 2006066730A1 EP 2005013090 W EP2005013090 W EP 2005013090W WO 2006066730 A1 WO2006066730 A1 WO 2006066730A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- granules
- preparation
- enzyme
- aqueous
- aqueous preparation
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 31
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 lactic acid Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 102000035195 Peptidases Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 102100032487 Beta-mannosidase Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000005575 Cellulases Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010084185 Cellulases Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940025131 amylases Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010055059 beta-Mannosidase Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical class OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019421 lipase Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011361 granulated particle Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 21
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229920002245 Dextrose equivalent Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920006163 vinyl copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 244000215068 Acacia senegal Species 0.000 description 2
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000010418 carrageenan Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000679 carrageenan Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001525 carrageenan Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229940113118 carrageenan Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000008504 concentrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 2
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-xanthene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000416162 Astragalus gummifer Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007319 Avena orientalis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000075850 Avena orientalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010020751 Hypersensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002774 Maltodextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004368 Modified starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000209056 Secale Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007238 Secale cereale Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001615 Tragacanth Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001514 alkali metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052936 alkali metal sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010633 broth Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007771 core particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004064 cosurfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011968 cross flow microfiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008121 dextrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960004903 invert sugar Drugs 0.000 description 1
- TWNIBLMWSKIRAT-VFUOTHLCSA-N levoglucosan Chemical group O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2CO[C@@H]1O2 TWNIBLMWSKIRAT-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037230 mobility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012643 polycondensation polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019624 protein content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940100486 rice starch Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005563 spheronization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010215 titanium dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010487 tragacanth Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000196 tragacanth Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940116362 tragacanth Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940100445 wheat starch Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000020985 whole grains Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011844 whole wheat flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/38—Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
- C11D3/386—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase
- C11D3/38672—Granulated or coated enzymes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of enzyme granules having improved abrasion resistance and to the enzyme granules thus obtainable and their use in detergents and / or cleaners.
- Industrially produced solids which are offered either as finished products or for further processing, are generally present in the form of powders, flakes or granules.
- the granules are characterized by a good debris and pourability and a high bulk density.
- the solids are preferably used in the form of granules in many industrial processes.
- An example of such processes is the production of detergents and cleaning agents in granulation systems, eg. As in fluidized beds, mixers, extruders, rollers or in a combination of these systems.
- the manufactured products which are produced either as detergent precursors or admixed components or as finished detergents and cleaners, are characterized by relatively high bulk densities in comparison to sprayed products and by a good debris and trickle. In addition, they have the advantage that their particle size distribution is adjusted so that the dust content is low.
- enzymes in solid or in liquid form for various technical purposes, especially in detergents and cleaners, is well established in the art.
- the enzymes in question are required in solid form, for example as granules or as a rounded extrudate.
- they are usually coated with protective layers.
- the protective layer serves essentially to prevent chemical reactions of the enzyme or with the enzyme, which is of crucial importance for long-term stability.
- the protective layer but also to the exclusion of direct skin contact, the avoidance of Lung abrasion, the increase in mechanical stability and the setting of a controlled release effect bill.
- the aesthetics of the particles, in particular the color, but also the odor can be improved via the protective layer.
- Protective layers for particulate detergent ingredients, in particular for enzyme particles are described in detail in the prior art. These include, for example, those in which the active ingredient is surrounded as a particle core of a simple protective layer.
- Protective compounds which are applied, for example, as a solution or as a melt for example, oily or waxy substances, usually water-soluble polymers, surfactants or plastics formed in situ by condensation polymerization, but also inorganic materials such as silicates (water glass) or kaolins are described.
- pigments can be incorporated, which improve the encapsulation effect or color serve; For example, minerals such as clays or white pigments such as CaCO 3, ZnO or TiO 2 are described for this purpose.
- the waxy substances such as polyethylene glycols (PEG) or polyvinyl alcohols (PVA) then additionally fulfill a binder function compared to the pigments.
- PEG polyethylene glycols
- PVA polyvinyl alcohols
- the enzyme component does not itself need to represent the substantial nucleus of the particle, but rather can be used in the form of a protein-salt mixture as a separate layer on an inert core, the so-called seed particle (seed Particle) are applied.
- seed Particle seed Particle
- starch, modified starch, carrageenan, gum arabic, guar gum, polyethylene oxide, polyvinylpyrrolidone or polyethylene glycol are used.
- a second layer of compounds such as polyvinyl alcohols (PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose derivatives, polyethylene glycols (PEG), polyethylene oxide, chitosan, gum arabic, xanthan and carrageenan can be applied to the enzyme layer to coat the seed particle or the enzyme-coated particle protect outside.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohols
- PEG polyethylene glycols
- chitosan chitosan
- gum arabic xanthan and carrageenan
- WO 03/055967 discloses an improved process for coating core particles with a salt layer.
- EP 804532 Bl coated enzyme granules wherein the enzyme granules have been obtained by coating an inert core and thereon applied a coating material consisting of a non-aqueous liquid or an aqueous emulsion thereof or an ointment-like mixture of such liquid or Emulsion having a melting between 30 and 90 ° C component.
- the protective layer should contain a coagulation-inhibiting agent such as silica fume, calcium phosphate, titanium dioxide, talc or starch, and cause low dust-induced dust particle number.
- the production of such particles is possible in any type of mixer or by spraying on the coating materials.
- one or more pre-coatings of the enzyme-containing particles can be carried out before the actual coating, preferably in a fluidized-bed reactor.
- the application WO 00/01793 A1 discloses a coating with a high moisture content. It consists of at least 60 wt .-% of a water-soluble substance having a molecular weight of less than 500, a certain pH and having a constant moisture content of more than 81% at 2O 0 C. This coating is applied as a solution and the solvent then distilled off. These water-soluble substances include inorganic salts such as sodium sulfate and citrate. The resulting particles may optionally be coated with additional layers, both under the high moisture content coating and above.
- Patent specification EP 610 321 B1 discloses multiple-coated enzyme granules having a low dust rate, good stability values and a delayed release behavior. These contain a core of a water-soluble or -dispersible agent, for example clays, inorganic salts or starches, which can be obtained and coated by various granulation techniques, for example fluidized bed reactors. Then, an enzyme layer, which also contains vinyl polymer or vinyl copolymer, is applied directly or optionally via an intermediate layer containing vinyl polymer or vinyl copolymer.
- a water-soluble or -dispersible agent for example clays, inorganic salts or starches
- this is outwardly - optionally via another intermediate layer, which in turn contains an enzyme-protecting compound (in particular a chlorine scavenger) - completed by a layer which also contains vinyl polymer or vinyl copolymer and optionally pigments and / or binders.
- an enzyme-protecting compound in particular a chlorine scavenger
- vinyl polymers in each case polyvinyl alcohols of different molecular weight, different degrees of hydrolysis or viscosities or mixtures of different polyvinyl alcohols are particularly preferred.
- the present invention thus relates to a process for the preparation of coated enzyme-containing granules, which is characterized in that applied to the granules particles with a urea-containing aqueous preparation and the water at least partially removed by drying.
- the preparation can be present as a solution of the urea in water or, if in addition to the water-soluble urea also sparingly water-soluble or water-insoluble additives, in particular pigments, are present as a corresponding suspension.
- the aqueous preparation to be applied to the enzyme granules for wrapping purposes preferably contains at least 2% by weight, in particular 20% by weight to 60% by weight and more preferably 30% by weight to 45% by weight, of urea.
- the aqueous preparation may contain all otherwise usual wrapping materials for detergent ingredient granules which do not interact undesirably with the enzyme and thus can be incorporated into the urea-containing aqueous preparation so as not to lose its flowability, pumpability and sprayability.
- the water content of the aqueous preparation is preferably in the range of 20 wt .-% to 60 wt .-%, in particular 30 wt .-% to 45 wt .-%.
- the aqueous preparation preferably contains polyethylene glycol as a further coating material, with polyethylene glycols having an average molecular weight of from 4,000 to 70,000, in particular from 8,000 to 20,000, for example about 12,000, being preferred. Their content is preferably 5 wt .-% to 40 wt .-%, in particular 10 wt .-% to 25 wt .-%, based on the total amount of non-aqueous constituents of the preparation. Among them, urea preferably accounts for from 30% to 70%, more preferably from 45% to 60%, by weight, based on the total amount of non-aqueous components of the composition.
- the wrapping material and thus the aqueous preparation may also contain customary additives coloring the finished granulate, in particular inorganic pigments and among these preferably titanium dioxide.
- Their content is preferably 3 wt .-% to 25 wt .-%, in particular 5 wt .-% to 15 wt .-%, based on the total amount of non-aqueous constituents of the preparation.
- the preparation may also contain stabilizers for the urea, among these in particular hydroxycarboxylic acids such as lactic acid. If present, they are preferably not more than 1% by weight, especially in an amount ranging from 0.01% by weight to 0.5% by weight, and preferably from 0.05% by weight to 0.1% by weight. %, based on the total amount of non-aqueous constituents of the preparation.
- stabilizers for the urea among these in particular hydroxycarboxylic acids such as lactic acid. If present, they are preferably not more than 1% by weight, especially in an amount ranging from 0.01% by weight to 0.5% by weight, and preferably from 0.05% by weight to 0.1% by weight. %, based on the total amount of non-aqueous constituents of the preparation.
- the aqueous preparation may also contain antioxidants and / or odor absorbers. If present, these are preferably present in an amount in the range of 0.5% to 50%, more preferably 3% to 30%, and more preferably 10% to 25% by weight, based on the total amount of non-aqueous components of the preparation.
- the surfactants and cosurfactants optionally present in the composition are preferably present in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 10%, more preferably from 0.2% to 5%, and more preferably from 0.3% to 1%, based on the total amount non-aqueous constituents of the preparation.
- the non-aqueous constituents of the preparation make up the coating layer of the coated enzyme granules obtainable by the process according to the invention, which, depending on the drying conditions, however, may also contain small amounts of water, but preferably not more than 5% by weight and in particular 0.01% by weight. Make up to 1% by weight of the coating layer.
- the aqueous preparation is brought to a fluidized bed of enzyme granules to be enveloped in a fluidized bed system via nozzles.
- the temperature of the fluidizing agent which is preferably 35 ° C to 50 0 C and and in particular at a granule temperature of not more than 42 ° C, the removal of the water can be achieved by drying in a simple manner.
- Further objects of the present invention are enzyme granules which can be obtained by the process according to the invention, as well as detergents and / or cleaning agents which contain such granules, and the use of such granules for the production of detergents and / or cleaning agents.
- the granules coated according to the invention have an improved abrasion resistance, which is particularly advantageous for the mentioned purpose.
- the detergents and cleaners are preferably particulate, although the enzyme granules according to the invention or coated according to the invention can, if desired, also be incorporated into liquid or pasty detergents or cleaners.
- Suitable enzymes are primarily those derived from microorganisms, such as bacteria or fungi, proteases, lipases, amylases, mannanases and / or cellulases, with proteases produced by Bacillus species, alone or in combination with the other enzymes, being preferred. They are obtained in a known manner by fermentation processes from suitable microorganisms, which are described, for example, in German Offenlegungsschriften DE 19 40 488, DE 2044 161, DE 21 01 803 and DE 21 21 397, US Pat. Nos. 3,632,957 and 4,264,738 and European Patent Application EP 006 638.
- the process according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously for the formulation of very active proteases, which are known, for example, from international patent application WO 91/2792, because their storage-stable incorporation into detergents and cleaners often presents problems and according to the invention the formation of undesired enzyme dusts is avoided.
- Enzymes are preferably present in the granules according to the invention or in accordance with the invention in amounts of from 0.5% by weight to 20% by weight.
- the protease activity is preferably Example, 150 000 protease units (PE, determined by the method described in Tenside 7 (1970), 125) to 350 000 PE, in particular 160 000 PE to 300 000 PE, per gram of enzyme granules.
- the enzyme granules to be coated can be prepared by any methods known for this purpose. In order to ensure the most uniform possible wrapping by the method according to the invention they should be as round as possible; Preferably, the form factor of the enzyme granules to be coated is more than 0.85.
- enzymes are brought into granule form with the aid of inert carrier materials.
- Suitable support materials for the enzyme are, in principle, all organic or inorganic powdery substances which do not destroy or deactivate the enzymes to be granulated, or tolerable, and are stable under granulation conditions.
- Such substances include, for example, starch, cornmeal, cellulose powder, alkali metal aluminosilicate, in particular zeolite, layered silicate, for example bentonite or smectite, and water-soluble inorganic or organic salts, for example alkali metal chloride, alkali metal sulfate, alkali metal carbonate, citrate or acetate, where sodium or potassium preferred alkali metals.
- a carrier material mixture is used which comprises water-swellable starch and optionally cereal flour, cellulose powder and / or alkali metal carbonate.
- the water-swellable starch is preferably maize, wheat and rice and potato starch or mixtures thereof, the use of maize and wheat starch being preferred.
- Swelling-capable starch is preferably present in the enzyme granules in amounts of from 20% by weight to 50% by weight, in particular from 25% by weight to 45% by weight.
- the cereal flour optionally contained is, in particular, a product which can be produced from wheat, rye, barley or oats or a mixture of these flours, whole-wheat flours being preferred. Under a wholemeal flour is understood that not fully ground flour that has been made from whole, unpeeled grains or at least predominantly consists of such a product, the remainder of fully ground flour or starch.
- wheat flour qualities such as Type 450 or Type 550, are preferably used.
- the use of flour products of the above-mentioned swellable starches leading crops is possible, if care is taken that the flours have been made from whole grains.
- the flour component of the aggregate mixture is known to achieve a substantial odor reduction of the enzyme preparation, which far exceeds the odor reduction by the incorporation of equal amounts of appropriate types of starch.
- Such cereal flour is preferably present in enzyme granules in amounts of up to 35% by weight, in particular from 15% by weight to 25% by weight.
- Enzyme granules may contain as further component of the support material preferably 1 wt .-% to 50 wt .-%, in particular 5 wt .-% to 25 wt .-%, based on total granules, of a Granulierangesniittelsystems containing alkali carboxymethylcellulose with degrees of substitution of 0 , 5 to 1 and polyethylene glycol and / or alkyl polyethoxylate.
- this granulation auxiliary system are preferably, in each case based on finished enzyme granules, 0.5 wt .-% to 5 wt .-% alkali carboxymethylcellulose with degrees of substitution of 0.5 to 1 and up to 3 wt .-% polyethylene glycol and / or alkyl polyethoxylate , wherein is particularly preferred if at least 0.5 wt .-%, in particular 0.8 wt .-% to 2 wt .-% polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight below 1000 and / or alkyl polyethoxylate with at least 7 ethoxy groups is present, if more contained as 2 wt .-% alkali carboxymethyl cellulose. Higher substituted carboxymethylcellulose, with degrees of substitution up to 3, is preferably not included in the granulation aid system.
- Phosphated starch is understood to mean a starch derivative in which hydroxyl groups of the starch anhydroglucose units are replaced by the group -O-P (O) (OH) 2 or its water-soluble salts, in particular alkali metal salts, such as sodium and / or potassium salts.
- degree of phosphating of the starch is meant the number of esterified oxygen atom carrying one phosphate group per saccharide monomer averaged over all saccharide units.
- the average degree of phosphating in preferably used phosphated starches is in the range of 1.5 to 2.5, since much smaller amounts are required, especially when using them, in order to achieve a certain granule strength than when using carboxymethylcellulose.
- partially hydrolysed starches are understood to mean oligomers or polymers of carbohydrates which are prepared by customary, for example acid or enzyme-catalyzed processes are accessible by partial hydrolysis of starch.
- Preference is given to polysaccharides having a dextrose equivalent (DE) in the range from 0.5 to 40, in particular from 2 to 30, DE being a customary measure of the reducing effect of a polysaccharide compared to dextrose which has a DE of 100.
- DE dextrose equivalent
- maltodextrins DE 3 - 20
- dry glucose syrups DE 20 - 37
- so-called yellow dextrins and white dextrins with higher mean mobilities in the range of approximately 2,000 to 30,000 are useful.
- Contents of enzyme granules to be coated are 0.1 wt .-% to 20 wt .-%, in particular 0.5 wt .-% to 15 wt .-% phosphated starch is preferred.
- additional cellulose or starch ethers such as carboxyethyl starch, methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose and corresponding cellulose mixed ethers, gelatin, casein, tragacanth, Maltodextrose, sucrose, invert sugar, glucose syrup or other water-soluble or readily dispersible oligomers as additional constituents of Granulierysffensystems or polymers of natural or synthetic origin.
- Useful synthetic water-soluble polymers are polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid or vinyl group-containing compounds, furthermore polyvinyl alcohol, partially saponified polyvinyl acetate and polyvinylpyrrolidone.
- the abovementioned compounds are those having free carboxyl groups, they are normally present in the form of their alkali metal salts, in particular their sodium salts.
- Such additional granulation aids may optionally be present in the enzyme granules in amounts of up to 10% by weight, in particular from 0.5% by weight to 8% by weight.
- higher molecular weight polyethylene glycols ie those having an average molecular weight above 1000, are useful as synthetic water-soluble polymers with dust-binding effect, but the higher molecular weight polyethylene glycols cause an undesirable increase in the required granule dissolution time, so that these substances in the enzyme granules according to the invention or inventively produced preferably completely absence.
- microfiltration is preferably as a cross-flow microfiltration under Use porous tubes with micropores greater than 0.1 microns, flow rates of the concentrate solution of more than 2 m / s and a pressure difference to the permeate side of less than 5 bar, as described for example in European Patent Application EP 200,032.
- the microfiltration permeate is preferably concentrated by ultrafiltration, optionally followed by vacuum evaporation.
- the concentration may, as described in international patent application WO 92/11347, be conducted in such a way that only relatively low contents of dry substance of preferably 5% by weight to 50% by weight, in particular 10% by weight, are obtained. reaches 40 wt .-%.
- the concentrate may then be added to a suitably previously prepared dry, powdery to granular mixture of the above-described additives.
- the water content of the mixture should be chosen so that it can be converted into granular, non-sticking at room temperature particles when working with stirring and striking tools and plastically deform and apply at higher pressures.
- the free-flowing premix can then be processed in a manner known in principle in a kneader and a connected extruder to a plastic, homogeneous as possible mass, as a result of mechanical processing, the mass to temperatures between 40 0 C and 60 ° C, in particular 45 ° C can heat up to 55 ° C.
- the material leaving the extruder is passed through a perforated disc with subsequent doctor blade and thereby comminuted to form cylindrical particles of defined size.
- the diameter of the holes in the perforated disc is 0.7 mm to 1.2 mm, preferably 0.8 mm to 1.0 mm.
- the particles present in this form are coated with the coating system according to the invention.
- a device which consists of a cylindrical container with stationary, solid side walls and a base plate rotatably mounted friction plate.
- any dust-like fractions with a grain size of less than 0.1 mm, in particular less than 0.4 mm and any coarse fractions with a grain size of more than 2 mm in particular be removed over 1.6 mm by screening or air classification and optionally returned to the manufacturing process.
- the beads are continuously or batchwise, preferably using a fluidized bed dryer, at supply air temperatures of preferably 35 ° C to 50 ° C and in particular at a product temperature of not more than 42 ° C to the desired residual moisture content of, for example, 4 wt .-% to 10 wt .-%, in particular 5 wt .-% to 8 wt .-%, based on total granules, dried, if they previously had higher water contents.
- a fluidized bed dryer at supply air temperatures of preferably 35 ° C to 50 ° C and in particular at a product temperature of not more than 42 ° C to the desired residual moisture content of, for example, 4 wt .-% to 10 wt .-%, in particular 5 wt .-% to 8 wt .-%, based on total granules, dried, if they previously had higher water contents.
- the process according to the invention is carried out by applying the urea-containing aqueous preparation to the granulate particles.
- the granules obtained by the process according to the invention consist of largely rounded, uniformly coated and dust-free particles, which generally have a bulk density of about 500 to 800 grams per liter, in particular 600 to 700 grams per liter.
- the granules of the invention are characterized by a very high storage stability, especially at temperatures above room temperature and high humidity, and a rapid and complete solution behavior in the wash liquor.
- the granules according to the invention preferably release 100% of their enzyme activity in water at 25 ° C. within 3 minutes, in particular within 90 seconds to 2 minutes.
- the enzyme granulate according to the invention or produced by the process according to the invention is preferably used for the production of solid, in particular particulate detergents or cleaners, which can be obtained by simply mixing the enzyme granules with further powder components customary in such agents.
- the enzyme granules preferably have average particle sizes in the range from 0.7 mm to 1.2 mm.
- the granules coated according to the invention preferably contain less than 2% by weight, in particular at most 1.4% by weight of particles with grain sizes outside the range of 0.4 mm to 1.6 mm. The method is not limited to these particle sizes, but covers a grain size spectrum d 50 from 0.1 mm to over 2 mm.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102004062326.0 | 2004-12-20 | ||
DE200410062326 DE102004062326A1 (de) | 2004-12-20 | 2004-12-20 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Enzymgranulaten mit verbesserter Abriebfestigkeit |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2006066730A1 true WO2006066730A1 (fr) | 2006-06-29 |
Family
ID=35645781
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2005/013090 WO2006066730A1 (fr) | 2004-12-20 | 2005-12-07 | Procede pour produire des granules enzymatiques presentant une meilleure resistance a l'abrasion |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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DE (1) | DE102004062326A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2006066730A1 (fr) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3324038A (en) * | 1964-04-17 | 1967-06-06 | Procter & Gamble | Detergent composition |
US4009076A (en) * | 1972-11-03 | 1977-02-22 | Lever Brothers Company | Enzyme granules |
WO1991017235A1 (fr) * | 1990-05-04 | 1991-11-14 | Genencor International, Inc. | Granules contenant a la fois une enzyme et un agent protecteur d'enzyme, et compositions de detergent contenant lesdits granules |
WO2004082564A2 (fr) * | 2003-03-18 | 2004-09-30 | Novozymes A/S | Granules enzymatiques revetus |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AR006643A1 (es) * | 1996-04-12 | 1999-09-08 | Novozymes As | Granulos con contenido enzimatico, un proceso para su preparacion, una composicion detergente que los comprende y el uso de los mismos. |
-
2004
- 2004-12-20 DE DE200410062326 patent/DE102004062326A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2005
- 2005-12-07 WO PCT/EP2005/013090 patent/WO2006066730A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3324038A (en) * | 1964-04-17 | 1967-06-06 | Procter & Gamble | Detergent composition |
US4009076A (en) * | 1972-11-03 | 1977-02-22 | Lever Brothers Company | Enzyme granules |
WO1991017235A1 (fr) * | 1990-05-04 | 1991-11-14 | Genencor International, Inc. | Granules contenant a la fois une enzyme et un agent protecteur d'enzyme, et compositions de detergent contenant lesdits granules |
WO2004082564A2 (fr) * | 2003-03-18 | 2004-09-30 | Novozymes A/S | Granules enzymatiques revetus |
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DE102004062326A1 (de) | 2006-07-06 |
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