[go: up one dir, main page]

WO2006002037A2 - Utilisation optimale de reformeurs de combustible pour la regeneration de filtres a particules et de pieges a nox - Google Patents

Utilisation optimale de reformeurs de combustible pour la regeneration de filtres a particules et de pieges a nox Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2006002037A2
WO2006002037A2 PCT/US2005/020888 US2005020888W WO2006002037A2 WO 2006002037 A2 WO2006002037 A2 WO 2006002037A2 US 2005020888 W US2005020888 W US 2005020888W WO 2006002037 A2 WO2006002037 A2 WO 2006002037A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
control apparatus
pollution control
regeneration
aftertreatment unit
exhaust
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2005/020888
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2006002037A3 (fr
Inventor
Leslie Bromberg
Daniel R. Cohn
Kamal Hadidi
John B. Heywood
Alexander Rabinovich
Victor W. Wong
Original Assignee
Massachusetts Institute Of Technology
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Massachusetts Institute Of Technology filed Critical Massachusetts Institute Of Technology
Publication of WO2006002037A2 publication Critical patent/WO2006002037A2/fr
Publication of WO2006002037A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006002037A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
    • F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
    • F01N13/011—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
    • F01N13/017—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/0205—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/0233—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles periodically cleaning filter by blowing a gas through the filter in a direction opposite to exhaust flow, e.g. exposing filter to engine air intake
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F01N3/0253—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F01N3/0253—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
    • F01N3/0256—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases the fuel being ignited by electrical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/031—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters having means for by-passing filters, e.g. when clogged or during cold engine start
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/085—Sulfur or sulfur oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0871—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents using means for controlling, e.g. purging, the absorbents or adsorbents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/101—Three-way catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/30—Arrangements for supply of additional air
    • F01N3/306—Preheating additional air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/36—Arrangements for supply of additional fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N9/005—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus using models instead of sensors to determine operating characteristics of exhaust systems, e.g. calculating catalyst temperature instead of measuring it directly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/02—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/28—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a plasma reactor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/30—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a fuel reformer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2290/00—Movable parts or members in exhaust systems for other than for control purposes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2290/00—Movable parts or members in exhaust systems for other than for control purposes
    • F01N2290/08—Movable parts or members in exhaust systems for other than for control purposes with oscillating or vibrating movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/10—Fibrous material, e.g. mineral or metallic wool
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/12—Metallic wire mesh fabric or knitting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2410/00—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
    • F01N2410/04—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device during regeneration period, e.g. of particle filter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2410/00—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
    • F01N2410/14—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device in case of excessive pressure, e.g. using a safety valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
    • F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
    • F01N2510/065—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction for reducing soot ignition temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/07—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas flow rate or velocity meter or sensor, intake flow meters only when exclusively used to determine exhaust gas parameters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/04—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • F01N3/0226—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being fibrous
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0821—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with particulate filter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/30—Arrangements for supply of additional air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N9/002—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus of filter regeneration
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Definitions

  • Diesel engines have several advantages over other types of internal combustion engines such as durability, high efficiency, and low hydrocarbon and CO emissions.
  • diesel engines have high emissions of NOx and particulates.
  • Concerns about the adverse air quality effects of NOx and particulates have resulted in a United States requirement for large reductions of these pollutants by 2010. Recently there has also been the additional concern about the possibility that soot emission contributes significantly to global warming.
  • Diesel particulate filter (DPF) technology has been developed to control particulates.
  • Diesel particulate filters trap soot but require periodic regeneration to purge the filters thus to allow them to continue to trap soot without building up an unacceptable back pressure on the engine exhaust. It is deemed unlikely that passive means of regeneration can be robust enough over wide ranges of vehicle operation to be effective. Therefore, active means of regeneration are being considered. Active regeneration techniques are based on increasing the temperature of the DPF sufficient to burn the soot with free oxygen present in engine exhaust. For example, the increased temperature can be provided by a fuel burner that temporarily increases the temperature of the exhaust impinging on the filter. Different trap systems require different temperatures for effective regenerations; catalysts can be used to reduce the required temperature. For either a catalytic or non-catalytic system to work, however, it is necessary to generate a self-supporting burn in the filter.
  • Fuel burners for regeneration in addition to increasing exhaust temperature, should have the following capabilities: independent control of the regeneration initiation; ability to control regeneration rates; ability to reduce filter material cost through its ability to control regeneration rate; and ability to control exhaust chemistry through controlling the relative air/fuel ratio. See, Khair, M., A Review of Diesel Particulate Filter Technologies, SAE 2003-01-2303. It is difficult to meet all of these requirements.
  • Use of hydrogen rich gas from fuel reformers can provide important improvements in capability to meet them.
  • the generation of hydrogen rich gas from fuel reformers has been disclosed in, for example, U.S. Patent No. 6,322,757, Low Power Compact plasma Fuel Converter, by D. R. Cohn et al.
  • Fuel reformers such as the plasmatron fuel reformer disclosed in this patent have the capability of operating at a wide range of oxygen-to-carbon (O/C) ratios, from stoichiometric partial oxidation (with an oxygen-to-carbon ratio of 1), to full combustion.
  • O/C oxygen-to-carbon
  • the use of fuel reformers to regenerate NOx and particulate traps is described in US patents 6,560,958 Emission Abatement System by Bromberg et al, and US patent 6,718,753 Emission Abatement System Utilizing Particulate Traps by Bromberg et al.
  • An object of the present invention is the optimum use of fuel reformers, in particular plasmatron fuel reformers, to regenerate exhaust aftertreatment systems such as diesel particulate filters and NOx traps.
  • the pollution control apparatus includes an exhaust aftertreatment unit fitted to the exhaust of an internal combustion engine and a fuel reformer providing hydrogen rich gas to the aftertreatment unit to regenerate the aftertreatment unit.
  • a preferred fuel reformer is a plasmatron reformer.
  • the exhaust aftertreatment unit may be a particulate filter, an NOx trap or the combination of a particulate filter and an NOx trap.
  • the internal combustion engine is a diesel engine. Atty. Dkt. No. 0492612-0368 (MIT10664 PCT)
  • the fuel reformer be operated at an oxygen-to-carbon atomic ratio between 1 and complete combustion. It is preferred that the flow rate of fuel into the fuel reformer be varied during regeneration. The oxygen-to-carbon ratio of reagents entering the fuel reformer may also vary during regeneration.
  • the hydrogen rich gas is provided to only a portion of the aftertreatment unit at any time.
  • movable vanes are provided to localize the hydrogen rich gas to the portion of the aftertreatment unit being regenerated. The vanes may be located upstream or downstream of the aftertreatment unit.
  • multiple injection ports are provided for introducing the hydrogen rich gas to localize the hydrogen rich gas to the portion being regenerated.
  • Flow monitoring apparatus may be provided to determine the timing and/or duration of regeneration at a given portion of the aftertreatment unit.
  • Suitable flow monitoring apparatus includes flow meters and pressure transducers. Valves may be provided to control the timing and/or duration of regeneration at a given portion of the aftertreatment unit.
  • the aftertreatment unit comprises a carousel containing a plurality of particulate filter cartridges or NOx trap cartridges.
  • at least one of the particulate filter cartridges or NOx trap cartridges receives the hydrogen rich gas for regeneration and at the same time at least another cartridge receives the engine exhaust.
  • the hydrogen rich gas mixes with exhaust gas upstream of the particulate filter whereby particulates combust with free oxygen in the exhaust gas.
  • hydrogen rich gas does not mix with the exhaust gas upstream of a NOx trap whereby a reducing environment required for regeneration is provided with a minimum fuel penalty, while the engine is operating in a lean mode (with excess oxygen).
  • exhaust gas instead of air is introduced into the fuel reformer to provide a source of oxygen.
  • a heat exchanger is provided to transfer heat from the exhaust gas to the fuel reformer.
  • Figs. Ia and Ib are schematic illustrations of embodiments of the invention utilizing exhaust gas as an oxidant for the fuel reformer.
  • Fig. Ia is an embodiment wherein the exhaust gas input to the reformer comes from upstream of the aftertreatment unit.
  • Fig. Ib is an embodiment wherein the exhaust gas input to the reformer comes from downstream from the aftertreatment unit.
  • Fig. 2 is schematic illustration of an embodiment of the invention that does not use exhaust from the engine as an oxidant for the fuel reformer.
  • Figs. 3a and 3b are schematic illustrations of embodiments of the invention using multiple hydrogen rich gas injection points.
  • Fig. 3a is an embodiment with coflow, without valving.
  • Fig 3b is an embodiment with backflow and valving.
  • FIG. 4a and 4b are schematic illustrations of embodiments of the invention using (a) flow meters to control regeneration and (b) with sensors to control end of regeneration.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the invention including a heat exchanger to preheat air and fuel before entry into a plasmatron fuel reformer.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the invention having a plasmatron fuel converter placed in a side-stream of exhaust gas.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the invention in which a plasmatron fuel converter is located in line with the exhaust gas.
  • Fig. 8a is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the invention in which exhaust gas mixes with hydrogen rich gas upstream from the aftertreatment unit.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the invention including a heat exchanger to preheat air and fuel before entry into a plasmatron fuel reformer.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the invention having a plasmatron fuel converter placed in a side-stream
  • FIG. 8b is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the invention without mixing of exhaust gas with hydrogen rich gas upstream from the aftertreatment unit.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the invention in which a plasmatron fuel reformer is located inside an exhaust system.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the invention with filter cartridges mounted on a carousel.
  • Figs. 1 Ia and 1 I b are schematic diagrams of axially partitioned aftertreatment systems. Atty. Dkt. No. 0492612-0368 (MIT10664 PCT)
  • Hydrogen rich gas is an attractive fuel for regenerating a diesel particulate filter because hydrogen rich gas has a wide flammability range and low ignition energy thereby facilitating reliable combustion in the dilute environment of an exhaust gas stream.
  • a fuel reformer such as a plasmatron fuel reformer converts onboard fuel such as diesel fuel into hydrogen rich gas.
  • the output of such a fuel reformer includes hydrogen, carbon monoxide, nitrogen and other light hydrocarbons in addition to water and carbon dioxide at high temperatures.
  • the size of the fuel reformer can be minimized by using a system that regenerates only a fraction of the diesel particulate filter at any one time.
  • the regeneration of the diesel particulate filter can be controlled by changing the O/C ratio of the fuel reformer and the flow rate.
  • a back flow configuration the sulfur regenerated from the trap will not contaminate the NO x trap.
  • the oxidant may be free oxygen present in engine exhaust as shown in Fig. Ia (instead of using a backflow approach).
  • exhaust 10 from an engine passes through a diesel particulate filter 12 in an exhaust aftertreatment unit 14.
  • Part of the exhaust 10 is introduced into a plasmatron fuel reformer 16 along with fuel 18.
  • the plasmatron fuel reformer 16 generates hydrogen rich gas 20 that is directed onto a portion of the diesel particulate filter 12 by a movable vane 22. As the movable vane 22 moves, the hydrogen rich gas regenerates different portions of the diesel particulate filter 12.
  • Fig. Ib shows the use of clean exhaust 11 (from downstream from the aftertreatment unit) as the oxidizer for the reformer 16. If the engine whose exhaust is being treated is operated at stoichiometric or nearly stoichiometric combustion there will not be sufficient free oxygen to serve as an oxidant for the plasmatron fuel reformer 16. In this case, as shown in Fig. 2, air 24 is introduced into the plasmatron fuel reformer 16 to provide the requisite oxidant. In the regeneration process illustrated in Figs. Ia, Ib and 2 the vane 22 is stationary while a given portion of the DPF is being regenerated. The vanes move to regenerate a different section of the filter. It is contemplated that the vanes may rotate in the same direction or oscillate.
  • the vane will move away from the diesel particulate filter in order that the exhaust is exposed to the entire cross-sectional area of the filter. In this way it is possible to minimize the size of the diesel particulate filter for those cases when the time between regeneration is longer than a regeneration time. This situation is the case when regenerating diesel particulate filters.
  • the hydrogen rich gas 20 is preferentially introduced at a location upstream of, but proximate to, the diesel particulate filter 12 in such a way that the hydrogen rich gas goes through a fractional section of the DPF 12.
  • This preferential introduction can be accomplished with a single point of injection that moves with respect to the diesel particulate filter 12 or it could be performed by using multiple, stationary points of injection. This latter embodiment as shown in Fig. 3a.
  • a set of tubes 30 controlled by valves 32 introduce hydrogen rich gas 20 at multiple injection points as shown in the figure. Atty. Dkt. No. 0492612-0368 (MIT10664 PCT)
  • Figs. Ia, Ib and 2 Both the use of a moving single injection point illustrated in Figs. Ia, Ib and 2 or multiple injection points shown in Fig. 3a are special cases of non-uniform distribution of fuel in the exhaust upstream from the diesel particulate filter 12. It is intended that any means of regenerating the diesel particulate filter 12 forms a part of this disclosure as will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • Fig. 3b shows a backflow configuration for the regeneration of the aftertreatment unit. A valve 31 is shut-off during regeneration, while the other valves 33 remain open.
  • the fuel reformer 16 can operate with fresh air as the oxidant or it can use the free oxygen present in the exhaust (either upstream or downstream from the aftertreatment unit) of engines that operate lean such as diesel engines and lean- operated spark ignition engines.
  • the diesel particulate filter 12 could be a single block or comprise multiple blocks.
  • a preferred fuel reformer is a plasmatron fuel reformer since such reformers have been shown to effectively, rapidly and robustly convert even hard to reform fuel such as diesel without the production of soot.
  • flow meters 40 monitor flow through the diesel particulate filter 12.
  • the flow meters 40 may be an anemometer, measuring gas speed.
  • Fig. 4b is an embodiment including sensors 41 to control the end point of regeneration.
  • the sensors in Fig. 4b could also be used for controlling regeneration.
  • Temperature sensors could indicate a temperature of the aftertreatment device outside of the preferred operating regime, and appropriate changes can be undertaken by the fuel reformer to adjust the temperature.
  • heat from an engine 50 may pass through a heat exchanger 52 to preheat the air and fuel before entering the plasmatron fuel reformer 16. The use of the heat exchanger 52 will decrease the amount of fuel required to raise the temperature of particulates in the emission control device 54.
  • a preferred fuel reformer is a plasmatron fuel reformer. It is possible to operate either with or without additional air.
  • Fig. 6 shows the plasmatron fuel reformer 16 located in a side stream of the exhaust gas. The figure shows that additional air may be injected into the plasmatron fuel reformer 16 if desired. It is contemplated to operate the system illustrated in Fig. 6 with a fraction of the exhaust gas flowing continuously through the plasmatron fuel converter or it could be valved. Atty. Dkt. No. 0492612-0368 (MIT10664 PCT)
  • the plasmatron fuel reformer 16 is located in-line with the exhaust gas stream from the engine 50.
  • the plasmatron fuel converter 16 may operate with either a fraction of the flow, as is the case of the side stream location, or it could operate with the full exhaust.
  • the amount of fuel is determined by the desired result. If only a thermal response is desired, it is possible to decrease the fuel flow rate, with a constant gas flow rate through the plasmatron fuel reformer, thereby operating with free oxygen-to-carbon ratios substantially greater than 1 and even below air/fuel ratios needed for combustion.
  • the use of the plasmatron fuel converter 16 is to operate as an ignition device, igniting a mixture that otherwise would be difficult to burn.
  • the temperature of the NO x trap may exceed design limitations.
  • the exhaust from the fuel reformer be mixed with exhaust gas upstream from a DPF as shown in Fig. 8a.
  • the exhaust gas 10 mixes with the output of the reformate injector 56.
  • the reformer can be combined with air at the exhaust of the reformer. This air can be obtained from the main air input into the reformer. This air will partially cool the reformate, and it will provide the oxygen required for the burning of the Atty. Dkt. No. 0492612-0368 (MIT10664 PCT)
  • non-uniform regeneration of a NO x trap has the advantage of minimizing the fuel penalty for a system with a single leg in which regeneration takes place in-line.
  • the fuel penalty can be substantially decreased.
  • This technique is equivalent to that of multiple legs for regeneration without the complexity of having multiple legs, and in some cases, such as shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3a and 4, could be done without valving.
  • Fig. 8b shows the reformate injector 56 not mixing with the exhaust gases 10.
  • the use of a fuel reformer with varying composition and flow rates will also be advantageous.
  • the use of a fuel reformer operating at varying values of O/C is advantageous in that the temperature of the reformate can be traded off against the hydrogen content.
  • the temperature is lower and the hydrogen concentration is higher while at higher O/C, the temperature is higher but the hydrogen concentration is lower. It has been demonstrated that the regeneration temperature substantially affects the amount of hydrogen that is required for regeneration with higher temperatures (up to a point) requiring reduced hydrogen.
  • a fuel reformer capable of operating dynamically over a wide range of O/C ratios is advantageous for the regeneration OfNO x traps (either uniformly or non-uniformly). Atty. Dkt. No. 0492612-0368 (MIT10664 PCT)
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an exhaust aftertreatment system in which the plasmatron fuel reformer 16 is located inside an exhaust system and is used to regenerate the exhaust control device 54.
  • the moving vane 22 is downstream from the diesel particulate filter 12.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in Fig. 10.
  • the plasmatron fuel reformer 16 is static and connected to a carousel 60 that has two or more emission control devices 54 arranged as cartridges within the carousel 60.
  • the emission control device 54 may be a diesel particulate filter or a NO x trap.
  • the carousel 60 rotates about an axis 62 presenting one filter cartridge 54 in front of engine exhaust 10 and another cartridge to be regenerated in front of the plasma fuel reformer 16.
  • a pressure sensor (not shown) in the exhaust channel and/or a flow monitor in the exhaust of the cartridge 54 that is being used for filtration will determine when the carousel 60 will need to rotate so as to put a regenerated cartridge in front of the exhaust 10 and the used cartridge in front of the plasma fuel reformer 16 to be regenerated.
  • the approach of a carousel with multiple cartridges will significantly reduce the size of the plasmatron fuel reformer needed in this application.
  • the carousel 60 can be rotated by several means including pneumatic and electric actuators.
  • the carousel 60 can also be rotated by an over pressure due to filter clogging.
  • a NOx sensor or other sensors to determine the end of the regeneration process are used instead. NOx sensors are relatively expensive.
  • An alternative to the use of a NOx sensor is to use a hydrogen, or CO, sensor downstream from the NOx aftertreatment device.
  • the process of regeneration of the trap can be performed until there is breakthrough of the reductant.
  • By using a control algorithm to monitor the engine NOx emission rate and integrate it, and using multiple regeneration cycles it should be possible to predict when the element of the NOx control device becomes saturated. This could be done by performing sequential regeneration of an NOx control element, while monitoring the amount of reformate for regeneration. Saturation of the trap occurs when the amount of reductant for regeneration Atty. Dkt. No. 0492612-0368 (MIT10664 PCT)
  • FIG. 11a Embodiments illustrating this concept are shown in Figs. 11a and lib.
  • filter sections 70, 72, 76 and 78 get progressively larger downstream.
  • the size of the reformer 16 can be made smaller because less hydrogen rich gas is required.
  • only the very first upstream unit 70 needs to be started using hydrogen rich gas from the fuel reformer 16.
  • the mixture ratio of hydrogen rich gas and products of filter regeneration can be controlled by a number of means, including flow diverters or modulators 79, to control the temperature of and flow through the downstream filter sections.
  • the downstream filter section 72 can be brought to a higher temperature for initiating regeneration by closing the flow modulators 79, allowing predominantly or all of the hotter products of filter regeneration to enter a downstream filter section 72.
  • additional flow can be supplied to the filter section 72 to maintain or control the regeneration by subsequently opening the flow modulators 79.
  • Silicon carbide matrix or other fibrous filters are very suitable for use with the arrangement shown in Fig. 11a. Wire mesh filters are also suitable for this arrangement. Atty. Dkt. No. 0492612-0368 (MIT10664 PCT)
  • a diesel particulate filter For a diesel particulate filter, different size particulates can be trapped in different stages. For example, the first stage 70 might trap large size particles while the second unit 72 traps smaller size particles and so forth.
  • the filter material, pore sizes, or fiber densities of a trap medium and its construction can be optimized separately. Different size particulates may require different temperatures for regeneration.
  • the arrangement of Fig. 11a allows for the flexibility needed to optimize regeneration.
  • Fig. lib further flexibility is obtained by regenerating the sections 80, 82, 84 and 86 independently of upstream sections. In this embodiment, all of the flow passes through all of the filter elements 80-86.
  • the regeneration temperature in the embodiments of Figs. 11a and lib can be progressively reduced through the use of different kinds of filters.
  • the first aftertreatment unit such as 70 or 80
  • the second and other aftertreatment filter units may have reduced temperature capabilities. It is contemplated, for example, to use non- catalytic DPF filters with large pore sizes and high temperature capabilities for regeneration of the first unit 70 or 80 while downstream stages are catalytic units and trap smaller particulates.
  • using hydrogen rich gas injected upstream from the DPF can substantially improve the performance of a fuel reformer/combustor DPF system. It is possible during regeneration to ignite and combust the hydrogen rich gas fuel by hot soot particles in the DPF. This is the case because hydrogen has a very low ignition energy and hot soot particles can ignite it.
  • the reformate is usually at high temperature > 700 C.
  • the ignition and combustion properties of hydrogen are very different from other fuels that have substantially larger ignition energy requirements and that have ignition properties not too different from that of the soot particulates (which have substantial amounts of hydrocarbons). In fact, hot spots in the case of combustion engines due to soot deposits of the cylinder are sufficient to prematurely ignite hydrogen fuel used in these engines.
  • the hydrogen rich gas will be combusted where it first encounters hot soot particulates in the upstream regions of the filter. As the filter regenerates and the soot in these regions is combusted the combustion zone moves downstream in the filter to those Atty. Dkt. No. 0492612-0368 (MIT10664 PCT)
  • the particulate loading for regeneration is relatively low (lower particulate loading is required for hydrogen assisted regeneration rather than self-sustained soot ignition).
  • hydrogen rich gas can be used for enhancing the burning of the particulates without self-ignition of the particulates.
  • relatively high temperatures and high particulate loading are required. Such high temperatures, however, have consequences on the design and durability of the diesel particulate filter both because of thermal stress as well as temperature cycling. In the case of a heavily loaded filter the self-sustaining temperature might exceed the allowable temperature of the DPF.
  • the hot particulates themselves are good sources of ignition of the hydrogen rich gas because such gas has a high temperature for self-ignition but a low energy requirement for ignition.
  • the method according to the invention may result in improved control of the regeneration process since it is possible to turn down or even shut down the hydrogen generation. Since the soot burn is not self sustaining, it can be stopped.
  • a different embodiment encompassed by the invention ignites the hydrogen rich gas by using a glow plug, a spark or plasmatron-type discharge.
  • either a glow discharge or a spark may be used to ignite the mixture because of the excellent combustion characteristics of hydrogen (which requires little energy for ignition).
  • the thermal content of the fuel it would be possible to ignite, followed by full combustion, the fuel/exhaust by having a non-uniform distribution of fuel/exhaust gas. Richer mixtures could then be obtained which would be easier to ignite and combust followed by mixing between the hot combustion products and the rest of the exhaust gas upstream from the diesel particulate filter.
  • the hot product gas resulting from the non-uniform mixing followed by combustion could be used to regenerate the diesel particulate filter in the non-uniform manner described above. It may be advantageous during regeneration to divert some of the exhaust gases from the emission control device.
  • a disadvantage of this approach is the need of a high temperature valve for the purpose of diverting the hot exhaust gases flowing from the emission control device to a bypass.
  • the diverted exhaust gas goes through a heat exchanger either separate from, or combined with, the plasmatron fuel converter.
  • the heat exchanger warms the reagents introduced into the plasmatron fuel converter and cools down the exhaust gases thereby allowing for a low temperature valve for exhaust gas flow control.
  • the setting of the low temperature control valve can be adjusted either to prevent most of the exhaust (with some free oxygen) from going to the emission control device, or it could allow for some exhaust gas (with some free oxygen) to go to the device.
  • the plasmatron fuel converter associated with one of the emission control devices can be turned on to shut down much or all of the exhaust flow through the emission control device under regeneration. It is also contemplated to operate the fuel reformer in a manner in which the reformate/products of combustion, flow rate and composition vary with time during the regeneration process. For a constant composition, it would be possible to modulate the flow rate by turning the device on and off at a rate fast compared with the length of the regeneration process (that is, several times during the regeneration process). In this manner, the temperature of the exhaust can be modulated.
  • This technique is useful for controlling the temperature of the DPF and also for controlling the temperature downstream from the DPF (if there are other exhaust aftertreatment devices downstream from the DPF such as a NOx trap). Further, by modulating the flow it is possible to effectively gain dynamic range but with a device that operates at a single flow rate. Such operation simplifies the fuel reformer as it can be optimized for a single flow rate (with a single air/fuel flow that simplifies the air/fuel control system) but providing dynamic range.
  • a second option for pulsed operation involves changing the composition of the gas from the fuel reformer. At the start of the regeneration process the fuel reformer may operate at higher values of O/C resulting in a state closer to combustion and to lower hydrogen concentration as a result of higher temperatures.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention a trait à un appareil de lutte contre la pollution. Une unité de post-traitement de gaz d'échappement est fixée sur l'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne, et un reformeur de combustible fournit un gaz riche en hydrogène à l'unité de post-traitement de manière optimale pour régénérer cette dernière. Le gaz riche en hydrogène est de préférence fourni, à un moment quelconque, uniquement à une partie de l'unité de post-traitement pour régénérer ladite partie. L'on peut utiliser de l'hydrogène stocké.
PCT/US2005/020888 2004-06-15 2005-06-13 Utilisation optimale de reformeurs de combustible pour la regeneration de filtres a particules et de pieges a nox WO2006002037A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/868,333 2004-06-15
US10/868,333 US20050274104A1 (en) 2004-06-15 2004-06-15 Optimum regeneration of diesel particulate filters and NOx traps using fuel reformers

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006002037A2 true WO2006002037A2 (fr) 2006-01-05
WO2006002037A3 WO2006002037A3 (fr) 2006-05-26

Family

ID=34972588

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2005/020888 WO2006002037A2 (fr) 2004-06-15 2005-06-13 Utilisation optimale de reformeurs de combustible pour la regeneration de filtres a particules et de pieges a nox

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US20050274104A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006002037A2 (fr)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1943415A1 (fr) * 2005-10-27 2008-07-16 Saint-Gobain Centre de Recherches et d'Etudes Européen Mesure de l'homogeneite de depot des suies dans un filtre a particules et controle de la regeneration dudit filtre
WO2010074812A1 (fr) * 2008-11-03 2010-07-01 Leslie Bromberg Système et procédé de mesure du rétentat dans des filtres
WO2011056164A1 (fr) * 2008-10-31 2011-05-12 Leslie Bromberg Procede et systeme pour commander une operation de filtrage
US8384396B2 (en) 2006-05-01 2013-02-26 Filter Sensing Technologies, Inc. System and method for measuring retentate in filters
ITMI20120952A1 (it) * 2012-06-01 2013-12-02 Ecospray Technologies S R L Apparato filtrante anti-particolato per motori diesel marini e metodo di funzionamento e rigenerazione di detto apparato
US10118119B2 (en) 2015-06-08 2018-11-06 Cts Corporation Radio frequency process sensing, control, and diagnostics network and system
US10260400B2 (en) 2015-06-08 2019-04-16 Cts Corporation Radio frequency system and method for monitoring engine-out exhaust constituents
US10309953B2 (en) 2014-10-20 2019-06-04 Cts Corporation Filter retentate analysis and diagnostics
US10425170B2 (en) 2014-06-06 2019-09-24 Cts Corporation Radio frequency process sensing, control, and diagnostics network
US10799826B2 (en) 2015-06-08 2020-10-13 Cts Corporation Radio frequency process sensing, control, and diagnostics network and system
US11215102B2 (en) 2018-01-16 2022-01-04 Cts Corporation Radio frequency sensor system incorporating machine learning system and method
US11255799B2 (en) 2014-06-06 2022-02-22 Cts Corporation Radio frequency state variable measurement system and method

Families Citing this family (35)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7377101B2 (en) * 2004-02-13 2008-05-27 Fleetguard, Inc. Plasma fuel converter NOx adsorber system for exhaust aftertreatment
US20060053774A1 (en) * 2004-09-15 2006-03-16 Kabasin Daniel F Exhaust treatment system and methods using the same
WO2006062124A1 (fr) * 2004-12-08 2006-06-15 Hino Motors, Ltd. Dispositif de purification de gaz d’echappement
FR2900196B1 (fr) * 2006-04-25 2008-06-27 Renault Sas Procede de commande d'une installation de traitement des gaz d'echappement d'un moteur a combustion interne.
JP4711233B2 (ja) * 2006-05-10 2011-06-29 スズキ株式会社 水素エンジンの排気ガス浄化システム
DE102006050560A1 (de) * 2006-06-03 2007-12-06 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Betriebsverfahren für ein System aus einem Reformer und einer katalytischen Abgas-Nachbehandlungsvorrichtung
US20070289291A1 (en) * 2006-06-14 2007-12-20 Alexander Rabinovich Apparatus and Method for NOx Reduction
US7767181B2 (en) * 2006-06-30 2010-08-03 Caterpillar Inc System and method for ammonia production
EP1914537A1 (fr) * 2006-10-17 2008-04-23 Ibiden Co., Ltd. Capteur de matière particulaire
US20080118423A1 (en) * 2006-11-17 2008-05-22 Fattic Gerald T Closed loop control of air/fuel ratio in a reformer for modulating diesel exhaust
US20080141662A1 (en) * 2006-12-14 2008-06-19 Markus Schuster Fluid injecting and mixing systems for exhaust after-treatment devices
JP4737098B2 (ja) * 2007-01-24 2011-07-27 株式会社デンソー 内燃機関の診断装置
EP2109710B1 (fr) * 2007-02-05 2016-08-10 Volvo Lastvagnar AB Système d'épuration de gaz d'échappement avec un filtre à particules diesel et procédé de nettoyage dudit filtre
US7814746B2 (en) * 2007-02-26 2010-10-19 Kubota Corporation Exhaust device for a diesel engine
US20080314032A1 (en) * 2007-05-15 2008-12-25 Xuantian Li Segmented Particulate Filter For An Engine Exhaust Stream
US20100206249A1 (en) * 2007-11-12 2010-08-19 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Fuel management system for very high efficiency flex fuel engines
US20090165644A1 (en) * 2007-12-31 2009-07-02 Campbell David F Air Filter Apparatus with Self-Contained Detachable Programmable Clogging Indicator
US20090260350A1 (en) * 2008-04-18 2009-10-22 Leslie Bromberg Enhanced aftertreatment apparatus regeneration using spatially controlled hydrogen-rich gas
US9169765B2 (en) * 2008-07-14 2015-10-27 Westport Power Inc. Method for regenerating a diesel particulate filter
FR2937376B1 (fr) * 2008-10-20 2010-12-24 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Procede de purge d'un piege a oxydes d'azote et ligne d'echappement associee
WO2011059233A2 (fr) * 2009-11-10 2011-05-19 제주대학교 산학협력단 Ensemble de filtre et dispositif de réduction de gaz d'échappement comprenant celui-ci
WO2011079396A1 (fr) * 2009-12-31 2011-07-07 Nxtgen Emission Controls Inc. Système de moteur avec processeur de carburant à refroidissement par gaz d'échappement
FR2971007B1 (fr) * 2011-02-02 2013-01-11 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Procede et dispositif d'injection d'un agent reducteur gazeux dans la ligne d'echappement des gaz brules d'un moteur thermique
KR20190132563A (ko) 2012-02-27 2019-11-27 디이이씨 아이엔씨 내연 기관을 추진하기 위한 산소-풍부 플라즈마 발생기
US8984868B2 (en) * 2012-05-07 2015-03-24 Electro-Motive Diesel, Inc. Exhaust system having multiple dosers
US20140250868A1 (en) * 2013-03-07 2014-09-11 Epoch Energy Technology Corp. Carbon buildup removal device with protection function of vibration detection
US20140311122A1 (en) * 2013-04-17 2014-10-23 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Flow controlled electrically assisted dpf regeneration
JP6015640B2 (ja) * 2013-12-05 2016-10-26 株式会社デンソー 高活性物質添加装置
WO2017155895A1 (fr) 2016-03-07 2017-09-14 HyTech Power, Inc. Procédé de génération et de distribution d'un second carburant pour un moteur à combustion interne
KR20180102335A (ko) * 2017-03-07 2018-09-17 주식회사 아모그린텍 배기가스를 이용하는 수소 개질기
CN110785548B (zh) 2017-06-27 2022-02-15 康明斯排放处理公司 使用射频传感器的还原剂沉积检测
US20190234348A1 (en) 2018-01-29 2019-08-01 Hytech Power, Llc Ultra Low HHO Injection
JP7074014B2 (ja) * 2018-10-17 2022-05-24 トヨタ自動車株式会社 ガス分離システム
CN113503204B (zh) * 2021-07-05 2022-09-20 同济大学 一种氧化剂主导的dpf主动再生装置及其控制方法
CN116022735B (zh) * 2021-10-27 2025-07-29 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 一种低温等离子体重整燃料制氢技术最优氧碳比的确定方法

Family Cites Families (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0148358B1 (fr) * 1983-11-10 1991-04-03 KAT-TEC Gesellschaft für Katalysatortechnik mbH Catalyseur pour la combustion et la conversion de gaz et des hydrocarbures supérieurs, ainsi que dispositif pour la réduction d'oxydes d'azote et brûleur de gaz d'échappement muni d'un tel catalyseur
US5451558A (en) * 1994-02-04 1995-09-19 Goal Line Environmental Technologies Process for the reaction and absorption of gaseous air pollutants, apparatus therefor and method of making the same
US5655366A (en) * 1994-05-17 1997-08-12 Isuzu Ceramics Research Institute Co. Ltd. Diesel particulate filter
US5762885A (en) * 1997-02-19 1998-06-09 Goal Line Environmental Technologies Llc Apparatus for removing contaminants from gaseous stream.
US6560958B1 (en) * 1998-10-29 2003-05-13 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Emission abatement system
GB9914662D0 (en) * 1999-06-24 1999-08-25 Johnson Matthey Plc Catalysts
US6322757B1 (en) * 1999-08-23 2001-11-27 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Low power compact plasma fuel converter
US6314722B1 (en) * 1999-10-06 2001-11-13 Matros Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for emission control
US6521204B1 (en) * 2000-07-27 2003-02-18 General Motors Corporation Method for operating a combination partial oxidation and steam reforming fuel processor
US6655130B1 (en) * 2000-10-30 2003-12-02 Delphi Technologies, Inc. System and controls for near zero cold start tailpipe emissions in internal combustion engines
JP2002213227A (ja) * 2000-11-17 2002-07-31 Toyota Motor Corp 排気ガス浄化装置、および排気ガスの浄化方法
US7082753B2 (en) * 2001-12-03 2006-08-01 Catalytica Energy Systems, Inc. System and methods for improved emission control of internal combustion engines using pulsed fuel flow
US6959542B2 (en) * 2002-01-25 2005-11-01 Arvin Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and method for operating a fuel reformer to regenerate a DPNR device
US6976353B2 (en) * 2002-01-25 2005-12-20 Arvin Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and method for operating a fuel reformer to provide reformate gas to both a fuel cell and an emission abatement device
AU2003228608A1 (en) * 2002-04-24 2003-11-10 Arvin Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and method for regenerating a particulate filter of an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine
US6881386B2 (en) * 2002-05-30 2005-04-19 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Low current plasmatron fuel converter having enlarged volume discharges
US6739125B1 (en) * 2002-11-13 2004-05-25 Collier Technologies, Inc. Internal combustion engine with SCR and integrated ammonia production
CN1723341A (zh) * 2002-11-15 2006-01-18 能量催化系统公司 减少贫燃发动机NOx排放的装置和方法
US20040139730A1 (en) * 2003-01-16 2004-07-22 William Taylor Method and apparatus for directing exhaust gas and reductant fluid in an emission abatement system

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1943415A1 (fr) * 2005-10-27 2008-07-16 Saint-Gobain Centre de Recherches et d'Etudes Européen Mesure de l'homogeneite de depot des suies dans un filtre a particules et controle de la regeneration dudit filtre
US9399185B2 (en) 2006-05-01 2016-07-26 Cts Corporation Method and system for controlling filter operation
US8384396B2 (en) 2006-05-01 2013-02-26 Filter Sensing Technologies, Inc. System and method for measuring retentate in filters
US8384397B2 (en) 2006-05-01 2013-02-26 Filter Sensing Technologies, Inc. Method and system for controlling filter operation
US9400297B2 (en) 2006-05-01 2016-07-26 Cts Corporation System and method for measuring retentate in filters
WO2011056164A1 (fr) * 2008-10-31 2011-05-12 Leslie Bromberg Procede et systeme pour commander une operation de filtrage
EP2350443A4 (fr) * 2008-10-31 2017-07-26 Filter Sensing Technologies, Inc. Procede et systeme pour commander une operation de filtrage
WO2010074812A1 (fr) * 2008-11-03 2010-07-01 Leslie Bromberg Système et procédé de mesure du rétentat dans des filtres
US10060313B2 (en) 2012-06-01 2018-08-28 Ecospray Technologies S.R.L. Particulate filtering apparatus for marine diesel engines and method of operation and regeneration of said apparatus
ITMI20120952A1 (it) * 2012-06-01 2013-12-02 Ecospray Technologies S R L Apparato filtrante anti-particolato per motori diesel marini e metodo di funzionamento e rigenerazione di detto apparato
WO2013179266A1 (fr) * 2012-06-01 2013-12-05 Ecospray Technologies S.R.L. Appareil de filtration de matière particulaire pour des moteurs diesel marins et procédé de fonctionnement et de régénération dudit appareil
US10425170B2 (en) 2014-06-06 2019-09-24 Cts Corporation Radio frequency process sensing, control, and diagnostics network
US11255799B2 (en) 2014-06-06 2022-02-22 Cts Corporation Radio frequency state variable measurement system and method
US11543365B2 (en) 2014-06-06 2023-01-03 Cts Corporation Radio frequency state variable measurement system and method
US10309953B2 (en) 2014-10-20 2019-06-04 Cts Corporation Filter retentate analysis and diagnostics
US10260400B2 (en) 2015-06-08 2019-04-16 Cts Corporation Radio frequency system and method for monitoring engine-out exhaust constituents
US10118119B2 (en) 2015-06-08 2018-11-06 Cts Corporation Radio frequency process sensing, control, and diagnostics network and system
US10799826B2 (en) 2015-06-08 2020-10-13 Cts Corporation Radio frequency process sensing, control, and diagnostics network and system
US11215102B2 (en) 2018-01-16 2022-01-04 Cts Corporation Radio frequency sensor system incorporating machine learning system and method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2006002037A3 (fr) 2006-05-26
US20050274104A1 (en) 2005-12-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20050274104A1 (en) Optimum regeneration of diesel particulate filters and NOx traps using fuel reformers
US8631647B2 (en) System and method for regenerating an engine exhaust after-treatment device
EP2387656B1 (fr) Dispositif de commande des gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne
US7386977B2 (en) Method and apparatus for regenerating NOx adsorbers
US7490463B2 (en) Process and system for removing soot from particulate filters of vehicle exhaust systems
US20050223699A1 (en) Bypass controlled regeneration of NOx adsorbers
US20060075744A1 (en) Apparatus and method for regenerating a particulate filter of an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine
EP1785608A2 (fr) Procédé et dispositif de commande de la température d'un catalyseur
KR20070038446A (ko) ＮＯｘ 트랩 및/또는 디젤 엔진에 합성가스의 간헐적인사용
US8015803B2 (en) Operating method for a system composed of a reformer and a catalytic exhaust gas aftertreatment device
US7770386B2 (en) Filter desulfation system and method
JP2004115013A (ja) 車両のための暖房システム
EP1633460B1 (fr) Procede et dispositif pour la conversion catalytique d'hydrocarburess pour la generation d'un gaz riche en hydrogene
CN101970823B (zh) 排气气体净化装置
US20050198900A1 (en) Method and apparatus for fuel/air preparation for a hydrocarbon reformer
US20230383681A1 (en) Selective catalytic reduction catalyst pre-heating burner assembly and method of controling burner emissions
JP7663474B2 (ja) エンジンシステム
US7204082B1 (en) System for combustion of reformate in an engine exhaust stream
EP2253812A1 (fr) Procédé de commande d'appareil de purification de gaz d'échappement
Bromberg et al. Regeneration of diesel particulate filters with hydrogen rich gas
KR102639057B1 (ko) 촉매 컨버터 재생 중에도 지속적으로 유해물질 제거가 가능한 배기가스 유해물질 저감 시스템 및 이를 이용한 배기가스 유해물질 저감 방법
JP2006242009A (ja) 排気浄化装置及び排気ガスの浄化方法
CA2422164A1 (fr) Gestion par derivation de la contamination par le soufre d'absorbeurs de nox peu charges

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KM KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NG NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SM SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): GM KE LS MW MZ NA SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Country of ref document: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase