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WO2006030434A2 - Dispositif actionneur a ressort magnetique - Google Patents

Dispositif actionneur a ressort magnetique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006030434A2
WO2006030434A2 PCT/IL2005/000985 IL2005000985W WO2006030434A2 WO 2006030434 A2 WO2006030434 A2 WO 2006030434A2 IL 2005000985 W IL2005000985 W IL 2005000985W WO 2006030434 A2 WO2006030434 A2 WO 2006030434A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
piston
ring
magnetic
coil spring
actuator device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IL2005/000985
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2006030434A3 (fr
Inventor
Moshe Gombinsky
Amir Porat
Original Assignee
Moshe Gombinsky
Amir Porat
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Moshe Gombinsky, Amir Porat filed Critical Moshe Gombinsky
Publication of WO2006030434A2 publication Critical patent/WO2006030434A2/fr
Publication of WO2006030434A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006030434A3/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F6/00—Magnetic springs; Fluid magnetic springs, i.e. magnetic spring combined with a fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
    • F15B15/1423—Component parts; Constructional details
    • F15B15/1476—Special return means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2224/00—Materials; Material properties
    • F16F2224/02—Materials; Material properties solids
    • F16F2224/0216—Materials; Material properties solids bimetallic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/02—Permanent magnets [PM]
    • H01F7/0231—Magnetic circuits with PM for power or force generation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/02—Permanent magnets [PM]
    • H01F7/0231—Magnetic circuits with PM for power or force generation
    • H01F7/0242—Magnetic drives, magnetic coupling devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a magnetic spring actuator device.
  • the invention can be used as a common spring in almost every application in which springs are employed, under the condition that the magnetism does not disturb other aspects of the technology.
  • the magnetic spring actuator is especially useful in the fields of pneumatic and electromagnetic actuation.
  • Prior art patent EP 1420164 describes a simplified magnetizable piston slidabie in a cylinder and moved by magnetic coupling to an external magnetic element which moves along the cylinder and is actuated via an external actuator.
  • Prior art patent DEl 0147064 describes a vibrator for a mobile telephone with an oscillating mass provided by a magnetic core that is displaced within electromagnetic coil. The magnetic core or piston is moved back into the electromagnet by a spring.
  • Prior art publication WO2004038741 describes a flat voice coil actuator having planar coils and having spring-type characteristics.
  • the coil employs a few groups of magnets that create magnetic flux in an air gap where the coil is moveable.
  • Prior art publication US2004099784 describes an hybrid pneumatic magnetic isolator actuator wherein pneumatic and ⁇ magnetic forces are applied to a single carriage.
  • the invention relates to a magnetic -actuator that operates in parallel to a pneumatic actuator.
  • the magnetic actuator capability is affected by a current supplied to a coil surrounding the magnetic actuator body.
  • the current is controlled so as to be proportional to the instantaneous error in the pressure servo, i.e. the difference between the commanded pressure and the actual pressure.
  • the magnetic force makes up for this difference and thus corrects the error
  • actuators in which the return force applied on the magnetic piston comes from sources such as pneumatic forces, an external actuator, or a spring.
  • ring is used to refer to a component having a central opening into which a piston can enter.
  • This component may take the form of a toroidal element, or may have any other shape, as long as a central bore is present to allow advancement of the piston into the central bore. Additional shapes other than a ring, which may be used, include (but are not limited to): a hollowed open-faced cube, a rectangular element with central bore, a U-shape, a cup-shape, or an ellipse.
  • the present invention relates to a magnetic spring actuator device comprising: a) a piston and a ring arranged so that one of them is a fixed part and the other is a moving part; b) a non-magnetic holding cylinder having each of said fixed and moving parts disposed therein.
  • At least one of the fixed and moving parts is magnetic. Due to a magnetic force caused by at least one of the fixed and moving parts, the moving part is initially located in a first position with respect to the fixed part. Upon application of an outside force on the magnetic spring actuator, the moving part moves to a second position with respect to the fixed part, such that the magnetic force produces a return force causing the moving part to return to the first position with respect to the fixed part.
  • the piston is movably disposed inside of said ring.
  • the ring is moveably engaged around the piston.
  • the outside force- is an electromagnetic force.
  • the outside force is a pneumatic force, or any other suitable force for providing an initial force for causing displacement of the ring or the piston.
  • the piston is magnetic and the ring is magnetizable.
  • the ring is magnetic and one end of the piston is positioned substantially inside of the ring. Still further according to preferred embodiments of the present invention, the ring is magnetic and piston has the same width as the ring. In this case, the piston is positioned inside of the ring.
  • This preferred embodiment provides a magnetic spring unit having a very strong magnetic force on the piston. Additionally, increasing the thickness of the ring further increases the magnetic holding force on the piston. This will be described in more detail below.
  • the magnetic spring actuator further comprises a second ring engaged around said piston.
  • said second ring is magnetizable and each of said rings contain an opposite end of said piston disposed therein.
  • the ring is a magnet and the piston is magnetizable.
  • both said ring and said piston are magnetic.
  • the distance between the first position and the second position is up to half of the width of the piston.
  • the distance between the first position and the second position is up to half of the width of the ring.
  • the magnetic spring actuator also comprises a stopper.
  • the stopper ensures that the magnetic holding force in the unit is not reduced to zero due to the exterior applied force. This will be described in more detail below.
  • the magnetic spring actuator further comprises a non-magnetizable shaft connecting between the piston and the cylinder.
  • Connecting means are provided for connecting between the piston and the shaft.
  • the connecting means can be, for example, a screw fit, or any other suitable connection.
  • the invention further comprises a bi-metal coil spring wound around the piston, wherein one free end of said bi-metal coil spring is connected to the non-magnetic holding cylinder, and a second free end of the bi ⁇ metal coil spring is connected to the piston.
  • the bi-metal coil spring is inducible to contract or expand in response to a stimuli selected from: a change in temperature, or application of an electrical current to the bi-metal coil spring.
  • the bi-metal coil spring is formed from an alloy of at least two metals selected from the group consisting of nickel, titanium. copper, chrome and iron.
  • the bi-metal coil spring is connected to an operable electrical circuit containing a power source, for inducing contraction or expansion of the bi ⁇ metal coil spring upon closure of the electrical circuit and activation of the power source.
  • the actuator further comprises a heating element adjacent to or surrounding the actuator, for inducing contraction or expansion of the bi-metal coil spring upon activation of the heating element.
  • the invention further comprises an external actuator for inducing contraction or expansion of the bi-metal coil spring.
  • a method of activation of the bi-metal coil spring actuator comprising the steps of: a. applying a stimuli selected from: a change in temperature or electrical current. to said bi-metal coil, spring to induce expansion or contraction of the bi-metal coil spring and cause movement of the piston from the initial starting position to a second position; and b. discontinuing said stimuli to allow the piston to return to the initial starting position.
  • a stimuli selected from: a change in temperature or electrical current.
  • Fig. Ia is a schematic cross-sectional drawing of the actuator comprising an iron ring and a magnetic piston disposed within, illustrated in a starting position;
  • Fig. Ib is identical to Fig. Ia, however the piston appears in a second position with respect to the ring, following application of an external force;
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional drawing of a magnetic actuator composed of a magnetic ring and an iron piston;
  • Fig. 3 a is a schematic cross-sectional drawing of a magnetic actuator comprising a magnetizable ring and a magnetic piston;
  • Fig. 3b is identical to Fig. 3a, but in this case, the magnetic spring actuator comprises two magnetizable rings;
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional drawing of a magnetic spring actuator comprising a magnetic ring and a magnetizable piston slidably disposed inside of the ring;
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional drawing of an electromagnetic spring actuator, having an electric coil for applying an initial force for displacing the piston with respect to the ring;
  • Fig. 6a is a schematic cross-sectional drawing of an actuator in which the piston does initially not protrude from the ring;
  • Fig. 6b is identical to Fig. 6a, except that the piston is connected to a shaft;
  • Fig. 6c is a schematic drawing of the piston/shaft component of Fig. 6b;
  • Fig. 6d is a schematic drawing of a similar piston/shaft component, however in this embodiment the piston is magnetic;
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional drawing of an actuator comprised of a magnetic ring and a shorter iron piston disposed inside of the ring;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional drawing of an actuator comprised of a long iron ring and a shorter magnetic piston disposed inside of the ring;
  • Fig. 9a is a schematic cross-sectional drawing of a pneumatic actuator comprised of a movable magnetic ring, a fixed magnetizable piston, and a cylinder housing the ring and the piston.
  • the piston is fixed by a non-magnetizable shaft to the cylinder;
  • Fig. 9b is identical to Fig. 9a, except that the magnetic ring has a smaller thickness than the ring of Fig. 9a;
  • Fig. 10a is a schematic cross-sectional drawing of a magnetic spring composed of a magnetic ring and a magnetic piston.
  • Fig 10b is identical to Fig. 10a, except that the magnetic ring is positioned differently with respect to the magnetic piston, due to the polarity of the magnets;
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional drawing of an actuator comprising a fixed magnetic piston and a movable magnetizable ring positioned inside of a cylinder; the piston is fixed to the cylinder via a non-magnetizable shaft;
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional drawing of an electromagnetic spring actuator comprising a fixed magnetic piston, a movable magnetizable ring, and a cylinder including an electric coil.
  • the piston is fixed to the cylinder via a non-magnetizable shaft;
  • Figs. 13a-13d are schematic cross-sectional drawings illustrating the magnetic field lines of magnetic rings.
  • a magnetic ring is illustrated in Fig. 13a.
  • a magnetic ring is illustrated in Fig. 13b.
  • a magnetic ring is illustrated with a piston inside, the piston having a width that is larger than the ring.
  • the magnetic ring and the piston have the same width.
  • the magnetic ring and the piston both have the same width, and said width is shorter than that of Fig. 13 c;
  • Fig. 14a is a schematic cross-sectional drawing of a bi-metal magnetic coil actuator illustrated in a starting position, and piston is covered with a bi-metal coil;
  • Fig. 14b is identical to Fig. 14a, except that the piston is shown in a second position, following application of force due to a contracting bi-metal coil spring;
  • Fig. 14c is similar to Fig. 14a yet describes the magnetic field of the N pole of piston 146 and the field lines bending into the magnetizable (iron) ring 142;
  • Fig. 14d is similar to Fig. 14b, yet describes the magnetic field of the N pole of piston 146;
  • Fig. 14e describes an actuator having a bi-metal coil, with the piston comprised one short magnetic portion, and one lengthened non-magnetic and non-heat-retentive portion;
  • Fig. 14f describes the same bi-metal magnetic actuator as in Fig. 14e, with the magnetic piston shown in a second position with respect to the iron ring;
  • Fig. 15a is a schematic cross-sectional drawing of a bi-metai actuator including a non- magnetizable cylinder and a magnetic piston illustrated in a starting position and covered with a bi-metal coil spring.
  • the magnetic piston is connected to a non-magnetic shaft moving through an independent iron ring attached to an actuator arm;
  • Fig. 15b is identical to Fig. 15a, except that the piston is shown in a second position with respect to the non-magnetizable cylinder, following application of force due to a contracting bi-metal coil spring;
  • Fig. 16a describes a non-magnetic piston covered with a contracted bi-metal coil spring; the spring and a magnetic piston are attached to the covered piston The piston is in a first position;
  • Fig.16b describes the magnetic piston in a second position with respect to the magnetizable ring after the bi-metal coil spring is expanded
  • Figs. 17a and 17b illustrate the bi-metal coil spring being part of an electrical circuit.
  • the invention discloses a magnetic spring actuator comprising a ring, a piston movably disposed inside of the ring, and a non-magnetic holding cylinder. At least one of the ring and the piston is magnetic. Due to a magnetic force caused by at least one of the ring and the piston, the piston is initially located in a first position with respect to the ring Application of an outside force results in movement of the piston to a second position with respect to the ring. The magnetic force produces a return force for causing the piston to return to the first position with respect to the ring.
  • the piston can be fixed and the ring can be adapted for moving with respect to the piston in a similar manner.
  • N and S refer to north and south magnetic poles.
  • the arrows in the Figures indicate directions of the initial applied force and of the magnetic return force, and, consequently, the direction of the movement of the ring or piston.
  • V refers to a vacuum force.
  • Fig. 1 represents a simple magnetic spring actuator 10 comprising an iron ring 12 firmly attached to a nonmagnetic cylinder 14 and a long magnetic piston 16 having a stopper 18 that is also employed as a handle.
  • Piston 16 is illustrated in the starting position with respect to ring 12, with the north magnetic pole end of the piston 16 disposed inside of ring 12.
  • a force / applied in the direction indicated results in movement of piston 16 within cylinder 14.
  • Magnetic return force m induced by the magnetism of N pole of piston 16 causes piston 16 to return to the initial starting position.
  • piston 16 is maintained in the initial starting position due a magnetic holding force.
  • the force / applied to the unit goes against the magnetic holding force, causing the piston to move.
  • the magnetic holding force diminishes, approaching zero.
  • the magnetic return force m returns the piston to its starting position.
  • Fig. Ib illustrates the position of piston 16 following application of force / Piston 16 is prevented from escaping from inside ring 12 due to stopper 18. It is appreciated that the length of movement of piston 16 can be regulated depending on the length of cylinder 14.
  • Fig. 2 represents a simple magnetic spring 20 comprised of a magnetic ring 22 and an iron piston 24 that protrudes from ring 22. While in Figure 1 the piston was magnetic and the ring was non-magnetic, in Figure 2 the ring is magnetic and the piston is non-magnetic. An initial applied force causes piston 24 to become displaced from its original starting position (the starting position resulting from the magnetic force created by the ring on the piston). Subsequently, the magnetic return force induced by magnetic ring 22 causes piston 24 to return to its starting point.
  • Fig. 6a is similar to Fig. 2, except that in this case, magnetic ring 60 has a width "w" that is equal to the length "/" of magnetizable piston 62, so that in the initial starting position the piston does not protrude from the ring.
  • the preferred embodiment illustrated in this Figure provides a magnetic spring unit wherein the magnetic ring exerts a very strong magnetic force on the piston. This can be more clearly understood from Fig.'s 13a-13d.
  • Fig. 13a the magnetic field lines of magnetic ring 130 are illustrated. At the central bore of the ring there are straight magnetic field lines.
  • a piston 132 occupies the central bore of ring 130.
  • piston 134 has a length that is equal to that of ring 130 so that at the starting position shown in Fig. 13c, the piston is present entirely within the ring.
  • a strong closed magnetic force is exerted.
  • the magnetic force can be increased by shortening the length of the piston in regard to the ring, or by increasing the thickness of the ring.
  • the thickness "d" of the piston is larger than the thickness "d" of the piston seen in Fig. 13c.
  • Increasing the piston thickness produces more magnetic field lines in the ring bore, and thus a greater magnetic force is exerted on a piston held inside of the ring.
  • piston 62 is attached to a non-magnetizable shaft 64 for facilitating attachment to an external actuator. It is important that shaft 64 be non- magnetizable so that the strong magnetic spring unit formed by ring 60 and piston 62 having the same length as ring 60 is not weakened.
  • the piston 62/ shaft 64 component is also seen in Fig. 6c.
  • FIG. 6d An alternative embodiment, in which the piston 66 is magnetic, is shown in Fig. 6d with magnetic piston 66 connected to shaft 64. It is appreciated that a non-magnetizable shaft is preferably provided in each of the embodiments described, for connecting between the piston and the cylinder (the cylinder will be described in relation to Fig.'s 9a, 9b, 11, 12).
  • Fig. 3 a illustrates a magnetic piston 30 located, in a starting position.
  • the end of piston 30 which corresponds to the north pole is disposed inside of ring 32.
  • Ring 32 can be composed of any magnetizable material such as iron or nickel.
  • Air pressure is applied towards the end of piston 30 as indicated.
  • Magnetic return force (indicated by arrow m) works in the direction opposite from air pressure so as to return piston 30 to its starting position with respect to the ring 32.
  • Fig. 3b is similar to Fig. 3a, with the exception that the actuator comprises two magnetizable rings 32a, 32b positioned as shown. Due to the presence of two rings 32a 32b, the starting position of piston 30 is substantially in between the two rings. A stronger initial force is required to displace piston 30.
  • Fig. 4 represents a magnetizable piston 40 slidably engaged inside of magnetic ring 42.
  • the piston can be formed, for example, from iron.
  • An initial force, in this case, vacuum V causes displacement of piston 40 with respect to ring 42.
  • Magnetic return force m causes piston 40 to return to the initial starting position shown in the Figure ' .
  • Fig. 5 is similar to Fig. 4, but in this embodiment, an electric coil 50 supplies the initial force for displacing piston 52 disposed within the magnetic ring 54.
  • This is an example of an electromagnetic actuator.
  • Piston 52 is comprised of three portions. The first portion is an iron segment 58, held inside of magnetic ring 54 due to the magnetic force of ring 54. The second is a non-magnetizable segment 56. Segment 56 can formed, for example, from copper or aluminum. The third portion is a magnetizable segment 59 that enables application of an electromagnetic force to piston 52 from electric coil 50.
  • Figs. 7 and 8 represent further preferred embodiments of the present invention.
  • an iron piston 70 is disposed inside of a magnetic ring 72 in the starting position indicated, at the north magnetic pole end of ring 72.
  • the width of piston 70 is shorter than that of ring 72.
  • a long iron ring 80 is illustrated with a shorter magnetic piston 82 disposed therein.
  • This embodiment does not provide a magnetic force that is as strong as that of Fig. 7, because the magnet, in this case, the piston, comprises a smaller area.
  • the ring itself comprises the cylinder.
  • a stopper can be incorporated onto one end of the ring in order to stop the piston from escaping from the ring. (Alternatively, as in Fig. 1, a longer non-magnetizable unit is securely attached to the ring.)
  • Fig. 9a illustrates a pneumatic actuator wherein magnetic ring 90 is slidably disposed on a static iron piston 92 that is attached to cylinder 94 via a non-magnetizable shaft 96. Air pressure is applied in the direction indicated, causing ring 90 to move from its original position (shown in the diagram) with respect to piston 92 to a second position in which ring 90 is slightly displaced (to the right) with respect to piston 92. The magnetic return force thereafter causes ring 90 to return to the original position.
  • Fig. 9b is the same as Fig. 9a, with the exception that ring 95 has a smaller width than ring 90 (shown in Fig. 9a), and thus ring 95 moves a shorter distance when air pressure is applied.
  • Fig. 10a and Fig. 10b illustrate magnetic springs that include both magnetic rings and magnetic pistons.
  • Fig. 10a due to the polarity of the two magnets, one end of magnetic piston 100 is positioned inside of magnetic ring 102.
  • Fig. 10b due to the polarity of the magnets, magnetic piston 100 is positioned with its center inside of magnetic ring 102.
  • the piston may only move a distance equal to less than half of the width of the magnetic ring, since, if it were to go any farther (and thus the magnetic holding force would be zero), the piston would escape from inside the ring because the north and south magnetic poles of the piston and the ring would repel one another.
  • Fig. 10a due to the polarity of the two magnets, one end of magnetic piston 100 is positioned inside of magnetic ring 102.
  • Fig. 10b due to the polarity of the magnets, magnetic piston 100 is positioned with its center inside of magnetic ring 102.
  • the piston may only move a distance equal to less
  • piston 100 is held with its center inside of ring 102. If ring 102 were to be moved a distance of more than half of the width of the piston, then the magnetic holding force on piston 100 would be totally overcome and piston 100 would escape from inside of ring 102.
  • Fig. 11 illustrates a magnetic spring actuator comprising a fixed magnetic piston 1 10 and a movable magnetizable ring 112 engaged around piston 110 and inside of cylinder 119.
  • An applied force / causes movement of ring 112 along piston 110.
  • the magnetic return force induced by piston 110 causes ring 112 to return to its starting position shown.
  • Fig. 12 is similar to Fig. 11, but in this case, an electric coil 120 supplies the initial force for moving ring 112 with respect to magnetic piston 110.
  • Magnetic piston 110 is connected to cylinder 114 via a non-magnetizable shaft 116 (also illustrated in Fig. 6d).
  • Another embodiment central to the invention makes use of the tendency of a coiled spring formed from an alloy of two metals, to contract or expand in response to passage of an electric current through the coil, or in response to a significant change in the surrounding temperature.
  • a coiled spring formed from an alloy of two metals
  • Such an alloyed coil termed a "bi-metal coil spring", a “bi-metai spring” or a “shape-memory alloy (SMA)” is usually made from nickel and at least one other metal. Most often, nickel-titanium is used, but optionally additional metals are included in the alloy in addition to nickel and titanium, such as copper, iron or chrome. Depending on the identity of . the two metals in the alloy, the coil will either contract, or expand in response to one of the aforementioned stimuli (heat or application of an electrical current).
  • a bi-metal coil spring is wound around the piston of the actuators described above.
  • the initial force applied to the actuator which acts to move the piston is not a physical force in this case, rather it is either a raise in the temperature surrounding the actuator, or the closing of a circuit in which the bi-metal coil takes part of.
  • the magnetic force will act to return the piston to its starting position.
  • the bi-metal coil is described as tending to contract in response to heat or to electrical current. This is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, rather is thus described for illustrative purposes. Depending on the metals used in the alloy from which the bi-metal coil spring is formed, the coil may tend to expand in response to these stimuli, and then contract when these stimuli are removed.
  • Fig. 14a represents a bi-metal magnetic spring actuator 140 comprising an iron ring
  • Piston 146 is illustrated in the starting position with respect to ring 142, with the north magnetic pole end of the piston 146 disposed inside of ring 142.
  • heating the bi-metal coil spring either through a heating element (not shown), surrounding and contacting the actuator or directly via an electric- current (flowing into the spring) results in contraction of the bi-metal coil spring against cover
  • piston 146 is maintained in the initial starting position due a magnetic holding force.
  • the bi-metal coil spring contraction force (resulting from the application of heat or electric current) goes against the magnetic holding force, causing the piston to move.
  • the magnetic holding force diminishes, approaching zero.
  • the contraction force must be stopped before the magnetic holding force reaches zero, to permit a magnetic return force m. This is achieved due to the fact the contracting bi-metal coil spring reaches a minimal compression before the magnetic holding force reaches zero.
  • Fig. 14b illustrates the position of piston 146 following application of bi-metal coil spring contraction force. Piston 146 is prevented from escaping and exiting entirely through the ring 142 due to cover 143 which functions as a stopper. It is appreciated that the length of movement of the piston 146 can be regulated depending on the length of cylinder 144. The piston may maximally move up to half the length of the piston 146.
  • Fig. 14c describes the magnetic field of the N pole of piston 146 and how the field lines bend into the magnetizable (iron) ring 142. This creates a closure mechanism or a magnetic locking between the magnetic piston 146 and the iron ring 142. The contraction of bi-metal coil spring creates a force that acts against the above magnetic locking therefore moving the magnetic piston to a second position as described in Fig. 14b.
  • Fig.l4d the magnetic piston 146 is shown with half of its length projecting out of the ring 142 therefore most of the magnetic field of pole N is far from the ring and only a few field lines bend towards the ring. These few lines create a return magnetic force ' V as shown and mentioned in relation to Fig. 14b. Force "m” moves the piston 146 back to the first position shown in Fig. 14a, and Fig. 14c.
  • the piston comprises two portions, one of which is a short magnetic portion, and one of which is a lengthened non ⁇ magnetic and non-heat-retentive portion.
  • Fig.He describes a piston comprised of a non-magnetic portion 149 covered with a bi ⁇ metal coil spring 148, and a magnetic portion 146 attached to the non-magnetic portion 149 in proximity to a magnetizable ring 142.
  • the piston 149 is made from non-heat conducting materials or having a low thermal coefficient, for better protection of the magnet 146 and fast cooling of 148.
  • the coil contracts and applies a force on 149 via cover 143 This force acts against the magnetic locking force of 146 and moves piston 149 and magnetic portion 146 to a second position with respect to ring 142.
  • Fig. 15 represents a bi-metal magnetic spring actuator 150, in which the iron ring 152 is not attached to the nonmagnetic cylinder 154 as previously described, rather it is attached to an outside actuator via moveable arm 155.
  • the actuator comprises a nonmagnetic cylinder 154 and a piston having a lengthened magnetic portion 156 covered with a bi-metal coil spring 158.
  • the bi-metal coil spring 158 is attached to the magnetic portion of the piston 156 through a cover/stopper 153 and is attached at its other side 157 to the nonmagnetic cylinder 154.
  • Piston 156 is illustrated in Fig. 15a in the starting position with respect to nonmagnetic cylinder 154 with the north magnetic pole end of the piston 156 located far from iron ring 152.
  • the iron ring 152 is attached to an outside actuator via arm 1 55 This arrangement ensures zero magnetic holding force when the piston is at the starting position of Fig. 15a
  • Fig. 15b illustrates the position of piston 156 following application of bi-metal coil spring contraction force. Since pole N of magnetic piston 156 is now near iron ring 152 a magnetic force is induced. Application of force f via an outside actuator causes arm 1 55 to advance the iron ring 152 towards the magnetic portion of the piston 156, creating a magnetic return force on magnetic piston 156 to return to it's initial starting position, and at the same time stretches the bi-metal coil spring to it's starting length. It should be noted that the bi ⁇ metal coil spring must be allowed to cool to ambient temperature prior to or during the return to the starting position induced by the stretching process.
  • Fig 16 describes another version of a bi-metal coil magnetic spring actuator.
  • the bi ⁇ metal coil spring 168 is in a contracted state (Fig. 16a) before heating.
  • the magnetic piston 166 is magnetically locked to ring 162 as in Fig. 16a due to pole N that is located inside the ring.
  • Fig. 16b the bi-metal coil spring expands after heat is applied to the spring.
  • the non-magnetic piston 169 has entered and progressed into the non-magnetic cylinder 164 due to the expansion of bi-metal coil 168.
  • piston 166 is unlocked from ring 162 due to the spreading force of spring 168.
  • spring 168 cools it contracts, and the piston is further induced to return to the starting position shown in Figure 16a, due to the magnetic attraction between piston 166 and ring 162.
  • Figure 17 illustrates the bi-metal coil spring being part of an electrical circuit.
  • the current is turned off, and the actuator is in the starting position.
  • the magnetic force in each embodiment can be controlled in accordance with the initially applied pressure in order to produce the desired effect (i.e., the extent of displacement of the piston or ring). Moreover, varying the size and thus the magnetic force of the piston and/or the ring will also produce corresponding effects. It will also be appreciated that the magnetic spring actuator of the present invention is useful in a wide variety of applications.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)

Abstract

Un actionneur à ressort magnétique comprend un anneau, un piston disposé mobile à l'intérieur de l'anneau, et un cylindre de support non magnétique. Au moins l'anneau ou le piston est magnétique. Grâce aux forces magnétiques générées au moins par l'anneau ou le piston, le piston est disposé initialement dans une première position par rapport à l'anneau. L'application d'une force extérieure provoque le déplacement du piston dans une deuxième position par rapport à l'anneau. La force magnétique crée une force de retour qui fait en sorte que le piston retourne dans la première position par rapport à l'anneau. En variante, le piston peut être fixé, et l'anneau peut être adapté pour se déplacer par rapport au piston de façon similaire. Un ressort hélicoïdal bimétallique peut être enroulé autour du piston.
PCT/IL2005/000985 2004-09-14 2005-09-14 Dispositif actionneur a ressort magnetique WO2006030434A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US60955704P 2004-09-14 2004-09-14
US60/609,557 2004-09-14
US65365505P 2005-02-17 2005-02-17
US60/653,655 2005-02-17

Publications (2)

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WO2006030434A2 true WO2006030434A2 (fr) 2006-03-23
WO2006030434A3 WO2006030434A3 (fr) 2006-12-07

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US (1) US20060056993A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006030434A2 (fr)

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US8601990B2 (en) 2007-11-02 2013-12-10 Daimler Ag Valve operating device

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WO2006030434A3 (fr) 2006-12-07

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