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WO2008033046A1 - Procédés de fabrication d'une poudre hautement dispersée à partir d'un matériau polymère et dispositif correspondant - Google Patents

Procédés de fabrication d'une poudre hautement dispersée à partir d'un matériau polymère et dispositif correspondant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008033046A1
WO2008033046A1 PCT/RU2006/000480 RU2006000480W WO2008033046A1 WO 2008033046 A1 WO2008033046 A1 WO 2008033046A1 RU 2006000480 W RU2006000480 W RU 2006000480W WO 2008033046 A1 WO2008033046 A1 WO 2008033046A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
annular
zone
removable sleeve
grinding
housing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/RU2006/000480
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Vadim Gennadievich Nikol'skii
Original Assignee
Obschestvo S Ogranichennoy Otvetstvennostju 'noviy Kauchuk'
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Application filed by Obschestvo S Ogranichennoy Otvetstvennostju 'noviy Kauchuk' filed Critical Obschestvo S Ogranichennoy Otvetstvennostju 'noviy Kauchuk'
Priority to PCT/RU2006/000480 priority Critical patent/WO2008033046A1/fr
Publication of WO2008033046A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008033046A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
    • B02C19/22—Crushing mills with screw-shaped crushing means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
    • B29B17/0404—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling to powder
    • B29B17/0408—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling to powder using cryogenic systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

Definitions

  • a method of obtaining a fine powder of a polymer material and a device for its implementation A method of obtaining a fine powder of a polymer material and a device for its implementation.
  • the invention relates to the field of processing of polymeric materials, in particular to methods and devices for producing powder from polymeric materials, and can be used for grinding synthetic and natural polymeric materials, in particular thermoplastic, crosslinked, polymer composites and their wastes in the form of loose crumb, flap or fibers, including reinforced materials to obtain a fine powder.
  • the process of grinding polymer materials is very energy-intensive, so the effectiveness of various grinding methods is primarily assessed by the magnitude of the specific energy consumption for obtaining the powder.
  • Other important characteristics of the grinding methods are the fractional composition, shape and average size of the obtained powder particles.
  • a known method of producing fine powder from high molecular weight polymer waste including dissolving the waste in solvents at 90 0 C and vigorous stirring to the stage of formation of paraffin-like mass, cooling this mass to room temperature, its mechanical grinding with a mixer, mixing the powder with water, heating to a temperature not exceeding 10 0 C of the polymer melting point in the presence of a large amount of solvent, followed by distilling off the solvent and water vapors, their separation and drying Acquiring powder.
  • the disadvantage of this method is its multi-stage, non-environmental friendliness due to large losses of solvent, as well as high specific energy consumption due to the fact that the work of the destruction of polyethylene and other polymer thermoplastics reaches a maximum precisely in the range 0 ⁇ 20 ° C. At temperatures outside the specified range, the work of the destruction of polymeric materials is significantly reduced.
  • the specific energy consumption for obtaining powders by the low-temperature method that is, the energy consumption for grinding itself and for obtaining the required amount of liquid nitrogen, become very high, reaching 1500-5000 kWh per ton of powder obtained.
  • Another disadvantage of low-temperature grinding is the very low specific surface area of the resulting powders (less than 0.01 ⁇ 0.1 m 2 / g). In many cases, this is highly undesirable, since such powders are characterized by too low chemical and physical interactions with other materials. Therefore, before the practical use of such powders, they have to be additionally subjected to complex and expensive processing.
  • the main disadvantage of this method is that under conditions of sequential, that is, multi-stage grinding, part of the powder particles formed in the first stages of grinding stick together under the influence of compression and heating, the material is monolithized, and in the next stages of grinding, the monolitized sections of the material must be destroyed again.
  • the specific energy consumption for grinding the polymers by this method is increased by almost 1.3–1.6 times as compared to the single-stage method.
  • An additional increase in the energy consumption for obtaining the powder by this method is due to the fact that instead of one cycle (heating the material and its cooling), several successive cycles are used during grinding.
  • the specific energy consumption for obtaining 1 kg of highly dispersed rubber powder in this way increases to 0.45-0.7 kWh.
  • a known method of producing rubber powder in an extrusion type apparatus by two-stage grinding of material first, under conditions of a pulsating volumetric voltage from 15 to 250 MPa, increasing at a speed of 5 to 90 MPa / s, with a frequency of 5-600 Hz at a temperature increasing at a rate of 50 ⁇ 150 ° C / s in the range from 90 to 380 0 C, with simultaneous gas saturation of rubber with cleavage products of plasticizers and other components, and then with a rapid decrease in volumetric stress at a rate of 50-150MPa / s.
  • the method can be carried out with simultaneous strong deformation (stretching) of the rubber, as well as with a decrease in temperature at a rate of from 70 to 150 ° C / s, with the introduction of modifiers into the rubber.
  • the method allows to obtain highly dispersed rubber powders with a specific surface area of 0.4-5.0 m 2 / g from waste rubber tires and rubber products.
  • the disadvantages of this method include its non-ecological nature associated with the release of gaseous cleavage products.
  • Another disadvantage of this method is the difficulty of its implementation, since the process is required to obtain a powder at extremely high values of parameters such as the heating rate of the material, its cooling rate, the rate of increase in volumetric stress, and others. To implement a process with such parameter values, the use of unique, expensive equipment will be required. It is enough to indicate that the heating rate of the material in modern industrial dispersants and in other extrusion-type plants does not exceed 3-30 C / s.
  • Another disadvantage of this method is the overestimated energy costs. In particular, this is determined by the two-stage grinding.
  • the specific energy consumption for grinding rubber in this way reaches 380-430 kWh / t, which is only slightly less than the energy consumption for grinding rubber compared to the method described earlier (Ratepschrift DE 3 332 629 Al, 1985).
  • Closest to the proposed method is a method of producing a powder from a polymeric material, comprising compaction of the material by exposure to shear deformations with increasing pressure from 0.1-0.5 MPa to 3-100 MPa and subsequent grinding under the influence of shear deformations with decreasing pressure and when cooled.
  • the compaction of the material is carried out during cooling and with a shear strain of 1-500, and grinding is carried out with a shear strain of 0.5-1000 and throttling with a speed of Zl O "3 - 1x10 " Wc in a medium with a pressure of 0.01-0.15 MPa.
  • the cooling rate at the grinding stage is 0.3-3 ° C / s.
  • a characteristic feature of this method is that shear heating of the processed material, that is, heating of the material when it is subjected to pressure under conditions of shear deformation, to the desired critical temperature, starting from which grinding becomes possible, occurs at the compaction stage under conditions of cooling the surface of the material , for example, by circulating refrigerant.
  • the method allows for quite efficient grinding of polymeric materials, providing fast heating of large batches of material in a batch or continuous mode without overheating of the material.
  • the method is implemented when creating industrial grinding plants and with its help highly dispersed powders are obtained from polymer materials, in particular from rubber, with a specific surface of 0, ll, 5 m 2 / g.
  • the disadvantage of this method is the high level of energy consumption, since a certain amount of thermal energy released in the sealing zone is taken away by the refrigerant.
  • the coefficient of friction of the polymer material on the metal increases 5-20 times.
  • the energy consumption for moving the material sharply increases, and the specific energy consumption for grinding it cannot be reduced to less than 300-1200 kWh / t.
  • the disadvantages of the method should also include the fact that the powder particles obtained by this method have an underdeveloped surface. This is a consequence of the insufficiently high degree of compaction of the processed material before the grinding stage.
  • the powders obtained by this method are not characterized by a sufficiently high dispersion, which is required when solving a number of practical problems, in particular, when recycling powders.
  • the production of powders with a higher degree of dispersion in the specified method prevents the low cooling rate of the obtained powder particles.
  • a device is known for fine grinding of polymeric materials by the method of “volume-deformed grinding at an elevated temperature”, i.e. method of high temperature shear grinding.
  • the device comprises a cylindrical body with two consecutive along the axis of the housing by working areas - the material supply zone and the destruction zone, as well as openings for loading and unloading the material.
  • a screw is installed on the shaft in the material supply zone, and three rotors and separation washers rigidly connected to the rotors are installed on the shaft in the destruction zone.
  • the rotors are mounted on the shaft with the displacement of their axes.
  • Each rotor with two washers adjacent to its ends forms a material destruction step, and the free space between the surface of each rotor and the cylindrical surface of the housing is divided into a material receiving zone and a material compression zone.
  • corresponding passage holes are made in the separation washers.
  • the chopper is equipped with a cooling system for the housing and shaft together with the rotors.
  • This device allows for sequential multi-stage grinding of the material at elevated temperatures, in particular in the range of 120-124 0 C, to obtain polymer particles of small size.
  • the disadvantages of this device include unjustified energy losses, since the polymer material is heated under cooling conditions of the device. In this case, the powder particles formed at the first and second stages of the process are again compacted in the following compression zones. As a result, additional energy is required to re-grind the compacted areas.
  • the presence of a single pressure screw in the device leads to the fact that when moving the material from the first stage of destruction to the second and from the second stage to the third, the process pressure significantly decreases and, accordingly, the grinding conditions worsen, which leads to a deterioration in the quality of the resulting powder.
  • this device in the processing of tire rubber waste allows you to get no more than 10-15 wt.% Fine rubber powder with a specific surface area of not more than 0.3 m 2 / g, and the total unit costs for obtaining rubber particles reach 450 according to our estimates -500 kWh / t.
  • Device for producing powder from a polymer material by high temperature shear grinding.
  • Device contains a cylindrical body with loading and unloading openings, inside of which a seal chamber and a grinding chamber are arranged sequentially and coaxially.
  • a means of compressing the polymer material is located in the compaction chamber, and coaxially in the grinding chamber, with the formation of a narrow annular gap relative to the inner surface of the grinding chamber housing and with the possibility of rotation, a grinding element made in the form of a throttle valve is installed.
  • the device is equipped with cooling means for the seal chamber body, cooling means for compression means, a grinding element and a grinding chamber case.
  • the device provides highly dispersed powders of rubber and polymer materials of various types in a continuous single-stage mode, and the processed materials are subjected to rapid shear heating in the annular cavity of the grinding chamber located between the compression means and the throttle valve, and then they are crushed in a narrow annular gap between the inner surface of the grinding chamber body and grinding element. In this case, grinding is carried out simultaneously with throttling into a gaseous medium.
  • the disadvantages of this device include high energy costs associated with the fact that the heating of the material to the desired critical temperature is carried out in the gaps between the elements of the device, which are subjected to continuous cooling.
  • the disadvantage is that the particles of the powders obtained using this device do not have a sufficiently developed surface due to the insufficiently high cooling rate of the resulting powder.
  • the device comprises a housing provided with loading and unloading nozzles, inside which two grinding zones are formed.
  • the first grinding zone is formed by a sealing auger with the inter-turn space volume decreasing towards the discharge pipe and the body enclosing it, while the first grinding zone includes a sealing region and a first grinding area.
  • the inner surface of the housing is formed by a conical hole with a slope towards the discharge pipe, and in the first grinding region, the inner surface of the housing is formed by a cylindrical hole.
  • the indicated areas of compaction and grinding are formed on removable sleeves mounted on the shaft and the housing, while the working surfaces of these areas are made on one side of the sleeves, and on the other side of the sleeve helical channels for supplying refrigerant are made.
  • the second grinding zone is formed by an activator, a discharge screw rigidly docked to it and a cylindrical body covering them.
  • the activator is made in the form of a body of revolution, on the surface of which helical grooves of the forward and reverse directions are made, and the unloading auger is located coaxially with the sealing auger.
  • the working surfaces of the activator, the rotation shaft and the housing are made on one side of the sleeve, and on the other side of the sleeve are screw channels for supplying refrigerant (EP N ° 1362681 Al, published November 19, 2003).
  • the specified device provides the processing of the crushed material in conditions of effective heat removal throughout - from the loading to the discharge opening, which helps to increase the productivity of the process.
  • the device provides a temperature reduction at a rate of 70-150 ° C / s.
  • the disadvantages of this device include the absence of any design features that would determine the intense self-heating of the processed material in precisely those sections (zones) of the device where heat loss would be minimal.
  • the material in front of the first grinding zone, the material is subjected to shear heating during its transportation through the spiral channels of the sealing screw, that is, under conditions of intensive extraction of heat generated in the cooling system.
  • the formation of the second grinding zone (at the end of the activator) should be considered as an undesirable phenomenon, which leads to an increase in specific energy consumption and does not allow for rapid cooling of the particles obtained in the first grinding stage, that is, reduces the quality of the processed material.
  • the device also lacks any design features that determine the high cooling rate powder particles obtained in the second stage of grinding, including abnormally high values of the cooling rates of the processed material, as described above (70-150 ° C / s).
  • the objective of the invention is to develop a method for producing a highly dispersed powder from a polymeric material with a developed surface of powder particles while reducing specific energy consumption, as well as developing a device for implementing this method.
  • the problem is solved by a method of producing a highly dispersed powder from a polymeric material, including compaction of the material under pressure from ODMPa to UOMPa under conditions of shear deformations, and subsequent grinding under the influence of shear deformations of 0.5-1000 with pressure reduction and cooling.
  • the seal is carried out in two stages. First, the compaction of the material is carried out with increasing pressure under the influence of shear deformations from OD to 3 under cooling conditions, and then the compaction is carried out while the material is homogenized and heated by the action of shear deformations from 1 to 1000 under isobaric and adiabatic conditions. And grinding is carried out at a cooling rate of 3-49 ° C / s.
  • compaction of a material under the action of shear deformations under isobaric and adiabatic conditions can be carried out for 5–5 ° C.
  • modifying additives including organic and / or inorganic high molecular weight and / or low molecular weight substances, can be introduced into it.
  • mixed wastes of polymeric materials can be used as a polymeric material, and before being compacted, said mixed wastes of polymeric materials are subjected to preliminary mixing.
  • a device for producing powder from a polymeric material containing a hollow body equipped with loading and unloading openings On the inner surface of the housing, a removable sleeve of the housing is rigidly fixed, and inside the housing is coaxial and with the possibility of of rotation, a rotation shaft is installed, on the surface of which a removable sleeve of the rotation shaft is rigidly fixed.
  • the working areas the compression zone and the grinding zone.
  • a pressure screw formed by spiral grooves, which are made on the outer surface of the removable sleeve of the rotation shaft, adjacent to the loading hole, separated by spiral ridges and facilitate the movement of material from the loading hole to the discharge hole.
  • an annular compression chamber is formed between the surface of the pressure screw and the inner surface of the removable sleeve of the housing surrounding it.
  • a retaining grinding element made on the outer surface of the removable sleeve of the shaft of rotation in the form of an annular protrusion, on the surface of which spiral grooves of the forward and / or reverse directions are applied.
  • the inner surface of the removable sleeve of the housing in the grinding zone is cylindrical, while an annular grinding chamber is formed between the surface of the retaining grinding element and the specified inner surface of the removable sleeve of the housing.
  • the device is equipped with a cooling system.
  • the device further comprises working areas located along the axis of the housing: a shear heating zone and a quick cooling zone.
  • the shear heating zone is located between the compression zone and the grinding zone.
  • an annular recess is made on the outer surface of the removable sleeve of the rotation shaft, and also an annular recess is made on the inner surface of the removable sleeve of the housing to form an annular shear heating chamber between the surfaces of the annular recesses.
  • the rapid cooling zone is located immediately after the grinding zone along the progress of the material.
  • an unloading annular groove is made with the formation of an annular chamber of rapid cooling between the surface of the indicated unloading annular groove and the inner surface of the removable sleeve of the casing covering it.
  • the inner surface of the removable sleeve of the housing in the compression zone, in the shear heating zone and in the rapid cooling zone is cylindrical.
  • annular groove is made, with this between the surface of the specified annular grooves and the adjacent surface of the rotation shaft is formed of a closed heat-insulating cavity of the rotation shaft.
  • annular groove is made on the outer surface of the removable sleeve of the housing, and a closed heat-insulating cavity of the housing is formed between the surface of the specified annular groove and the adjacent surface of the housing.
  • the closed heat-insulating cavity of the rotation shaft and / or the closed heat-insulating cavity of the housing is at least partially filled with heat-insulating material.
  • the cooling system is configured to cool the annular compression chamber, the annular grinding chamber and the annular rapid cooling chamber.
  • the spiral grooves of the pressure screw can be made either with a constant depth or with a depth that decreases in
  • the spiral grooves of the pressure screw can be made single or multiple.
  • the width of the annular prechamber of shear heating in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the rotation shaft can be from 8 to 50 mm.
  • the annular recess on the outer surface of the removable sleeve of the rotation shaft in the shear heating zone can be made with a rectangular, trapezoidal or rounded profile, and the length of this annular recess can be 10-60 mm.
  • the average depth of the annular recess made on the inner surface of the removable sleeve of the casing in the shear heating zone can be 0.1-10.0 of the average depth of the annular recess made on the outer surface of the removable sleeve of the casing in the shear heating zone.
  • kneading elements can be arranged in the form protrusions.
  • the height of the kneading elements can be 0.1-0.8 from the average depth of the annular recess on the surface of which they are located, and the kneading elements can be made in the form of diamond-shaped protrusions separated from each other by spiral grooves of the forward and / or reverse direction, having for example a rectangular, trapezoidal or rounded profile.
  • the depth of the discharge ring groove in the rapid cooling zone may be 0.5-20 mm.
  • heat-removing elements can be made, for example, in the form of protrusions of arbitrary shape, the height of which can be 0.25-1.0 of the depth of the unloading annular groove, and which can be arranged statistically or in an ordered manner, for example, along a spiral lines.
  • the average depth of the annular groove made on the inner surface of the removable sleeve of the rotational shaft in the shear heating zone can be 1-1 Ohm.
  • a heat-insulating material with which a closed heat-insulating cavity of a rotation shaft and / or a closed heat-insulating cavity of a housing is partially or partially filled, foam graphite, asbestos, aluminum foil, and air can be used.
  • annular protrusion in the form of which a retaining grinding element is made, can form a single whole with a removable sleeve of the shaft of rotation.
  • the specified annular protrusion can be formed either by one annular removable element or several annular removable elements, which are arranged sequentially one after another on the surface of the removable sleeve of the shaft of rotation and are rigidly fixed to it.
  • the spiral grooves on the surface of these annular removable elements can be made with at least different depths and different directions.
  • the removable sleeve of the housing and / or the removable sleeve of the shaft of rotation can be made two or multi-section. Grooves of the forward and / or reverse direction can be made on the inner surface of the removable sleeve of the housing in the compression zone and / or in the grinding zone and / or in the rapid cooling zone.
  • the above device creates optimal conditions for the implementation of the process of obtaining highly dispersed powder from a polymer material with minimal energy consumption both at the stage of preparing the polymer for shear grinding and at the stage of grinding itself.
  • the preparation of the polymer material for shear grinding that is, compaction of the material and its heating to the required temperature values, is carried out in two stages.
  • the material is compressed by compression under the influence of relatively small shear deformations with increasing pressure and with cooling.
  • This first stage of compaction is implemented in an annular compression chamber, which is formed by the surface of the discharge screw and the inner surface of the removable sleeve of the housing in the compression zone.
  • the indicated inner surface of the removable sleeve of the casing is cylindrical, and due to this circumstance, at the first stage, the material is subjected to insignificant heating under conditions of relatively small deformations and its movement along the annular compression chamber does not require large energy inputs to work against friction forces (the coefficient of friction of polymer materials on metal is sharply increases at temperatures above 80 0 C).
  • the processed material still contains many pores and voids, that is, its structure is still far from the structure of a monolithic material.
  • an annular shear heating chamber of shear heating zone is provided in the device, and two heat-insulating cavities are made in said shear heating zone.
  • the material begins to flow into the annular grinding chamber, where, under the action of shear deformation, it turns into an active, highly dispersed powder characterized by a developed surface of powder particles.
  • the reduction in energy consumption at the grinding stage is facilitated by the fact that grinding is carried out at a high cooling rate. This is ensured by an effective cooling system and the presence of an annular chamber of rapid cooling, and avoids the aggregation of the obtained active powder particles, their compaction, the formation of compacted sections of the material that would need to be crushed again, spending additional energy on this.
  • the cooling system of the device is designed in such a way that only the annular compression chamber, the annular grinding chamber and the annular rapid cooling chamber are subjected to cooling, and the annular shear heating chamber is not subjected to cooling. This additionally leads to a decrease in heat loss and, consequently, to a decrease in specific energy consumption, an increase in productivity and to the production of a finely dispersed active powder characterized by a developed surface of powder particles.
  • annular protrusion which is a retaining grinding element, in the form of a single annular removable element or in the form of several annular removable elements creates certain amenities when operating the specified device, and also extends the functionality of the proposed device.
  • Figure l presents a diagram of the proposed device (in the context), in which, in particular, the supporting grinding element is made integrally with a removable sleeve of the rotation shaft, kneading elements are located on the surface of the annular shear heating chamber, and heat-removing elements are located on the surface of the discharge annular groove elements.
  • Figure 2 presents a diagram of the proposed device (in section), in which, in particular, the supporting grinding element consists of three annular removable elements, kneading elements are located on the surface of the shear prechamber, and heat-removing elements are located on the surface of the discharge ring groove.
  • a scanning electron microscope obtained by scanning electron microscope shows a characteristic particle of crushed rubber (the size of the scale segment is 0.1 mm) obtained in accordance with the proposed method on the proposed device.
  • Figure 4 presents the obtained by scanning electron microscope micrograph of a characteristic particle of crushed rubber (the size of the scale segment is 0.1 mm), obtained in accordance with RF Patent JVs2173634.
  • N ° 2173634 is characterized by larger sizes of microblocks from which the particle is formed, and a significantly larger number of smooth sections.
  • the device for producing a fine powder of polymer material shown in Fig. 1, contains a hollow cylindrical body 1, equipped with a loading hole 2 and an unloading hole 3.
  • a removable sleeve 4 of the housing is rigidly fixed, and inside the housing 1 is coaxial and with the possibility of of rotation, a rotation shaft 5 is installed, on the surface of which a removable sleeve 6 of the rotation shaft is rigidly fixed.
  • the working zones are sequentially located along the axis of the casing: compression zone I, zone II shear heating, grinding zone III and rapid cooling zone IV.
  • a pressure screw 7 is formed, formed by spiral grooves 8, which are made on the outer surface of the removable sleeve 6 of the rotation shaft, at its end that faces the loading hole 2.
  • the spiral grooves 8 are separated by spiral ridges 9 and facilitate the movement of material from a loading hole 2 to the discharge hole 3.
  • annular compression chamber 21 is formed between the surface of the discharge screw 7 and the inner surface of the removable sleeve 4 of the housing.
  • annular recess 10 is made on the outer surface of the removable sleeve b of the rotation shaft, and an annular recess 11 is made on the inner surface of the removable sleeve 4 of the casing to form an annular shear heating chamber 22 between the surfaces of the annular recesses.
  • the closed heat-insulating cavity 15 of the rotation shaft is formed by the surface of the annular groove 17, made in the zone II of shear heating on the inner surface of the removable sleeve b of the rotation shaft, and adjacent to the specified annular groove 17 of the surface of the rotation shaft 5.
  • a closed heat-insulating cavity 16 of the housing is formed by the surface of the annular groove 18, made in the zone II of shear heating on the outer surface of the removable sleeve 4 of the housing, and adjacent to the specified annular groove 18 of the housing surface.
  • annular prechamber 22 of shear heating On the surface of the annular prechamber 22 of shear heating, that is, on the surface of the annular recess 10 and on the surface of the annular recess 11, there are kneading elements 19 in the form of protrusions of arbitrary shape.
  • a retaining grinding element 12 made on the outer surface of the removable sleeve 6 of the rotation shaft in the form of an annular protrusion, which forms a whole with the removable sleeve b of the rotation shaft, while spiral grooves of the forward and / or reverse are applied to the surface of the specified annular protrusion directions.
  • An annular grinding chamber 23 is formed between the surface of the retaining grinding element 12 and the inner surface of the removable sleeve 4 of the housing.
  • zone IV of rapid cooling is located.
  • an unloading annular groove 13 is formed on the outer surface of the removable sleeve 6 of the rotation shaft to form an annular quick cooling chamber 24 between the surface of said unloading annular groove 13 and the inner surface of the removable sleeve 4 of the housing.
  • On the surface of the discharge annular groove 13 are heat-releasing elements 20, made in the form of protrusions of arbitrary shape.
  • the device is equipped with a cooling system 14 configured to cool the annular compression chamber 21, the annular grinding chamber 22, and the annular rapid cooling chamber 24.
  • the device for producing a highly dispersed powder from a polymeric material shown in FIG. 2 is similar to the device shown in FIG. 1, except that the retaining grinding element consists of three annular removable elements.
  • a device for producing a highly dispersed powder from a polymeric material works as follows (using the example of the device shown in FIG. 1).
  • the polymer material subjected to preliminary crushing to a size of 2 ⁇ 12 mm, is poured into the loading hole 2 of the housing 1.
  • the material is cooled by supplying refrigerant to the cooling system 14, which is configured to cool the annular compression chamber 21, the annular grinding chamber 23 and the annular chamber 24 quick cooling.
  • the material, filled in the feed opening 2 enters the annular compression chamber 21 of the compression zone I compression.
  • the material is captured by spiral grooves 8 and spiral ridges 9 of the pressure screw 7, and is compressed by compression under the influence of relatively small shear deformations under increasing pressure during cooling.
  • the material undergoes slight heating and, moving along the annular compression chamber 21, enters the annular shear heating chamber 22 of the shear heating zone II.
  • the second compaction stage is implemented, while the material is subjected to intense shear deformations at constant pressure and under adiabatic conditions, which leads to additional compaction of the material, its homogenization and rapid heating to the required temperature.
  • the specified process is carried out under adiabatic conditions, in particular, due to the presence of two heat-insulating cavities, which are partially or completely filled with heat-insulating material: a closed heat-insulating cavity 15 of the rotation shaft and a closed heat-insulating cavity 16 of the housing.
  • the closed heat-insulating cavity 15 of the rotation shaft is formed by an annular groove 17, which is made on the inner surface of the removable sleeve 6 of the rotation shaft in the shear heating zone II, and the surface of the rotation shaft 5 adjacent to the ring groove.
  • a closed heat-insulating cavity 16 of the housing is formed by an annular groove 18, which is made on the outer surface of the removable sleeve 4 of the housing in the zone II of shear heating, and adjacent to the specified annular groove of the surface of the housing.
  • the heat generated in the annular prechamber 22 of shear heating is used to heat the material being processed.
  • the material When the temperature of the processed material reaches the shear in the annular prechamber 22 heating the minimum temperature value necessary for shear grinding, the material begins to enter the annular grinding chamber 23 of grinding zone III, in which the retaining grinding element 12 is located. Under the action of shear deformations, when the pressure decreases and when cooling, the processed material turns into an active fine powder, the particles of which are characterized developed surface, and grinding is carried out at a high cooling rate.
  • the resulting powder instantly enters the annular rapid cooling chamber 24 of the rapid cooling zone IV and is cooled in the indicated annular rapid cooling chamber 24, which is formed by the surface of the discharge annular groove 13 and the inner surface of the removable sleeve 4 of the housing in the rapid cooling zone IV.
  • the presence on the surface of the discharge annular groove 13 of the heat-removing elements 20 contributes to a more efficient heat removal from the obtained powder.
  • the obtained highly dispersed and active powder characterized by a developed surface of powder particles, is poured out of the discharge opening 3.
  • the device for producing a fine powder of a polymer material works similarly to the device shown in figure 1.
  • the following are examples that illustrate, but do not exhaust, the proposed method for producing highly dispersed powder from a polymeric material and a device for its implementation.
  • the material processed into the feed opening enters the annular compression chamber, where it is captured by the pressure screw and transported to the annular shear heating chamber, undergoing gradual compaction under the action of a shear strain of 1, under conditions of increasing pressure from 0.1 MPa to 25 MPa and upon cooling.
  • the material is subjected to a shear strain of 5 in isobaric and adiabatic conditions.
  • the processed material is additionally compacted, homogenized, and heated to a temperature of 102 ° C.
  • Adiabatic conditions are ensured, in particular, by the presence of two heat-insulating cavities in the shear heating zone. Having reached a high degree of compaction and a heated layer of material enters the annular grinding chamber, in which the material is subjected to a shear strain of 0.5, with a decrease in pressure and cooling at a rate of 8 ° C / s to obtain a highly dispersed active polymer powder, particles of which are characterized by developed surface.
  • the resulting powder instantly enters the annular chamber of rapid cooling, in which it is cooled, after which a slightly clumping powder with a temperature of 34 ° C is poured from the discharge opening, which after sifting on a sieve with a mesh size of 0.3 mm gives a residue of 15 wt.%.
  • Specific energy consumption for processing 1 kg. the crushed material is 0.15 kWh / kg.
  • polymer powder material is carried out analogously to example 1.
  • the material to be ground, the parameters of the process pressure increase interval, shear strain values during compaction and grinding, maximum temperature, cooling rate), the characteristics of the obtained powder and specific energy consumption are given in the table.
  • Example 17 a micrograph of a characteristic rubber powder particle (scale segment size is 0.1 mm) obtained under the conditions of Example 17 illustrates a fairly well developed surface of the powder particle. Examples 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, and 25.
  • Obtaining a powder polymer material is carried out in accordance with the prototype method according to the patent of the Russian Federation Na2173634 in the device according to the specified patent.
  • the material to be ground, process parameters (pressure increase interval, shear strain values during compaction and grinding, maximum temperature, powder cooling rate), characteristics of the obtained powder and specific energy consumption are given in the table.
  • FIG 4 is a micrograph of a characteristic particle of crushed rubber (the size of the scale segment is 0.1 mm), obtained under the conditions of Example 18, illustrates the fact that the surface of the powder particle is characterized by larger sizes of microblocks from which the particle is formed, in comparison with the particle, obtained by the proposed method, and also illustrates the fact that the particle surface is characterized by a significantly large number of smooth sections.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif de fabrication d'une poudre hautement dispersée à partir d'un matériau polymère. Dans ce procédé, le matériau est compacté en deux stades : d'abord lors de l'augmentation de la pression de 0,1 MPa à 100 MPa et l'action de la déformation de cisaillement de 0,1 à 3 dans des conditions de refroidissement puis, lors d'une homogénéisation et un réchauffement simultanés, sous l'action de la déformation de cisaillement de 1 à 1000dans des conditions isobariques et adiabatiques. Le matériau est broyé sous l'action de la déformation de cisaillement de 1 à 1000, dans des conditions d'une baisse de pression et d'un refroidissement à une vitesse de 3-49°C/sec. Le dispositif comprend un corps cylindrique creux (1) à la surface duquel on a fixé rigide une douille amovible (4). A l'intérieur du corps on a monté un arbre de rotation (5) à la surface duquel on a fixé rigidement une douille amovible (6) de l'arbre de rotation. Le long de l'axe du corps on a disposé l'une après l'autre des zones de compression (I), de réchauffement par cisaillement (II), de broyage (III) et de refroidissement rapide (IV). Dans la zone (I) on a monté une vis d'injection (7) avec des rainures en spirale séparées par des saillies en spirale (9). Dans la zone (II) on aréalisé des logements annulaires (10) et (11) formant une préchambre annulaire (22) de réchauffement par cisaillement. Dans la zone (III) on a disposé un élément de support de broyage (12) entre la surface duquel et la surface interne de la douille amovible (4) du corps on a formé une chambre de broyage annulaire (23).
PCT/RU2006/000480 2006-09-12 2006-09-12 Procédés de fabrication d'une poudre hautement dispersée à partir d'un matériau polymère et dispositif correspondant WO2008033046A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

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PCT/RU2006/000480 WO2008033046A1 (fr) 2006-09-12 2006-09-12 Procédés de fabrication d'une poudre hautement dispersée à partir d'un matériau polymère et dispositif correspondant

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PCT/RU2006/000480 WO2008033046A1 (fr) 2006-09-12 2006-09-12 Procédés de fabrication d'une poudre hautement dispersée à partir d'un matériau polymère et dispositif correspondant

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN120382581A (zh) * 2025-06-30 2025-07-29 海丰县小山塑胶实业有限公司 一种塑胶制品生产用智能输送设备

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU1022735A1 (ru) * 1979-06-26 1983-06-15 Московский Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Институт Нефтехимической И Газовой Промышленности Им.И.М.Губкина Способ измельчени полимерного материала
RU2057013C1 (ru) * 1994-02-07 1996-03-27 Акционерное общество закрытого типа "Родан" Способ получения порошка из полимерного материала и устройство для его осуществления
RU2123506C1 (ru) * 1996-09-25 1998-12-20 Борис Герасимович Беседин Способ изготовления изделий из отходов мягких полимерных материалов
RU2173634C1 (ru) * 2000-08-23 2001-09-20 Балыбердин Владимир Николаевич Способ получения порошка из полимерного материала и устройство для его осуществления (варианты)
EP1362681A1 (fr) * 2002-06-04 2003-11-19 Chemplast GmbH Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication de poudre de caoutchouc à haute activité à partir de déchets de caoutchouc

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU1022735A1 (ru) * 1979-06-26 1983-06-15 Московский Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Институт Нефтехимической И Газовой Промышленности Им.И.М.Губкина Способ измельчени полимерного материала
RU2057013C1 (ru) * 1994-02-07 1996-03-27 Акционерное общество закрытого типа "Родан" Способ получения порошка из полимерного материала и устройство для его осуществления
RU2123506C1 (ru) * 1996-09-25 1998-12-20 Борис Герасимович Беседин Способ изготовления изделий из отходов мягких полимерных материалов
RU2173634C1 (ru) * 2000-08-23 2001-09-20 Балыбердин Владимир Николаевич Способ получения порошка из полимерного материала и устройство для его осуществления (варианты)
EP1362681A1 (fr) * 2002-06-04 2003-11-19 Chemplast GmbH Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication de poudre de caoutchouc à haute activité à partir de déchets de caoutchouc

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN120382581A (zh) * 2025-06-30 2025-07-29 海丰县小山塑胶实业有限公司 一种塑胶制品生产用智能输送设备

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