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WO2008145765A2 - Électrode et dispositif de mesure de l'activité électrique dans un tissu a l'activité électrique - Google Patents

Électrode et dispositif de mesure de l'activité électrique dans un tissu a l'activité électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008145765A2
WO2008145765A2 PCT/EP2008/056801 EP2008056801W WO2008145765A2 WO 2008145765 A2 WO2008145765 A2 WO 2008145765A2 EP 2008056801 W EP2008056801 W EP 2008056801W WO 2008145765 A2 WO2008145765 A2 WO 2008145765A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode
base body
fixing element
electrode according
electrode base
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2008/056801
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2008145765A3 (fr
Inventor
Detlef Behrend
Klaus-Peter Schmitz
Hans Wilhelm Pau
Katrin Sternberg
Wolfram Schmidt
Original Assignee
Med-El Elektromedizinische Geräte G.M.B.H.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Med-El Elektromedizinische Geräte G.M.B.H. filed Critical Med-El Elektromedizinische Geräte G.M.B.H.
Publication of WO2008145765A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008145765A2/fr
Publication of WO2008145765A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008145765A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6846—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
    • A61B5/6879—Means for maintaining contact with the body
    • A61B5/6882—Anchoring means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
    • A61B5/279—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses
    • A61B5/296—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electromyography [EMG]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02—Details
    • A61N1/04—Electrodes
    • A61N1/05—Electrodes for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode

Definitions

  • Electrode and measuring device for measuring the electrical activity in an electrically active tissue
  • the present invention relates to an electrode and to a measuring device for measuring the action current and / or the action potential of an electrically active tissue, in particular the present invention relates to a monopolar stapedius muscle electrode for measuring the action potential generated in a contraction of the stapedius muscle.
  • the human ear can be subdivided into the areas outer ear (auricle), middle ear and inner ear.
  • the middle ear consists of the eardrum and the ossicles hammer, anvil and stirrup.
  • the eardrum is vibrated via the outer ear incoming sound waves. These vibrations can now be transmitted via the hammer, anvil and stirrup to the oval window of the inner ear, which in turn generates sound vibrations in the fluid of the cochlea.
  • hair cells projecting into the cochlea are bent, triggering nerve impulses.
  • a mechanical impedance transformation takes place, which allows optimal transmission of the sound signal from the outer ear to the inner ear.
  • the eardrum muscle and the so-called stapedius muscle are located in the middle ear.
  • the tympanic muscle is articulated to the hammer, with the stapedius muscle connected to the stirrup via a tendon.
  • both muscles contract reflexively, so that the mechanical coupling of the eardrum to the inner ear (and thus the power transmission) is reduced. This is a protection of the inner ear possible before too high sound pressure.
  • the tension of the stapedius muscle which is triggered by high sound pressure, is also called a stapedius reflex. From the diagnosis of the stapedius reflex it is possible to obtain medically relevant information about the functionality of the ear.
  • the measurement of the stapedius reflex is useful for setting or calibrating so-called cochlear implants, since the sound sensed by a patient can be deduced from the measured stapedius reflex.
  • the electrode has an elongated electrode base body having a first end and a second end, wherein the electrode is formed such that it can be guided through a tissue only in a forward direction along the longitudinal axis of the electrode body.
  • the electrode body has means for permanently or temporarily mechanically blocking the movement of the electrode through a tissue in a backward direction along the longitudinal axis of the electrode body.
  • a backward sliding out (backward movement) of the electrode can be avoided.
  • a tissue-preserving fixation of the electrode is possible.
  • the electrode according to the invention can be removed in a simple manner by moving it further in the forward direction through the tissue and thus removing it from the tissue.
  • conventional electrodes are removed from the tissue at the back. Therefore, there is no sense in (mechanical) blocking the movement of the electrode in the backward direction along the longitudinal axis.
  • the electrode body is flexible and has at least one passive or active fixing element.
  • at least three passive or active fixing elements are circumferentially arranged on the Elektroden ground- body and the fixing elements are arranged from one another at the same angle in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (evenly distributed).
  • the at least one fixing element is formed by a hook or by a spring.
  • the electrode main body has a hollow channel for supplying a gas or a liquid into an airtight / liquid-tight interior of the at least one fixing element, wherein the position of the at least one fixing element with respect to the electrode base body via the internal pressure of the at least one fixing element is variable , Preferably, the distance of a distal end of the electrode body from the at least one fixing element on the internal pressure of the at least one fixing element is variable.
  • the position of the fixing elements can be adjusted by supplying a gas or a liquid via the hollow channel of the electrode base body in such a way that movement of the electrode base body along the longitudinal axis is blocked.
  • After the measurement it is then possible to reduce the internal pressure and thus to allow the movement of the electrode base body along the longitudinal axis to remove the electrode again.
  • the at least one fixing element is elastic and / or resilient.
  • the at least one fixing element is connected to the electrode base body at a first end, wherein a second end of the fixing element is arranged to be freely movable in a plane which comprises the longitudinal axis of the electrode base body.
  • the at least one fixing element is pivotally arranged in an angular range between 15 ° and 75 °.
  • the at least one fixing element is cylindrical or conical.
  • the at least one fixing element has a longitudinal extent of 0.5 to 1.0 mm and / or a diameter of 0.1 to 1.0 mm.
  • the at least one fixing element consists of a shape memory alloy, preferably NiTi.
  • the fixing element preferably consists of a material from the group CrCoMo, Pt, PtIr, NiTi, Ti and TiAl4V6.
  • the use of shape memory alloys allows not only high elasticity but also the use of shape memory.
  • the necessary temperature can be supplied by an electric heater (the electrode itself as resistance wire) or body heat (max 37 ° C).
  • a removal of temperature is preferably not controlled, but by body fluid, eg circulation, to 37 ° C, if it was previously higher. It is therefore possible, for example,proofspreizen the fixing elements by supplying heat from the electrode body, so that they engage in the surrounding tissue and thereby block movement of the electrode body along the longitudinal axis. After the measurement, it is then possible to reduce the temperature of the fixing elements (active or passive by heat transport to surrounding tissue or body fluid) and thus to allow the movement of the electrode body along the longitudinal axis to remove the electrode again.
  • the electrode has a means for heating the at least one fixing element.
  • the electrode base body is cylindrical (or hollow cylindrical).
  • the elongated electrode base body has a diameter of 0.1 mm to 2.0 mm.
  • the electrode base body preferably has an axial bending stiffness between 2 to 55 N mm 2 (more preferably 20 to 30 N mm 2 ) and more preferably 25 N mm 2 .
  • the fixing elements are preferably arranged in the range between 5 to 40% of the length of the electrode base body relative to the distal tip of the electrode base body (more preferably 10 to 20%) and more preferably 15%.
  • the at least one fixing element or the electrode base body in the region of the at least one fixing element has a temporary, water-soluble adhesive bond.
  • the water-soluble adhesive is a biocompatible adhesive based on peptide or polyurethane.
  • the water-soluble adhesive composition is disposed on the electrode (in an amount / concentration) such that the water-soluble adhesive composition is dissolved by tissue fluid at a temperature of 30 ° to 40 ° within a time interval of 5 seconds to 2 minutes.
  • the adhesive is used to attach the passive or active fixation elements to the electrode.
  • the adhesive bond should be released after a few seconds to a maximum of 2 minutes to set up the fixing elements.
  • the required liquid is free tissue fluid. It is therefore possible, for example, to fix the fixing elements by means of the temporary, water-soluble adhesive bond in such a way that they closely fit against the electrode base body and thus the movement of the electrode base body along the longitudinal axis is possible for insertion of the electrode into the tissue.
  • the adhesive bond dissolves, so that the fixing elements (brought into their normal position and therefore) are spread apart by the electrode body, so that they engage in the surrounding tissue and thereby block movement of the electrode body along the longitudinal axis. Then, the measurement can be made because there is a secure fixation of the electrode.
  • the elongate electrode main body preferably has a length of 1.0 mm to 5.0 mm (particularly preferably 1.8 mm to 2.2 mm).
  • the electrode is formed as a monopolar electrode.
  • the elongate electrode main body preferably has an electrically conductive core and an electrically insulating jacket.
  • the electrically conductive core of the electrode base body is exposed only in the region of the at least one fixing element.
  • that is first end of the electrode body tapering tapered (tapered) formed.
  • the second end of the electrode body is frictionally and releasably connected by means of a resilient clamping connection with an electrically conductive connecting wire.
  • a measuring device for measuring the electrical activity in an electrically active tissue comprising: an electrode according to at least one of the aforementioned features, wherein the electrode is connected to an electrically conductive connecting wire, and wherein the connecting wire with a Voltage meter or a power meter is connected.
  • the electrode is non-positively and releasably connected by means of a resilient clamping connection with an electrically conductive connecting wire.
  • the voltage measuring device is preferably designed to measure the electrical potential applied between the first electrode and the second electrode in the range from +100 mV to-100 mV (preferably +40 mV to -90 mV).
  • a method for determining the action current and / or the action potential of a human electrically active tissue wherein an electrode according to any one of the preceding features is introduced into the active tissue from a first direction and the movement of the electrode is mechanically blocked by the tissue along the longitudinal axis of the electrode body, subsequently measuring the action current and / or the action potential of the tissue, and subsequently pushing the electrode in the same direction in which it was pushed into the tissue through the tissue and thus removed ,
  • FIG. 1 shows a measuring device according to the invention for measuring the
  • Action potential of a stapedius muscle in a schematic, perspective view, wherein the fixing elements of the electrode are outside of the stapedius muscle
  • FIG. 2 shows a measuring device according to the invention for measuring the action potential of a stapedius muscle in a schematic, perspective view, wherein the fixation elements are located within the stapedius muscle (during the
  • FIG. 3a, 3b an electrode according to the invention with three circumferential, spread (unfolded) fixing elements in a schematic, perspective view and
  • the measuring arrangement according to the invention consists of a monopolar electrode which has an elongate, flexible electrode base body 1.
  • this main electrode body 1 consists of a hollow cylindrical, electrically conductive material which is electrically insulated from its surroundings by means of an insulating jacket.
  • the first end 3 of the electrode main body 1 is preferably designed to be tapered.
  • the second end 4 of the electrode base body 1 is electrically connected to a voltage measuring device 10 via a preferably electrically insulated connecting wire 11.
  • the isolated electrode base body 1 has one or more exposed areas (not shown), via which the potential within the stapedius muscle 2 can be measured by means of the tension measuring device 10. Since the electrode according to the invention is used in the present embodiment as a monopolar electrode, the action potential of the stapedius muscle, for example, against mass or against a reference potential 12 can be measured.
  • the electrode has at least one, but preferably a plurality of fixing elements 5.
  • These fixing elements 5 are suitable for mechanically blocking the movement of the electrode main body 1 along its longitudinal axis (FIG. 2).
  • the fixing elements 5 are hook-shaped and arranged circumferentially at an angle of 120 ° to each other.
  • the first ends 8 are connected to the electrode main body 1 and the second ends 9 are freely pivotable.
  • the fixing elements 5 are pivotable with respect to the longitudinal axis of the electrode base body 1 at an angle of 15 ° to 75 °.
  • the hook-shaped fixing elements 5 fold tightly against the electrode base body due to the advancing movement through the tissue (FIGS. 4a and 4b). This means that the second ends 9 of the fixing elements 5 rest tightly against the electrode base body 1, and thus allow a simple advance of the electrode base body 1 into (or through) the tissue of the stapedius muscle 2.
  • the invention provides that the hook-shaped fixing elements 5 are spread apart within the stapedius muscle 2 and thus a movement of the electrode base body 1 is mechanically blocked along its longitudinal axis (FIGS. 2 and 3). As a result, a reliable measurement of the potential of the stapedius muscle 2 via the connecting wire 11 is possible. It is particularly preferred that the uncovered region of the electrode base body 1, via which the measurement of the potential takes place, is located in the region of the fixing elements 5 of the base body 1 (but not arranged on the fixing elements 5). The fixing elements 5 themselves do not have to be electrically conductive.
  • a fixation or a spreading can be achieved in different ways, for example by movement of the electrode body in the backward direction 7, whereby the hook-shaped elements 5 due to their limited pivoting (of preferably 75 °) respect.
  • the forward direction 6 are spread and to a blockage of the electrode to lead.
  • a further, alternative possibility consists in spreading the fixing elements 5 consisting of a shape memory alloy (preferably also the electrode base body made of a shape memory alloy) by means of a corresponding heat supply in order to realize a mechanical blocking of the electrode main body 1.
  • Another possibility is to fix the fixing elements 5 by means of a temporary, water-soluble adhesive before the measurement such that the second ends 9 of the fixing elements (as shown in Fig.
  • the electrode can be introduced together with the fixing elements 5 in the stapedius muscle 2. Due to the surrounding tissue fluid, the compound (triggered in time) is released and the fixing elements 5 are spread open, which leads to a mechanical blocking of the electrode in the stapedius muscle 2, whereby a secure fixation of the electrode and therefore a reliable measurement can be ensured. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Measurement And Recording Of Electrical Phenomena And Electrical Characteristics Of The Living Body (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une électrode ainsi qu'un dispositif de mesure permettant de mesurer le courant d'action et / ou le potentiel d'action d'un tissu à l'activité électrique. Le but de l'invention consiste à indiquer une électrode simple, dont la fabrication est peu coûteuse, pour mesurer des courants d'action et / ou des potentiels d'action dans des tissus à l'activité électrique, cette électrode devant garantir, d'une part, une fixation sure mais réversible et, d'autre part, traumatiser le moins possible le tissu musculaire. L'invention propose une électrode avec un corps de base allongé (1) comprenant une première extrémité (3) et une seconde extrémité (4), ladite électrode étant formée de telle manière qu'elle ne peut être dirigée à travers un tissu (2) que vers l'avant (6) le long de l'axe longitudinal du corps de base de l'électrode (1).
PCT/EP2008/056801 2007-06-01 2008-06-02 Électrode et dispositif de mesure de l'activité électrique dans un tissu a l'activité électrique WO2008145765A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007026057.3 2007-06-01
DE102007026057A DE102007026057A1 (de) 2007-06-01 2007-06-01 Elektrode und Messvorrichtung zur Messung der elektrischen Aktivität in einem elektrisch aktiven Gewebe

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008145765A2 true WO2008145765A2 (fr) 2008-12-04
WO2008145765A3 WO2008145765A3 (fr) 2009-03-19

Family

ID=39719973

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2008/056801 WO2008145765A2 (fr) 2007-06-01 2008-06-02 Électrode et dispositif de mesure de l'activité électrique dans un tissu a l'activité électrique

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Country Link
DE (1) DE102007026057A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008145765A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014009387A1 (de) 2014-06-25 2015-12-31 Universität Rostock Messvorrichtung zur mechanoelektrischen Messung und Monitoring physiologischer Aktivitäten in einem elektrisch evozierten Stapediusmuskelgewebe (KEHRT-Sensor)
US20180020944A1 (en) * 2015-01-20 2018-01-25 Med-El Elektromedizinische Geraete Gmbh Stapedius Muscle Reflex Recording Electrode with a Sacrificial Part
DE102015010272A1 (de) 2015-08-08 2017-02-09 Universität Rostock Messvorrichtung zur mechanoelektrischen Messung und Monitoring physiologischer Aktivitäten in einem elektrisch evozierten Stapediusmuskelgewebe (eKEHRT-Sensor)

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6208882B1 (en) 1998-06-03 2001-03-27 Advanced Bionics Corporation Stapedius reflex electrode and connector
WO2001002053A1 (fr) * 1999-07-07 2001-01-11 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Ensemble electrode endocavitaire presentant des caracteristiques de fixation conductrices
US6584345B2 (en) * 2001-03-13 2003-06-24 Biosense, Inc. Apparatus and method for measuring a plurality of electrical signals from the body of a patient
US20050070981A1 (en) * 2003-09-29 2005-03-31 Sumit Verma Active fixation coronary sinus lead apparatus
DE102004035903A1 (de) * 2004-07-20 2006-02-16 Biotronik Vi Patent Ag Fixierung für implantierbare Elektroden und Katheder
US8489189B2 (en) * 2004-10-29 2013-07-16 Medtronic, Inc. Expandable fixation mechanism
US20070100411A1 (en) * 2005-10-27 2007-05-03 Medtronic, Inc. Implantable medical electrical stimulation lead fixation method and apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102007026057A1 (de) 2008-12-11
WO2008145765A3 (fr) 2009-03-19

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