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WO2009004361A1 - Module d'antenne à caractéristiques de faisceau et de polarisation réglables - Google Patents

Module d'antenne à caractéristiques de faisceau et de polarisation réglables Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2009004361A1
WO2009004361A1 PCT/GB2008/050479 GB2008050479W WO2009004361A1 WO 2009004361 A1 WO2009004361 A1 WO 2009004361A1 GB 2008050479 W GB2008050479 W GB 2008050479W WO 2009004361 A1 WO2009004361 A1 WO 2009004361A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
module
arms
pcb
connecting circuit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2008/050479
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Devis Iellici
Simon Philip Kingsley
Steve Krupa
Michael Gaynor
Original Assignee
Antenova Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Antenova Limited filed Critical Antenova Limited
Publication of WO2009004361A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009004361A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
    • H01Q9/285—Planar dipole

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to an antenna module with adjustable beam and polarisation characteristics, comprising a pair of antenna arms with interconnecting circuitry and an optional integrated radio component.
  • a problem to be solved is to create an antenna that occupies a small space and requires little or no customisation when installed on many different types of platform, especially when such platforms have a full groundplane. Such an antenna would then make it economically feasible to create radio-antenna modules and thus advance the integration process.
  • a module adapted for connection to a printed circuit board (PCB) or printed wiring board (PWB) of an electronic communications device, the module comprising an antenna having respective left and right antenna arms, and the arms being electrically connected to each other by a connecting circuit that provides a single external feed connection for the antenna, wherein, when connected to the PCB or PWB and fed with a signal, the antenna and optionally the connecting circuit generate at least a partial image current in a groundplane of the PCB or PWB, wherein the connecting circuit is configured to apply a variable or adjustable phase difference between the arms so as to allow a beam generated by the antenna to be steered, and wherein the connecting circuit is additionally configured to adjust a phase relationship between the arms and the image current so as to create a degree of signal polarisation.
  • PCB printed circuit board
  • PWB printed wiring board
  • a module containing at least an antenna and passive driving circuit, and preferentially with an active radio circuit or RFIC (radio frequency integrated circuit) has been developed.
  • the aforementioned circuit(s) is(are) the connective circuit of the preceding paragraph.
  • the module is small enough for use in a handset and will work over a PCB groundplane.
  • the module may be used as a stand-alone antenna but it has been designed primarily to work with the radio.
  • the antenna and radio may be etched on the same PCB, although this is not a necessary requirement for the invention to work.
  • An antenna module of embodiments of the present invention may be mounted as a vertical 'blade' above a horizontal PCB (such as the main PCB of a mobile phone handset) and so occupies minimum PCB space. Furthermore, by including the radio on the module, the main PCB space that the radio would have occupied is also saved.
  • the antenna structure comprises left and right antenna arms and a circuit to connect them so as to provide, for example, a conventional single-ended 50-ohm feed point.
  • the connecting circuit may be passive or active and may connect directly to a radio (when present) or through some appropriate filtering network.
  • This connecting circuit creates an adjustable or variable phase difference between the two arms. There are many ways of creating a variable phase structure but probably the simplest is the bridge circuit shown in Figure 2.
  • Each of the antenna arms may in turn be fed from the connecting circuit part of the way along the length of the respective antenna arm. This is similar to an elevated feed monopole but with the preferable addition of some spiralling or meandering to reduce the overall length of each arm.
  • Figure 3 shows a typical configuration. In effect the structure is similar to a pair of elevated-feed grounded monopoles fed by a bridge phase shifting circuit. Other forms of meandered antenna structures have been tested and these work similarly.
  • the connecting circuit carries out three important functions. Firstly, it creates a matching network so that if the antenna behaves differently in different applications it can be re-matched to the desired single-ended impedance, for example 50 ohms, and onto the correct frequency.
  • the PCB requires no re-design to do this, only the selection of appropriate surface mount components to achieve the correct matching.
  • the connecting circuit can be used to control the relative phase of the two antenna arms and their phase with respect to ground.
  • the appropriate choice of phase can be used to modify or improve the polarization state (linear, circular, etc.) of the antenna.
  • Right hand circular polarisation (RHCP) is important in some applications such as when receiving GPS signals. Left hand circular polarisation can also be created.
  • RHCP with an electrically small antenna.
  • Such methods include the helix antenna and its variants such as the quadrifilar helix, the microstrip patch with an appropriate feed mechanism and crossed dipole antennas with an appropriate feed mechanism.
  • RHCP is usually created by driving a pair of physically orthogonal structures with two separate RF signals, identical in frequency and amplitude but carrying a 90 degree difference in phase.
  • a single linear antenna structure is used but the combination of the current flowing in the antenna and the partial image current flowing on the PCB may be used to create RHCP. This is demonstrated in Figure 4.
  • the phasing of the connecting circuit is an essential part of getting the right phase between the two currents and creating RHCP.
  • FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment mounted on a main PCB;
  • FIGURE 2 is a circuit diagram showing a bridge-type connector circuit
  • FIGURE 3 is a schematic elevation view of a further embodiment of the present invention showing how the lengths of the antenna arms can be varied;
  • FIGURE 4 is a plan view of an embodiment of the present invention mounted on a main PCB and showing the direction of an antenna current and a corresponding image current in the PCB;
  • FIGURE 5 shows an embodiment of the present invention mounted at an edge of the main PCB in a first configuration
  • FIGURE 6 shows an embodiment of the present invention mounted at an edge of the main PCB in a second configuration.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a main PCB 1 of a handset, the PCB 1 including a conductive groundplane (not shown).
  • a module 2 of an embodiment of the present invention comprising a PCB 3 on which is mounted a radio component 4 inside a conductive shielding case 5, and respective left and right hand antenna arms 6, 7 etched onto the PCB 3 is mounted on the main PCB 1 in a substantially perpendicular manner by way of a connector 8, which connects to a single feed point for the antenna arms 6, 7.
  • a connecting circuit 9 (not visible in Figure 1 but located behind the radio component 4) connects the two antenna arms 6, 7 and also connects to the single feed point, which may be configured as a conventional, single-ended 50 ohm feed point.
  • FIG. 2 shows an appropriate form of connecting circuit 9 configured as a bridge circuit comprising a pair of capacitors Ci and C 2 , and a pair of inductors L 1 and L 2 .
  • the single feed point is located at 1 1 , and the bridge circuit is grounded at 10.
  • a radio transceiver component 4 is connected at 1 1.
  • Each of the left and right hand antenna arms 6, 7 is configured as a PIFA having a ground connection 12.
  • the bridge circuit 9 acts as a phase shifting circuit between the respective antenna arms 6, 7.
  • the antenna arms 6, 7 may have a spiral configuration as shown in order to reduce space, but other configurations may be employed.
  • FIG. 3 is a front elevation view of a module embodying the present invention.
  • the radio component 4 and connecting circuit 9 are not shown only in outline, but the left and right antenna arms 6, 7 are shown in detail.
  • the antenna arms 6, 7 are formed as etched spiral tracks on the PCB 3, as are the ground connections 12.
  • the antenna arms 6, 7 each have a feed point 13, 14 that is connected to the appropriate part of the connecting circuit 9.
  • Each antenna arm 6, 7 is independently adjustable in length by way of the provision of short circuit connections 15 on each arm.
  • the short circuit connections 15 may take the form of pads to which zero ohm resistors may be reflowed during manufacture of the module.
  • the zero ohm resistors or the like may be electronically switched in and out so as to provide dynamic variation in length of the antenna arms 6, 7.
  • the effective lengths of the antenna arms 6, 7 may be continuously electronically varied by the insertion of series varactor diodes into the arms 6, 7 or shunt varactor diodes connecting the arms 6, 7 to ground.
  • Figure 4 shows a module of an embodiment of the present invention (the PCB is indicated at 3) mounted at an edge of a main PCB 1 , substantially perpendicular thereto.
  • a combination of the current 16 flowing in the antenna and the resulting partial image current 17 flowing in the groundplane of the main PCB 1 may be used to create right (or left) hand circular polarisation.
  • Figures 5 and 6 show two variations in which the module is mounted to an edge of the main PCB 1 without a lower edge of the module PCB 3 actually resting on an upper surface of the main PCB 1.
  • the module is dropped down relative to the upper surface of the main PCB 1 and hangs from the edge thereof.
  • a cut-out 18 is provided at the edge of the main PCB 1 to allow the module to be mounted in the cut-out 18 without projecting beyond the profile of the main PCB 1.
  • This arrangement still allows a partial image current to be created in the groundplane of the main PCB 1 by way of capacitive coupling.
  • the two arms 6, 7 of the antenna are fed with a 180 degree phase shift.
  • This turns the antenna into a structure similar to gamma-fed dipole.
  • the advantage of a dipole, being a fully balanced antenna structure, is that it has the maximum immunity from groundplane effects, such as changes in the size of the groundplane from one application to another.
  • the dipole still creates partial image currents in the groundplane and is not completely immune to groundplane effects. The image is only partial because the antenna sits at one edge of the groundplane.
  • a disadvantage of the dipole is that it is the narrowest in bandwidth of all the possible configurations of this antenna and often has the lowest efficiency.
  • the two arms 6, 7 of the antenna are fed with a phase shift other than 180 degrees.
  • the combination of this unbalanced structure and its partial image in the groundplane confers some remarkable and unexpected advantages.
  • variations in the phase between the two halves of the antenna structure cause a change in the radiation pattern.
  • the changes are marked and can cause the direction of peak radiation to be switched from one side of the main PCB 1 to the other.
  • the module can be made to radiate upwards or downwards depending on the phase setting.
  • the degree of RHCP also changes when the phase is adjusted.
  • one part of the antenna is grounded. This might be achieved with the simple bridge structure by replacing C 2 with a zero-ohm resistor and omitting component L 1 . This has the effect of grounding the left hand arm 6 of the structure.
  • the right hand arm 7 continues to be connected to the radio 4 through Ci and any other components that may be introduced to improve matching.
  • the right hand arm 7 becomes a driven monopole and the left hand arm 6 becomes a parasitic monopole.
  • This structure might be considered a special case of the second embodiment.
  • the advantage of this arrangement is to create more options in terms of beam position and degree of RHCP.
  • an electronic switching circuit is used to switch between the first three embodiments and variations thereof.
  • Switching might be accomplished through the use of PIN diodes, MEMs devices and the like.
  • the importance of switching the values in the connecting circuit lies in the consequent switching of the beam position and the antenna beam diversity that this creates.
  • Antenna diversity is an important aspect of many modern radio systems.
  • an electronic tuning circuit is used to adjust continuously between the first three embodiments and variations thereof. Tuning might be most simply accomplished by replacing Ci and C 2 with varactor diodes and applying a variable DC voltage to these diodes. Controllable antenna diversity can be created this way.
  • an antenna is provided having the same structure as in the previous embodiments, but with the module dropped down the side of the main PCB 1 , see Figure 5.
  • This arrangement still creates a partial image in the groundplane, because of capacitive coupling with the groundplane and all the benefits of the previous embodiments may be realised.
  • the advantage of this arrangement is that it reduces the effective height of the module.
  • the structure can be prevented from projecting beyond the profile of the main PCB 1 by using a cut-out 18, as shown in Figure 6.
  • the connector 8 is replaced by other means of attaching the antenna substrate 3 to the main PCB 1.
  • Other means of attachment include mechanically fastening the antenna structure in place and then electrically attaching it to the main PCB 1 via a flexible PCB or by using a MID (Moulded Interconnect Device) process to plate onto the bottom of the structure and reflowing it on to the PCB, or by similar means.
  • the radio 4 being on the antenna PCB 3 means that no RF signals have to pass through the connector 8. Power and digital control signals pass into the module and digitised data passes out.
  • a connector 8' is provided on the main PCB 1 for an external antenna (such as might be used on an automobile) and RF signals must therefore pass through the connector 8' to the module.
  • an external antenna such as might be used on an automobile
  • RF signals must therefore pass through the connector 8' to the module.
  • a flexible PCB or reflowed MID structure is preferred.
  • the two arms 6, 7 of the antenna structure are adjustable in length.
  • the length can be varied in a simple way by shorting the spiral through the reflowing of zero ohm resistors (short circuits) when the module is manufactured.
  • the pads for these zero ohm resistors can be seen in Figure 3.
  • the same result could be achieved actively by electronically switching in and out such short circuits.
  • the effective length of the arms can also be continuously electronically varied by the insertion of series varactor diodes into the arms or shunt varactor diodes connecting the arms to ground. It is not necessary, or always desirable, for the two arms to have the same length. Having physically somewhat unbalanced structures can be as useful as electrically unbalanced signals when controlling the polarisation and beam pattern of the module.
  • the module 2 is mounted on the main PCB 1 with the antenna PCB 3 in a horizontal configuration, substantially parallel to the main PCB 1.
  • the radio component 4 and conductive shielding case 5 are mounted on top of the antenna PCB 3, and the connector 8 is mounted below the antenna PCB 3.
  • This embodiment is useful for thin handsets, since its height is relatively low.
  • Embodiments of the present invention have already been used to create RHCP GPS antennas and GPS radio-antenna modules.
  • a linear polarisation version may be used for BluetoothTM and WLAN applications. Further integration may be achieved by combining GPS and BluetoothTM functionality onto a single module structure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un module (2) conçu pour être connecté à une carte de circuit imprimé (PCB) (1) ou à un tableau de connexions imprimé (PWB) d'un dispositif de communications électronique. Le module comprend une antenne ayant des bras d'antenne gauche et droit (6, 7) respectifs, les bras étant électriquement connectés l'un à l'autre par un circuit de connexion (9) configuré pour appliquer une différence de phase variable ou réglable entre les bras et pour fournir une connexion d'alimentation externe unique (11) pour l'antenne.
PCT/GB2008/050479 2007-07-03 2008-06-23 Module d'antenne à caractéristiques de faisceau et de polarisation réglables WO2009004361A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0712787.1 2007-07-03
GBGB0712787.1A GB0712787D0 (en) 2007-07-03 2007-07-03 Antenna module with adjustable beam and polarisation characteristics

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009004361A1 true WO2009004361A1 (fr) 2009-01-08

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Family Applications (1)

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PCT/GB2008/050479 WO2009004361A1 (fr) 2007-07-03 2008-06-23 Module d'antenne à caractéristiques de faisceau et de polarisation réglables

Country Status (3)

Country Link
GB (2) GB0712787D0 (fr)
TW (1) TWI493786B (fr)
WO (1) WO2009004361A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014124335A1 (fr) * 2013-02-07 2014-08-14 Aerohive Networks, Inc. Adaptation et montage de motifs d'antenne
US20140327597A1 (en) * 2011-07-29 2014-11-06 Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Polymer-based resonator antennas
US20160072188A1 (en) * 2014-09-09 2016-03-10 King Abdullah II Design and Development Bureau Compact miniature hidden antennas for multi frequency bands applications
US10014915B2 (en) 2012-11-12 2018-07-03 Aerohive Networks, Inc. Antenna pattern matching and mounting
US10340599B2 (en) 2013-01-31 2019-07-02 University Of Saskatchewan Meta-material resonator antennas
US10784583B2 (en) 2013-12-20 2020-09-22 University Of Saskatchewan Dielectric resonator antenna arrays

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GB0806335D0 (en) 2008-04-08 2008-05-14 Antenova Ltd A novel planar radio-antenna module
GB2467325B (en) * 2009-01-29 2014-07-23 Microsoft Corp Radio-antenna modules for connection to external matching circuits
JP2011239302A (ja) * 2010-05-12 2011-11-24 Fujitsu Ltd アンテナ装置
JP2012074790A (ja) 2010-09-28 2012-04-12 Casio Comput Co Ltd フィルタ内蔵アンテナ及び電子機器
GB2484542B (en) * 2010-10-15 2015-04-29 Microsoft Technology Licensing Llc LTE antenna pair for mimo/diversity operation in the LTE/GSM bands
GB201100617D0 (en) * 2011-01-14 2011-03-02 Antenova Ltd Dual antenna structure having circular polarisation characteristics
EP2806497B1 (fr) 2013-05-23 2015-12-30 Nxp B.V. Antenne de véhicule

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US20050110682A1 (en) * 2003-11-21 2005-05-26 Allen Tran Wireless communications device pseudo-fractal antenna

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WO2000035048A1 (fr) * 1998-12-07 2000-06-15 Qualcomm Incorporated Antenne doublet equilibree pour telephones mobiles
US6239765B1 (en) * 1999-02-27 2001-05-29 Rangestar Wireless, Inc. Asymmetric dipole antenna assembly
US20010011964A1 (en) * 1999-08-18 2001-08-09 Sadler Robert A. Dual band bowtie/meander antenna
WO2001091236A1 (fr) * 2000-05-22 2001-11-29 Telefonaktiebolaget L.M. Ericsson (Publ) Antennes dipole convertible/en f inverse et dispositif de communication sans fil les incorporant
EP1206000A2 (fr) * 2000-11-13 2002-05-15 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Terminal de communication portable avec un taux d'absorption spécifique diminué
US20020084937A1 (en) * 2000-11-13 2002-07-04 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Portable communication terminal
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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140327597A1 (en) * 2011-07-29 2014-11-06 Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Polymer-based resonator antennas
US10361487B2 (en) * 2011-07-29 2019-07-23 University Of Saskatchewan Polymer-based resonator antennas
US10014915B2 (en) 2012-11-12 2018-07-03 Aerohive Networks, Inc. Antenna pattern matching and mounting
US10033112B2 (en) 2012-11-12 2018-07-24 Aerohive Networks, Inc. Antenna pattern matching and mounting
US10298296B2 (en) 2012-11-12 2019-05-21 Aerohive Networks, Inc. Antenna pattern matching and mounting
US10348372B2 (en) 2012-11-12 2019-07-09 Aerohive Networks, Inc. Antenna pattern matching and mounting
US11962370B2 (en) 2012-11-12 2024-04-16 Extreme Networks, Inc. Antenna pattern matching and mounting
US12341578B2 (en) 2012-11-12 2025-06-24 Extreme Networks, Inc. Antenna pattern matching and mounting
US10340599B2 (en) 2013-01-31 2019-07-02 University Of Saskatchewan Meta-material resonator antennas
WO2014124335A1 (fr) * 2013-02-07 2014-08-14 Aerohive Networks, Inc. Adaptation et montage de motifs d'antenne
US10784583B2 (en) 2013-12-20 2020-09-22 University Of Saskatchewan Dielectric resonator antenna arrays
US20160072188A1 (en) * 2014-09-09 2016-03-10 King Abdullah II Design and Development Bureau Compact miniature hidden antennas for multi frequency bands applications

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2450786A (en) 2009-01-07
GB2450786B (en) 2009-09-23
GB0712787D0 (en) 2007-08-08
GB0811426D0 (en) 2008-07-30
TWI493786B (zh) 2015-07-21
TW200917567A (en) 2009-04-16

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