WO2011088688A1 - 以氨基酸为稳定剂的聚合物胶束载药系统 - Google Patents
以氨基酸为稳定剂的聚合物胶束载药系统 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K9/107—Emulsions ; Emulsion preconcentrates; Micelles
- A61K9/1075—Microemulsions or submicron emulsions; Preconcentrates or solids thereof; Micelles, e.g. made of phospholipids or block copolymers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/16—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing nitrogen, e.g. nitro-, nitroso-, azo-compounds, nitriles, cyanates
- A61K47/18—Amines; Amides; Ureas; Quaternary ammonium compounds; Amino acids; Oligopeptides having up to five amino acids
- A61K47/183—Amino acids, e.g. glycine, EDTA or aspartame
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/20—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing sulfur, e.g. dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO], docusate, sodium lauryl sulfate or aminosulfonic acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polymer micelle drug delivery system using amino acid as a stabilizer and its preparation.
- Polymeric micelles are drug delivery systems developed in recent years for poorly soluble drugs. They are composed of amphiphilic block polymers with a low critical micelle concentration (CMC) ( ⁇ 100 g/ml) and a core. a shell-like structure in which the core is a hydrophobic portion and the shell is a hydrophilic portion. Polymer micelles can encapsulate poorly soluble drugs in the core portion to achieve solubilization of poorly soluble drugs. Drug-loaded polymer micelles often use biodegradable amphiphilic polymers as materials. Such amphiphilic polymers may be diblocks of AB type or triblock type ABA, BAB type. Document Torchi lin, VP, Structure and design of polymeric surfactant-based drug delivery systems. J Control Release, 2001.
- Block copolymers have a critical micelle concentration (CMC) Low, high drug loading, in which the hydrophilic part (shell) is often polyethylene glycol, povidone, etc., the lipophilic part is often polyester, such as oxypropylene, lactic acid, L-lysine, days A polymer of butyrosine, ⁇ -benzidine aspartate, ⁇ -benzyl glutamate, caprolactone, spermine.
- CMC critical micelle concentration
- solubilizing surfactant micelles to increase the solubility of the drug is a common method and is commonly used in the preparation of anticancer drugs, such as polysorbate 80 for docetaxel and polyoxyethylene castor oil for paclitaxel.
- anticancer drugs such as polysorbate 80 for docetaxel and polyoxyethylene castor oil for paclitaxel.
- solubilization method including (1) the incidence of hypersensitivity, most surfactants have certain allergenicity, oleic acid in polysorbate 80 and castor oil in polyoxyethylene castor oil.
- the polymer micelle drug loading system selects biodegradable materials as materials, which are safer and have no obvious allergenicity. , hemolytic and irritating. More importantly, polymer micelles have greater permeabilization and retention (EPR), which enables passive targeting of tumor and inflammatory tissues, ie (1) polymers.
- EPR permeabilization and retention
- the hydrophilic shell portion has a higher hydrophilicity, especially when the hydrophilic portion is a high proportion of polyethylene glycol (for example, the polymer PEG in our patent CN03105348, C brain 0610145383 is more than 10%, generally 40%), can avoid the resection of the reticuloendothelial system RES and the mononuclear giant cell system MPS, giving the polymer micelles a long cycle performance; (2) the polymer micelles have a small particle size, we apply The polymer micelles in the patents CN03105348, CN200610145383 have a particle size of about 20 nm, and the low particle size (generally less than 100 nm) can enhance the vascular permeability of the polymer micelles to supply the cancer to the vasculature and cause the substances to more easily retain the tumor, that is, the EPR effect is higher.
- polyethylene glycol for example, the polymer PEG in our patent CN03105348, C brain 0610145383 is more than 10%
- the preparation method of drug-loaded polymer micelles generally includes physical embedding method, chemical bonding method, electrostatic interaction method, gel-reconstitution method, emulsification-solvent evaporation method, and polymer micelles are dispersed in an aqueous solution and then freeze-dried to obtain a polymerization.
- the lyophilized product of the micelle can also be absorbed and solidified by a certain absorbent.
- Polymer micelles are usually used for injection and should be sterilized by filtration or autoclaved to ensure that the sterility of the preparation meets the requirements.
- Methyl PEG-polylactic acid block copolymer (mPEG-PDLLA) micelles were first reported by X. Zhang of Canada (see references Zhang, X., etal., Anti-tumor efficacy and biodistribution of intravenous polymeric micel lar Paclitaxel. Anticancer Drugs, 1997. 8 (7): p. 696-701.), attracting widespread attention due to its desirable solubilization properties and EPR behavior, and patents US 5,877,205 and US 5,922,754. See references Yamamoto, Y., et al., Long-circulating poly (ethylene glycol ) -poly (D, L-lactide) block copolymer micelles with modulated surface charge. J Control Release, 2001.
- Samyang's Genexol PM is a paclitaxel polymer based on mPEG-PDLLA. It has good biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo, and no obvious toxicity. The paclitaxel isotope distribution shows that the micelles enter the body. Dissociates quickly, releases the drug, and the polymer degrades within 15 hours in the body. See references Kim, S. C., D. W. Kim, et al. (2001) . In vivo evaluation of polymeric micellar pacl itaxel formulation : toxicity and efficacy. J Control Release 72 (1-3): 191-202.
- paclitaxel when preparing paclitaxel polymer micelles using mPEG-PDLLA 55/45 (X/Y, X is the mass of PEG, Y is the mass of polylactide), the stability of the aqueous dispersion is only 24 hours. More than 30% of the drug leaked to 72 hours, see patent US20030143184.
- the current method for solving the stability of drug-loaded polymer micelles is mainly from polymer selection (Du, Chen et al. 2006).
- We applied a new polymer micelle in Chinese patent CN03105348. 3 to prepare polymer micelles using block copolymers of mPEG and PDLLA with a mass ratio of less than 50/50. This polymer micelle has increased the core.
- the present invention provides a pharmaceutical carrier comprising an amino acid as a stabilizer, which is composed of an amphiphilic block copolymer and an amino acid.
- the pharmaceutical carrier has the characteristics of high stability.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition comprising a drug, an amphiphilic block copolymer and an amino acid.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may further contain other pharmaceutically acceptable carriers as needed.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention wherein the amphiphilic block copolymer and the amino acid may be compounded in any weight ratio.
- the weight ratio of the two is 1-100: 0.1-100, and a particularly preferred weight ratio is 100: 0.5 to 30.
- the most preferred weight ratio is 100: 1-15.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention wherein the amphiphilic block copolymer belongs to the prior art, may include a diblock and a triblock, and constitutes an amphiphilic block copolymer hydrophilic region including but not limited to polyethyl b. Glycol (PEG), monomethyl polyethylene glycol (mPEG), povidone, chitosan, polymethacrylic acid, and the like, and derivatives thereof.
- PEG polyethyl b.
- mPEG monomethyl polyethylene glycol
- povidone povidone
- chitosan polymethacrylic acid
- polymethacrylic acid and the like, and derivatives thereof.
- Hydrophobic regions include, but are not limited to, polyoxypropylene, polystyrene, polyamino acids (eg, poly- ⁇ -benzoyl-L-aspartic acid, polyfluorene-benzyl-L-glutamate, polyaspartic acid, etc.) ), polyester (polycaprolactone), biodegradable polymer materials (such as polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid and its Derivatives, etc.) act as hydrophobic blocks of the copolymer.
- polystyrene polyamino acids (eg, poly- ⁇ -benzoyl-L-aspartic acid, polyfluorene-benzyl-L-glutamate, polyaspartic acid, etc.)
- polyester polycaprolactone
- biodegradable polymer materials such as polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid and its Derivatives, etc.
- amphiphilic block copolymers are: monomethyl polyethylene glycol-b-poly D
- amino acid includes any one or more amino acids, and the common 20 amino acids, such as glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, serine, threonine Acid, aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic acid, glutamine, arginine, lysine, histidine, cysteine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, Tryptophan, valine.
- amino acids such as glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, serine, threonine Acid, aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic acid, glutamine, arginine, lysine, histidine, cysteine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, Tryptophan, valine.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be produced by the following method: Drug, amino acid, amphiphilic block copolymer is dissolved in an organic solvent. After removing the organic solvent, a gel-like mixed polymer micelle is obtained.
- the organic solvent refers to a nonaqueous solvent selected from the group consisting of, but not limited to, acetonitrile, short-chain fatty alcohol, acetone, diethyl ether and the like.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be prepared by physical embedding, chemical bonding, electrostatic interaction, gel-resolution, emulsification-solvent evaporation, etc., gel-resolution method, wherein gel is preferred. - Reconstitution method.
- the polymer micelles are dispersed in an aqueous solution and then freeze-dried to obtain a polymer micelle lyophilized product, which can also be absorbed and solidified by a certain absorbent.
- Recombination of polymer micelles can obtain mixed polymer micelles below 100 nm (if the particle size is too large, it can be homogenized by high-speed homogenization or high-pressure milk homogenization to a state lower than ⁇ ), and the polymer micelle can pass certain
- the preparation process such as freeze drying, spray drying, rotary evaporation, vacuum evaporation, film evaporation, etc., is further prepared into a suitable preparation such as an injection, an eye drop, an external preparation, an oral preparation, an aerosol, a powder, and the like.
- the polymer micelles When used for injection administration, they can be subjected to filter sterilization or autoclaving to ensure the sterility of the preparation meets the requirements.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention wherein the drug comprises various hydrophobic drugs and hydrophilic drugs, preferably a hydrophobic drug, more preferably the following drugs:
- Paclitaxel docetaxel, cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouridine, etoposide, phenylalanine mustard, chlorambucil, hexamethyl melamine, methotrexate, Methyl nitrosourea, norvinine, teniposide, homoharringtonine, hydroxycamptothecin, and anti-VEGF drugs;
- Antibiotic drugs such as chloramphenicol, erythromycin, erythromycin, erythromycin, medimycin, josamycin, clarithromycin, rotamycin, sulfadiazine, trimethoprim, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , rifaximin, Isobutyl rifamycin, dapsone, acesulfame, miconazole, itraconazole, quinolone antibiotics, etc.;
- Cardiovascular drugs such as nifedipine, nicardipine, nitrendipine, nilvadipine, cinnarizine, perhexiline, domortamine, digitalis, digoxin, scutellaria, and de-B Alfalfa, propafenone, amiodarone, nitroglycerin, pentaerythritol, cyclomandelic acid, tocopheryl nicotinate, etc.; Antidiabetic drugs: such as toluene yellow butyl urea, glibenclamide, gliclazide, etc.;
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as clemastine, cyproheptadine, phenothiazine, ketotifen, tranis and the like.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention when prepared into a different preparation such as an injection, an eye drop, a topical preparation, an oral preparation, an aerosol, a powder, or the like, may be added with a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carrier such as a binder as needed.
- a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carrier such as a binder as needed.
- fillers, diluents, lubricants, disintegrating agents, coloring agents, flavoring agents, wetting agents, and the like which are all prepared in the prior art and can be prepared according to the methods of the prior art.
- the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is selected from the group consisting of: mannitol, sorbitol, sodium metabisulfite, sodium hydrogen sulfite, sodium thiosulfate, cysteine hydrochloride, thioglycolic acid, methionine, vitamin C, disodium EDTA, calcium EDTA a monovalent alkali metal carbonate, acetate, phosphate or its aqueous solution, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, amino acid, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium lactate, xylitol, maltose, glucose, fructose, D-glucoside, glycine, starch, sucrose, lactose, mannitol, silicon derivatives, cellulose and its derivatives, alginate, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, glycerol, soil temperature 80, agar, calcium carbonate, Calcium hydrogencarbonate, surfactant, polyethylene glycol,
- composition of the present invention is used according to the condition of the patient at the time of use, and can be taken 1-3 times a day, week, and month, each time 1-20 doses, such as: 1-20 sticks or tablets or tablets.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention wherein the hydrophilic region of the amphiphilic block copolymer includes, but is not limited to, polyethylene glycol (PEG), monomethyl polyethylene glycol (mPEG), povidone, chitosan , polymethacrylic acid and the like and derivatives thereof.
- the derivative of the hydrophilic region of the block copolymer refers to a derivative obtained by modifying the end of the hydrophilic region with a specific affinity for certain organs, tissues, cells, organelles, molecules, including tissue or cell specificity.
- the mixture was packed in a 10 ml vial; the polymer micelles were prepared in the same manner, and the water for injection was replaced with 0.2 mg/ml aqueous solution of arginine to obtain arginine-polymer micelles. Observe the stability of the two micelles separately.
- the stability of the polymer micelles to which arginine is added is better.
- the filtrate was placed in a 10 ml vial, 2 ml each, and immediately lyophilized to give a white solid.
- the solid was added with 0.9% sodium chloride injection or 5% glucose injection 5 ml to prepare a clear, translucent pale blue opalescent docetaxel polymer micelle solution.
- the obtained micelle solution was static at 25 ° C for 24 h.
- the results of the visual inspection showed that the solution was clear and transparent, no turbidity and no precipitation, and no drug crystals were precipitated at the bottom of the vial.
- HPLC DIONEX with Ultimate3000 Pump, Ultimate3000 Autosampler, Ultimate3000 Column compartment, Ultimate3000 Variable Wavelength Detector, Chrome 1 eonTM workstation.
- docetaxel polymer micelles for injection were mixed with physiological saline (0.9% sodium chloride solution) to a docetaxel concentration of 4 mg/inL. Place and observe the appearance and properties of polymer micelles at different times, and determine the particle size and docetaxel encapsulation efficiency.
- Encapsulation rate measured docetaxel in micelles / added amount X 100%
- docetaxel polymer micelles for injection were mixed with physiological saline (0.9% sodium chloride solution) to a docetaxel concentration of 4 mg/mL. Place, sample at different times, determine the content of docetaxel and related substances.
- the prepared docetaxel polymer solution was allowed to stand at 25 ° C for 24 hours, sampled 1 ml, immediately added 1 ml of 4 ° C acetonitrile, and mixed, and the docetaxel content was calculated by external standard method. The results are shown in the following table.
- the pharmaceutical carrier of the present invention has the advantages of large drug loading and high stability, and can be proved by the measurement of the particle diameter of the micelle and the determination of the drug content in the examples.
- the product of R was used to determine the mass ratio and molecular weight of methyl polyethylene glycol and polylactic acid in the polymer at a peak area ratio of 5. 2 ppm (PLA) and 3. 6 ppm (PEG).
- the filter was filtered through a 22 ⁇ m filter, placed in a 10 ml vial, 2.5 ml each, and immediately lyophilized to a white solid.
- Solidified plus 0.9% sodium chloride injection or 5% glucose injection 5 ml was prepared to prepare a clear and transparent pale blue opalescent paclitaxel polymer micelle solution.
- the obtained micelle solution was static at 25 ° C for 24 h.
- the results of the visual inspection showed that the solution was clear and transparent, no turbidity and no precipitation, and no drug crystals were precipitated at the bottom of the vial.
- the particle size was determined to be 15 nm.
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Description
以氨基酸为稳定剂的聚合物胶束载药系统
技术领域:
本发明涉及以氨基酸为稳定剂的聚合物胶束载药系统及其制备。
背景技术:
聚合物胶束是近年来发展起来的针说对难溶性药物的载药系统,是有两亲性嵌段聚合物组 成, 临界胶束浓度(CMC)低 (〈100 g/ml ),具有核 -壳状结构, 其中核为疏水性部分, 壳为亲水性部分。 聚合物胶束可以将难溶性药物包裹于核部分达到对难溶性药物的增 溶。载药聚合物胶束往往选择生物降解性两亲高分子为材料, 这类两亲性聚合物可以是 二嵌段物 A-B型或三嵌段物 A-B-A、 B-A-B型, 其结书构见见参考文献 Torchi lin, V. P. , Structure and design of polymeric surfactant-based drug delivery systems. J Control Release, 2001. 73 (2-3): p. 137-72. 嵌段共聚物具有临界胶束浓度(CMC)较低、 载药量较高的特点, 其中亲水部分 (壳)往往是聚乙二醇、 聚维酮等, 亲脂部分往往是 聚酯, 如氧丙烯、 乳酸、 L-赖氨酸、 天冬氨酸、 β -苯甲酞 天冬氨酸酯、 Υ -苄基 谷氨酸酯、 己内酮、 精胺的聚合物。
许多药物为疏水性药物, 其成药性需要增加其溶解度得以解决。 以表面活性剂胶束增溶 而增加药物溶解度的办法为常见的手段, 在抗癌药物的制剂中常见, 如聚山梨酯 80用 于多西他赛和聚氧乙烯蓖麻油用于紫杉醇等。 然而, 该类增溶办法存在诸多不足, 包括 ( 1 )高过敏发生率, 大多数表面活性剂具有一定的过敏性, 聚山梨酯 80中的油酸和聚 氧乙烯蓖麻油中的蓖麻油均具有一定的过敏性, 患者在使用含表面活性剂的制剂前往往 需要进行脱敏处理, 例如现在紫杉醇和多西他赛的市售制剂; (2 )药物在肿瘤特异分布 程度低, 因而, 对正常组织的毒性较大, 最大耐受量 (MTD) 较低, 导致化疗时不能在 肿瘤部位分布足够的药物, 使肿瘤耐药; (3 )市售制剂不稳定, 在复配注射液时, 操作 复杂, 易产生沉淀。
与常用的表面活性剂增溶剂、 助溶剂(如环糊精类)和潜溶剂相比, 由于聚合物胶束载 药系统选择生物降解性材料为材料, 其安全性较高, 无明显过敏性、 溶血性和刺激性。 更重要的是, 聚合物胶束具有较大的高通透性和高滞留性 (enhanced permeat ion and retention, EPR) , 可以实现对肿瘤组织和炎症组织的被动靶向, 即 (1 )聚合物胶束中
亲水的壳部分具有较高的亲水性, 特别是当亲水部分为高比例的聚乙二醇时(例如我们 申请的专利 CN03105348, C腦 0610145383中的聚合物 PEG均超过 10%, 一般为 40%), 可以躲避网状内皮系统 RES和单核巨嗤细胞系统 MPS的清除,赋予聚合物胶束的长循环 性能; (2)聚合物胶束具有粒径小的特点,我们申请的专利 CN03105348, CN200610145383 中的聚合物胶束粒径约 20nm, 低粒径(一般小于 lOOnm)可以增强聚合物胶束对血管渗 透供应癌症的脉管系统并导致物质更容易滞留肿瘤, 即 EPR效应较强。聚合物胶束的安 全性和肿瘤被动靶向性, 使其成为一种新型靶向给药系统, 对抗肿瘤药和治疗炎症等具 有较大的前景。 目前, 注射用紫杉醇聚合物胶束已经进入临床研究, 在韩国已经上市。 载药聚合物胶束的制备方法一般有物理包埋法、 化学结合法、 静电作用法、 凝胶 -复溶 法、乳化-溶剂蒸发法, 聚合物胶束分散于水溶液后经冷冻干燥得到聚合物胶束冻干品, 也可以通过一定的吸收剂吸收、 固化后使用。 聚合物胶束通常用于注射给药, 应进行过 滤灭菌或热压灭菌, 以保证制剂的无菌符合要求。
甲基聚乙二醇 -聚乳酸嵌段共聚物 (mPEG-PDLLA) 胶束最早由加拿大 X. Zhang报道 (见 参考文献 Zhang, X. , etal. , Anti-tumor efficacy and biodistribution of intravenous polymeric micel lar paclitaxel. Anticancer Drugs, 1997. 8 (7): p. 696一 701. ), 由于 其理想的增溶特性和 EPR行为吸引了广泛关注, 并申请专利 US5877205和 US5922754。 见参考文献 Yamamoto, Y. , et al. , Long-circulating poly (ethylene glycol ) -poly (D, L-lactide) block copolymer micelles with modulated surfacecharge. J Control Release, 2001. 77 (1-2): . 27-38. Samyang公司的 Genexol PM是以 mPEG- PDLLA 为材料的紫杉醇聚合物, 体外和动物体内的生物相容性较好, 未见明显毒性, 紫杉醇同 位素体内分布实验表明, 胶束进入体内后迅速解离, 释放药物, 聚合物在体内可以在 15 小时内降解。 见参考文献 Kim, S. C. , D. W. Kim, et al. (2001) . In vivo evaluation of polymeric micellar pacl itaxel formulation : toxicity and efficacy. J Control Release 72 (1-3) : 191-202。 然而, 现有载药聚合物胶束的稳定性不高, 影响其进一步 推广 Carstens, M. G. , P. H. de Jong, et al. (2008) . The effect of core composition in biodegradable ol igomeric micel les as taxane formulations. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 68 (3): 596-606。
以紫杉醇为例当采用 mPEG-PDLLA 55/45 (X/Y, X为 PEG的质量, Y为聚丙交酯的质量)制 备紫杉醇聚合物胶束时, 其水分散液的稳定性只有 24小时, 至 72小时时,超过 30 %的 药物泄露, 见专利 US20030143184。
目前解决载药聚合物胶束稳定性的方法主要是从聚合物上进行选择 (Du, Chen et al. 2006)。我们在中国专利 CN03105348. 3中申请了一种新的聚合物胶束,采用 mPEG、 PDLLA 质量比小于 50/50的嵌段共聚物制备聚合物胶束,这种聚合物胶束由于增加了核的亲脂 性可以提高载药量和胶束的稳定性。但我们发现通过设计和合成新聚合物的方式解决聚 合物胶束的稳定性的研究成本高、安全性挑战大、解决效果不理想。 US2007003625申请 了一种以聚乳酸为疏水嵌段的聚合物载药系统, 然而, 该类专利关注的增溶能力, 对于 聚合物胶束的稳定性无明显改善。
我们考察了不同的添加剂对聚合物胶束稳定性的影响。我们发现脂质对聚合物胶束的稳 定性有一定提高, 见 CN200610145383。然而, 该技术的稳定性对于某些药物仍然难以满 足临床需求, 例如多西他赛等药物, 聚合物胶束的物理稳定性只数分钟或数小时。 在试验中我们意外发现, 添加某些小分子氨基酸可以提高载药胶束的物理稳定性, 例如 多西他赛聚合物胶束的稳定性在加入精氨酸后稳定性大大提高, 可以稳定 5天以上。 氨基酸 (amino acid) 是含有氨基和羧基的一类有机化合物的通称, 人体所需的氨基酸 约有 20种。 氨基酸是生物功能大分子蛋白质的基本组成单位, 是构成动物营养所需蛋 白质的基本物质, 来源易得, 具有较高的安全性。
实验发现氨基酸能提高载药胶束的物理稳定性,至今尚未见有相关研究的报道。
为此, 本发明提供一种以氨基酸为稳定剂的药物载体, 所述药物载体为两亲性嵌段共聚 物和氨基酸混合组成, 这种药物载体具有稳定性高的特点。
发明内容- 本发明的目的在于提供一种药物组合物, 该组合物含有药物, 两亲性嵌段共聚物和氨基 酸。
本发明的药物组合物, 根据需要还可含有其他药物可接受的载体。
本发明的药物组合物, 其中两亲性嵌段共聚物和氨基酸可以以任何重量比例配比。优选 的两者的重量配比为 1-100: 0. 01-100, 特别优选的重量配比为 100: 0. 5-30, 最优选 的重量配比为 100 : 1-15。
本发明的药物组合物, 其中的两亲性嵌段共聚物属于现有技术, 可以包括二嵌段物和三 嵌段物, 构成两亲性嵌段共聚物亲水区包括但不限于聚乙二醇(PEG)、 单甲基聚乙二醇 (mPEG)、 聚维酮、 壳聚糖、 聚甲基丙烯酸等及其衍生物。 疏水区包括但不限于聚氧丙 烯、 聚苯乙烯、 聚氨基酸(如聚 β -苯甲酰 -L-天冬氨酸、 聚 Υ -苄基 -L-谷氨酸和聚天冬 氨酸等)、 聚酯(聚己内酯), 可用生物降解型高分子材料(如聚乳酸、 聚羟基乙酸及其
衍生物等)作为共聚物的疏水嵌段。 其中优选的两亲性嵌段共聚物是: 单甲基聚乙二醇 - b-聚 D, L-丙交醋共聚物 (mPEG— PDLLA)。 本发明的药物组合物, 其中的氨基酸包括任何一种或多种氨基酸, 常见的 20种氨基酸, 具体如甘氨酸、 丙氨酸、 缬氨酸、 亮氨酸、 异亮氨酸、 丝氨酸、 苏氨酸、 天冬氨酸、 天 冬酰胺、 谷氨酸、 谷氨酰胺、 精氨酸、 赖氨酸、 组氨酸、 半胱氨酸、 甲硫氨酸、 苯丙氨 酸、 酪氨酸、 色氨酸、 脯氨酸。
本发明的药物组合物, 可通过以下方法制备: 药物, 氨基酸, 两亲性嵌段共聚物用有机 溶剂溶解。 除去有机溶剂后即得到凝胶状混合聚合物胶束。其中所述有机溶剂是指非水 溶剂, 选自但不限于: 乙腈、 短链脂肪醇、 丙酮、 乙醚等。
本发明的药物组合物, 其制备可以采用物理包埋法、 化学结合法、 静电作用法、 凝胶- 复溶法、 乳化-溶剂蒸发法等制备, 凝胶-复溶法, 其中优选凝胶-复溶法。
聚合物胶束分散于水溶液后经冷冻干燥得到聚合物胶束冻干品,也可以通过一定的吸收 剂吸收、 固化后使用。
聚合物胶束复溶可以得到低于 lOOnm的混合聚合物胶束(如果粒径过大可以通过高速均 质化或高压乳匀化达到低于 ΙΟΟηιιι的状态) ,该聚合物胶束可通过一定的工艺, 如冷冻 干燥、喷雾干燥、旋转蒸发、减压蒸发、薄膜蒸发等进一步制备成适宜制剂, 如注射剂、 滴眼剂、 外用制剂、 口服制剂、 气雾剂、 粉雾剂等。
聚合物胶束用于注射给药时,可进行过滤灭菌或热压灭菌,以保证制剂的无菌符合要求。 本发明的药物组合物, 其中所述药物包括各种疏水性药物和亲水性药物, 优选的是疏水 性药物, 更优选的是以下药物:
紫杉醇、 多西他赛、 顺铂、 卡铂、 奧沙利铂、 5-氟尿喀陡、 依托泊苷、 苯丙氨酸氮芥、 苯丁酸氮芥、 六甲三聚氰胺、 甲氨蝶呤、 甲环亚硝脲、 去甲长春花碱、 替尼泊苷、 高三 尖杉酯碱、 羟喜树碱以及抗 VEGF药物等;
抗生素药物: 如氯霉素、 红霉素、 依托红霉素、 唬乙红霉素、 麦迪霉素、 交沙霉素、 克 拉霉素、 罗他霉素、 磺胺嘧啶、 甲氧苄氨嘧啶、 吠喃妥因、 利副平、 利福昔明、 异丁呱 利福霉素、 氨苯砜、 醋氨苯砜、 咪康唑、 伊曲康唑、 喹诺酮类抗生素等;
心血管药物: 如硝苯地平、 尼卡地平、 尼群地平、 尼伐地平、 桂利嗪、 哌克昔林、 吗多 明、 洋地黄毒甙、 地高辛、 毛花甙丙、 去乙酞毛花甙、 普罗帕酮、 胺碘酮、 硝酸甘油、 戊四硝酯、 环扁桃酯、 烟酸生育酚酯等;
抗糖尿病药物: 如甲苯黄丁脲、 格列本脲、 格列吡嗉等;
非甾体抗炎药物: 如氯马斯汀、 赛庚啶、 苯噻啶、 酮替芬、 曲尼司等。
本发明的药物组合物, 在制备成注射剂、 滴眼剂、 外用制剂、 口服制剂、 气雾剂、 粉雾 剂等不同制剂时, 根据需要可加入适宜的药物可接受的载体, 诸如粘合剂、 填充剂、 稀 释剂、润滑剂、崩解剂、着色剂、调味剂和湿润剂等, 这些制剂的制备都属于现有技术, 可根据现有技术的方法制备。
所述药物可接受的载体选自: 甘露醇、 山梨醇、焦亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、硫代硫酸钠、 盐酸半胱氨酸、 巯基乙酸、 蛋氨酸、 维生素 C、 EDTA二钠、 EDTA钙钠, 一价碱金属的 碳酸盐、 醋酸盐、 磷酸盐或其水溶液、 盐酸、 醋酸、 硫酸、 磷酸、 氨基酸、 氯化钠、 氯 化钾、 乳酸钠、 木糖醇、 麦芽糖、 葡萄糖、 果糖、 右旋糖苷、 甘氨酸、 淀粉、 蔗糖、 乳 糖、甘露糖醇、硅衍生物、纤维素及其衍生物、藻酸盐、 明胶、聚乙烯吡咯垸酮、甘油、 土温 80、 琼脂、 碳酸钙、 碳酸氢钙、 表面活性剂、 聚乙二醇、 环糊精、 β—环糊精、 磷 脂类材料、 高岭土、 滑石粉、 硬脂酸钙、 硬脂酸镁等。
本发明的组合物在使用时根据病人的情况确定用法用量, 可每日, 周, 月服 1-3次, 每 次 1-20剂, 如: 1-20支或粒或片。
本发明的药物组合物,其中的两亲性嵌段共聚物的亲水区包括但不限于聚乙二醇(PEG)、 单甲基聚乙二醇 (mPEG)、 聚维酮、 壳聚糖、 聚甲基丙烯酸等及其衍生物。 其中嵌段共 聚物亲水区的衍生物是指对亲水区末端采用对某些器官、 组织、 细胞、 细胞器、 分子有 特异亲和性的分子修饰得到的衍生物, 包括具有组织或细胞特异性的蛋白质或多肽、 生 长因子、 维生素及其类似物(如叶酸)、 多糖、 糖肽或糖蛋白、 甾体及其类似物、 激素、 辅 助 因 子 、 遗 传 分 子 、 某 些 药 物 分 子 。 如 对 脑 特 异 的 含 有 CNSRLHLRC, CENWWGDVC, WRCVLREGPAGGCAWFNRHRL, 和 CLSSRLDAC片段的多肽、 蛋白质; 对肾特异的含有 CLPVASC 和 CGAREMC 片段的多肽、 蛋白质; 对肺特异的含有 CGFECVRQCPERC, CGFELETC, CTLRDR C和 CIGEVEVC片段的多肽、蛋白质;对皮肤特异的含 有 CVALCREACGEGC片段的多肽、 蛋白质; 对脾特异的含有 SWCEPGWCR片段的多肽、 蛋白 质; 对小肠特异的含有 YSGKWGW片段的多肽、 蛋白质, 对子宫特异的含有 GLSGGRS片段 的多肽、 蛋白质; 对肾上腺特异的含有 LMLPRAD片段的多肽、 蛋白质; 对视网膜组织特 异的含有 CRDVVSVIC和 CSCFRDVCC片段的多肽、 蛋白质; 具有抑制整合蛋白表达细胞与 细胞外基质蛋白结合作用的多肽、 蛋白质, 这类蛋白质或多肽含有 CRGDC, CRGDCL, NGR (AHA) , DGR (AHA) , CRGDCA, RCDVVV, SLIDIP, TIRSVD, KRGD, RRGP禾 B RGDL
片段; 具有肿瘤特异性的抗体; 对实体瘤血管内膜特异的含有 CDCRGDCFC 和 CNGRCVSGCAGRC片段的多肽、 蛋白质; 以及其他对肿瘤细胞有特异亲和力的分子。 以下通过试验数据说明本发明的有益效果:
1、 加氨基酸和不加氨基酸的比较数据:
移取 2 ml 50mg/ml聚合物乙腈溶液至茄型瓶中, 加入 2 ml 5mg/ml多西他赛乙腈溶液, 将茄型瓶置于旋转蒸发仪上,减压 (-0. IMPa) ,水浴温度 5CTC,转速 20转 /分,旋转蒸发 30 分钟,加入 10 ml注射用水,取下茄型瓶,至涡旋仪涡旋 1分钟,所得溶液经 0. 22 μ m滤膜 过滤,取滤液装于 10 ml西林瓶中; 同法制备聚合物胶束, 以 0. 2mg/ml精氨酸水溶液代 替注射用水, 得精氨酸-聚合物胶束。 分别观察两种胶束的稳定性。
结果发现: 精氨酸 -聚合物胶束的物理外观可以稳定 5天以上, 而无精氨酸的聚合物胶 束只能稳定 30分钟。
以上试验表明:
加入精氨酸的聚合物胶束的稳定性更佳。
2、 不同共聚物和氨基酸配比的比较数据:
多西他赛药物组合物的制备及稳定性考察 ί粒¾
2. 1药物组合物的制备: 径一 移取 10 ml 50mg/ml聚合物乙腈溶液至茄型瓶中, 加入 10 ml 5mg/ml多西他赛乙腈溶 液,将茄型瓶置于旋转蒸发仪上,减压 (-0. IMPa),水浴温度 50Ό,转速 20转 /分,旋转蒸 发 30分钟,加入 50 ml 0. 2mg/ml精氨酸水溶液旋转水化 1分钟,取下茄型瓶,至涡旋仪 涡旋 1分钟,所得溶液经 0. 22 μ m滤膜过滤,取滤液装于 10 ml西林瓶中,每瓶 2 ml,立即 冻干得白色固体。 固体加 0. 9%氯化钠注射液或 5%葡萄糖注射液 5 ml复配制备得澄清透 明略带淡蓝色乳光的多西他赛聚合物胶束溶液。
所得胶束溶液于 25摄氏度静止 24h,目检结果:溶液澄清透明,无混浊无沉淀,西林瓶底 部无药物结晶析出.
制备了不同配比的多西他赛聚合物胶束, 见下表- 表 1
mPEG2000-PDLLA 40/60
处方编号 精氨酸 克 多西他赛 克
克
1 5 0. 2 1
2 10 0. 2 1 18
3 5 1 1 22
4 10 1 1 20
5 7. 5 0. 6 1 23
2. 2药物组合物中多西他赛的含量测定方法:
取复配的多西他赛聚合物溶液立即取样 1ml,立即加入 lml 4°C的乙腈,混匀,注入液相色 谱仪, 记录色谱图, 以外标法计算多西他赛含量。
HPLC条件:
HPLC : DIONEX with Ultimate3000 Pump, Ultimate3000 Autosampler, Ultimate3000 Column compartment, Ultimate3000 Variable Wavelength Detector, Chrome 1 eon™工 作站。
色谱柱: Acclaim®120, C18, 5 μ m, 120 A, 4. 6 X 250 mm , DIONEX
柱温: 35 °C
波长: 230 nm
流动相: 乙腈:水 50 : 50
流速: lml/min
进样量: 5 μ 1
2. 3药物组合物的物理稳定性:
取上述注射用多西他赛聚合物胶束, 加生理盐水(0. 9%氯化钠溶液)复配至多西他赛浓 度为 4 mg/inL。 放置, 观察不同时刻聚合物胶束的外观、 性状, 测定粒径、 多西他赛包 封率。
包封率的测定:制备完成的多西他赛聚合物溶液立即取样 1ml,立即加入 1ml 4°C的乙腈, 混匀,注入液相色谱仪, 记录色谱图, 以外标法计算多西他赛含量,多西他赛的包封率照 下式计算:
包封率 =测得的胶束中多西他赛量 /加入量 X 100%
结果见下表
表 2
mPEG2000-PDLLA 40/60
2. 4药物组合物的化学稳定性研究
取上述注射用多西他赛聚合物胶束, 加生理盐水(0. 9%氯化钠溶液)复配至多西他赛浓 度为 4 mg/mL。 放置, 于不同时间取样, 测定多西他赛的含量和有关物质。
制备完成的多西他赛聚合物溶液于 25°C静置 24h,取样 1ml,立即加入 1ml 4°C的乙腈,混 匀, 以外标法计算多西他赛含量,结果见下表。
表 3
mPEG2000-PDLLA 40/60
处方编号 精氨酸 克 多西他赛 克 含量%
克
1 5 0. 2
2 10 0. 2 95. 42
3 5 1 63. 09
4 10 1 81. 65
5 7. 5 0. 6 81. 34 色谱峰所有杂质峰占总面积 (扣除溶剂峰)的百分比如下表。
表 4
以上试验表明:
两亲性嵌段共聚物和氨基酸重量配比为 100: 1-15效果最佳
本发明的药物载体与现有技术相比其优点在于, 载药量大和稳定性高, 通过实施例中胶 束粒径的测定和药物含量的测定可得到证明。
具体实施方式:
下面为本专利的实施例, 但下述实施例并不限制本专利的权利范围。
实施例 1两亲性嵌段共聚物 mPEG-PDLLA的合成
称取甲基聚乙二醇 16g和丙交酯 24g, 置于密闭的反应器中, 加入辛酸亚锡 50mg, 在氮 气气流下升温至 120-14CTC使固体熔化, 升高温度至 150-18CTC反应 6小时。 冷却, 得 白色固体粗品。 粗品以二氯甲垸 lml溶解后, 在搅拌下加入 100ml乙醚中, 滤过, 乙醚 洗涤三次, 产品真空干燥 24小时, 即可。
产物的丽 R (D-氯仿为溶剂) 图谱以 5. 2ppm (PLA) 和 3. 6ppm (PEG) 峰面积比确认聚合物 中的甲基聚乙二醇与聚乳酸的质量比及分子量。
实施例 2 多西他赛聚合物胶束的制备
移取 10 ml 50mg/ml聚合物乙腈溶液至茄型瓶中, 加入 10 ml 5mg/ml多西他赛乙腈溶 液,将茄型瓶置于旋转蒸发仪上,减压 (-0. IMPa) ,水浴温度 5CTC ,转速 20转 /分,旋转蒸 发 30分钟,加入 50 ml 0. 2mg/ml精氨酸水溶液旋转水化 1分钟,取下茄型瓶,至涡旋仪 涡旋 1分钟,所得溶液经 0. 22 μ m滤膜过滤,取滤液装于 10 ml西林瓶中,每瓶 2 ml,立即 冻干得白色固体。
实施例 3 紫杉醇聚合物胶束的制备及稳定性考察
移取 6ml 50mg/ml聚合物乙腈溶液至茄型瓶中, 加入 6IB1 lOmg/ml紫杉醇乙腈溶液,将 茄型瓶置于旋转蒸发仪上,减压 (-0. IMPa) ,水浴温度 50°C ,转速 20转 /分,旋转蒸发 30 分钟,加入 25ml 0. 2mg/ml天冬氨酸水溶液旋转水化 1分钟,取下茄型瓶,至涡旋仪涡旋 1 分钟,所得溶液经 0. 22 μ m滤膜过滤,装于 10ml西林瓶中,每瓶 2. 5 ml,立即冻干得白色 固体。 固体加 0. 9%氯化钠注射液或 5%葡萄糖注射液 5 ml复配制备得澄清透明略带淡蓝 色乳光的紫杉醇聚合物胶束溶液。所得胶束溶液于 25摄氏度静止 24h,目检结果:溶液澄 清透明,无混浊无沉淀,西林瓶底部无药物结晶析出.粒径测定为 15 nm.
实施例 4奥沙利铂聚合物胶束的制备及稳定性考察
移取 25 ml 50mg/ml聚合物乙腈溶液至茄型瓶中, 加入 5ml 50mg/ml奥沙利铂乙腈溶液, 将茄型瓶置于旋转蒸发仪上,减压 (-0. IMPa),水浴温度 5(TC,转速 20转 /分,旋转蒸发 30 分钟,加入 25 ml 0. 2mg/ml天冬氨酸水溶液旋转水化 1分钟,取下茄型瓶,至涡旋仪涡旋 1分钟,所得溶液经 0. 22 μ m滤膜过滤,装于 10ml西林瓶中,每瓶 2. 5 ml, 立即冻干得白
色固体。 固体加 0. 9%氯化钠注射液或 5%葡萄糖注射液 5 ml复配制备得澄清透明略带淡 蓝色乳光的奧沙利铂聚合物胶束溶液。 所得胶束溶液于 25摄氏度静止 24h,目检结果: 溶液澄清透明,无混浊无沉淀,西林瓶底部无药物结晶析出.粒径测定为 30 nm.
Claims
1、 一种聚合物胶束的药物组合物, 其特征在于, 该组合物含有药物, 两亲性嵌 段共聚物和氨基酸, 该组合物在水中自发形成聚合物胶束。
2、权利要求 1的药物组合物, 其特征在于, 根据需要还含有药物可接受的载体。
3、 权利要求 1 的药物组合物, 其特征在于, 其中两亲性嵌段共聚物和氨基酸可 以以任何重量比例配比。
4、 权利要求 1 的药物组合物, 其特征在于, 其中两亲性嵌段共聚物和氨基酸两 者的重量配比为 1-100: 0. 01-100。
5、 权利要求 1 的药物组合物, 其特征在于, 其中两亲性嵌段共聚物和氨基酸重 量配比为 100: 0. 5-30。
6、 权利要求 1 的药物组合物, 其特征在于, 其中两亲性嵌段共聚物和氨基酸重 量配比为 100: 1-15。
7、 权利要求 1 的药物组合物, 其特征在于, 其中的两亲性嵌段共聚物包括二嵌 段物和三嵌段物,构成两亲性嵌段共聚物亲水区包括聚乙二醇、单甲基聚乙二醇、 聚维酮、 壳聚糖、 聚甲基丙烯酸及其衍生物, 疏水区包括聚氧丙烯、 聚苯乙烯、 聚氨基酸、 聚酯等, 其中优选生物降解型高分子材料。
8、权利要求 1的药物组合物, 其特征在于, 其中的氨基酸选自甘氨酸、 丙氨酸、 缬氨酸、 亮氨酸、 异亮氨酸、 丝氨酸、 苏氨酸、 天冬氨酸、 天冬酰胺、 谷氨酸、 谷氨酰胺、精氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸、半胱氨酸、 甲硫氨酸、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、 色氨酸或脯氨酸。
9、 权利要求 1 的药物组合物, 可以在水溶液中自发形成聚合物胶束。
10、 权利要求 1 的药物组合物, 其特征在于, 其中的药物选自抗肿瘤药物: 紫 杉醇、 多西他赛、 顺铂、 卡铂、 奥沙利铂、 5-氟尿喀陡、 依托泊苷、 苯丙氨酸氮 芥、 苯丁酸氮芥、 六甲三聚氰胺、 甲氨蝶呤、 甲环亚硝脲、 去甲长春花碱、 替尼 泊苷、 高三尖杉酯碱、 羟喜树碱以及抗 VEGF药物;
抗生素药物: 氯霉素、红霉素、依托红霉素、唬乙红霉素、麦迪霉素、交沙霉素、 克拉霉素、罗他霉素、磺胺嘧啶、 甲氧苄氨嘧啶、吠喃妥因、利副平、利福昔明、 异丁呱利福霉素、 氨苯砜、 醋氨苯砜、 咪康唑、 伊曲康唑、 喹诺酮类抗生素; 心血管药物: 硝苯地平、 尼卡地平、 尼群地平、 尼伐地平、 桂利嗪、 哌克昔林、 吗多明、 洋地黄毒甙、 地高辛、 毛花甙丙、 去乙酞毛花甙、 普罗帕酮、 胺碘酮、 硝酸甘油、 戊四硝酯、 环扁桃酯、 烟酸生育酚酯;
抗糖尿病药物: 甲苯黄丁脲、 格列本脲、 格列吡嗪;
非甾体抗炎药物: 氯马斯汀、 赛庚啶、 苯噻啶、 酮替芬、 曲尼司特。
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