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WO2012001379A2 - Pompe à chaleur modifiée - Google Patents

Pompe à chaleur modifiée Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2012001379A2
WO2012001379A2 PCT/GB2011/050645 GB2011050645W WO2012001379A2 WO 2012001379 A2 WO2012001379 A2 WO 2012001379A2 GB 2011050645 W GB2011050645 W GB 2011050645W WO 2012001379 A2 WO2012001379 A2 WO 2012001379A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat pump
air
heat
inlet
evaporator
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2011/050645
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2012001379A3 (fr
Inventor
Gary Stanton Webster
Original Assignee
Smith's Environmental Products Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Smith's Environmental Products Limited filed Critical Smith's Environmental Products Limited
Priority to CA2799275A priority Critical patent/CA2799275A1/fr
Priority to EP11718768.2A priority patent/EP2585767A2/fr
Priority to US13/701,623 priority patent/US20130074539A1/en
Publication of WO2012001379A2 publication Critical patent/WO2012001379A2/fr
Publication of WO2012001379A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012001379A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/18—Hot-water central heating systems using heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • F24D17/02—Domestic hot-water supply systems using heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D15/00—Other domestic- or space-heating systems
    • F24D15/04—Other domestic- or space-heating systems using heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F12/00—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening
    • F24F12/001—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening with heat-exchange between supplied and exhausted air
    • F24F12/002—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening with heat-exchange between supplied and exhausted air using an intermediate heat-transfer fluid
    • F24F12/003—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening with heat-exchange between supplied and exhausted air using an intermediate heat-transfer fluid using a heat pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/12—Heat pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/16—Waste heat
    • F24D2200/22—Ventilation air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/31—Low ambient temperatures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/52—Heat recovery pumps, i.e. heat pump based systems or units able to transfer the thermal energy from one area of the premises or part of the facilities to a different one, improving the overall efficiency
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/56—Heat recovery units

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a modified heat pump and to a heat pump installation comprising such a modified heat pump.
  • it relates to a heat pump and heat pump installation modified to enhance performance at ambient temperatures of below 5°C.
  • a heat pump in its simplest form comprises a closed circuit around which a refrigerant fluid is circulated.
  • the circuit includes an electrically operated compressor which pressurises the fluid, in its gaseous form, thus causing the refrigerant gas to heat up.
  • the hot pressurised gas is then circulated through a condenser, within which it condenses to a liquid, though still under high pressure. This causes the condenser itself to generate heat, which may be recovered to drive domestic heating and hot water systems.
  • the high pressure liquid refrigerant is circulated to an expansion valve, which has the effect of lowering the pressure of the liquid refrigerant so as to promote evaporation.
  • the low pressure liquid refrigerant is then circulated to an evaporator, where it evaporates into a gas, absorbing heat from the evaporator's surroundings as it does so.
  • the gaseous refrigerant then returns to the compressor, and the cycle repeats.
  • heat pumps lose efficiency when the ambient temperature of the heat source medium falls below about 5°C - around the temperature of an average winter's day in the UK.
  • the heat pump performs inefficiently in conditions when it is needed most, again leading to heat pumps being used to 'top-up' rather than replace conventional heat sources.
  • anti-freeze additives such as glycol to be added to the refrigerant fluid in the closed circuit. These anti- freeze additives can cause corrosion of components and thus reduce the working life of the heat pump.
  • the present invention seeks to address the above identified problems associated with operating heat pumps at low ambient temperatures by providing a modified heat pump and heat pump installation which exhibits decreased losses in efficiency at low ambient temperatures and which does not require the use of antifreeze additives.
  • a heat pump comprising:
  • plenum chamber having said evaporator located therewithin, an inlet adapted to receive a fluid heat source medium and direct it over the evaporator, thereby to extract heat from said medium, and an outlet adapted to receive cooled medium expelled from the plenum chamber;
  • an auxiliary heat exchanger located between the inlet and the evaporator, and adapted to warm said medium prior to it passing over the evaporator.
  • the arrangement of the auxiliary heat exchanger between the inlet and the evaporator enables warming of the incoming heat source medium. Where the ambient temperature of the heat source medium is low, this enables the temperature of the heat source medium to be raised before the medium passes over the evaporator, thus avoiding, or at least reducing, the loss in efficiency associated with operating heat pumps at low ambient temperatures.
  • the heat pump is preferably adapted to provide heated water for a domestic heating system, and/or heated water for a domestic hot water system, or alternatively may be adapted to provide warmed air for a domestic heating system. In each case, heat is recovered from the heat pump condenser in the conventional manner.
  • the auxiliary heat exchanger is preferably also driven by heat recovered from the condenser.
  • the auxiliary heat exchanger thus effectively operates as a feedback loop, using heat previously recovered from the condenser to warm new incoming heat source medium.
  • the diversion of some of the heat recovered from the condenser to the auxiliary heat exchanger, rather than to a domestic water or heating system, will necessarily result in decreased output to the domestic water or heating system when the auxiliary heat exchanger is activated.
  • this loss in performance will be demonstrably smaller than the loss in efficiency associated with operating heat pumps at low ambient temperatures.
  • the heat pump may therefore comprise a damper adapted to direct the fluid heat source medium over the auxiliary heat exchanger only when the auxiliary heat exchanger has been activated.
  • the heat pump may comprise a damper (which may be the same as, or different from, the aforementioned damper) adapted to direct the fluid heat source medium over the auxiliary heat exchanger only upon the ambient temperature of said medium falling below a predetermined value.
  • the or each damper may be adapted to be activated by thermostatic control means upon the ambient temperature of the heat source medium falling below a predetermined value, and/or upon the temperature of the auxiliary heat exchanger reaching a predetermined value.
  • the heat pump comprises thermostatic control means adapted to activate the auxiliary heat exchanger upon the ambient temperature of the heat source medium falling below a predetermined value.
  • Said thermostatic control means may be utilised in addition to, or instead of, the or each damper as hereinbefore described.
  • the thermostatic control means preferably includes a motorised valve adapted to deliver heated water to the auxiliary heat exchanger upon activation.
  • the aforementioned predetermined value for the ambient temperature of the heat source medium is substantially 5°C.
  • the technology of the present invention may be applied to substantially all types of heat pump, it is preferred that the heat pump is an air source heat pump.
  • the heat pump is an air source heat pump
  • the aforementioned fluid heat source medium is air
  • the inlet of the plenum chamber is an air inlet adapted to receive indrawn air and direct said air over the evaporator, thereby to extract heat from said air;
  • the outlet of the plenum chamber is an air outlet adapted to receive cooled air expelled from the plenum chamber
  • the auxiliary heat exchanger is located between the air inlet and the evaporator, and is adapted to warm said indrawn air prior to it passing over the evaporator.
  • the air source heat pump preferably further comprises a fan adapted to drive or draw air into the plenum chamber through the air inlet, and out of the plenum chamber through the air outlet.
  • the air source heat pump further comprises a secondary air inlet adapted to receive re-circulated air from the interior of a building in which the heat pump is installed.
  • the air inlet and the secondary air inlet are preferably arranged such that the indrawn air and re-circulated air are combined prior to passing over the evaporator.
  • the combination of indrawn air with recirculated air also assists to warm the indrawn air and thus will serve to increase the efficiency of the heat pump and reduce the amount of time for which it is necessary to operate the auxiliary heat exchanger.
  • the air inlet and the secondary air inlet may preferably be arranged such that the indrawn air and re-circulated air are combined prior to passing over the auxiliary heat exchanger.
  • a further feature of the present invention which serves to address the problems associated with operating heat pumps at low ambient temperatures, is that the air source heat pump according to the aforementioned preferred embodiment of the present invention is adapted to be housed within a building to be heated, rather than externally thereof as is conventional. Since the interior of the building will generally be at a higher temperature than the exterior when heating is required, housing the heat pump within the building provides further protection against the operating temperature of the heat pump falling below 5°C.
  • the air source heat pump will preferably be further provided with sound dampening means to enable it to be used conveniently within a domestic environment.
  • a heat pump installation comprising an air source heat pump as hereinbefore described, installed within a room, loft, cellar or other defined space of a building to be heated, said heat pump installation further comprising:
  • an inlet vent adapted to permit the flow of air therethrough from the exterior of the building, into said room, loft, cellar or other defined space;
  • the air source heat pump is installed in a loft
  • the inlet and outlet vents are standard roof tile vents.
  • the installation of the heat pump in a loft enables air drawn in through the inlet vent to be mixed with air in the loft space - which will generally be at a higher temperature when heating is required - thus further raising the temperature of the indrawn air before it enters the heat pump.
  • the heat pump installation may further comprise an inlet air duct connecting the air inlet of the heat pump with the inlet vent, to ensure constant delivery of air to the heat pump.
  • the heat pump installation preferably further comprises a secondary inlet vent adapted to permit the flow of re-circulated air therethrough from the interior of the building, into the loft space in which the heat pump is installed. Where no inlet air duct is utilised, this enables indrawn air to be mixed with the re-circulated air prior to entering the heat pump.
  • the heat pump installation may further comprise a secondary inlet air duct connecting the secondary air inlet of the heat pump with the secondary inlet vent, to ensure constant delivery of air to the heat pump.
  • Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of heat pump installation according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of heat pump installation according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a first embodiment of heat pump installation, generally indicated 10, installed in a building 1 1 to be heated.
  • the heat pump installation comprises an air source heat pump 12 having a plenum chamber 13, an air inlet 14 and an air outlet 15.
  • the air source heat pump 12 is provided with an auxiliary heat exchanger 16 located between the air inlet 14 and the plenum chamber 13 in which the evaporator is housed.
  • the auxiliary heat exchanger 16 is fed with heated water by connectors 17, driven by heat recovered from the condenser. Further connectors 18 feed heater water to a domestic water system and/or a domestic heating system (hot shown), again driven by heat recovered from the condenser.
  • the air inlet 14 is connected via an inlet air duct 19 to an inlet vent 21 located in an external wall of the building 1 1 .
  • the air outlet 15 is connected via an outlet air duct 22 to an outlet vent 23 located in an external wall of the building 1 1 .
  • the air source heat pump 12 is further provided with a secondary air inlet 24, which is connected via a secondary inlet air duct 25 to a secondary inlet vent 26 located in an internal partition in the building 1 1 .
  • the inlet air duct 19 delivers air from the exterior of the building 1 1 , drawn in through the inlet vent 21 , to the air inlet 14.
  • the secondary inlet air duct 25 delivers recirculated air from the interior of the building 1 1 , drawn in through the secondary inlet vent 26, to the secondary air inlet 24.
  • the air inlet 14 and secondary air inlet 24 are arranged adjacent to one another so that the two air streams can combine in a mixing chamber 27 before entering the plenum chamber 13.
  • FIG 2 there is shown a second embodiment of heat pump installation, generally indicated 30, installed in a loft space 31 of a building 1 1 to be heated.
  • the second embodiment 30 is similar in many respects to the first embodiment 10 described above with reference to Figure 1 , and where applicable like reference numerals have been used to denote like components.
  • the second embodiment 30 does however differ from the first embodiment in a number of important respects.
  • a plurality of inlet air ducts 19 is provided, connecting a plurality of inlet vents 21 with a plurality of air inlets 14.
  • a plurality of outlet air ducts 22 are provided, connecting a plurality of outlet vents 23 with a plurality of air outlets 15. This arrangement allows for smooth and constant flow of air. It can also be seen from Figure 2 that the outlet air ducts 22 take the form of roof tile vents 32.
  • the second embodiment 30 as shown here does not feature the secondary re-circulated air feature, though the plurality of air inlets 14 and inlet air ducts 19 mean that it can easily be adapted to incorporate such a feature if required.
  • auxiliary heat exchanger 16 is provided with a motorised valve 33 in communication with thermostatic control means (not shown) adapted to activate the auxiliary heat exchanger 16 upon the ambient temperature falling below 5°C.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une pompe à chaleur modifiée (12) comprenant un circuit fermé autour duquel circule un fluide frigorigène, une chambre de distribution de chaleur (13) et un échangeur de chaleur auxiliaire (16). Le circuit fermé présente un compresseur, un condenseur, une vanne de détente et un évaporateur. L'évaporateur est situé à l'intérieur de la chambre de distribution de chaleur (13). La chambre de distribution de chaleur (13) présente également une entrée (14) conçue pour recevoir un fluide caloporteur et le diriger sur l'évaporateur, pour extraire ainsi la chaleur dudit fluide, et une sortie (15) conçue pour recevoir le fluide refroidi expulsé de la chambre de distribution de chaleur (13). L'échangeur de chaleur auxiliaire (16) est situé entre l'entrée (14) et l'évaporateur et est conçu pour chauffer ledit fluide avant qu'il passe sur l'évaporateur.
PCT/GB2011/050645 2010-06-28 2011-03-29 Pompe à chaleur modifiée WO2012001379A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA2799275A CA2799275A1 (fr) 2010-06-28 2011-03-29 Pompe a chaleur modifiee
EP11718768.2A EP2585767A2 (fr) 2010-06-28 2011-03-29 Pompe à chaleur
US13/701,623 US20130074539A1 (en) 2010-06-28 2011-03-29 Modified heat pump

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1010759.7 2010-06-28
GB1010759.7A GB2481583A (en) 2010-06-28 2010-06-28 Heat pump installation

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012001379A2 true WO2012001379A2 (fr) 2012-01-05
WO2012001379A3 WO2012001379A3 (fr) 2012-04-12

Family

ID=42583030

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2011/050645 WO2012001379A2 (fr) 2010-06-28 2011-03-29 Pompe à chaleur modifiée

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20130074539A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2585767A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2799275A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2481583A (fr)
WO (1) WO2012001379A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE1024811B1 (nl) * 2015-06-30 2018-07-10 Vero Duco Nv Ventilatiesysteem met waterpomp, en werkwijze voor het bedrijven van ventilatiesysteem

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EP2778542A1 (fr) * 2013-03-12 2014-09-17 BDR Thermea Group Installation de production d'eau chaude sanitaire dans une habitation via un chauffe-eau thermodynamique sur air extrait.
BE1021689B1 (nl) * 2013-09-25 2016-01-08 Renson Ventilation Nv Klimatisatie-inrichting en werkwijze voor het aansturen van een dergelijke klimatisatie-inrichting
SE538309C2 (sv) 2013-11-26 2016-05-10 Fläkt Woods AB Anordning och förfarande för värmning av luft vid en luftbehandlingsanordning
JP6886640B2 (ja) * 2017-10-26 2021-06-16 株式会社ノーリツ 温水暖房システム
CN109430670A (zh) * 2018-09-07 2019-03-08 广东聚腾环保设备有限公司 一种空气热源热泵巴氏灭菌系统
CN112539448A (zh) * 2020-12-08 2021-03-23 河北晖普采暖设备有限公司 一种便于维护的用于空气源热泵热风机的散热装置
NO346491B1 (no) * 2022-01-04 2022-09-05 Thomas Klemmetsen Utendørs luft til luft varmepumpeanlegg, med termisk isolert «kondenser kammer»

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE1024811B1 (nl) * 2015-06-30 2018-07-10 Vero Duco Nv Ventilatiesysteem met waterpomp, en werkwijze voor het bedrijven van ventilatiesysteem

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20130074539A1 (en) 2013-03-28
GB201010759D0 (en) 2010-08-11
CA2799275A1 (fr) 2012-01-05
GB2481583A (en) 2012-01-04
WO2012001379A3 (fr) 2012-04-12
EP2585767A2 (fr) 2013-05-01

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