WO2013018799A1 - 照明装置 - Google Patents
照明装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013018799A1 WO2013018799A1 PCT/JP2012/069465 JP2012069465W WO2013018799A1 WO 2013018799 A1 WO2013018799 A1 WO 2013018799A1 JP 2012069465 W JP2012069465 W JP 2012069465W WO 2013018799 A1 WO2013018799 A1 WO 2013018799A1
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- Prior art keywords
- deflecting
- deflection
- illuminance distribution
- illumination
- predetermined
- Prior art date
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/027—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34
- H01L21/0271—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers
- H01L21/0273—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers characterised by the treatment of photoresist layers
- H01L21/0274—Photolithographic processes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70058—Mask illumination systems
- G03F7/70191—Optical correction elements, filters or phase plates for controlling intensity, wavelength, polarisation, phase or the like
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70058—Mask illumination systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70058—Mask illumination systems
- G03F7/70075—Homogenization of illumination intensity in the mask plane by using an integrator, e.g. fly's eye lens, facet mirror or glass rod, by using a diffusing optical element or by beam deflection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70058—Mask illumination systems
- G03F7/70091—Illumination settings, i.e. intensity distribution in the pupil plane or angular distribution in the field plane; On-axis or off-axis settings, e.g. annular, dipole or quadrupole settings; Partial coherence control, i.e. sigma or numerical aperture [NA]
Definitions
- This embodiment relates to an illumination device that illuminates an object.
- the present invention relates to an illumination apparatus that is applied to an exposure apparatus used in a lithography process for manufacturing a device such as a semiconductor element or a liquid crystal display element to illuminate a projection original.
- an illumination device applied to a projection exposure apparatus using a fly-eye lens as an optical integrator is known.
- the projection original plate is illuminated in a state where light from the secondary light source formed by each wavefront dividing surface of the fly-eye lens is superimposed.
- an illumination device provided with a correction optical system for correcting the illuminance distribution of a light beam incident on a fly-eye lens for example, Patent Document 1). reference).
- the illuminance distribution of the light illuminating the projection original is different in the central part or the peripheral part of the projection original, and the intensity distribution in the angular direction of the condensed light flux depends on the position on the projection original. If there is a difference, the correction optical system is arranged between the light source and the fly-eye lens, and the illuminance distribution of the light beam incident on each wavefront splitting surface of the fly-eye lens is changed, and the light is condensed on the projection original plate. A uniform illuminance distribution is obtained by correcting the non-uniform angular distribution generated in the aperture of each light beam.
- the illumination device described in Patent Document 1 has a problem in that illumination light is absorbed and a light amount is lost by arranging a correction optical system such as a filter.
- the present embodiment has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide an illumination device that reduces illumination loss and obtains illumination having a uniform light intensity distribution or illumination having a desired light intensity distribution.
- the illumination device is an illumination device that illuminates a surface to be illuminated, and is disposed in the optical path of the illumination device and crosses the optical path.
- a secondary light source including a deflecting member that forms an illuminance distribution having a periodic pattern along a predetermined direction on the surface of the surface, and a plurality of wavefront dividing surfaces arranged on the predetermined surface, and using light beams from the deflecting member And the deflecting member forms an illuminance distribution having a periodic pattern that is an integral multiple or a unit fraction multiple of an array period of the plurality of wavefront dividing surfaces.
- the illuminating device concerning the 2nd aspect of this embodiment is an illuminating device which illuminates the to-be-illuminated surface, Comprising: It is arrange
- An optical integrator system that includes a deflection member that forms an illuminance distribution having a periodic pattern along a plurality of wavefront division surfaces and a plurality of wavefront dividing surfaces arranged on the predetermined surface, and that forms a secondary light source using a light beam from the deflection member
- the deflection member is configured to be position-adjustable in order to change the periodic pattern.
- a projection exposure apparatus includes the illumination apparatus according to the first or second aspect and a projection optical system that projects light from the illuminated surface onto the projected surface. It is characterized by that.
- the illumination method according to the fourth aspect of the present embodiment is configured to deflect an incident light beam to form an illuminance distribution having a periodic pattern on a predetermined surface, and to apply the deflected light beam to the predetermined surface.
- the illumination method according to the fifth aspect of the present embodiment is configured to deflect an incident light beam to form an illuminance distribution having a periodic pattern on a predetermined surface, and to apply the deflected light beam to the predetermined surface. Guiding a plurality of wavefront splitting surfaces arranged above to form a secondary light source, changing a periodic pattern of an illuminance distribution formed on the predetermined surface, and a light beam from the secondary light source And illuminating the surface to be illuminated.
- An exposure method illuminates a predetermined pattern located on the irradiated surface with light from a light source, and exposes the photosensitive substrate with light via the predetermined pattern.
- the illuminating includes illuminating the predetermined pattern located on the irradiated surface using the illumination method according to the fourth or fifth aspect.
- the device manufacturing method according to the seventh aspect of the present embodiment uses the exposure method according to the sixth aspect to expose an exposure pattern to the photosensitive substrate, and to transfer the exposure pattern. Developing the photosensitive substrate, forming a mask layer having a shape corresponding to the exposure pattern on the surface of the photosensitive substrate, and processing the surface of the photosensitive substrate through the mask layer. A device manufacturing method.
- an illumination device that reduces light loss and obtains illumination having a uniform light intensity distribution or illumination having a desired light intensity distribution.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an arrangement of first and second deflection elements.
- FIG. 1 shows a projection exposure apparatus provided with an illumination apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- the Z-axis is along the normal direction of the projection surface 9 on which the wafer, which is a photosensitive substrate, is arranged, and the X-axis is projected in the direction parallel to the paper surface of FIG.
- the Y axis is set in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG.
- exposure light (illumination light) is supplied from a light source 1.
- the light emitted from the light source 1 is converted into a substantially parallel light beam by the collimator lens 2 and enters the deflecting member 3.
- the configuration and function of the deflection member 3 will be described later.
- the light beam from the deflecting member 3 enters a fly eye lens system 54 composed of the first fly eye lens 4 and the second fly eye lens 5.
- the first fly-eye lens 4 of the fly-eye lens system 54 includes a plurality of lens surfaces arranged in a two-dimensional array in a plane (XY plane in the present embodiment) crossing the traveling direction of the incident light beam.
- the light beam incident on the incident surface 41 of the first fly-eye lens 4 is two-dimensionally wavefront divided into minute units by the plurality of lens surfaces.
- the light beams divided into minute units are condensed near the exit surface 51 of the second fly-eye lens 5 to form a plurality of secondary light sources.
- a surface necessary for forming one secondary light source is referred to as a wavefront dividing surface.
- a fly's eye lens has a large number of divided wavefront dividing surfaces. However, in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, a fly's eye lens having five wavefront dividing surfaces is shown for simplicity.
- the luminous flux from the secondary light source is collected by the condenser lens 6 and the surface to be illuminated 10 is Koehler illuminated.
- a reticle as a projection master having a pattern to be projected onto the projection surface 9 is arranged.
- the luminous flux from the illuminated surface 10 is condensed by the projection optical system 7 and projected onto the projected surface 9.
- the aperture stop 8 of the projection optical system 7 is disposed at a position conjugate with the position where the secondary light source is formed.
- the deflecting member 3 shown in FIG. 1 is a plate made of a material transparent to exposure light having a flat entrance surface and a sinusoidal exit surface in one direction.
- FIG. 2B is a diagram showing an arrangement relationship between the deflecting member 3 and the fly-eye lens system 54. As shown in FIG. 2B, the deflecting member 3 is viewed from the light traveling direction side. It has a size that covers the effective area of the first fly-eye lens 4 of the fly-eye lens system 54 (as viewed from the Z direction side).
- FIG. 3A is an optical path diagram for explaining the function of the deflection member 3.
- the deflection member 3 for example, when a parallel light beam that can be expressed by a large number of light rays enters the deflection member 3 from the left side in the drawing, the refraction action (light deflection action) on the exit surface of the deflection member 3 ), The density of the light beam emitted from the deflecting member 3 varies. Since the density of this light beam corresponds to the light energy density, the virtual surface P on the exit side of the deflecting member 3 has a high intensity at the position corresponding to the sine wave-like peak of the deflecting member 3 and the position corresponding to the valley. An illuminance distribution (light intensity distribution) having a period in the X direction that reduces the intensity is formed.
- the illuminance distribution 35i on the virtual plane P is shown in FIG.
- the illuminance distribution 35i has a cycle substantially equal to the unit cycle of the deflection member 3 when the distance between the virtual plane P and the deflection member 3 is close.
- An illuminance distribution whose intensity changes in the X direction is formed on the virtual plane P.
- FIG. 3C shows the relationship between the illuminance distribution having a periodic pattern formed by the deflecting member 3 and the illuminance distribution on the irradiated surface 10 when the position of the deflecting member 3 in the XY plane is in the initial state.
- FIG. 3C shows the relationship between the illuminance distribution having a periodic pattern formed by the deflecting member 3 and the illuminance distribution on the irradiated surface 10 when the position of the deflecting member 3 in the XY plane is in the initial state.
- FIG. 3C shows that the incident surface of the first fly's eye lens 4 is located at the position of the virtual plane P.
- the period of the illuminance distribution 35 i formed by the deflecting member 3 is equal to the arrangement period of the wavefront dividing surfaces of the first fly-eye lens 4, the irradiated surface 10 is passed through the condenser lens 6.
- the illuminance distribution 36i Since the illuminance distribution having the same property is superimposed on the illuminance distribution 36i, the illuminance distribution 36i having the same property as the illuminance distribution within one period of the light intensity distribution 35i is formed on the irradiated surface 10.
- the periodic pattern of the illuminance distribution formed by the deflecting member 3 is adjusted, typically the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the illuminance distribution.
- the uneven component of the illuminance distribution on the irradiated surface 10 can be controlled.
- the illuminance distribution on the irradiated surface 10 may be controlled by moving the deflecting member 3 along the pitch direction (X direction) of the deflecting member 3 in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis AX.
- the deflection member 3 generates an illuminance distribution having a tendency opposite to the non-uniform illuminance distribution on the irradiated surface 10, the non-uniform illuminance distribution on the irradiated surface 10 is uniformed. Can be approached.
- an illuminance distribution having the same period as the arrangement period of the wavefront dividing surfaces of the first fly-eye lens 4, that is, a period that is one time the arrangement period is formed on the incident surface 41 of the first fly-eye lens 4.
- an illuminance distribution having a periodic pattern that is an integral multiple or a unit fraction multiple of the arrangement period of the wavefront dividing surfaces of the first fly-eye lens 4 may be formed on the incident surface of the first fly-eye lens 4.
- an illuminance distribution that is an integral multiple (including 1 times) or unit fraction multiple of the arrangement period of the plurality of wavefront dividing surfaces is formed on the wavefront dividing surface by the deflecting member.
- the light intensity distribution in the angular direction of the light beam condensed at an arbitrary position on the irradiation surface can be made a desired distribution.
- one deflection member 3 is provided as the correction optical system.
- the number of deflection members is not limited to one, and a plurality of deflection members may be provided.
- a second embodiment including a plurality of deflecting members will be described with reference to FIGS.
- FIG. 4 the structure of the illuminating device which concerns on 2nd Embodiment is shown.
- members having the same functions as those shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 are given the same reference numerals.
- the configuration different from the configuration shown in FIG. 1 is that the first deflection element 30 and the second deflection arranged along the traveling direction of the illumination light, instead of the deflection member 3 that can be regarded as a correction optical system.
- the element 31 is provided.
- FIG. 4A the light beam incident on the first deflection element 30 and the second deflection element 31 is converted into an illuminance distribution having a periodic pattern and is incident on the incident surface 41 of the first fly-eye lens 4.
- FIG. 4B shows an arrangement relationship between the first and second deflection elements 30 and 31 and the incident surface 41 of the first fly-eye lens 4.
- the first and second deflecting elements 30 and 31 are in an initial state in which their exit surfaces have the same shape and their phases are the same.
- FIG. 5A is a diagram showing the illuminance distribution formed on the exit side by the deflection member 3 described above
- FIG. 5B shows the first and second deflection elements 30 and 31 formed on the exit side thereof. It is a figure which shows the illumination intensity distribution to do. 5A and 5B, arrows indicate the traveling directions of light incident on the deflecting member 3 or the first deflecting element 30 and the second deflecting element 31.
- the graph shown on the right side of the deflecting member 3 or the first and second deflecting elements 30 and 31 is an illuminance having a periodic pattern generated as a result of light being deflected by the deflecting member 3 or the first and second deflecting elements 30 and 31. Represents the distribution.
- the vertical axis represents the relative position with respect to the deflection member 3 or the second deflection element 31, and the horizontal axis represents the light intensity.
- first deflection element 30 and the second deflection element 31 shown in FIG. 5B have the same shape in which their exit surfaces are sin waves in one direction (X direction).
- the number of the deflecting members 3 shown in FIG. 5A is one.
- the illuminance distribution has a periodic pattern including higher peaks and deep valleys.
- the integral multiple or unit of the arrangement period of the wavefront dividing surfaces of the first fly-eye lens 4 is used.
- An illuminance distribution having a fractional periodic pattern is formed on the incident surface 41 of the first fly-eye lens 4.
- At least one of the first and second deflecting elements 30 and 31 may be rotatable around the optical axis of the illumination device or an axis parallel to the optical axis. This will be described below with reference to FIGS.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a state of arrangement of the first deflection element 30 and the second deflection element 31 and the incident surface 41 of the first fly-eye lens 4.
- the first and second deflecting elements 30 and 31 are second deflected from the initial state shown in FIG. 4B by turning the first deflecting element 30 clockwise around the optical axis AX of the illumination device. It arrange
- the first deflection element 30 and the second deflection element 31 have the same period in the direction along each exit surface.
- the periodic pattern of the illuminance distribution having the periodic pattern formed by the first deflecting element 30 and the second deflecting element 31 on the incident surface 41 of the first fly-eye lens 4 is an arrangement of the wavefront dividing surfaces of the first fly-eye lens 4. It is the same as the period.
- FIG. 7A shows a state of a light beam illuminated on the surface to be illuminated 10 when the first deflection element 30 and the second deflection element 31 are not arranged.
- the central portion 10c of the illuminated surface 10 and the peripheral portion 10p in the X direction are separated by a dotted line along the Y direction.
- FIG. 7B shows the light intensity distribution along the axis 11a passing through the origin 11c and extending in the Y direction, with the center in the opening of the light beam 11 condensed on the peripheral portion 10p of the illuminated surface 10 as the origin 11c.
- FIG. 7C shows the light intensity distribution along the axis 12a extending in the Y direction through the origin 12c with the center 12c in the opening of the light beam 12 condensed on the central portion 10c as the origin.
- the vertical axis indicates the light intensity
- the horizontal axis indicates the coordinates along the axes 11a and 12a.
- the light intensity distributions shown in FIGS. 7B and 7C are the angular directions of the light beam 11 condensed on the peripheral portion 10p of the illuminated surface 10 with respect to the reference axis connecting the origin 11c and the condensing point. And the light intensity distribution in the angular direction with respect to the reference axis connecting the origin 12c and the condensing point of the light beam 12 condensed on the central portion 10c of the illuminated surface 10 respectively.
- the state of the first and second deflection elements 30 and 31 shown in FIG. 6 is such that the first deflection element 30 and the second deflection element 31 are at the ends of the first deflection element 30 and the second deflection element 31 in the Y direction. It is in a state where valleys and valleys that have different one cycle overlap for the first time. As described above, when the first deflection element 30 and the second deflection element 31 are rotated, the first deflection element 30 and the second deflection element 31 are located in the vicinity of the centers of the first deflection element 30 and the second deflection element 31 in the Y direction. Mountains with the same period overlap, and valleys and valleys overlap. Then, peaks and peaks that differ by one cycle overlap at the ends of the first deflection element 30 and the second deflection element 31, and valleys and valleys overlap.
- a periodic pattern of illuminance distribution incident on the incident surface 41 is formed.
- the illuminance distribution having the highest intensity at the position where the peaks of the first deflecting element 30 and the second deflecting element 31 overlap with each other and the intensity with the lowest intensity at the position where the valleys overlap with each other is the incident surface of the first fly-eye lens 4.
- 41. 8A to 8D show the illuminance distribution when a light flux having a uniform illuminance distribution is incident on the first and second deflecting elements 30 and 31, and in particular, FIG. The state of the light beam illuminated on the surface to be illuminated 10 is shown.
- the fly-eye lens system has a function of superimposing the illuminance distribution on the plurality of lens surfaces (wavefront dividing surfaces) on the incident surface 41 of the first fly-eye lens 4 on the irradiated surface 10.
- the light intensity distribution in the angular direction of the light beam condensed on the peripheral portion 10p of the illumination surface 10 reflects the illuminance distribution formed on the peripheral portion of each wavefront dividing surface arranged on the incident surface 41 of the first fly-eye lens 4.
- the light intensity distribution in the angular direction of the light beam condensed on the central portion 10 c of the illuminated surface 10 is the illuminance distribution at the central portion of each wavefront dividing surface arranged on the incident surface 41 of the first fly-eye lens 4. It will be reflected.
- the light that has passed through the peripheral portion 41cp of the wavefront dividing surface 41c arranged at the center of the incident surface 41 in the Y direction is the opening angle in the direction along the axis 11a in the opening 11, that is, the optical axis AX or the optical axis. Corresponds to light with a small angle with respect to an axis parallel to.
- the light that has passed through the peripheral portion 41pp of the wavefront dividing surface arranged in the peripheral portion 41p in the Y direction of the incident surface 41 corresponds to light having a large opening angle in the direction along the axis 11a in the opening 11.
- the intensity of the light passing through the peripheral portion 41cp of the wavefront dividing surface 41c is low, and the intensity of the light passing through the peripheral portion 41pp of the wavefront dividing surface 41p is high. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 8C, in the opening 11 in the peripheral portion of the illuminated surface 10, the light intensity distribution becomes lower in intensity near the origin 11c of the shaft 11a and higher as the distance from the origin 11c increases.
- light that has passed through the central portion 41cc of the wavefront dividing surface arranged in the central portion 41c in the Y direction of the incident surface 41 corresponds to light having a small opening angle in the direction along the axis 12a in the opening 12.
- the light that has passed through the central portion 41 pc of the wavefront dividing surface 41 p arranged in the peripheral portion of the incident surface 41 corresponds to a light beam having a large opening angle in the direction along the axis 12 a in the opening 12.
- the intensity of light passing through the central portion 41cc of the wavefront dividing surface 41c is high, and the intensity of light passing through the central portion 41pc of the wavefront dividing surface 41p is low. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 8D, in the opening 12 of the central portion 10c of the illuminated surface 10, the light intensity distribution becomes higher near the origin 12c of the shaft 12a and lower as the distance from the origin 12c increases.
- the characteristic that can cancel the characteristic is deflected. It can be generated by the elements 30 and 31, and the difference due to the position of the angular distribution characteristic of the light intensity distribution on the irradiated surface can be reduced.
- first deflection element 30 and the second deflection element 31 may be moved independently or in conjunction with each other in the direction (Z direction) along the optical axis AX of the illumination device.
- the periodic pattern of the illuminance distribution formed by the first and second deflection elements 30 and 31 can be adjusted by moving at least one of the first and second deflection elements 30 and 31.
- FIG. 9 shows the positional relationship between the deflection elements 30 and 31 and the illuminance distribution formed on the exit side when the first deflection element 30 or the second deflection element 31 is moved in the X direction.
- FIG. 9 arrows indicate the traveling directions of light incident on the first and second deflection elements 30 and 31.
- the period peak or valley of the first deflection element 30 and the period valley or valley of the second deflection element 31 The range in which the mountains overlap is increased, and an illuminance distribution having a periodic pattern with a small difference in intensity between the peaks and valleys is formed.
- the first and second deflecting elements 30 and 31 are provided with sin wave-like exit surfaces having the same period, but the period of the exit surfaces of the first and second deflecting elements 30 and 31 is as follows. They may be different from each other.
- FIG. 10 shows the positional relationship between the deflection elements 30 and 31 when the cycle of the first deflection element 30 and the cycle of the second deflection element 31 are different from each other, and the deflection elements 30 and 31 are formed on the exit side. It is a figure which shows the illumination intensity distribution to do. In FIG. 10 as well, the arrows indicate the traveling directions of light incident on the first and second deflection elements 30 and 31.
- the first deflection element 30 has a slightly larger period than the second deflection element 31, and the peaks and the peaks overlap at the center of the first deflection element 30 and the second deflection element 31 in the X direction. It is configured. In this case, the intensity of the position where the mountain overlaps in the vicinity of the center of the first deflecting element 30 and the second deflecting element 31 in the X direction is the highest, As you go to the hill, the range of mountains and mountains decreases and the strength decreases.
- the intensity at the position where the valleys overlap in the vicinity of the centers of the first deflecting element 30 and the second deflecting element 31 in the X direction is the lowest, and the distance from the center of the first deflecting element 30 and the second deflecting element 31 goes to the peripheral part.
- the periodic pattern of the illuminance distribution formed by the first deflection element 30 and the second deflection element 31 shown in FIG. 10 includes a plurality of peaks and valleys in one period in the X direction.
- FIG. 11 shows the state of the light beam illuminated on the illuminated surface 10 when the positional relationship between the first and second deflection elements 30 and 31 is the state shown in FIG.
- FIG. 11A shows the state of the light beam illuminated on the illuminated surface 10 when light having a uniform illuminance distribution is incident on the first and second deflecting elements 30 and 31.
- the central portion 10c of the illuminated surface 10 and the peripheral portion 10p in the X direction are separated by a dotted line along the Y direction.
- FIG. 11B shows the light intensity distribution along the axis 11b passing through the origin 11c and extending in the X direction, with the center in the opening of the light beam 11 condensed on the peripheral portion 10p of the illuminated surface 10 as the origin 11c.
- FIG. 11C shows the light intensity distribution along the axis 12b extending in the X direction through the origin 12c with the center 12c in the opening of the light beam 12 condensed on the central portion 10c as the origin.
- the vertical axis indicates the light intensity
- the horizontal axis indicates the coordinates along the respective axes 11b and 12b.
- the light intensity distributions shown in FIG. 11B and FIG. 11C are the angular directions with respect to the reference axis connecting the origin 11c and the condensing point of the light beam 11 condensed on the peripheral portion 10p of the illuminated surface 10. And the light intensity distribution in the angular direction with respect to the reference axis connecting the origin 12c and the condensing point of the light beam 12 condensed on the central portion 10c of the illuminated surface 10 respectively.
- the first and second deflecting elements 30 and 31 form the illuminance distribution shown in FIG. 10 on the exit side, as shown in FIG. 11B, in the opening 11 of the peripheral portion 10p of the illuminated surface 10.
- the light intensity distribution becomes lower as the intensity is lower and the distance from the origin 11c is higher.
- the difference can be reduced.
- the deflection member 3 may be rotated about an axis having a predetermined angle.
- the predetermined angle is an angle formed by the optical axis AX of the illumination device and the rotation axis of the deflecting member 3.
- the predetermined angle includes 0 °, and the optical axis AX of the illumination device and the rotation axis of the deflecting member 3 may be parallel as shown in FIG.
- the deflecting member 3 may be rotated around an axis that does not intersect with the optical axis AX of the illumination device.
- the axis that does not intersect with the optical axis AX of the illumination device may be parallel to the optical axis AX or may form a predetermined angle.
- the deflection member 3 can be tilted with respect to the fly-eye lens system 45.
- Modification 1 and Modification 2 may be applied to the first and second deflection elements 30 and 31.
- the deflecting member 3 has a deflection element having the same period in the direction along the incident surface or exit surface of the deflection element and a different period in the direction along the entrance surface or exit surface of the deflection element.
- a plurality of deflection elements may be included.
- the deflecting member 3 includes four deflecting elements (first to fourth deflecting elements)
- the first and second deflecting elements have the same period
- the third deflecting element is the same as the first and second deflecting elements.
- the fourth deflection element may have a different period from that of the first to third deflection elements.
- the deflecting member 3 may simultaneously include a deflecting element that forms an illuminance distribution having the same periodic pattern and a deflecting element that forms an illuminance distribution having a different periodic pattern.
- the first and second deflecting elements are deflecting elements that form an illuminance distribution having the same periodic pattern, and the third deflecting element.
- the deflection member 3 includes four deflection elements (first to fourth deflection elements)
- the first and second deflection elements are deflection elements that form an illuminance distribution having a periodic pattern along the X direction.
- the third and fourth deflection elements may be deflection elements that form an illuminance distribution having a periodic pattern along the Y direction.
- a scanning type projection exposure apparatus that performs exposure while moving the reticle and wafer in synchronization with each other along the scanning direction (Y direction).
- the difference due to the position in the non-scanning direction of the illuminance distribution in the non-scanning direction (X direction) or the light intensity distribution in the angular direction of the light beam reaching the irradiated surface is corrected.
- the fifth modification is useful because the averaging effect in the scanning direction cannot be used.
- each deflection element can be adjusted, and each deflection element may be operated in conjunction or independently.
- the light intensity distribution in the angular direction of the light beam condensed at an arbitrary position on the irradiated surface can be changed to an arbitrary distribution.
- the optical system using refraction has been described.
- the amount of light used may be lost by the deflecting member in the ultraviolet wavelength range.
- a deflecting member using reflection or diffraction may be applied.
- the measurement device 102 that measures the illuminance distribution on the illuminated surface 10 or the angular distribution characteristics of the light intensity distribution on the illuminated surface 10, and the illuminance distribution or projected image on the projected surface 9.
- a measuring device 103 that measures the angular distribution characteristics of the light intensity distribution on the surface 9 may be provided, and the periodic pattern of the illuminance distribution formed by the deflecting member 3 may be changed based on the measurement results of these measuring devices.
- members having the same functions as the members shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 are given the same reference numerals.
- the measuring device 102 is provided so as to be movable along the extended surface 110 of the illuminated surface 10, and the angular distribution characteristics of the illuminance distribution on the illuminated surface 10 or the light intensity distribution on the illuminated surface 10. When measuring, it is inserted into the illumination optical path.
- the measuring device 103 is provided so as to be movable along the extended surface 109 of the projection surface 9 and measures the angular distribution characteristics of the illuminance distribution on the projection surface 9 or the light intensity distribution on the projection surface 9.
- the projection optical system 7 is inserted into a position in the image field.
- the outputs of these measuring devices 102 and 103 are output to the control unit 101.
- the control unit 101 changes the illuminance distribution on the illuminated surface 10 or the angular distribution characteristic of the light intensity distribution on the illuminated surface 10 to a desired distribution, and the illuminance distribution on the projected surface 9 or the light on the projected surface 9.
- a position of the deflecting member 3 for obtaining the desired angular distribution characteristic of the intensity distribution is obtained, and a control signal is output to the drive unit 104 so as to be the position.
- the driving unit 104 changes the position of the deflection member 3 based on a control signal from the control unit 101.
- the illuminance distribution on the irradiated surface 10 the light intensity distribution in the angular direction of the light beam condensed at an arbitrary position on the irradiated surface 10, the illuminance distribution on the projected surface 9, or the projected surface 9 It is possible to change the light intensity distribution in the angular direction of the light beam condensed at an arbitrary position above to an arbitrary distribution.
- the configuration in which one deflection member 3 is provided as in the first embodiment and the first and second modifications described above is described as an example.
- the control unit 101 desires an angular distribution characteristic of the illuminance distribution on the illuminated surface 10 or the light intensity distribution on the illuminated surface 10.
- the position of each deflection element for obtaining a desired distribution of the illuminance distribution on the projection surface 9 or the angular distribution characteristic of the light intensity distribution on the projection surface 9 may be obtained.
- the drive unit 104 changes the position of each deflection element based on the output control signal.
- the deflecting member has a sin-wave-shaped refracting surface.
- a refracting surface having an uneven surface in one direction may be applied. good.
- a refracting surface in which concave cylindrical surfaces and convex cylindrical surfaces are alternately arranged in one direction, or a refracting surface in which these cylindrical surfaces are replaced with a surface having a conical cross section in one direction is applied. You may do it.
- the deflecting member has a flat incident surface and an exit surface having a concave / convex curved shape, but the incident surface has a concave / convex curved shape and the exit surface has a flat shape.
- both the exit surface and the exit surface may be in the form of an uneven curved surface.
- the incident surface or the exit surface does not need to be a flat surface, and may be an aspherical surface such as a spherical surface or a cylindrical surface.
- the uneven curved surface shape of the deflecting member is not limited to the case where the surface connecting the inflection points is a flat surface, and the surface connecting the inflection points of the uneven curved surface shape is an aspheric surface such as a spherical surface or a cylindrical surface. May be.
- a laser light source such as an ArF excimer laser light source that supplies light with a wavelength of 193 nm or a KrF excimer laser light source that supplies light with a wavelength of 248 nm is used as the light source. It can.
- the collimator lens 2 may be omitted.
- a beam expander system or an afocal system may be used instead of the collimator lens 2, a beam expander system or an afocal system may be used.
- a solid light source such as an LD or LED that supplies light in the near ultraviolet wavelength region or ultraviolet wavelength region, or an ultrahigh pressure discharge lamp such as a mercury lamp may be used.
- a rod lens an internal reflection type integrator
- a condensing optical system having a front focal point at a position where the deflecting member 3 is disposed and having a rear focal point at or near the entrance surface of the rod lens is disposed between the rod lens and the deflecting member. It ’s fine.
- the general illumination using a secondary light source having a circular global luminance distribution has been described as an example.
- a secondary light source having a ring-shaped or multipolar luminance distribution is described.
- the present invention can also be applied to modified illumination using
- a spatial light modulator such as a diffractive optical element or an active mirror array that generates an annular or multipolar light intensity distribution in the far field in the optical path on the light source side of the deflecting member 3
- an optical system Frier transform optical system
- the exposure apparatus of the above-described embodiment is manufactured by assembling various subsystems including the respective constituent elements recited in the claims of the present application so as to maintain predetermined mechanical accuracy, electrical accuracy, and optical accuracy. Is done.
- various optical systems are adjusted to achieve optical accuracy
- various mechanical systems are adjusted to achieve mechanical accuracy
- various electrical systems are Adjustments are made to achieve electrical accuracy.
- the assembly process from the various subsystems to the exposure apparatus includes mechanical connection, electrical circuit wiring connection, pneumatic circuit piping connection and the like between the various subsystems. Needless to say, there is an assembly process for each subsystem before the assembly process from the various subsystems to the exposure apparatus. When the assembly process of the various subsystems to the exposure apparatus is completed, comprehensive adjustment is performed to ensure various accuracies as the entire exposure apparatus.
- the exposure apparatus may be manufactured in a clean room where the temperature, cleanliness, etc. are controlled.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing a semiconductor device manufacturing process.
- a metal film is vapor-deposited on a wafer W to be a semiconductor device substrate (step S40), and a photoresist, which is a photosensitive material, is applied on the vapor-deposited metal film.
- Step S42 the pattern formed on the mask (reticle) M is transferred to each shot area on the wafer W (step S44: exposure process), and the wafer W after the transfer is completed.
- Development that is, development of the photoresist to which the pattern has been transferred (step S46: development process).
- step S48 processing step.
- the resist pattern is a photoresist layer in which unevenness having a shape corresponding to the pattern transferred by the projection exposure apparatus of the above-described embodiment is generated, and the recess penetrates the photoresist layer. It is.
- the surface of the wafer W is processed through this resist pattern.
- the processing performed in step S48 includes, for example, at least one of etching of the surface of the wafer W or film formation of a metal film or the like.
- the projection exposure apparatus of the above-described embodiment performs pattern transfer using the wafer W coated with the photoresist as the photosensitive substrate, that is, the plate P.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing a manufacturing process of a liquid crystal device such as a liquid crystal display element.
- a pattern formation process step S50
- a color filter formation process step S52
- a cell assembly process step S54
- a module assembly process step S56
- step S50 a predetermined pattern such as a circuit pattern and an electrode pattern is formed on the glass substrate coated with a photoresist as the plate P using the projection exposure apparatus of the above-described embodiment.
- the pattern forming step includes an exposure step of transferring the pattern to the photoresist layer using the projection exposure apparatus of the above-described embodiment, and development of the plate P on which the pattern is transferred, that is, development of the photoresist layer on the glass substrate. And a developing step for generating a photoresist layer having a shape corresponding to the pattern, and a processing step for processing the surface of the glass substrate through the developed photoresist layer.
- a large number of sets of three dots corresponding to R (Red), G (Green), and B (Blue) are arranged in a matrix or three R, G, and B
- a color filter is formed by arranging a plurality of stripe filter sets in the horizontal scanning direction.
- a liquid crystal panel liquid crystal cell
- a liquid crystal panel is assembled using the glass substrate on which the predetermined pattern is formed in step S50 and the color filter formed in step S52.
- a liquid crystal panel is formed by injecting liquid crystal between a glass substrate and a color filter.
- various components such as an electric circuit and a backlight for performing the display operation of the liquid crystal panel are attached to the liquid crystal panel assembled in step S54.
- the present embodiment is not limited to application to an exposure apparatus for manufacturing a semiconductor device.
- an exposure apparatus for a display device such as a liquid crystal display element formed on a square glass plate or a plasma display. It can also be widely applied to an exposure apparatus for manufacturing various devices such as an image sensor (CCD or the like), a micromachine, a thin film magnetic head, and a DNA chip.
- this embodiment can also be applied to an exposure process (exposure apparatus) when manufacturing a mask (photomask, reticle, etc.) on which mask patterns of various devices are formed using a photolithography process.
- the present embodiment is applied to the illumination optical system that illuminates the mask in the exposure apparatus.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the irradiated surface other than the mask is illuminated.
- the present embodiment can also be applied to a general illumination optical system.
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Abstract
Description
図4に、第2実施形態に係る照明装置の構成を示す。なお、以下の説明において、上述の図1~図3に示した部材と同様の機能を有する部材には同じ符号を付してある。
2 コリメータレンズ
3、30、31 偏向部材
4,5 フライアイレンズ
6 コンデンサーレンズ
7 投影レンズ
8 開口絞り
9 被投影面
10 被照明面
41 入射面
51 出射面
54 フライアイレンズ系
Claims (17)
- 被照明面を照明する照明装置において、
前記照明装置の光路中に配置されて、前記光路を横切る所定の面上の所定方向に沿って周期パターンを持つ照度分布を形成する偏向部材と、
前記所定の面に配列された複数の波面分割面を備え、前記偏向部材からの光束を用いて二次光源を形成するオプティカルインテグレータ系とを有し、
前記偏向部材は、前記複数の波面分割面の配列周期の整数倍または単位分数倍の周期パターンを持つ照度分布を形成することを特徴とする照明装置。 - 前記偏向部材は、第1偏向素子と第2偏向素子とを有し、
前記第1および第2偏向素子は、前記偏向素子の入射面または射出面に沿った方向に周期を持つ構造をそれぞれ備え、
前記第1および第2偏向素子の前記周期は互いに同一であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の照明装置。 - 前記偏向部材は、第1偏向素子と第2偏向素子とを有し、
前記第1および第2偏向素子は、前記偏向素子の入射面または射出面に沿った方向に周期を持つ構造をそれぞれ備え、
前記第1および第2偏向素子の前記周期は互いに異なることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の照明装置。 - 前記偏向部材は、第1偏向素子と第2偏向素子とを有し、
前記第1および第2偏向素子が前記波面分割面上に形成する前記照度分布の前記周期パターンは、互いに同一であることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の照明装置。 - 前記偏向部材は、第1偏向素子と第2偏向素子とを有し、
前記第1および第2偏向素子が前記波面分割面上に形成する前記照度分布の前記周期パターンは、互いに異なることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の照明装置。 - 前記偏向部材が前記波面分割面上に形成する前記照度分布の前記周期パターンは、前記波面分割面の配列方向に沿っていることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の照明装置。
- 被照明面を照明する照明装置において、
前記照明装置の光路中に配置されて、前記光路を横切る所定の面上の所定方向に沿って周期パターンを持つ照度分布を形成する偏向部材と、
前記所定の面に配列された複数の波面分割面を備え、前記偏向部材からの光束を用いて二次光源を形成するオプティカルインテグレータ系とを有し、
前記偏向部材は、前記周期パターンを変更するために、位置調整可能に構成されていることを特徴とする照明装置。 - 前記偏向部材は、前記複数の波面分割面の配列周期の整数倍または単位分数倍の周期パターンを持つ照度分布を形成することを特徴とする請求項7に記載の照明装置。
- 前記偏向部材は、独立に位置調整可能に構成された偏向素子を少なくとも1つ有することを特徴とする請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の照明装置。
- 前記偏向部材は、互いに連動して位置調整可能に構成された第1偏向素子と第2偏向素子とを有していることを特徴とする請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の照明装置。
- 前記偏向部材は、
前記照明装置が持つ光軸に対して所定の角度を持つ軸を中心として回転可能に構成された偏向素子を少なくとも1つ有することを特徴とする請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の照明装置。 - 前記オプティカルインテグレータ系は、前記所定の面に配列された複数のレンズ面を備えるフライアイレンズを有することを特徴とする請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の照明装置。
- 請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の照明装置と、前記被照明面からの光を被投影面に投影する投影光学系とを備えた投影露光装置。
- 入射する光束を偏向して周期パターンを持つ照度分布を所定の面上に形成することと、
前記偏向された光束を前記所定の面上に配列された複数の波面分割面に導いて二次光源を形成することと、
前記二次光源からの光束を用いて被照明面を照明することとを含み、
前記周期パターンは、前記波面分割面に沿った方向に前記波面分割面の配列周期の整数倍または単位分数倍であることを特徴とする照明方法。 - 入射する光束を偏向して周期パターンを持つ照度分布を所定の面上に形成することと、
前記偏向された光束を前記所定の面上に配列された複数の波面分割面に導いて二次光源を形成することと、
前記所定の面上に形成される照度分布の周期パターンを変更することと、
前記二次光源からの光束を用いて被照明面を照明することと、
を含むことを特徴とする照明方法。 - 光源からの光により被照射面に位置する所定のパターンを照明することと、
前記所定のパターンを介した光で感光性基板を露光することと、
を含み、
前記照明することでは、請求項14または15に記載の照明方法を用いて前記被照射面に位置する前記所定のパターンを照明することを特徴とする露光方法。 - 請求項16に記載の露光方法を用いて、露光パターンを前記感光性基板に露光することと、
前記露光パターンが転写された前記感光性基板を現像し、前記露光パターンに対応する形状のマスク層を前記感光性基板の表面に形成することと、
前記マスク層を介して前記感光性基板の表面を加工することと、を含むことを特徴とするデバイス製造方法。
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US15/675,257 US10162269B2 (en) | 2011-08-04 | 2017-08-11 | Illumination device |
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