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WO2016032369A1 - Installation d'énergie solaire (et variantes) - Google Patents

Installation d'énergie solaire (et variantes) Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016032369A1
WO2016032369A1 PCT/RU2015/000495 RU2015000495W WO2016032369A1 WO 2016032369 A1 WO2016032369 A1 WO 2016032369A1 RU 2015000495 W RU2015000495 W RU 2015000495W WO 2016032369 A1 WO2016032369 A1 WO 2016032369A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
steam generator
heat
thermal energy
term storage
temperature
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/RU2015/000495
Other languages
English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Владимир Анатольевич ЧУЖМАРОВ
Original Assignee
Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Горностай"
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Горностай" filed Critical Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Горностай"
Publication of WO2016032369A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016032369A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
    • F01K3/18—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C1/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid
    • F02C1/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly
    • F02C1/05—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly characterised by the type or source of heat, e.g. using nuclear or solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S90/00—Solar heat systems not otherwise provided for
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of energy, namely to the field of use of solar energy, and can be applied to generate electric current using the energy of solar radiation as a source of thermal radiation.
  • a known solar power plant containing a closed circulation circuit filled with a low-boiling working medium, in which a solar steam generator, a steam turbine kinematically connected with an electric generator, and a condenser are connected in series.
  • the closed circulation circuit is sealed and installed in a vertical plane with the formation in it of an ascending section for raising the vapor of the working substance and a lowering section for the drain of the working substance in a liquid state.
  • the solar steam generator and the steam turbine are included in the circulation circuit at the upstream section, the condenser is included in the circulation circuit at its highest point, and at the lowering section, a hydraulic turbine is additionally included in the circulation circuit, which is kinematically connected to the steam turbine generator (RU 9901 U1, 16.05. 1999).
  • the closest analogue of the claimed invention is a solar power installation, disclosed in RU 2184873 C1, 07/10/2002.
  • the installation consists of a turbine with a low-boiling working substance, an evaporator and a condenser, while the working substance is evaporated in the evaporator due to the solar energy supplied to the evaporator through the coolant, the evaporation of the working substance occurs in the heat exchanger, one cavity of which is an evaporator, and a heat carrier heated by solar energy passes in another cavity.
  • the condenser is another heat exchanger, in one cavity of which the spent steam passes, and in another - a cooler, which
  • the cooler can be any liquid or gaseous environmental substance at the location of the installation, constantly having a temperature of 283K or lower. If there is no such environmental substance with a constant low temperature, as, for example, in the desert, then it is possible to use liquid as a cooler, cooling it at night with cold air in an additional heat exchanger. In order for the installation to work not only during the day, during the hours when the sun is shining, but also at any other time, there are additional storage tanks that are carefully insulated, one for hot coolant, and the other for
  • the main disadvantage of the known technical solution is the low efficiency and, therefore, the inability to increase the power of the entire installation.
  • the objective of the proposed technical solution is to develop an autonomous solar power installation.
  • the technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency of conversion of solar energy.
  • the proposed solar power installation (option 1), comprising at least one solar collector, a steam generator, a steam turbine, a condenser, while 5 the steam generator includes the function of a heat accumulator for short-term storage of heat energy and is a vessel with thermal insulation, filled with high-temperature liquid.
  • the installation includes a first closed circulation circuit with a high-temperature coolant, in which a collector and a steam generator are connected in series, the first circuit containing a heat exchanger located in the steam generator.
  • the installation comprises a second closed circulation circuit filled with a low boiling medium, in which a steam generator, a steam turbine kinematically connected to an electric generator are connected in series, and
  • a condenser comprising a heat exchanger connected to a cold water supply pipe and a hot water outlet pipe, the second circuit comprising a heat exchanger located in a steam generator.
  • the installation contains a third closed circulation
  • the solar power plant includes at least one collector, a heat accumulator for short-term storage of thermal energy, a steam generator, a steam turbine, a condenser, wherein the heat accumulator for short-term storage of thermal energy is filled with a high-temperature liquid.
  • This installation includes a first closed circulation circuit with a high-temperature coolant, in which a collector and a heat accumulator for short-term storage of thermal energy are sequentially connected, the first circuit containing a heat exchanger located in a heat accumulator for short-term storage of thermal energy.
  • the installation contains a second closed circulation circuit with a high-temperature liquid, in which a heat accumulator for short-term storage of thermal energy and a steam generator are sequentially connected, the second circuit containing two heat exchangers located, respectively, in a heat accumulator of short-term storage of thermal energy and in a steam generator filled with high-temperature liquid.
  • the installation also contains a third closed circulation circuit with a low boiling medium, in which a steam generator, a steam turbine kinematically connected to an electric generator, and a condenser that includes a heat exchanger connected to a cold water supply pipe and a hot water outlet pipe are connected in series, the third circuit contains a heat exchanger located in the steam generator.
  • the installation comprises a fourth closed circulation circuit with a high-temperature liquid, in which a heat accumulator for short-term storage of thermal energy and a heat accumulator for long-term storage of thermal energy filled with a high-temperature liquid are sequentially included, the fourth circuit containing two heat exchangers located, respectively, in the heat accumulator for short-term storage of thermal energy and a heat accumulator for long-term storage of thermal energy.
  • Mineral oils, salt melts are used as a high-temperature coolant.
  • the high temperature coolant contains an additive in the form of carbon nanotubes.
  • the low-boiling working substance is freon, ethyl alcohol.
  • Mineral oils and molten salts are used as high-temperature liquids.
  • Shell and tube heat exchangers are used.
  • FIG. 1 - Scheme of a solar power plant (option 1):
  • FIG. 2 - Scheme of a solar power installation (option 2).
  • FIG. 1 shows a solar power plant comprising at least one solar collector (1), a steam generator (3), a steam turbine (4) and a condenser (6).
  • the steam generator (2) includes the function of a heat accumulator for short-term storage of thermal energy and is a vessel with thermal insulation, filled with high-temperature liquid.
  • the installation includes a first closed circulation circuit (7) with a high-temperature coolant, in which a collector (1) and a steam generator (2) are connected in series, the first circuit (7) containing a heat exchanger (8) located in the steam generator (2), and the circulation of the high-temperature the coolant is carried out using a circulation pump (not shown).
  • the second closed circulation circuit (22) is filled low-boiling working substance, in which a steam generator (3), a steam turbine (4) kinematically connected to an electric generator (5), and a condenser (6), which includes a heat exchanger (13) connected to a cold water supply pipe (14), are connected in series and a pipeline (15) for the release of hot water, the second circuit (22) containing a heat exchanger (25) located in the steam generator, and the circulation of the low boiling medium is carried out using a circulation pump (not shown).
  • the second closed circuit (22) contains a check valve (17) installed at the inlet to the steam generator (3) for supplying low-boiling substance.
  • the installation contains a third closed circulation circuit (26) with a high-temperature liquid, in which a steam generator (3) and a heat accumulator (19) for long-term storage of thermal energy, filled with a high-temperature liquid, are sequentially connected, and the third circuit contains two heat exchangers (23, 24), located, respectively, in the steam generator (3) and the heat accumulator (19) for long-term storage of thermal energy, and the circulation of the high-temperature liquid is carried out using a circulation pump (not shown).
  • FIG. 2 shows a solar power plant comprising at least one collector (1), a heat accumulator (2) for short-term storage of thermal energy, a steam generator (3), a steam turbine (4) and a condenser (5), moreover, a heat accumulator (2) for short-term storage thermal energy is filled with a high-temperature liquid.
  • the installation includes a first closed circulation circuit (7) with a high-temperature coolant, in which a collector (1) and a heat accumulator (2) for short-term storage of thermal energy are sequentially connected, and the first circuit (7) contains a heat exchanger (8) located in the heat accumulator (2 ) short-term storage of thermal energy, and the circulation of high-temperature coolant is carried out at using a circulation pump (not shown).
  • the second closed circulation circuit (9) is filled with a high-temperature liquid, in which the heat accumulator (2) for short-term storage of thermal energy and a steam generator (3) are successively connected, and the second (9) circuit contains two heat exchangers (10, 11) located, respectively, in a heat accumulator (2) for short-term storage of thermal energy and in a steam generator (3) filled with a high-temperature liquid, and the circulation of the high-temperature liquid is carried out using a circulation pump (not shown).
  • the third closed circulation circuit (12) is filled with a low-boiling working medium, in which a steam generator (3), a steam turbine (4) kinematically connected to an electric generator (5), and a condenser (6), which includes a heat exchanger (13) connected to a pipeline (14) for supplying cold water and a pipeline (15) for the exit of hot water, the third circuit comprising a heat exchanger (16) located in the steam generator (3), and the circulation of the low boiling medium is carried out using a circulation pump (not shown).
  • the third closed circuit (12) contains a check valve (17) installed at the inlet of the steam generator (3) for supplying low-boiling substance.
  • the installation comprises a fourth closed circulation circuit (18) with a high-temperature liquid, in which a heat accumulator (2) for short-term storage of thermal energy and a heat accumulator (19) for long-term storage of thermal energy filled with a high-temperature liquid are sequentially included, and the fourth circuit (18) contains two a heat exchanger (20, 21) located, respectively, in a heat accumulator (2) for short-term storage of thermal energy and a heat accumulator (19) for long-term storage of thermal energy, and irkulyatsiya high temperature liquid is carried out by means of a circulation pump (not shown).
  • the working area of the solar collector is from several tens to several hundred m 2 . If the installation contains more than one collector, then they are connected in a closed loop in parallel or in series.
  • the heat accumulator for short-term storage of thermal energy contains vacuum insulation and maintains a temperature of 150-200 ° without recharging for 72 hours.
  • the heat accumulator for long-term storage of thermal energy contains vacuum insulation and maintains a temperature of 150-200 ° without recharging for 1,500 hours.
  • the steam generator contains thermal insulation, for example, made of foam glass, or use vacuum.
  • Closed circulation circuits are a metal pipe with thermal insulation, for example, made of 15 foam glass.
  • Mineral oils based on alkylnaphthenic and alkylaromatic hydrocarbons are used as a high-temperature coolant, and a mixture of high-temperature KN0 3 and NaN0 3 melts is used as high-temperature salt melts.
  • a high-temperature coolant contains an additive in the form of carbon nanotubes with a diameter of 10-50 nm and a length of 70-100 nm in an amount of 0.1-1 vol. % If the content of nanotubes is less than 0.1%, the degree of absorption of solar insolation will be low, and if the content of nanotubes is more than 1%, it will lead to a 25 increase in the cost of the coolant.
  • shell-and-tube heat exchangers As shell-and-tube heat exchangers, a coil and any other known heat exchangers are used.
  • the first closed circulation circuit (7) is filled with a high-temperature coolant that circulates through circuit (7) with a circulation pump (not shown).
  • the coolant enters two solar collectors (in Fig. 1, marked pos. 1), each with an area of 25 m, which are connected to the circuit in parallel, where it is heated by solar energy.
  • the heated heat carrier enters the heat exchanger (8) located in the steam generator (3), where heat is transferred from the heat carrier to the high-temperature liquid, which is located in the steam generator (3).
  • the coolant re-enters the collector and the cycle repeats.
  • the steam enters the steam turbine (4), where part of the energy of the working steam of the turbine (4), combined with the electric generator (5), is converted into electricity, which is spent on maintaining the functionality of the sludge installation and on the electricity needed by the consumer (lighting, power supply of household appliances and etc.).
  • the vapors of the working substance enter the condenser (6), where the condensation occurs due to the heat exchanger (13), which receives cold water through the pipeline (14).
  • the low-boiling working substance enters the second closed loop (22) and the cycle repeats, and the heated hot water from the heat exchanger (13) through the pipeline (15) is supplied to the consumer's needs.
  • the temperature of the high-temperature liquid should be 150-200 ° ⁇ .
  • the first closed circulation circuit (7) is filled with a high-temperature coolant with an additive in the form of carbon nanotubes in an amount of 0.1 vol. % that circulates through the circuit using a circulation pump (not shown).
  • the coolant enters the solar collector (1) with an area of 150 m 2 , where it is heated by solar power.
  • the heated heat carrier enters the heat exchanger (8) located in the heat accumulator for short-term storage of thermal energy (2), where heat is transferred from the heat carrier to the high-temperature liquid in the 5 heat accumulator for short-term storage of thermal energy (2).
  • the coolant re-enters the collector (1) and the cycle repeats.
  • the second closed circulation circuit (9) is filled with a high-temperature fluid that circulates through the circuit using a circulation pump (not shown).
  • a high-temperature liquid being heated in a heat exchanger (10) located in a heat accumulator for short-term storage of thermal energy (2), enters a heat exchanger (1 1) located in a steam generator (3) filled with a high-temperature liquid and gives off heat to the high-temperature liquid. Then high temperature fluid
  • the steam enters the steam turbine (4), where part of the energy of the working steam of the turbine (4), combined with the electric generator (5), is converted into electricity, which is spent on maintaining the functionality of the installation or on the electricity needed by the consumer (lighting, household power
  • the system contains a fourth closed circulation circuit (18), filled with a high-temperature liquid that circulates through the circuit using a circulation pump (not shown).
  • the fourth circuit includes successively a heat accumulator (2) for short-term 5 storage of thermal energy and a heat accumulator (19) for long-term storage of thermal energy filled with a high-temperature liquid, the fourth circuit containing two heat exchangers (20, 21) located, respectively, in the heat accumulator (2) for short-term storage of thermal energy and a heat accumulator (19) for long-term storage of thermal energy.
  • the temperature of the high-temperature liquid should be 150-200 ° ⁇ .
  • the temperature of the high-temperature liquid in the heat accumulator (2) for short-term 15 storage of thermal energy should be 150-200 ° ⁇ , and in the heat accumulator (19) for long-term storage of thermal energy - 150-250 ° ⁇ .
  • a circulation pump (not shown) 20 is turned on, which delivers hot high-temperature liquid to the heat accumulator (2) for short-term storage of thermal energy from the heat accumulator (19) for a long time storing thermal energy, thereby increasing the temperature of the high-temperature liquid in the heat accumulator (2) for short-term storage of thermal energy to the required value using heat exchange occurring between the heat exchanger (20) and the high temperature fluid.
  • the circulation pump is turned on, which delivers the hot high-temperature liquid heated in the heat exchanger (20) to heat accumulator heat exchanger (21) for long-term storage of thermal energy.
  • the present invention allows to obtain an autonomous solar installation, while increasing the efficiency of conversion of solar energy.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne les domaines du génie énergétique et notamment le domaine d'utilisation de l'énergie solaire et peut s'utiliser pour la génération de courant électrique en utilisant l'énergie du rayonnement solaire en tant que source de rayonnement thermique. Cette invention permet d'augmenter l'efficacité de conversion d'énergie solaire. L'installation d'énergie solaire comprend au moins un collecteur solaire, un générateur de vapeur, une turbine à vapeur et un condenseur. Le générateur de vapeur comprend les fonctions de réservoir thermique à conservation de courte durée d'énergie thermique et se présente comme un récipient à isolation thermique rempli d'un liquide à haute température. L'installation comprend un premier circuit de circulation en boucle fermée à substance de travail haute température dans lequel on a intégré l'un après l'autre un collecteur et un générateur de vapeur, le premier circuit comprenant un échangeur de chaleur disposé dans le générateur de vapeur. L'installation comprend un deuxième circuit de circulation en boucle fermée à substance de travail à point d'ébullition bas dans lequel on a ménagé l'un après l'autre un générateur de vapeur, une turbine à vapeur reliée cinématiquement au générateur électrique et un condenseur qui comprend un échangeur de chaleur relié à une canalisation destinée à l'amenée d'eau froide ainsi qu'à une canalisation destinée à la sortie d'eau chaude, le deuxième circuit comprenant un échangeur thermique disposé dans le générateur de vapeur.
PCT/RU2015/000495 2014-08-29 2015-08-10 Installation d'énergie solaire (et variantes) WO2016032369A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2014135294/06A RU2559093C1 (ru) 2014-08-29 2014-08-29 Солнечная энергетическая установка
RU2014135294 2014-08-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016032369A1 true WO2016032369A1 (fr) 2016-03-03

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WO (1) WO2016032369A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111307479A (zh) * 2020-02-14 2020-06-19 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 一种以蒸汽为工作介质的储热设备的性能测试系统

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2649724C2 (ru) * 2015-08-10 2018-04-04 Закрытое Акционерное Общество "Скб" Способ автономного энергосбережения от солнечной энергии
RU2723263C1 (ru) * 2019-07-15 2020-06-09 Юрий Максимович Коломеец Система солнечного теплоснабжения с регулируемой поглощательной способностью

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RU2032082C1 (ru) * 1990-02-23 1995-03-27 Товарищество с ограниченной ответственностью "Ди Си Ди" Солнечная модульная энергетическая установка
US6279312B1 (en) * 1997-06-05 2001-08-28 Deutsches Zentrum Fuer Luft- Und Raumfahrt E.V. Gas turbine with solar heated steam injection system
RU2184873C1 (ru) * 2000-12-13 2002-07-10 Исачкин Анатолий Федорович Силовая установка на солнечной энергии

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RU2111422C1 (ru) * 1995-03-06 1998-05-20 Энергетический научно-исследовательский институт им.Г.М.Кржижановского Солнечная комбинированная электростанция
RU2249162C1 (ru) * 2003-09-25 2005-03-27 Гаврил Захарович Марко Солнечная паротурбинная установка
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RU2032082C1 (ru) * 1990-02-23 1995-03-27 Товарищество с ограниченной ответственностью "Ди Си Ди" Солнечная модульная энергетическая установка
US6279312B1 (en) * 1997-06-05 2001-08-28 Deutsches Zentrum Fuer Luft- Und Raumfahrt E.V. Gas turbine with solar heated steam injection system
RU2184873C1 (ru) * 2000-12-13 2002-07-10 Исачкин Анатолий Федорович Силовая установка на солнечной энергии

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111307479A (zh) * 2020-02-14 2020-06-19 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 一种以蒸汽为工作介质的储热设备的性能测试系统

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