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WO2016039759A1 - Additif issu de bananiers pour compositions de ciment - Google Patents

Additif issu de bananiers pour compositions de ciment Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016039759A1
WO2016039759A1 PCT/US2014/055201 US2014055201W WO2016039759A1 WO 2016039759 A1 WO2016039759 A1 WO 2016039759A1 US 2014055201 W US2014055201 W US 2014055201W WO 2016039759 A1 WO2016039759 A1 WO 2016039759A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cement composition
cement
additive
sap
pseudo stem
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2014/055201
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Deepika BUDDHIRAJU
Mayank N. PATIL
Original Assignee
Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. filed Critical Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
Priority to PCT/US2014/055201 priority Critical patent/WO2016039759A1/fr
Publication of WO2016039759A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016039759A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/42—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells
    • C09K8/46—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement
    • C09K8/467—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement containing additives for specific purposes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
    • C04B18/18—Waste materials; Refuse organic
    • C04B18/24—Vegetable refuse, e.g. rice husks, maize-ear refuse; Cellulosic materials, e.g. paper, cork
    • C04B18/248—Vegetable refuse, e.g. rice husks, maize-ear refuse; Cellulosic materials, e.g. paper, cork from specific plants, e.g. hemp fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/0068—Ingredients with a function or property not provided for elsewhere in C04B2103/00
    • C04B2103/0072—Biodegradable materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/46—Water-loss or fluid-loss reducers, hygroscopic or hydrophilic agents, water retention agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/60—Agents for protection against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2103/67—Biocides
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

  • Cement compositions can be used in a variety of oil and gas operations. Some of the properties of the cement compositions can be improved by including an additive of banana pseudo stem sap into the cement composition.
  • the banana pseudo stem sap can be environmentally-friendly and biodegradable and can be a multi-functional additive.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a system for preparation and delivery of a cement composition to a wellbore according to certain embodiments.
  • Fig. 2A illustrates surface equipment that may be used in placement of a cement composition into a wellbore.
  • Fig. 2B illustrates placement of a cement
  • composition into an annulus of a wellbore.
  • Oil and gas hydrocarbons are naturally occurring in some subterranean formations.
  • a subterranean formation containing oil or gas is referred to as a reservoir.
  • a reservoir may be located under land or off shore.
  • Reservoirs are typically located in the range of a few hundred feet (shallow reservoirs) to a few tens of thousands of feet (ultra-deep reservoirs) .
  • a wellbore is drilled into a reservoir or adjacent to a reservoir.
  • the oil, gas, or water produced from the wellbore is called a reservoir fluid.
  • a well can include, without limitation, an oil, gas, or water production well, an injection well, or a
  • a well includes at least one wellbore.
  • a wellbore can include vertical, inclined, and horizontal portions, and it can be straight, curved, or
  • the term "wellbore” includes any cased, and any uncased, open-hole portion of the wellbore.
  • a near-wellbore region is the subterranean material and rock of the subterranean formation surrounding the wellbore.
  • a “well” also includes the near-wellbore region.
  • the near-wellbore region is generally considered the region within approximately 100 feet radially of the wellbore.
  • into a well means and includes into any portion of the well, including into the wellbore or into the near-wellbore region via the wellbore.
  • into a subterranean formation means and includes into any portion of a subterranean formation including, into a well, wellbore, or the near-wellbore region via the wellbore.
  • a portion of a wellbore may be an open hole or cased hole.
  • a tubing string may be placed into the wellbore.
  • the tubing string allows fluids to be introduced into or flowed from a remote portion of the wellbore.
  • a casing is placed into the wellbore that can also contain a tubing string.
  • a wellbore can contain an annulus .
  • annulus examples include, but are not limited to: the space between the wellbore and the outside of a tubing string in an open-hole wellbore; the space between the wellbore and the outside of a casing in a cased-hole wellbore; and the space between the inside of a casing and the outside of a tubing string in a cased-hole wellbore .
  • cement composition is a mixture of at least cement and water.
  • a cement composition can include additives.
  • cement means an initially dry substance that develops compressive strength or sets in the presence of water.
  • An example of cement is Portland cement.
  • a cement composition is a fluid and is generally a slurry in which the water is the external phase of the slurry and the cement (and any other insoluble particles) is the internal phase.
  • the external phase of a cement composition can include dissolved solids.
  • a “fluid” is a substance having a continuous phase that tends to flow and to conform to the outline of its container when the substance is tested at a temperature of 71 °F (22 °C) and a pressure of 1 atmosphere “atm” (0.1 megapascals "MPa”) .
  • a fluid can be a liquid or gas.
  • a homogenous fluid has only one phase; whereas a heterogeneous fluid has more than one distinct phase.
  • a heterogeneous fluid can be: a slurry, which includes an external liquid phase and undissolved solid particles as the internal phase; an emulsion, which includes an external liquid phase and at least one
  • a foam which includes an external liquid phase and a gas as the internal phase
  • a mist which includes an external gas phase and liquid droplets as the internal phase
  • a cement composition in a cased-hole wellbore, can be placed into and allowed to set in an annulus between the wellbore and the casing in order to stabilize and secure the casing in the wellbore.
  • cementing the casing in the wellbore By cementing the casing in the wellbore, fluids are prevented from flowing into the annulus. Consequently, oil or gas can be produced in a controlled manner by directing the flow of oil or gas through the casing and into the wellhead.
  • Cement compositions can also be used in primary or secondary cementing operations, well- plugging, or squeeze cementing.
  • cement composition has reached the portion of the well to be cemented, the cement composition ultimately sets.
  • set and all grammatical variations thereof means the process of developing compressive strength and becoming hard or solid through curing.
  • a cement composition that thickens too quickly while being pumped can damage pumping equipment or block tubing or pipes, and a cement composition that sets too slowly can cost time and money while waiting for the composition to set .
  • a cement composition it is desirable for a cement composition to have certain properties, such as a desired thickening time,
  • a variety of additives can be included in a cement composition to help obtain the certain properties.
  • composition is mixed according to the following procedure.
  • the water is added to a mixing container and the container is then placed on a mixer base.
  • the motor of the base is then turned on and maintained at 4,000 revolutions per minute "rpm" (+/- 200 rpm) .
  • the cement and any additives are added to the container at a uniform rate in not more than 15 seconds (s) .
  • a cover is then placed on the container, and the cement composition is mixed at 12,000 rpm (+/- 500 rpm) for 35 s ( +/- 1 s) .
  • test requires the test be performed at a specified temperature and possibly a specified pressure, then the
  • temperature and pressure of the cement composition is ramped up to the specified temperature and pressure after being mixed at ambient temperature and pressure.
  • the cement composition can be mixed at 71 °F (22 °C) and 1 atm (0.1 MPa) and then placed into the testing apparatus and the temperature of the cement composition can be ramped up to the specified temperature.
  • temperature is in the range of about 3 °F/min to about 5 °F/min (about 1.67 °C/min to about 2.78 °C/min) .
  • the purpose of the specific rate of temperature ramping during measurement is to simulate the temperature profile experienced by the cement composition as it is being pumped downhole. After the cement composition is ramped up to the specified temperature and possibly specified pressure, the cement composition is
  • a cement composition can develop compressive strength.
  • An additive can be included in a cement composition to increase its compressive strength.
  • An additive such as a strength-retrogression additive, can also be included to
  • Certain cement compositions such as foamed cement compositions tend to have lower compressive strengths compared to other non-foamed compositions. Being able to increase the compressive strength of foamed cement
  • cement composition compressive strengths can vary from 0 psi to over 10,000 psi (0 to over 69 MPa) .
  • Compressive strength is generally measured at a specified time after the composition has been mixed and possibly cured at a specified temperature and pressure.
  • Compressive strength can be measured, for example, at a time of 24 hours. Compressive strength can be measured by a destructive method or non-destructive method. The destructive method mechanically tests the compressive strength of a cement
  • the cement composition is mixed.
  • the cement composition is then placed into a test cell for a specified time at a specified temperature until the cement composition has set.
  • composition is then removed from the test cell and then placed into a compression-testing device, such as a Tinius Olsen Press, USA with fully automated hydraulics controlled by software.
  • a compression-testing device such as a Tinius Olsen Press, USA with fully automated hydraulics controlled by software.
  • the pressure is gradually increased until the cement composition breaks.
  • the destructive compressive strength is calculated as the force required to break the cement composition divided by the smallest cross-sectional area in contact with the load- bearing plates of the compression-testing device.
  • pressure such as pound-force per square inch (psi) or
  • MPa megapascals
  • the non-destructive compressive strength method continually measures correlated compressive strength of a cement composition sample throughout the test period by utilizing a non-destructive sonic device such as an Ultrasonic Cement Analyzer (UCA) available from FANN® Instruments in Houston, Texas.
  • UCA Ultrasonic Cement Analyzer
  • the cement composition is mixed.
  • the cement composition is then placed in an Ultrasonic Cement Analyzer and tested at a specified
  • the UCA continually measures the transit time of the acoustic signal through the sample.
  • the UCA device contains preset algorithms that correlate transit time to compressive strength.
  • the UCA reports the non-destructive compressive strength of the cement composition in units of pressure, such as psi or MPa.
  • the compressive strength of a cement composition can be used to indicate whether the cement composition has initially set or is set.
  • the "initial setting time” is the difference in time between when the cement and any other ingredients are added to the water and when the
  • the "setting time” is the difference in time between when the cement and any other ingredients are added to the water and when the
  • composition has set at a specified temperature. It can
  • cement compositions sometimes take up to 48 hours or longer for a cement composition to set. Some cement compositions can continue to develop compressive strength over the course of several days.
  • a cement set accelerator can be added to decrease the setting time and/or thickening time of a cement composition.
  • thickening time is how long it takes for a cement composition to become unpumpable at a specified
  • composition is related to the consistency of the composition.
  • the consistency of a cement composition is measured in Bearden units of consistency (Be) , a dimensionless unit with no direct conversion factor to the more common units of viscosity.
  • Be Bearden units of consistency
  • a cement composition becomes "unpumpable" when the consistency of the composition reaches 70 Be.
  • Fluids, such as water, included in a cement composition can penetrate into the surrounding subterranean formation. This is commonly referred to as fluid loss.
  • the loss of significant amounts of fluid from the cement composition into the formation can adversely affect, inter alia, the
  • a fluid loss additive in a cement composition in order to help minimize the amount of fluid that is lost from the cement composition into the subterranean formation.
  • the "fluid loss" of a cement composition is tested according to the API 10B section 10, Recommended Practice for Field Testing Well Cements procedure at a specified temperature and pressure differential as follows.
  • the cement composition is mixed.
  • the heating jacket of the testing apparatus is preheated to approximately 6 °C (10 °F) above the specified temperature.
  • the cement composition is stirred for 30 min. using a field mixer.
  • the cement composition is poured into a filter cell.
  • the testing apparatus is
  • the cement composition is heated to the specified temperature.
  • the lower valve stem is opened and the specified pressure differential is set.
  • a timer is started and the filtrate out of the testing apparatus is collected in a separate volumetric container. The testing is performed for 30 min. The total volume of filtrate collected is read. Fluid loss is measured in milliliters (mL) of fluid collected in 30 min. The total mL of fluid loss is then multiplied by 2 to obtain the API fluid loss for the treatment fluid in units of mL/30 min.
  • a suspending agent can also be added to a cement composition to provide good suspension of the cement and/or a good sag factor. It is desirable for cement composition to have a low sedimentation value for a desired amount of time, which is indicative of good suspending properties and sag factor.
  • sag factor SF testing is performed according to API 10B-2 Recommended Practice for Testing Well Cements Section 15.6 as follows. The cement composition is mixed. The density of the cement composition is measured. The cement composition is then poured into a sedimentation testing tube. The cement composition is then stirred to remove any air bubbles and more cement composition is added to the tube to completely fill the tube. The tube is then sealed and can include an optional pressurization closure to prevent spillage of the composition. The sealed tube is then placed into a water-filled chamber that is pre-heated to the specified testing temperature for a
  • the tube is then removed from the chamber and allowed to cool.
  • the set cement composition is then removed from the tube and placed in water to keep the cement from drying out. The length of the set cement is measured. The cement is then cut or broken into at least two segments
  • a sag factor of greater than 0.50 indicates that the cement composition has a potential to sag and some of the insoluble particles have settled;
  • a sag factor equal to 0.50 is considered to be a good sag factor and illustrates a cement composition with good suspending properties.
  • composition is that the composition exhibit good rheology.
  • Rheology is a measure of how a material deforms and flows.
  • the "rheology" of a cement composition is measured according to API Recommended Practice 10-B2, First Edition, July 2005 as follows.
  • the cement composition is mixed.
  • the cement composition is placed into the test cell of a rotational viscometer, such as a FANN® Model 35 viscometer, fitted with a Bob and Sleeve attachment and a spring number 1.
  • the cement composition is tested at the specified temperature and ambient pressure, about 1 atm (0.1 MPa) .
  • Rheology readings are taken at multiple revolutions per minute (rpm) , for example, at 3, 6, 100, 200 and 300 rpm.
  • the yield point of a cement composition can indicate the resiliency of a cement composition.
  • the yield point is the elastic limit, or the point at which a material can no longer deform elastically. When the elastic limit is exceeded by an applied stress, permanent deformation occurs.
  • the yield point (“YP”) is defined as the value obtained from the Bingham-Plastic rheological model when extrapolated to a shear rate of zero.
  • the yield point of a cement composition is calculated as the difference between the plastic viscosity and the 300 rpm dial reading, expressed in units of lb/100 sq. ft.
  • the "plastic viscosity" (PV) of a drilling fluid is obtained from the Bingham-Plastic
  • the PV value can have an effect on the equivalent circulating density ("ECD") of a cement composition.
  • ECD is the effective circulating density exerted by a fluid against the formation taking into account the flow rate and pressure drop in the annulus above the point being considered, and is measured as the difference in a cement composition' s measured surface density at the well head and the cement composition' s equivalent circulating density downhole.
  • a low ECD is when the difference between the surface density and the equivalent circulating density downhole is relatively small.
  • a high PV may increase the ECD due to a greater pressure drop in the annulus caused by internal fluid friction.
  • a low PV may help minimize the amount of density increase, or equivalent circulating density caused by pumping the fluid. In addition to desiring a low PV value, it is also desirable to have a low ECD.
  • Free fluid can be a result of a non-homogenous cement composition.
  • free fluid can arise from having too much liquid, such as water, or migrating gas in the cement composition or
  • Free fluid can comprise excess water containing dissolved solids and/or other solids from the cement composition that can float to the top of the cement composition. Free fluid typically is observed during cement hydration, but technically can occur at any time after the cement and water have been mixed together. Because the free fluid is less dense than the remaining cement composition, the free fluid tends to rise to the top of the cement composition in a container or wellbore.
  • One of the major problems with the formation of free fluid in a cement composition is that poor or incomplete cement bonding to a tubular in a wellbore, such as a casing, can occur. This can cause a weak area in the wellbore annulus where the cement composition did not bond with the tubular .
  • the amount of "free fluid" in a cement composition is performed according to API Recommended Practice 10-B2, First Edition, July 2005, Section 15.4 as follows.
  • the cement composition is mixed. Between 100
  • composition-filled length to the inside tube diameter is greater than 6:1 and less than 8:1.
  • the composition is then heated to the specified temperature and allowed to remain static in the tube for the specified period of time.
  • the volume fraction, ⁇ , of free fluid, expressed as a percent, is then calculated using the following equation:
  • V F the volume (mL) of free fluid
  • V s the total volume (mL) of the cement composition placed into the tube.
  • biodegradable means the quality of not having toxic or injurious effects on biological systems. For example, if the cement composition is used in off ⁇ shore drilling, then a release of its additives into the water would not be harmful to aquatic life.
  • OSPAR Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic) Commission has developed a pre-screening scheme for evaluating chemicals used in off-shore drilling.
  • OSPAR a chemical used in off-shore drilling should be substituted with an "environmentally-friendly" chemical if any of the following are met: a. it is on the OSPAR LCPA (List of Chemicals for
  • biodegradation less than 60% in 28 days (OECD 306 or any other OSPAR-accepted marine protocol) , or in the absence of valid results for such tests: less than 60% (OECD 301B, 301C, 301D, 301F, Freshwater BODIS) ; or less than 70% (OECD 301A, 301E) ;
  • bioaccumulation BCF > 100 or log P ow ⁇ 3 and molecular weight ⁇ 700, or if the conclusion of a weight of evidence judgement under Appendix 3 of OSPAR Agreement 2008-5 is
  • Biodegradability refers to tests, which allow prolonged exposure of the test substance to microorganisms. As used herein, a substance with a biodegradation rate of >20% is regarded as "inherently primary biodegradable.” A substance with a biodegradation rate of >70% is regarded as "inherently ultimate biodegradable.” A substance passes the
  • biodegradability test if the substance is regarded as either inherently primary biodegradable or inherently ultimate
  • An additive can also be considered safe if it is a food grade product.
  • food grade means considered safe for use in food by the United States Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA) . In other words, consumption of a food grade product is considered to not cause harm to the consumer by the U.S. FDA.
  • Additives can also be used to prevent microbial growth, bond the cement and materials to the casing or wall of the wellbore, and control attacks from CO 2 (carbon dioxide gas) and/or H 2 S (hydrogen sulfide gas) .
  • CO 2 carbon dioxide gas
  • H 2 S hydrogen sulfide gas
  • biocides can be included in a cement composition to help prevent and/or
  • High-density additives such as iron or manganese ore particles, can also be included in a cement composition to increase the overall density of the composition.
  • these heavy, insoluble particles can settle out of the composition or provide poor bonding between the cement particles or the casing or wall of the wellbore. Therefore, a bonding agent can be included to help bond particles together and the cement composition to the casing or wellbore wall.
  • An acid gas well is a well containing high amounts of an acid gas, such as carbon dioxide gas
  • a sour gas well is a well containing high amounts of a sour gas, such as hydrogen sulfide gas.
  • the permeability of the cement composition can help prevent migration of an acid or sour gas through the set cement composition. Permeability refers to how easily fluids can flow through a material. For example, if the permeability is high, then fluids will flow more easily and more quickly through the material. If the permeability is low, then fluids will flow less easily and more slowly through the
  • permeability of at least 100 millidarcy (mD) .
  • low permeability means the material has a
  • the cement composition prefferably has a low permeability to prevent migration of the gases throughout.
  • a cement composition may also be desirable for a cement composition to have a low heat of hydration, especially for off-shore drilling.
  • Gas hydrates occur naturally in cold environments where the temperature and pressure are sufficient to freeze water.
  • gas hydrates occur naturally onshore in permafrost regions, and at certain depths in the sea, where water and gas combine at low temperatures and high pressures to form the hydrate. The temperature and pressure of the
  • a gas hydrate remains stable. For example, at higher pressures, methane hydrates remain stable at temperatures up to 18 °C. However, above a certain temperature and below a certain pressure, a gas hydrate can become destabilized. As used herein, the word
  • the cage-like structure no longer sequesters the gas molecules and the gas molecules are free to move and behave like a gas instead of a solid.
  • the overall heat given off during the hydration reaction of the cement with water can vary.
  • a cement composition in order to maintain stable gas hydrates, it may be desirable for a cement composition to have a low heat of
  • the "heat of hydration" test of a cement composition could be performed in a standard calorimeter or can also be performed as follows.
  • the cement composition is mixed.
  • a known amount of the cement composition is then placed into a Thermos bottle.
  • the mass fraction of each material by weight of the total weight of the composition tested is
  • thermocouple is coated with a small amount of grease so it may be removed from the set cement composition after the test is concluded.
  • the thermocouple is inserted through a Styrofoam stopper so that the thermocouple tip will be in the center of the cement composition during testing.
  • the Thermos bottle is sealed with the Styrofoam stopper.
  • Thermos bottle is placed into an insulated curing container.
  • the thermocouple is connected to a temperature recorder.
  • the initial temperature of the cement composition is recorded.
  • the temperature of the composition is continually recorded after the initial temperature has been recorded.
  • the temperature is recorded for at least 8 hours after the maximum temperature has been reached to verify that no other chemical reactions will occur .
  • the "heat of hydration" of the cement composition is then calculated as follows and is expressed in units of British Thermal Units per pound (BTU/lb) .
  • BTU/lb British Thermal Units per pound
  • ⁇ ⁇ ( ⁇ XCp) Eq. 2
  • ⁇ the calculated adiabatic temperature rise from Eq. 1
  • ⁇ the summation of the products of X and C p for each ingredient in the cement composition
  • X is the mass fraction for each ingredient
  • C p is the specific heat capacity for each ingredient in units of BTU/lb * °F.
  • the specific heat capacity for each ingredient can be found in literature or calculated using known equations. By way of example, the specific heat capacity of water is 1.000 BTU/lb * °F.
  • the sap is multi-functional; the sap is environmentally friendly, biocompatible, biodegradable, and food grade; and the cost of the cement composition can be decreased.
  • the pseudo stem sap of the banana plant is generally made up of 90% water and 10% of minerals, such as sodium, potassium, calcium, chlorides, sugars, lipids, resins etc.
  • the sap was used as an antiseptic lotion on wounds in ancient days.
  • the sap has anti ⁇ bacterial and anti-fungal properties as well.
  • India is the largest country in cultivating banana plantations with zero exports. It produces 11,000,000 metric tons of banana fields. Using the pseudo stem sap can help reduce waste after
  • a cement composition for use in a well that penetrates a subterranean formation comprises: cement; water; and an additive comprising banana pseudo stem sap.
  • a method of cementing in a subterranean formation comprises: introducing the cement composition into the subterranean formation; and allowing the cement composition to set.
  • any reference to the unit "gallons” means U.S. gallons.
  • any reference to a "test cement composition” means a cement composition that consists essentially of, or consists of, the cement, the water, and the additive comprising banana pseudo stem sap and in the same proportions as the cement composition that is introduced into the subterranean formation.
  • the cement composition includes cement.
  • the cement can be a hydraulic cement.
  • a variety of hydraulic cements may be utilized including, but not limited to, those comprising calcium, aluminum, silicon, oxygen, iron, and/or sulfur, which set and harden by a reaction with water.
  • Suitable hydraulic cements include, but are not limited to, Portland cements, gypsum cements, high alumina content cements, slag cements, high magnesia content cements, and combinations
  • the hydraulic cement may comprise a Portland cement.
  • the Portland cements are classified as Classes A, C, H, and G cements
  • the cement is Class G or Class H cement.
  • the cement composition includes water.
  • the water can be selected from the group consisting of freshwater,
  • the cement composition can also include a water- soluble salt.
  • the salt is selected from sodium chloride, calcium chloride, calcium bromide, potassium chloride, potassium bromide, magnesium chloride, and any combination thereof in any proportion.
  • the salt can be in a concentration in the range of about 0.1% to about 40% by weight of the water.
  • the cement [0046] According to an embodiment, the cement
  • the cement composition has a density of at least 4 pounds per gallon "ppg" (0.5 kilograms per liter "kg/L") .
  • the cement composition can have a density in the range of about 4 to about 24 ppg (about 0.5 to about 2.9 kg/L) .
  • the cement composition can be a foamed cement composition.
  • Foamed cement compositions can generally have a density in the range of about 4 to about 14 ppg (about 0.5 to about 1.7 kg/L) .
  • the cement composition includes an additive comprising banana pseudo stem sap.
  • the methods can further include providing the banana pseudo stem sap.
  • the step of providing can include obtaining the sap from a manufacturer.
  • the sap can be obtained from banana plants.
  • the pseudo stem can be collected.
  • the stems can then be crushed to extract the juice in a similar manner as how sugar cane juice is extracted.
  • the sap thus obtained can then be filtered and optionally stored for use as the additive.
  • the banana pseudo stem sap can be in a concentration in the range of about 0.05 to about 5 gallons per sack of the cement (gal/sk), or about 1 to about 4 gal/sk.
  • the additive is a liquid crystal [0048] According to an embodiment, the additive
  • banana pseudo stem sap is a multi-functional additive (i.e., it provides more than one desirable property, such as thickening time and compressive strength, to the cement
  • the banana pseudo stem sap is environmentally friendly, biocompatible, optionally biodegradable and food grade. As such, the sap can be used in many countries that impose environmental regulations.
  • the banana pseudo stem sap is an anti-fungal and anti-bacterial substance. As such, the sap does not produce bacterial growth. According to certain embodiments, the cement composition does not include a biocide. This is because a biocide is not necessary in order to consume produced bacteria because there are no bacteria produced from the banana pseudo stem sap.
  • the cement composition can have a good
  • the cement composition can have a nondestructive compressive strength greater than 500 psi (3 MPa) , preferably greater than 1,000 psi (7 MPa), at a temperature of 55 °F (12.8 °C) , a pressure of 3,000 psi (21 MPa), and a time of 72 hours.
  • the cement composition can have a non-destructive compressive strength greater than 1,000 psi (7 MPa), preferably greater than 3,000 psi (21 MPa), at a temperature of 125 °F (52 °C) a pressure of 3,000 psi (21 MPa), and a time of 24 hours.
  • the cement composition can have a destructive compressive strength greater than 500 psi (3 MPa) , preferably greater than 1,000 psi (7 MPa), at a temperature of 55 °F (12.8 °C) and a time of 72 hours.
  • the cement composition can have a destructive compressive strength greater than 1,000 psi (7 MPa), preferably greater than 3,000 psi (21 MPa), at a temperature of 125 °F (52 °C) and a time of 24 hours.
  • the cement composition can also have a compressive strength greater than 500 psi (3 MPa) , preferably greater than 1,000 psi (7 MPa), at the bottomhole temperature of the subterranean formation.
  • the term "bottomhole” means the location within the subterranean formation where the cement composition is situated.
  • the additive comprising banana pseudo stem sap is in at least a sufficient concentration to provide the stated compressive strengths to the cement composition.
  • the additive comprising banana pseudo stem sap can function as a strength enhancer for the cement composition and can increase the compressive strength of the cement composition.
  • the additive comprising banana pseudo stem sap can increase the compressive strength of a test cement composition compared to a substantially identical cement composition except without the additive comprising banana pseudo stem sap.
  • the cement composition can have a good thickening time and setting time.
  • the cement composition can have a thickening time in the range of about 30 minutes to about 15 hours, alternatively of about 1 to about 12 hours, at a
  • the cement composition can have a thickening time in the range of about 30 minutes to about 15 hours, alternatively of about 1 to about 12 hours, at the bottomhole temperature and pressure of the subterranean formation.
  • the cement composition can have a setting time of less than 48 hours, preferably less than 24 hours, at the bottomhole temperature of the subterranean formation.
  • the additive comprising banana pseudo stem sap is in at least a sufficient concentration to provide the stated thickening times and setting times to the cement composition. In other words, the additive comprising banana pseudo stem sap can function as a set
  • the additive comprising banana pseudo stem sap can decrease the thickening time of a test cement composition compared to a substantially identical cement composition except without the additive comprising banana pseudo stem sap.
  • the amount of decrease in the thickening times can be a large decrease - this is especially true at lower temperatures, for example, at temperatures below 75 °F (24 °C) .
  • the cement composition can have a good fluid loss (i.e., a very small amount of fluid loss, if any) .
  • the cement composition can have an API fluid loss of less than 5 mL/min, preferably less than 2 mL/min at the bottomhole temperature and pressure of the subterranean formation.
  • the additive comprising banana pseudo stem sap is in at least a sufficient concentration to provide the stated fluid loss to the cement composition.
  • the additive comprising banana pseudo stem sap can function as a fluid loss control additive for the cement composition and can decrease the amount of fluid loss from the cement composition into the subterranean formation.
  • the additive comprising banana pseudo stem sap can decrease the fluid loss of a test cement composition compared to a substantially identical cement composition except without the additive comprising banana pseudo stem sap. Due to good gel values and the thixotropic nature of the cement composition, complete or partial control of losses to the formation can be achieved.
  • the cement composition can have good suspending properties and a good sag factor. Any insoluble particles in the cement composition can remain suspended throughout the liquid external phase of the cement composition and not settle to the bottom of the column of fluid. This is confirmed by API sedimentation test.
  • the cement composition can also have a sag factor less than or equal to 0.50. According to certain
  • the additive comprising banana pseudo stem sap is in at least a sufficient concentration to provide the stated suspending properties and sag factor to the cement composition.
  • the additive comprising banana pseudo stem sap can function as a suspending agent for the cement composition and can provide a stable cement composition. Accordingly, the additive comprising banana pseudo stem sap can provide stable test cement composition and a sag factor less than or equal to 0.50 to a test cement composition compared to a substantially identical cement composition except without the additive
  • the cement composition can have a good yield point and low equivalent circulating density (ECD) .
  • the cement composition can have yield point greater than about 15 lb/100 sq. ft. at a temperature of 55 °F (12.8 °C) .
  • composition can have yield point greater than about 70 lb/100 sq. ft. at a temperature of 125 °F (52 °C) .
  • composition can have a yield point greater than about 20 at the bottomhole temperature and pressure of the subterranean
  • the cement composition can also have a good ECD.
  • the additive comprising banana pseudo stem sap is in at least a sufficient concentration to provide the stated yield point and low ECD to the cement
  • the additive comprising banana pseudo stem sap can function as a resiliency additive for the cement composition and can increase the resiliency of the cement composition. Accordingly, the additive comprising banana pseudo stem sap can increase the yield point and resiliency and lower the ECD of a test cement composition compared to a substantially identical cement composition except without the additive
  • the cement composition can have a low amount of free fluid.
  • the cement composition can have a free fluid value of less than 15%, preferably less than 5%, at a temperature of 80 °F (27 °C) and a time of 2 hours.
  • the cement composition can have a free fluid value of less than 15%, preferably less than 5%, at the bottomhole temperature and pressure of the subterranean formation after introduction into the well.
  • the additive comprising banana pseudo stem sap is in at least a sufficient concentration to provide the stated free fluid value to the cement composition.
  • the additive comprising banana pseudo stem sap can function as a free fluid control agent for the cement composition and can decrease the amount of free fluid in the cement composition.
  • the additive comprising banana pseudo stem sap can decrease the amount of free fluid in a test cement composition compared to a substantially identical cement composition except without the additive comprising banana pseudo stem sap.
  • the additive comprising banana pseudo stem sap can decrease the permeability of the cement composition.
  • the permeability is preferably decreased such that the cement composition does not suffer from acid gases or sour gases, such as carbon dioxide gas or hydrogen sulfide gas.
  • the additive comprising banana pseudo stem sap is in at least a sufficient concentration to provide the desired permeability to the cement composition. Accordingly, the additive comprising banana pseudo stem sap can decrease the permeability of a test cement composition compared to a
  • substantially identical cement composition except without the additive comprising banana pseudo stem sap.
  • the additive comprising banana pseudo stem sap can also be a bonding agent.
  • the banana pseudo stem sap can help insoluble particles bond within the cement composition to the cement and each other, as well as help the cement composition bond with wellbore casing or the wall of the wellbore.
  • the cement composition can have a heat of hydration (HOH) less than 50 British Thermal Units "BTU" per pound (BTU/lb), preferably less than 40 BTU/lb.
  • the additive comprising banana pseudo stem sap can be in a concentration by weight of the cement such that the cement composition has a heat of hydration (HOH) less than 50 BTU/lb, preferably less than 40 BTU/lb.
  • This embodiment can be useful when the cement composition is used in cold environments, such as Permafrost regions or deep off-shore drilling where gas hydrates are likely to form.
  • the cement composition can contain other ingredients, it is the banana pseudo stem sap that is primarily or wholly responsible for providing the stated properties, such as compressive strength and thickening time, to the cement composition. Therefore, it is not necessary for the cement composition to include other additives to achieve the desired properties. It is also to be understood that any discussion related to a "test cement
  • composition is included for purposes of demonstrating that the cement composition can contain other ingredients, but it is the banana pseudo stem sap that provides the desired properties. Therefore, while it may not be possible to test the specific cement composition used in a wellbore operation in a laboratory, one can formulate a test cement composition to identify if the ingredients and concentration of the ingredients will provide the stated property (e.g., the desired compressive strength).
  • the cement composition can further include other additives.
  • other additives include, but are not limited to, a filler, a friction reducer, a light-weight
  • the cement composition can include a filler.
  • Suitable examples of fillers include, but are not limited to, fly ash, sand, clays, and vitrified shale.
  • the filler can be in a concentration in the range of about 5% to about 50% by weight of the cement (bwoc) .
  • the cement composition can include a friction reducer.
  • Suitable examples of commercially-available friction reducers include, but are not limited to, CFR-2TM, CFR-3TM, CFR- 5LETM, CFR-6TM, and CFR-8TM, marketed by Halliburton Energy
  • the friction reducer can be in a concentration in the range of about 0.1% to about 10% bwoc.
  • the cement composition can include a set
  • set retarder Suitable examples of commercially-available set retarders include, but are not limited to, and are marketed by Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. under the tradenames HR®-4, HR®-5, HR®-6, HR®-12, HR®-20, HR®-25, SCR-100TM, and SCR-500TM.
  • the set retarder can be in a concentration in the range of about 0.05% to about 10% bwoc.
  • the cement composition can include a light-weight additive.
  • Suitable examples of commercially-available light ⁇ weight additives include, but are not limited to, and are marketed by Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. under the
  • the light-weight additive can be in a concentration in the range of about 5% to about 50% bwoc.
  • additives include, but are not limited to, and are marketed by Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. under the tradenames HIGH DENSE® No. 3, HIGH DENSE® No. 4, BARITETM, and MICROMAXTM, heavy- weight additives; WELLLIFE® 665, WELLLIFE ® 809, and WELLLIFE ® 810 mechanical property enhancers.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a system that can be used in the preparation of a cement composition and delivery to a wellbore according to certain embodiments.
  • the cement composition can be mixed in mixing equipment 4, such as a jet mixer, re-circulating mixer, or a batch mixer, for example, and then pumped via pumping equipment 6 to the wellbore.
  • mixing equipment 4 and the pumping equipment 6 can be located on one or more cement trucks.
  • a jet mixer can be used, for example, to
  • the surface equipment 10 can include a cementing unit 12, which can include one or more cement trucks, mixing equipment 4, and pumping equipment 6 (e.g., as depicted in Fig. 1) .
  • the cementing unit 12 can pump the cement
  • composition 14 through a feed pipe 16 and to a cementing head 18, which conveys the cement composition 14 downhole.
  • the method embodiments include the step of introducing the cement composition into the subterranean
  • the cement composition 14 can be introduced into a subterranean formation 20.
  • the step of introducing can include pumping the cement composition into the subterranean formation using one or more pumps 6.
  • the step of introducing can be for the purpose of at least one of the following: well completion; foam cementing; primary or secondary cementing operations; well-plugging; squeeze cementing; and gravel packing.
  • the cement composition can be in a pumpable state before and during introduction into the subterranean formation 20.
  • the subterranean formation 20 is penetrated by a well 22.
  • the well can be, without
  • an oil, gas, or water production well an injection well, a geothermal well, or a high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) well.
  • the well can be located on land or off shore.
  • the step of introducing includes introducing the cement composition into the well 22.
  • the additive comprising banana pseudo stem sap is also capable of functioning quite well in both low- and high-temperature wells.
  • the well can have a bottomhole temperature in the range of about 50 °F to about 400 °F (about 10 °C to about 204 °C) .
  • the wellbore 22 comprises walls 24.
  • a surface casing 26 can be inserted into the wellbore 22.
  • the surface casing 26 can be cemented to the walls 24 via a cement sheath 28.
  • One or more additional conduits e.g., intermediate casing, production casing, liners, etc.
  • casing 30 can also be disposed in the wellbore 22.
  • One or more centralizers 34 can be attached to the casing 30, for example, to centralize the casing 30 in the wellbore 22 prior to and during the
  • the subterranean formation 20 is penetrated by a wellbore 22 and the well includes an annulus 32 formed between the casing 30 and the walls 24 of the wellbore 22 and/or the surface casing 26.
  • the step of introducing includes introducing the cement composition into a portion of the annulus 32.
  • the cement composition 14 can be pumped down the interior of the casing 30.
  • the cement composition 14 can be allowed to flow down the interior of the casing 30 through the casing shoe 42 at the bottom of the casing 30 and up around the casing 30 into the annulus 32.
  • other techniques can also be utilized for introduction of the cement composition 14.
  • reverse circulation techniques can be used that include introducing the cement composition 14 into the
  • the cement composition 14 may displace other fluids 36, such as drilling fluids and/or spacer fluids that may be present in the interior of the casing 30 and/or the annulus 32. At least a portion of the displaced fluids 36 can exit the annulus 32 via a flow line 38 and be deposited, for example, in one or more retention pits 40 (e.g., a mud pit) , as shown on Fig. 2A.
  • a bottom plug 44 can be introduced into the wellbore 22 ahead of the cement composition 14, for example, to separate the cement composition 14 from the fluids 36 that may be inside the casing 30 prior to cementing.
  • a diaphragm or other suitable device ruptures to allow the cement composition 14 through the bottom plug 44.
  • the bottom plug 44 is shown on the landing collar 46.
  • a top plug 48 can be
  • the method embodiments also include the step of allowing the cement composition to set.
  • the step of allowing can be performed after the step of introducing the cement composition into the subterranean formation.
  • embodiments can include the additional steps of perforating, fracturing, or performing an acidizing treatment, after the step of allowing.
  • a first set of cement compositions (Comp. #1) were prepared having a density of 15.92 pounds per gallon (ppg) (1.9 kilograms per liter "kg/L") and contained the following ingredients: Class G cement; tap water at a concentration of 43.69% by weight of the cement (bwoc) ; and varying concentrations of banana pseudo stem sap ("B-SAP") listed in units of gallons per sack of the cement (gal/sk) .
  • a second set of cement compositions (Comp. #2) were prepared having a density of 13.5 ppg (1.62 kg/L) and contained the following ingredients: Class G cement; tap water at a
  • Table 1 lists the non-destructive and destructive compressive strengths of the cement compositions and the concentration of the banana pseudo stem sap (gal/sk) .
  • the nondestructive compressive strength was performed at the listed temperatures and the listed times and a pressure of 3,000 psi (21 MPa) .
  • the destructive compressive strength samples were cured at the listed temperature for the listed times.
  • Compressive strengths were reported in units of psi.
  • compositions containing the banana pseudo stem sap had a much higher compressive strength compared to the control compositions that did not contain the B-SAP.
  • the 13.5 ppg control cement composition exhibited too much settling of the insoluble particles to perform compressive strength testing.
  • the Comp. #2 with 1.0 gal/sk of the B-SAP had
  • Table 2 lists the thickening time of the cement compositions and the concentration of the banana pseudo stem sap (gal/sk) .
  • the thickening time test was performed at the listed temperatures and a pressure of 5,120 psi (35 MPa) and reported in units of hours and minutes (hr:min) .
  • compositions containing the banana pseudo stem sap had lower thickening times compared to the control compositions that did not contain the B-SAP.
  • the low-density compositions #2 exhibited longer thickening times compared to the higher-density compositions #1.
  • the addition of the B-SAP into the low-density Comp. #2 decreased the thickening time from about 56 hours down to about 12 hours. This indicates that at both higher and lower density compositions and at higher and lower temperatures, the B-SAP functions very effectively as a set accelerator .
  • Table 3 lists the specific gravity for the top, middle, and bottom segments of a cement composition containing the banana pseudo stem sap at a concentration of 0.5 gal/sk for the 15.92 ppg (1.91 SG) composition.
  • the specific gravity was measured after static aging for 24hr at a temperature of 190 °F (88 °C) and a pressure of 3,000psi (20.7 MPa) in an autoclave.
  • Table 4 lists the concentration of the banana pseudo stem sap (gal/sk), rheology, yield point ("YP") listed in units of pounds per 100 square feet (lb/100 sq. ft.), and the % free fluid for Comp. #1 and Comp. #2.
  • Rheology testing was performed at a temperature of 75 °F (24 °C) .
  • Free fluid testing was performed at a temperature of 80 °F (27 °C) and a time of 2 hours .
  • the exemplary fluids and additives disclosed herein may directly or indirectly affect one or more components or pieces of equipment associated with the preparation, delivery, recapture, recycling, reuse, and/or disposal of the disclosed fluids and additives.
  • the disclosed fluids and additives may directly or indirectly affect one or more mixers, related mixing equipment, mud pits, storage
  • fluid separators used to generate, store, monitor, regulate, and/or recondition the exemplary fluids and additives.
  • the disclosed fluids and additives may also directly or indirectly affect any transport or delivery equipment used to convey the fluids and additives to a well site or downhole such as, for example, any transport vessels,
  • conduits, pipelines, trucks, tubulars, and/or pipes used to fluidically move the fluids and additives from one location to another, any pumps, compressors, or motors (e.g., topside or downhole) used to drive the fluids and additives into motion, any valves or related joints used to regulate the pressure or flow rate of the fluids, and any sensors (i.e., pressure and temperature), gauges, and/or combinations thereof, and the like.
  • the disclosed fluids and additives may also directly or
  • fluids and additives such as, but not limited to, drill string, coiled tubing, drill pipe, drill collars, mud motors, downhole motors and/or pumps, floats,
  • compositions and methods are described in terms of “comprising, “ “containing,” or “including” various components or steps, the compositions and methods also can “consist essentially of” or “consist of” the various components and steps. Whenever a numerical range with a lower limit and an upper limit is

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Abstract

Cette invention concerne une composition de ciment destinée à être utilisée dans un puits foré dans une formation souterraine, comprenant : du ciment ; de l'eau ; et un additif comprenant de la sève issue du pseudo-tronc du bananier. L'invention concerne en outre un procédé de cémentation dans une formation souterraine, comprenant les étapes consistant à : introduire la composition de ciment dans la formation souterraine ; et laisser durcir la composition de ciment.
PCT/US2014/055201 2014-09-11 2014-09-11 Additif issu de bananiers pour compositions de ciment WO2016039759A1 (fr)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11492873B2 (en) * 2020-09-03 2022-11-08 Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations, Llc Method of removing non-aqueous drilling mud with banana containing fluid
US11976239B2 (en) 2020-09-03 2024-05-07 Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations Llc Method of removing non-aqueous drilling mud with banana containing fluid

Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR810001629B1 (ko) * 1977-11-30 1981-10-27 제임스 디 : 심프선 수경화성 시멘트 조성물
US20060174802A1 (en) * 2001-08-06 2006-08-10 Jean-Philippe Bedel Low density fibre-reinforced cement composition
US20090188670A1 (en) * 2008-01-25 2009-07-30 Ying Xu Additives for High Alumina Cements and Associated Methods
US20100096139A1 (en) * 2008-10-17 2010-04-22 Frac Tech Services, Ltd. Method for Intervention Operations in Subsurface Hydrocarbon Formations
US20100130388A1 (en) * 2008-05-07 2010-05-27 Alhad Phatak Method for treating well bore in a subterranean formation with high density brines and complexed metal crosslinkers

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR810001629B1 (ko) * 1977-11-30 1981-10-27 제임스 디 : 심프선 수경화성 시멘트 조성물
US20060174802A1 (en) * 2001-08-06 2006-08-10 Jean-Philippe Bedel Low density fibre-reinforced cement composition
US20090188670A1 (en) * 2008-01-25 2009-07-30 Ying Xu Additives for High Alumina Cements and Associated Methods
US20100130388A1 (en) * 2008-05-07 2010-05-27 Alhad Phatak Method for treating well bore in a subterranean formation with high density brines and complexed metal crosslinkers
US20100096139A1 (en) * 2008-10-17 2010-04-22 Frac Tech Services, Ltd. Method for Intervention Operations in Subsurface Hydrocarbon Formations

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11492873B2 (en) * 2020-09-03 2022-11-08 Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations, Llc Method of removing non-aqueous drilling mud with banana containing fluid
US11976239B2 (en) 2020-09-03 2024-05-07 Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations Llc Method of removing non-aqueous drilling mud with banana containing fluid

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