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WO2018141784A1 - Procédé permettant de faire fonctionner un moteur électrique - Google Patents

Procédé permettant de faire fonctionner un moteur électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018141784A1
WO2018141784A1 PCT/EP2018/052382 EP2018052382W WO2018141784A1 WO 2018141784 A1 WO2018141784 A1 WO 2018141784A1 EP 2018052382 W EP2018052382 W EP 2018052382W WO 2018141784 A1 WO2018141784 A1 WO 2018141784A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
commutation
duration
winding
block length
voltage
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2018/052382
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Martin Viereckel
Christoph VAN BOOVEN
Original Assignee
Danfoss Commercial Compressors S.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Danfoss Commercial Compressors S.A. filed Critical Danfoss Commercial Compressors S.A.
Publication of WO2018141784A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018141784A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/14—Electronic commutators
    • H02P6/15—Controlling commutation time
    • H02P6/157—Controlling commutation time wherein the commutation is function of electro-magnetic force [EMF]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/14—Electronic commutators
    • H02P6/16—Circuit arrangements for detecting position
    • H02P6/18—Circuit arrangements for detecting position without separate position detecting elements
    • H02P6/182—Circuit arrangements for detecting position without separate position detecting elements using back-emf in windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/26—Arrangements for controlling single phase motors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for operating an electrical machine as well as a computing unit and a computer program for its implementation.
  • Electric machines with permanently or externally excited rotor and one or more windings for the stator in particular synchronous machines, e.g. So-called brushless DC motors (BLDC, brushless DC) can be controlled, for example, via a microcontroller, with stator currents generally being set by means of a pulse-controlled inverter.
  • the rotor position whose knowledge of the control, in particular also for commutation, of the electrical machine is generally required, can be determined, for example, via the zero crossings of a so-called pole wheel voltage. Since, for example, in a block commutation, only two winding phases are energized outside the actual commutation process, the pole wheel voltage can be detected in a respective currentless winding strand.
  • An inventive method is used to operate an electric machine with permanent and / or foreign-excited rotor and a plurality of winding strands for a stator, in particular a synchronous machine. It may in particular be a three-phase electric machine, but more phases (or winding phases), for example, five or seven, are conceivable.
  • the electric machine is operated in block commutation, in each of which one of the winding strands energized for a block length and after commutation another of the winding strands is energized.
  • the block length is then adjusted taking into account a duration of the commutation between the winding phases at a current operating point. Particularly preferably, this adjustment can also be made continuously.
  • Durations can be understood here to mean periods of time as well as angle durations or angular differences, which can be converted into one another taking account of a rotational speed or angular velocity of the electrical machine.
  • a duration of such a commutation would mean that duration until the current in the winding strand from which it is switched off decays is.
  • a time or angle at which the current has subsided Only when this current has subsided, then, for example, an induction voltage can be detected or determined, for example, to determine a position of the rotor.
  • a duration between two energizations of the winding strands would allow a constant gap length with a short duration of the commutation a larger gap, in which the induction voltage can be detected or determined, as necessary.
  • a longer block length leads to a lower current in the winding strands and thus to a more efficient operation of the electrical machine.
  • the adaptation of the block length taking into account a duration of the commutation thus allows a more efficient operation than when using a constant block length.
  • the block length is adapted in such a way that a duration between two energizations of a winding strand complements the duration of the commutation by a fixed value or a value dependent on the duration of the commutation.
  • the duration between two energisations can thus be made as small as possible in order to detect or determine, for example, the induction voltage just just reliably.
  • the duration of the commutation is determined on the basis of zero crossings of the voltage which occur due to the commutation. This is a particularly simple and accurate way to determine the current duration of the commutation.
  • the duration of the commutation is determined on the basis of a current in the phase windings at the current operating point and taking into account an inductance of the phase windings.
  • the block length is adjusted between a minimum value and a maximum value.
  • the minimum value may be 120 ° and / or the maximum value 180 °. This represents the widest possible bandwidth for the block length, in which still reliable detection of the induction voltage is possible.
  • a position of the rotor relative to the stator is also determined.
  • the position of the rotor relative to the stator can be determined based on zero crossings of the voltage which occur due to the rotation of the rotor. In this way, very easily, for example, with a stored reference position, the position of the rotor can be determined. This allows a targeted commutation in the control of the electrical machine. Thus, for example, every 30 ° after a zero crossing, a switching operation in the course of commutation be made when, for example, a three-phase electric machine is used.
  • An arithmetic unit according to the invention e.g. a control device of a motor vehicle is, in particular programmatically, configured to perform a method according to the invention.
  • Suitable data carriers for providing the computer program are in particular magnetic, optical and electrical memories, such as e.g. Hard drives, flash memory, EEPROMs, DVDs, etc. It is also possible to download a program via computer networks (Internet, intranet, etc.).
  • Figure 1 shows schematically and simplified an electrical machine, in which a method according to the invention can be carried out.
  • FIG. 2 shows an idealized energization of the winding strands of such an electric machine.
  • FIG. 3 shows an idealized course of a winding phase voltage during the operation of such an electrical machine.
  • FIG. 4 shows different block lengths when using a method according to the invention in a preferred embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 schematically and simplified shows an electrical machine 100 in which a method according to the invention can be carried out.
  • the electric machine 100 in the present case is a brushless DC motor.
  • the electric machine 100 has a stator 1 10, which in turn has three winding strands 1 1 1, 1 12, 1 13, for example. Furthermore, the electric machine 100 has a rotor 120 which, for example, has a permanent magnet. For each of the winding phases, which have an inductance, an unspecified resistance is plotted. Furthermore, by way of example, a winding phase voltage U mo t and a winding phase current l mot . located. Furthermore, a circuit arrangement 180 is shown, to which the three winding strands 1 1 1, 1 12, 1 13 are connected.
  • the circuit arrangement has six switches, for example semiconductor switches such as transistors (eg MOSFETs, IGBTs), by means of which the three winding strands can be alternately connected to positive and negative voltage or ground, for example, and one of which is denoted by reference numeral 181 is.
  • semiconductor switches such as transistors (eg MOSFETs, IGBTs)
  • FIG. 2 shows an idealized energization of the winding phases of an electrical machine, as shown in FIG.
  • a current I is plotted over an angle ⁇ of the rotor with respect to the stator for each of the three winding strands.
  • the currents in the three winding phases are here designated by lu, lv and l w for the three winding phases in the sense of phases.
  • the energization ie a block length ⁇ , in each case lasts 120 ° and begins in each case 30 ° after a zero crossing of the respective phase voltage.
  • block commutation This is a conventional energization ("block commutation"), which can take place by suitable actuation of the switches, as shown in FIG. It is assumed that the three winding phases or phases are arranged symmetrically distributed on the stator.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram of a profile of a winding phase voltage during operation of an electrical machine, as shown in FIG. For this purpose, a voltage U is plotted against the angle ⁇ .
  • the winding phase voltage U mo t is composed here of the Polradschreib U'mot, the ohmic and inductive voltage drop across the winding strand and a superimposed voltage due to the commutation of the other phases.
  • a commutation (including both a beginning and an end of the current supply) takes place, as can also be seen from FIG.
  • a sign V of the winding phase voltage U mo t is plotted against the angle ⁇ . Based on the sign V, the zero crossings of the winding phase voltage U mo t can be determined. In the present case occur at the angles ⁇ - ⁇ , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 and ⁇ 4 zero crossings.
  • the zero crossings ⁇ and ⁇ 4 result from the course of the Polradbeginning U'mot and thus from the rotation of the rotor. From this, the position of the rotor relative to the stator can be determined.
  • the duration of the commutation that is determined in the Frame of the present invention is also referred to as a third duration and can be used for example as Vor Kunststoffwert.
  • FIG. 4 shows various block lengths when using a method according to the invention in a preferred embodiment.
  • a current I is plotted over an angle ⁇ of the rotor with respect to the stator for one of the three winding strands (similar to FIG. 2).
  • L between two energizations of the winding strand is, however, significantly greater than the duration ⁇ of the commutation.
  • the block length can therefore be adjusted taking into account the duration ⁇ of the commutation.
  • the block length is extended to
  • ⁇ ' 150 °. This leads accordingly to a reduction in the duration between two energizations of the winding strand to L '.
  • the duration corresponding to this fixed value W is sufficient in this case to detect or determine, for example, the induction voltage.
  • the adaptation of the block length can be carried out in particular (quasi) continuously, i. an increase of only a few degrees can also be made, so that only small changes in the operating point can be reacted. Furthermore, the adjustment from one to another

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé permettant de faire fonctionner un moteur électrique (100) pourvu d'un rotor permanent et/ou excité extérieurement (120) et plusieurs faisceaux d'enroulement (111, 112, 113) pour un stator (110). Le moteur électrique (100) fonctionne dans un mode à commutation de blocs selon lequel un des faisceaux d'enroulement (111, 112, 113) est respectivement parcouru par un courant pendant une longueur de bloc et, après une commutation, un autre des faisceaux d'enroulement (111, 112, 113) est parcouru par un courant, la longueur de bloc étant adaptée en un point de travail actuel en tenant compte d'une durée de la commutation entre les faisceaux d'enroulement (111, 112, 113).
PCT/EP2018/052382 2017-01-31 2018-01-31 Procédé permettant de faire fonctionner un moteur électrique WO2018141784A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017201476.8A DE102017201476A1 (de) 2017-01-31 2017-01-31 Verfahren zum Betrieb einer elektrischen Maschine
DE102017201476.8 2017-01-31

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018141784A1 true WO2018141784A1 (fr) 2018-08-09

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2018/052382 WO2018141784A1 (fr) 2017-01-31 2018-01-31 Procédé permettant de faire fonctionner un moteur électrique

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102017201476A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018141784A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5486743A (en) * 1992-11-19 1996-01-23 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Inverter and air conditioner controlled by the same
WO1998035428A1 (fr) * 1997-02-05 1998-08-13 Fisher & Paykel Limited Commande de moteur a cc sans balai
EP1734648A1 (fr) 2005-06-13 2006-12-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Excitation asymétrique d'un moteur électrique sans capteur et sans balai
DE102015216279A1 (de) * 2015-08-26 2017-03-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Ermitteln eines Vorkommutierungswinkels einer elektrischen Maschine

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10127670A1 (de) 2001-06-07 2002-09-12 Siemens Ag Bürstenloser dreiphasiger Elektromotor und Verfahren zu dessen Ansteuerung
WO2005048444A1 (fr) 2003-11-12 2005-05-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Commande d'un moteur electrique par reglage continu de l'angle de commutation
DE102005045401A1 (de) 2005-09-23 2007-03-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zur Stromversorgung eines über eine Halbleiter-Leistungsendstufe elektronisch kommutierbaren Gleichstrommotors
RU2414047C1 (ru) 2009-02-20 2011-03-10 Данфосс Компрессорс ГмбХ Способ и управляющее устройство для управления электродвигателем с внутренними постоянными магнитами
DE102013218122A1 (de) 2013-09-11 2015-03-12 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektronisch kommutierte elektrische Maschine sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben einer elektrischen Maschine

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5486743A (en) * 1992-11-19 1996-01-23 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Inverter and air conditioner controlled by the same
WO1998035428A1 (fr) * 1997-02-05 1998-08-13 Fisher & Paykel Limited Commande de moteur a cc sans balai
EP1734648A1 (fr) 2005-06-13 2006-12-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Excitation asymétrique d'un moteur électrique sans capteur et sans balai
DE102015216279A1 (de) * 2015-08-26 2017-03-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Ermitteln eines Vorkommutierungswinkels einer elektrischen Maschine

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