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WO2018155596A1 - Dispositif d'apprentissage pour souris, système d'apprentissage pour souris et programme d'apprentissage pour souris - Google Patents

Dispositif d'apprentissage pour souris, système d'apprentissage pour souris et programme d'apprentissage pour souris Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018155596A1
WO2018155596A1 PCT/JP2018/006589 JP2018006589W WO2018155596A1 WO 2018155596 A1 WO2018155596 A1 WO 2018155596A1 JP 2018006589 W JP2018006589 W JP 2018006589W WO 2018155596 A1 WO2018155596 A1 WO 2018155596A1
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Prior art keywords
mouse
sample
symbol
test
granting
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PCT/JP2018/006589
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
克栄 澁木
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国立大学法人新潟大学
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Priority to JP2019501814A priority Critical patent/JPWO2018155596A1/ja
Publication of WO2018155596A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018155596A1/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K15/00—Devices for taming animals, e.g. nose-rings or hobbles; Devices for overturning animals in general; Training or exercising equipment; Covering boxes
    • A01K15/02—Training or exercising equipment, e.g. mazes or labyrinths for animals ; Electric shock devices; Toys specially adapted for animals

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a mouse learning device, a mouse learning system, and a mouse learning program.
  • Patent Document 1 an apparatus that tests an animal's learning ability and promotes the animal's learning ability is known.
  • Patent Document 1 In the configuration of the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, it is unclear how to make an animal learn in order to promote the learning ability of the animal, and it is difficult to make the animal learn efficiently.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a mouse learning device, a mouse learning system, and a mouse learning program that can perform more efficient learning.
  • a learning device for a mouse includes a display provided so as to be visible to a mouse, first and second prize punishment granting units that give reward or punishment to the mouse, A control unit that executes a mouse detection unit that detects that the mouse has approached or touched each of the award punishment units, a speaker that emits sound, a sample alignment test, a delay sample alignment test, a visual dependency task test, and a memory dependency task test
  • the sample alignment test includes a sample symbol display step for displaying a sample symbol through the display, and a first selection symbol that is the same type of symbol as the sample symbol through the display. A second selection symbol that is a symbol of a different type from the sample symbol.
  • a selection symbol display step for displaying at a position corresponding to the other prize punishment granting unit of the first or second prize punishment granting unit, and when detecting that the mouse has approached or contacted the one prize punishment granting unit through the mouse detection unit, A reward punishment step of rewarding the mouse through one prize punishment granting unit, and punishing the mouse through the other prize punishment granting unit when detecting that the mouse has approached or contacted the other prize punishment granting unit.
  • the delay sample alignment test includes the sample symbol display step, a delay step of waiting for a delay time set in advance after erasing the display of the sample symbol, and the selection symbol display step started through the delay step.
  • the visual dependence task test includes a step of displaying the sample symbol and the speaker when the sample symbol is displayed.
  • a mouse learning system is connectable to the mouse learning device and a network and can communicate with the control unit of the mouse learning device.
  • a main computer wherein the main computer cuts off communication with the control unit during a period in which the tests are performed in the mouse learning device, and the tests are not performed in the mouse learning device. In the period, communication with the control unit is enabled.
  • a learning program for a mouse is selected from the group consisting of a sample alignment test, a delay sample alignment test, a visual dependency task test, and a memory dependency task test.
  • the selection symbol display step of displaying the position corresponding to the other prize punishment granting section of the prize punishment granting section and the one prize punishment granting through the mouse detection section When it is detected that the mouse is approaching or touching, the reward is given to the mouse through the one award punishment giving unit, and when it is detected that the mouse is approaching or touching the other award punishment giving unit, the other award is given through the other award punishment giving unit.
  • a prize punishment granting step that punishes the mouse, and the delay sample alignment test includes the sample symbol display step, a delay step of waiting for a preset delay time after erasing the display of the sample symbol, and the delay
  • the selection symbol display step started through a process, and the award punishment granting step, and the visual dependent task test is configured to display the sample symbol display step and the sample symbol through the speaker when the sample symbol is displayed.
  • a speech generation step for generating correlated speech, the selection symbol display step, and the prize punishment granting step, and the memory dependence task In the test, another sound generation process for generating any of the sounds used in the sound generation process of the visual dependency task test through the speaker, and the sound generated in the other sound generation process through the display.
  • a corresponding first selection symbol is displayed at a position corresponding to one of the first or second award punishment giving units, and a second selection symbol that is a different type of symbol from the first selection symbol. Is displayed at a position corresponding to the other prize punishment granting section of the first or second prize punishment granting section, and the prize punishment granting process.
  • 1 is a block diagram showing a mouse learning system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the flow of the information processing of the learning system for mice which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention.
  • 1 is a schematic diagram showing a learning device for a mouse according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a block diagram which shows the experimental unit which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the contact detection part and electric shock provision part which concern on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart performed by the control part which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention.
  • (A), (b) which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention is a front view of the display screen in a sample alignment test. It is a front view of the display screen in the delay sample alignment test which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention.
  • (A), (b) which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention is a front view of the display screen in a visual dependence task test.
  • (A), (b) which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention is a front view of the display screen in an associative dependence task test. It is a schematic diagram which shows the cage which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention.
  • the mouse learning system 1 includes a main PC (Personal Computer) 40 as a main computer, a router 30, n mouse learning devices 10a to 10n, and an external PC 140.
  • “N” is a natural number.
  • Each of the mouse learning devices 10a to 10n includes experimental PCs 20a to 20n, which are examples of control units, and experimental units 11a to 11n.
  • the mouse learning device is simply referred to as a learning device.
  • reference numeral 10 is used when the learning devices are generically referred to
  • reference numeral 20 is used when the experimental PCs are generically referred to
  • reference numeral 11 is used when the experimental units are generically referred to.
  • the main PC 40 and the external PC 140 are configured to be connectable to the Internet IN which is an example of a network.
  • the router 30 is a relay device connected between the main PC 40 and the plurality of experimental PCs 20a to 20n.
  • the main PC 40 can communicate with the experimental PCs 20a to 20n via the router 30.
  • Each of the experimental PCs 20a to 20n performs an experiment using its own experimental units 11a to 11n based on a command from the main PC 40, and sends the result of the experiment (for example, whether the mouse answer is correct) to the main PC 40.
  • the main PC 40 can analyze the experimental results by collecting the experimental results from the experimental PCs 20a to 20n.
  • the set of the main PC 40, the router 30, and the plurality of mouse learning devices 10a to 10n is provided in the same facility such as a university or a research institute. Although not shown, a plurality of main PCs 40 are connected to the Internet IN. One or a plurality of mouse learning devices 10 are connected to each of the plurality of main PCs 40 via the router 30. A plurality of sets of the main PC 40, the router 30, and the mouse learning devices 10a to 10n are usually installed in different places.
  • the external PC 140 is installed at a location different from any main PC 40, for example. Although not shown, a plurality of external PCs 140 may be provided. The external PC 140 can manage an experiment through the mouse learning device 10 from the outside by selecting one or more of the plurality of main PCs 40 via the Internet IN and remotely operating the selected main PC 40. it can. This remote operation will be described in more detail with reference to FIG.
  • the user causes an arbitrary experimental unit 11 to perform an experiment via the external PC 140
  • the user specifies one or more mouse learning devices 10 to be used for the experiment.
  • the main PC 40 connected to the specified learning device 10 is specified.
  • the user follows the guidance displayed on the operation screen of the external PC 140, the identification information (hereinafter simply referred to as ID) of the main PC 40, the ID of the learning device 10 that performs the experiment, and the experiment that is performed by the learning device 10.
  • ID is input to the external PC 140.
  • the external PC 140 generates transmission data including a destination address composed of the network address of the designated main PC 40, a transmission source address composed of its own network address, the ID of the learning device 10 used for the experiment, and the ID of the experiment to be performed. . Note that the number of combinations of the learning device 10 ID and the experiment ID varies according to the number of learning devices 10 used in the experiment.
  • the external PC 140 transmits the generated transmission data to the destination main PC 40 via the Internet IN (S1).
  • the main PC 40 receives the transmission data addressed to itself and stores it in the internal memory.
  • the main PC 40 transmits a command instructing to carry out the experiment specified by the experiment ID to the experiment PC 20 specified by the ID of the learning device 10 (S2).
  • Each experimental PC 20 receives a command addressed to itself, and causes the experimental unit 11 connected to itself to execute an experiment instructed by the received command (S3).
  • Each experiment PC 20 obtains an experiment result (for example, accuracy rate) when the experiment in the corresponding experiment unit 11 is completed (S4).
  • the experimental PC 20 transmits information indicating the acquired experimental result to the main PC 40 (S5).
  • the main PC 40 receives the information transmitted from the experiment PCs 20a to 20n, and generates a list of the learning apparatus 10 ID and experiment results.
  • the main PC 40 transmits the generated list to the external PC 140 specified by the transmission source address of the transmission data received in step S1 (S6).
  • the external PC 140 stores the list transmitted from the main PC 40 in the internal storage device. Thereafter, the user can operate the external PC 140 to view, edit, and process the list stored in the internal storage device.
  • the main PC 40 is always connected to the Internet IN.
  • the main PC 40 may automatically disconnect the communication with the experiment PCs 20a to 20n via the router 30 and automatically operate the learning devices 10a to 10n.
  • the term “during the experiment” means a period during which an experiment related to each test described later is being performed.
  • the experiment PCs 20a to 20n are prevented from being affected by disturbances such as the main PC 40 and the Internet IN during the experiment (such as the outflow or falsification of experiment data due to computer viruses, etc.). Can do.
  • the main PC 40 is communicably connected to the experiment PCs 20a to 20n via the router 30 during the period when the mouse learning devices 10a to 10n are not conducting experiments.
  • the main PC 40 can totalize the experimental results of the mouse learning devices 10a to 10n, analyze the totaled experimental results, and change the setting of the experimental program.
  • the main PC 40 disconnects communication with the experimental PCs 20a to 20n via the router 30 during the night time when the mouse is active, and performs the experiment via the router 30 during the day time when the mouse is inactive.
  • the PCs 20a to 20n may be communicably connected.
  • the main PC 40 disconnects the communication with the experimental PCs 20a to 20n via the router 30 in the dark period and the experimental PC 20a via the router 30 in the light period.
  • ⁇ 20n may be communicably connected.
  • each of the experimental units 11a to 11n includes a cage 16, a metal plate 16c, a shelter 17, a display device 12, and a water supply pipe 14r, which is an example of first and second prize punishment units. 14l.
  • the cage 16 is a case for housing a mouse.
  • the cage 16 includes a response area 16a and a standby area 16b.
  • the response area 16a and the standby area 16b are formed to be continuous with each other, and no physical obstacle is provided between the response area 16a and the standby area 16b.
  • the cage 16 functions as a breeding cage. For example, if the test regime shown in FIG. 14 is followed, mice are raised in the cage 16 during the period from T1 to T3.
  • the waiting area 16b is an area where the mouse is waiting. In this example, chips are spread on the floor of the standby area 16b.
  • the shelter 17 is provided in the standby area 16b so that a mouse can enter and exit.
  • the response area 16a is an area for the mouse to select one of the water supply pipes 14r and 14l in an experiment described later.
  • a metal plate 16c is provided on the floor of the response area 16a.
  • the water supply pipes 14r and 14l give water, which is an example of reward, to the mouse to be experimented from the tip.
  • the tips of the water supply pipes 14r and 14l are provided in the response area 16a.
  • the water supply pipes 14r and 14l are respectively located on the right side and the left side when viewed from the mouse exiting from the shelter 17.
  • the water supply pipes 14r and 14l are made of metal and connected to a water storage tank.
  • water supply from the water storage tank to the water supply pipes 14r and 14l is controlled by a water supply pump 13 described later.
  • the feed water pump 13 is controlled by the experimental PCs 20a to 20n.
  • the display device 12 includes a screen 12a that displays an image under the control of the experimental PCs 20a to 20n.
  • the screen 12a of the display device 12 is located in front of the mouse viewed from the shelter 17.
  • the screen 12a of the display device 12 is formed in a range extending between the two water supply pipes 14r and 14l. This screen 12a has a right region 12r close to the water supply pipe 14r, a left region 12l close to the water supply pipe 14l, and a central region 12c located between the right region 12r and the left region 12l.
  • a sample symbol Ia is displayed in the central region 12c of the screen 12a
  • a selection symbol Ir is displayed in the right region 12r of the screen 12a
  • a selection symbol Il is displayed in the left region 12l of the screen 12a.
  • the selection symbols Il and Ir correspond to the first and second selection symbols.
  • each of the experimental units 11a to 11n includes a water supply pump 13, a contact detection unit 15 as an example of a mouse detection unit, and a speaker 19 in addition to the display device 12 and the water supply pipes 14r and 14l. And an electric shock applying unit 18.
  • the speaker 19 emits sound under the control of the corresponding experimental PCs 20a to 20n.
  • the speaker 19 may be a stereo speaker including a right speaker positioned on the water supply pipe 14r side and a left speaker positioned on the water supply pipe 14l side, or may be a monaural speaker.
  • the water supply pump 13 supplies the water supply pipes 14r and 14l from a water storage tank (not shown) under the control of the corresponding experimental PCs 20a to 20n.
  • the contact detection unit 15 detects that the mouse has contacted the water supply pipes 14r and 14l, and outputs the detection result to the corresponding experimental PCs 20a to 20n.
  • the contact detection unit 15 is provided in a one-to-one correspondence with each of the water supply pipes 14r and 14l.
  • the contact detection unit 15 includes, for example, a sine wave voltage application unit 15a, a current measurement unit 15b, and a high-pass filter 15c.
  • the sine wave voltage application unit 15a applies a sine wave voltage to the metal plate 16c under the control of the corresponding experimental PCs 20a to 20n.
  • the voltage of this sine wave is set to an amplitude of about 0.3 V and a frequency of about 1 kHz, for example.
  • the current measuring unit 15b is connected to the corresponding water supply pipe 14r or 14l via the high-pass filter 15c.
  • the high-pass filter 15c is for preventing a direct current, which will be described later, from being circulated, and its cutoff frequency is set to a value lower than the frequency of the sine wave voltage output from the sine wave voltage application unit 15a.
  • the current measurement unit 15b detects that a sine wave current has flowed through the flow path, and outputs the detection result to the corresponding experimental PCs 20a to 20n.
  • Each of the experimental PCs 20a to 20n determines whether or not the mouse has contacted the water supply pipes 14r and 14l based on the measurement result of the current measuring unit 15b.
  • the electric shock applying unit 18 applies electric shock to the mouse under the control of the corresponding experimental PCs 20a to 20n.
  • the electric shock applying unit 18 has two functions (1) and (2) below: (1) Before the start of the experiment: a function of applying a DC voltage to both the water supply pipes 14r and 14l. Thus, the mouse receives an electric shock when it touches the water supply pipe 14r or 14l before the start of the experiment. This function substantially corresponds to a gate function that restricts the mouse from entering the response area 16a from the standby area 16b. (2) During the experiment: A function in which the mouse applies a DC voltage only to the water supply pipe 14r or 14l corresponding to an incorrect answer to the question. This feature allows mice to receive an electric shock when they answer the question incorrectly.
  • the electric shock applying unit 18 is provided in one-to-one correspondence with the water supply pipes 14r and 14l. As shown in FIG. 5, the electric shock applying unit 18 includes a DC voltage applying unit 18a and a resistor R18.
  • the DC voltage application unit 18a applies, for example, a DC voltage of several volts to the water supply pipes 14r and 14l through the resistor R18 under the control of the experimental PCs 20a to 20n. This is the ON state of the electric shock applying unit 18.
  • the DC voltage application unit 18a ⁇ resistance R18 ⁇ water supply pipe 14r, 14l ⁇ mouse ⁇ metal plate 16c ⁇ sine wave voltage application unit. The current flows through 15a, and the mouse feels uncomfortable.
  • Each of the experimental PCs 20a to 20n performs a sample alignment test, a delay sample alignment test, and a delay arbitrary sample alignment test using the corresponding mouse learning devices 10a to 10n.
  • Each of the experimental PCs 20a to 20n includes, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a ROM (Read Only Memory), and a RAM (Random Access Memory). These components included in each of the experimental PCs 20a to 20n are connected to each other by a bus.
  • the CPU uses the RAM as a work area and operates according to the mouse learning program stored in the ROM, thereby controlling the operation of each experimental PC 20a to 20n. As a result, each test according to the flowchart described later is performed. I do.
  • CPU communicates with the display apparatus 12, the water supply pump 13, the contact detection part 15, the speaker 19, and the electric shock provision part 18 via a respectively separate interface.
  • CPU can receive the detection signal of the contact detection part 15, or operate the display apparatus 12, the water supply pump 13, and the speaker 19 according to the mouse
  • each of the experimental PCs 20a to 20n executes a learning program, for example, performs a set-up test for the set number of times per day over the first period T1, and performs the first period T1.
  • the delay sampling test is performed a set number of times a day over the second period T2, and after the second period T2, the delay arbitrary sampling test is performed a set number of times per day over the third period T3. .
  • Each of the set times may be the same or different.
  • Each test is usually performed at night (the dark period when rearing under artificial sunshine conditions).
  • each electric shock provision part 18 connected to the water supply pipes 14r and 14l is set to the ON state. Therefore, the mouse feels uncomfortable when it touches the water supply pipes 14r, 14l.
  • Each experimental unit 11a to 11n contains only one mouse.
  • each of the experimental PCs 20a to 20n displays a sample symbol Ia on the screen 12a of the display device 12 (step S101).
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n display a symbol in which a plurality of circles overlap as the sample symbol Ia in the central region 12c. This sample symbol Ia may blink.
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n wait for a certain time to elapse with the sample symbol Ia displayed (step S102; NO), and when the certain time has elapsed (step S102; YES)
  • the sample symbol Ia is deleted (step S103).
  • This fixed time is set to, for example, the time required for the mouse to store the sample symbol Ia.
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n switch the electric shock applying units 18 connected to the water supply pipes 14r and 14l to the off state (step S104).
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n display the two selection symbols Il and Ir on the screen 12a of the display device 12 (step S105).
  • One of the two selection symbols Il and Ir is the same symbol as the sample symbol Ia, and the other is a symbol different from the sample symbol Ia.
  • the method of displaying the sample symbol Ia and the selection symbols I1 and Ir is arbitrary.
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n store a plurality of pairs of different symbols, select one pair, display one symbol of the selected pair as a sample symbol Ia, and display it on the screen 12a.
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n display the selection symbol Il, which is the same symbol as the sample symbol Ia, in the left region 12l, and the sample symbol in the right region 12r.
  • a selection symbol Ir which is a symbol different from Ia is displayed.
  • the selection symbol Il is a symbol in which a plurality of circles overlap, and the selection symbol Ir is a star (asterisk) symbol.
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n wait for the mouse to contact the water supply pipe 14r corresponding to the selection symbol Ir or the water supply pipe 14l corresponding to the selection symbol Ir through the contact detection unit 15 (step S106; NO).
  • step S106 determines whether or not the selection of the mouse is correct.
  • the contact of the mouse with the water supply pipes 14r and 14l is an answer to the options given to the mouse as two selection symbols Il and Ir.
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n may blink the selection symbols Il and Ir when the mouse contacts the water supply pipe 14r or the water supply pipe 14l.
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n determine that the selection of the mouse is correct (step S107; YES). Water is supplied to the contacted water supply pipe 14r or the water supply pipe 14l (step S108). This water supply is adjusted, for example, by operating the water supply pump for 10 seconds to obtain a water supply amount of about 0.1 ml per correct answer. Thus, when the mouse is selected correctly, the mouse is given water as a reward.
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n activate the water supply pump for the water supply pipe 14l when detecting that the mouse has contacted the left water supply pipe 14l. Give water to the mouse.
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n determine that the selection of the mouse is wrong (step S107; NO), and the DC voltage application unit A DC voltage is applied to the mouse in contact with the water supply pipe 14r or the water supply pipe 14l through 18a (step S109).
  • an electrical stimulus is given to the mouse as a punishment.
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n detect that the mouse has contacted the right water supply pipe 14r
  • the DC voltage application unit connected to the water supply pipe 14r is detected. Turn on 18a and apply electrical stimulation to the mouse. This completes the processing related to the flowchart in the sample matching test.
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n switch the electric shock applying portions 18 connected to the water supply pipes 14r and 14l to the ON state after the sample matching test is completed.
  • step S201 the experimental PCs 20a to 20n wait for the preset delay time to elapse after the step S103, as indicated by the broken line in FIG. 6 (step S201; NO), and the delay
  • step S201; YES the delay
  • step S104 the process proceeds to the above-described step S104.
  • a delay time is set until the selection symbols Il and Ir are displayed after the display of the sample symbol Ia is erased.
  • this delay time is set to 5 seconds to 20 seconds.
  • the delay time may be set to increase with the passage of time in the second period T2. Since the experiment related to the delayed sample matching test is more difficult for the mouse than the experiment related to the sample matching test described above, the experiment is preferably performed after the experiment related to the sample matching test. Also, the symbol pair used in the delay sample matching test may be different from the symbol pair used in the sample alignment test.
  • a new sample symbol Ia and selection symbols Il and Ir different from the sample symbol Ia and the selection symbols Il and Ir are used.
  • the delayed random sample matching test it is possible to present different alphabet pairs for each test. Specifically, a pair of “a” and “b” in the first test, a pair of “a” and “c” in the second test, and a pair of “x” and “y” in the third test It may be used. Since the experiment related to the delayed random sample test is more difficult for the mouse than the experiment related to the delayed sample test described above, it is preferable to be performed after the test related to the sample test and the delayed sample test. .
  • each of the experimental PCs 20a to 20n performs a visual dependent task test and an associative dependent task test using the corresponding mouse learning devices 10a to 10n. As shown in FIG. 13, each of the experimental PCs 20a to 20n performs a visual dependence task test for the set number of times per day over the first period Ta, and after the first period Ta has elapsed, Perform associative task test a set number of times a day. Each of the set times may be the same or different.
  • Visual dependent task test In the visual dependence task test, the experimental PCs 20a to 20n perform the process related to step S301 between step S101 and step S102 in FIG. Except for this point, the visually dependent task test is the same as the sample matching test described above.
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n emit sound corresponding to the sample symbol Ia through the speaker 19 in step S301. This voice is a unique voice corresponding to the type of the sample symbol Ia, and may be unrelated to the concept of the sample symbol Ia itself.
  • the sample symbol Ia is the first sample symbol Ia1
  • the first sound A is emitted
  • the sample symbol Ia is the first sample symbol Ia.
  • the second sound B is emitted.
  • the first voice A is a cat's cry as an example
  • the second voice B is a mouse's cry as an example.
  • the type of sound is not limited to this, and may be any sound that can be identified by hearing of the mouse.
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n stop the sound from the speaker 19 simultaneously with the deletion of the sample symbol Ia in step S103. Note that the processes according to steps S101 and S301 may be performed simultaneously or sequentially.
  • the associative dependency task test In the associative dependency task test, the experimental PCs 20a to 20n omit step S101 in the visual dependency task test described above. Except for this point, the associative dependent task test is the same as the visual dependent task test described above. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 10A, when the first voice A is emitted without being displayed on the screen 12a of the display device 12, the first voice A among the selection symbols Il and Ir is displayed. A selection symbol Il that is the same as the associated first sample symbol Ia1 is the correct answer. Further, as shown in FIG. 10B, when the second sound B is emitted without being displayed on the screen 12a of the display device 12, it corresponds to the second sound B among the selection symbols Il and Ir. The same selection symbol Ir as the attached second sample symbol Ia2 is a correct answer.
  • step S101 corresponds to a sample symbol display step
  • step 201 corresponds to a delay step
  • step S105 corresponds to a selection symbol display step
  • steps S108 and S109 correspond to an award punishment giving step
  • S301 corresponds to a sound generation process.
  • each of the experimental units 11a to 11n includes a cage 116 having a substantially M shape when viewed from above.
  • the cage 116 includes a gate 118 that partitions the internal space.
  • the gate 118 is made of a transparent panel and is detachably fitted into the cage 116.
  • a standby space 116a is formed so as to be recessed downward in the center in the left-right direction of FIG. When the gate 118 is fitted into the cage 116, the standby space 116a becomes a closed space.
  • the display device 12 is disposed above the cage 116 in FIG. Further, a water supply pipe 14r is located at the lower right end of the cage 116, and a water supply pipe 14l is located at the lower left end of the cage 116.
  • the experimenter installs the gate 118 in the cage 116 after accommodating the mouse in the standby space 116a before starting each test described above. Then, the experimenter opens the gate 118 by removing the gate 118 from the cage 116 instead of the above-described step S104 of FIG. After completion of the test, the experimenter returns the mouse to the standby space 116a and then attaches the gate 118 to the cage 116.
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n may not always be connected to the main PC 40. Instead, the mouse learning devices 10a to 10n are used as independent devices, and the experimenter uses the analysis data (for example, the main PC 40, the external PC 140, etc.) via the storage medium such as the USB memory using the data of the experiment PCs 20a to 20n. Etc.) and may be analyzed.
  • the analysis data for example, the main PC 40, the external PC 140, etc.
  • the storage medium such as the USB memory
  • mice are experimental animals that are widely used in the study of psychiatric disorders, and it is presumed that mice have simple mental functions. Therefore, if it is possible to measure the mental function of a mouse objectively and efficiently, it has a great industrial value in the development of a psychiatric disorder therapeutic drug.
  • the most basic function of mental function is the function of “having consciousness” (consciousness function), and schizophrenia can be regarded as an abnormality of consciousness function. However, it is completely unknown how to objectively measure the mouse's conscious function.
  • the present invention relates to an experimental method aimed at objectively, automatically, and efficiently measuring a conscious function while raising a mouse.
  • the second to fifth properties are that (2) consciousness has a structure, (3) has special characteristics that can be distinguished from other consciousness states, (4) is integrated, and (5) is exclusive. is there.
  • (2)-(5) can be derived from the nature of (4) that consciousness is integrated, not independent of each other. That is, (2) Consciousness has a structure by being integrated, (3) It has a distinctive distinction from other consciousness states, and (4) It is integrated even if multiple consciousness exists in a single brain (5) As a result, it becomes exclusive. That is, the main elements of consciousness can be reduced to (1) and (4), that is, the combination of short-term memory and information integration functions. Since mice have been experimentally confirmed to have short-term memory and information integration functions, they have at least basic conscious functions. The present invention pays attention to this point, and objectively, automatically, and efficiently evaluates the basic consciousness function of a mouse as a combination of short-term memory and information integration function.
  • mice are the most widely used laboratory animals. There are already genetically modified mice in which a significant part of all 20,000 or more genes have been artificially deleted, and genetically modified mice in which the remaining genes have also been deleted. An exhaustive movement is spreading worldwide. However, in order to effectively utilize these genetically modified mice, which should be a valuable resource for humankind investing a lot of research funds and human power, in the analysis of higher-order functions, there are three characteristics (remote operability, higher-order function analysis ability). Therefore, it is necessary to develop a device (experimental method) with arbitrary selection behavior restriction. The present invention has novelty and inventive step in these three characteristics.
  • mice Remote operability
  • Many of the genetically modified mice are bred and distributed in a myriad of laboratories around the world that created them, and various procedures and approvals are sufficient to obtain and study the mice.
  • a breeding period and a breeding space are required to obtain numbers, and a large amount of money and a period of at least half a year to one year are necessary.
  • What is more problematic is that it is not possible to judge whether a mouse strain that has attracted interest meets the research objective until detailed analysis is performed, and it is not unlikely that these costs and time will be wasted. Therefore, there is a tendency to select important mice from multiple possible mouse strains and present research results using these mice to large laboratories endowed with research funds and manpower. .
  • the present invention has industrial effectiveness because it enables intensive experimental management not only for research purposes but also for drug development that acts on the brain.
  • the experimental method or apparatus having the remote control function as described above is not commercially available, and is not found in the prior application. Therefore, the present invention that enables learning for remotely operated mice is sufficiently novel.
  • Automatic mouse learning needs to be continued automatically over a long period of about a week with minimal human intervention such as feeding and water supply and cage cleaning.
  • disturbances to the apparatus must be eliminated as much as possible.
  • Direct connection between the experimental device that automatically operates for a long period of time and the Internet may cause unexpected disturbances via the Internet or virus software normally installed on a PC connected to the Internet, which may interfere with the experimental device. Is not done.
  • the Internet is not necessarily safe, and if virus software is not installed on a PC that is directly connected to the Internet, there may be a security problem that experimental data is leaked or altered.
  • the present invention interposes a PC with virus software installed between the experimental device and the Internet, so that the Internet is used during the experiment time (the experimental device performs complex operations during the night time when the mouse is active). Disconnect from the PC connected to the PC and connect indirectly via the PC connected to the Internet only when the experiment is paused (the mouse is inactive during the daytime and the experiment device is paused until a preset time).
  • Inventing a method that makes it possible to achieve the inventive step by combining the remote control such as monitoring of the experimental process, data collection, and re-setting of the experimental program with the autonomy of the device while maintaining independence from disturbances Have.
  • mice are frequently used for research.
  • mammals are small in size and are not expensive to raise.
  • the mouse brain is also small, and this is the reason why the higher-order functions of the mouse are considered to be underdeveloped.
  • rats having a weight and brain weight 10 times that of mice are widely used.
  • the mouse is always moving around and is not calm, making it difficult for people to get used to.
  • mice described as targeting both rats and mice is actually a rat, and it is impossible or even difficult to use effectively with mice.
  • Commercially available automatic learning devices for mice are limited to those that target relatively simple functions, and are designed to match the delayed arbitrary graphic samples targeted by the present invention (about the first alphabet you see after birth).
  • the mouse masters delayed arbitrary figure sampling in about two months as described above.
  • the brain function of the mouse seems to be low because the brain is never small and the higher-order functions are not yet developed, but the mouse always has the characteristics of a species that seeks a new environment (not calm). It shows nothing else. This is clear from the fact that even a simpler organism than a mouse, such as a nematode having only 302 nerve cells, exhibits fairly complex learning behavior.
  • correct patterns and control patterns can be selected from hundreds of graphic patterns, and a total of 100,000 or more stimulation patterns can be created. This makes it possible to always use a new graphic pattern even if the mouse is tested 300 times daily for one year.
  • the electric shock applying part can also be used for the purpose of giving a punishment when the mouse selects an incorrect answer.
  • An automatic mouse learning device having an electric shock imparting unit for limiting arbitrary selection behavior of a mouse is not commercially available, and is not found in prior applications.
  • the present invention is sufficiently novel in that respect.
  • the electric shock imparting portion of the present invention is devised based on the result of an original experiment conducted by the inventors, and the present invention has sufficient inventive step in that respect.
  • the mouse learning devices 10a to 10n measure the following problems (1) to (10) (four types of short-term memory tasks and six types of information integration tasks) in the mouse, The basic conscious function of the mouse can be evaluated from various perspectives.
  • problems to be executed by the experimental PCs 20a to 20n will be described.
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n may perform the following problems (1) to (10) in addition to the various tests described above or instead of the various tests described above. Any one of these tests and assignments may be performed, or any combination and any order may be performed.
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n display the graphics 1 and 2 on the screen 12a of the display device 12 in order. Then, the experimental PCs 20a to 20n evaluate, as a response, an action in which the mouse licks the water supply pipe 14l when the graphic 2 is displayed.
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n make a correct answer when the mouse licks the water supply pipe 14l when the figure 1 and the figure 2 have the same shape, and give reward water through the water supply pipe 14l.
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n make an incorrect answer when the mouse licks the water supply pipe 14l when the graphic 1 and the graphic 2 are different shapes, and apply an unpleasant DC voltage to the mouse through the water supply pipe 14l. Further, a delay period during which nothing is displayed is set between the display of graphic 1 and the display of graphic 2. Thereby, the short-term memory task of a visual figure can be implemented.
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n display the graphic 1 at the left or right position of the screen 12a of the display device 12, and then display the graphic 2 It is displayed at the left or right position of the screen 12a. Then, the experimental PCs 20a to 20n evaluate the action of the mouse licking the water supply pipes 14r and 14l at the position where the graphic 2 is displayed as a response when the graphic 2 is displayed. The experimental PCs 20a to 20n make the correct answer when the mouse licks the water supply pipes 14r, 14l corresponding to the positions when the position of the graphic 1 and the position of the graphic 2 are the same, and through the water supply pipes 14r, 14l. Give reward water.
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n make an incorrect answer when the mouse licks the water supply pipes 14r, 14l corresponding to the positions when the position of the graphic 1 and the position of the graphic 2 are different, and the water supply pipes 14r, 14l are Apply an unpleasant DC voltage to the mouse. Further, a delay period during which nothing is displayed is set between the display of graphic 1 and the display of graphic 2. Thereby, the short-term memory task of the visual stimulus position can be implemented.
  • the experimental PCs 20 a to 20 n emit sound 1 and sound 2 in order through the speaker 19. Then, the experimental PCs 20a to 20n evaluate the action of the mouse licking the water supply pipes 14r and 14l as a response when the sound 2 is being emitted. The experimental PCs 20a to 20n make the correct answer when the mouse licks the water supply pipes 14r and 14l when the sound 1 and the sound 2 are the same timbre, for example, both the sound 1 and the sound 2 are the timbre A, and the water supply pipes 14r and 14l Give reward water through.
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n make an incorrect answer if the mouse licks the water supply pipes 14r and 14l when the sound 1 and the sound 2 are different from each other, for example, the sound 1 is the timbre A and the sound 2 is the timbre B.
  • An unpleasant DC voltage is applied to the mouse via 14r and 14l.
  • a delay period in which no sound is generated between the sound 1 and the sound 2 is set. Thereby, the short-term memory task of an auditory timbre can be implemented.
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n emit sound 1 from the left or right speaker 19, and then sound 2 from the left or right speaker. . Then, the experimental PCs 20a to 20n evaluate, as a response, an action in which the mouse licks the water supply pipes 14r and 14l at the position where the sound 2 is emitted when the sound 2 is generated. The experimental PCs 20a to 20n make a correct answer when the mouse licks the water supply pipes 14r and 14l when the position of the sound 1 and the position of the sound 2 are the same, and give reward water through the water supply pipes 14r and 14l.
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n make an incorrect answer when the mouse licks the water supply pipes 14l and 14r when the position of the sound 1 and the position of the sound 2 are different, and the DC voltage that is uncomfortable to the mouse through the water supply pipes 14r and 14l. Is applied. Furthermore, a delay period in which no sound is generated between the sound 1 and the sound 2 is set. Thereby, the short-term memory task of the auditory stimulation position can be implemented.
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n make an incorrect answer when the mouse licks the water supply pipe 14l when the graphic 1 and the graphic 2 are different shapes, and apply an unpleasant DC voltage to the mouse through the water supply pipe 14l.
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n display the graphic 2 after generating the sound 1 without displaying the graphic 1 as an information integration task.
  • the figure 1 can be associated with the sound 1, the correct answer can be obtained without displaying the figure 1. For this reason, the information integration task of visual stimuli and auditory stimuli can be implemented.
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n emit the sound 1 simultaneously with the display of the graphic 1, and then the sound. Issue 2. Then, the experimental PCs 20a to 20n evaluate the action of the mouse licking the water supply pipe 14l as a response when the sound 2 is being emitted. The experimental PCs 20a to 20n make a correct answer when the mouse licks the water supply pipe 14l when the sound 1 and the sound 2 are the same timbre, for example, both the sound 1 and the sound 2 are the timbre A, and the reward is obtained through the water supply pipe 14l. Give water.
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n make an incorrect answer when the mouse licks the water supply pipe 14l when the sound 1 and the sound 2 are different tones, for example, the sound 1 is the timbre A and the sound 2 is the timbre B. Apply an unpleasant DC voltage to the mouse.
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n display only the graphic 1 without generating the sound 1 and then only the sound 2, as an information integration task. At this time, if the sound 1 can be associated with the graphic 1, the correct answer can be obtained without generating the sound 1. For this reason, the information integration subject of auditory stimulation and visual stimulation can be implemented.
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n display the graphic 1 at the left or right position, and then the sound 2 to the left. Or depart from the right position. Then, the experimental PCs 20a to 20n evaluate, as a response, an action in which the mouse licks the water supply pipes 14l and 14r at a position where the sound 2 is emitted when the sound 2 is emitted. The experimental PCs 20a to 20n make a correct answer when the mouse licks the water supply pipes 14l and 14r when the position of the graphic 1 and the position of the sound 2 are the same, and give reward water through the water supply pipes 14l and 14r.
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n make an incorrect answer when the mouse licks the water supply pipes 14l and 14r when the position of the graphic 1 and the position of the sound 2 are different, and the DC voltage is uncomfortable to the mouse through the water supply pipes 14l and 14r. Is applied.
  • This task can be implemented as an information integration task between the visual stimulus position and the auditory stimulus position.
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n emit the sound 1 from the left or right position, and then the graphic 2 to the left or right. Display in the right position. Then, the experimental PCs 20a to 20n evaluate the action of the mouse licking the water supply pipes 14l and 14r at the position where the graphic 2 is displayed as a response when the graphic 2 is displayed. The experimental PCs 20a to 20n make a correct answer when the mouse licks the water supply pipes 14l and 14r when the position of the sound 1 and the position of the graphic 2 are the same, and give reward water through the water supply pipes 14l and 14r.
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n make an incorrect answer if the mouse licks the water supply pipes 14l and 14r when the position of the sound 1 and the position of the graphic 2 are different, and the DC voltage is uncomfortable to the mouse through the water supply pipes 14l and 14r. Apply.
  • This task can be implemented as an information integration task between an auditory stimulus position and a visual stimulus position.
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n display the figure A in the center, and when the left water pipe 14l is licked, water is given as a correct answer, and the right water pipe When 14r is licked, an incorrect DC voltage is applied to the mouse as an incorrect answer.
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n display the figure B in the center, and when the right water pipe 14r is licked, water is given as a correct answer, and when the left water pipe 14l is licked, an unpleasant DC voltage is applied to the mouse as an incorrect answer. To do. From this problem, it is possible to evaluate the ability of the mouse to associate the original presentation position from the graphic, and to implement the information integration problem between the visual graphic and the position.
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n emit a sound B from the right speaker 19 and give water as a correct answer when licking the water supply pipe 14r at the position where the sound B is emitted.
  • an incorrect DC voltage is applied to the mouse as an incorrect answer.
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n emit a sound B from both speakers and give water as a correct answer when licking the right water supply pipe 14r.
  • an incorrect DC voltage is applied to the mouse as an incorrect answer. From this problem, it is possible to evaluate the ability of the mouse to associate the original presentation position from the timbre, and to perform an information integration problem between the auditory timbre and the position.
  • the experimental tasks (1) to (10) can also be performed by a configuration having two water supply pipes as in the first embodiment.
  • step S108 about 0.1 ml of water is supplied over 10 seconds.
  • water may be supplied in an arbitrary amount in an arbitrary period.
  • water supply may be continued for a fixed time after the mouse contacts the water supply pipe 14r or 14l indicating the correct answer.
  • step S108 the water supply may be continued until a certain amount of moisture is supplied after the mouse contacts the water supply pipe 14r or 14l indicating the correct answer.
  • the amount of water supply per one time can be determined based on the daily required amount of water and the number of tests of the mouse.
  • the required water supply amount for example, 4-7 ml per time divided by the required water amount of the mouse per day (for example, 20 times) (for example, 0.2-0.35 ml) It is good. Furthermore, (i) a fixed time elapses after the mouse contacts the water supply pipe 14r or 14l indicating the correct answer, and (ii) a fixed amount of water is supplied from the water supply pipe 14r or 14l indicating the correct answer. Water supply may be continued until any of the conditions is satisfied.
  • the reward is water.
  • the reward is not limited to this, and may be food, for example.
  • an automatic feeder having a metal distribution port is used instead of the water supply pipes 14r and 14l and the water supply pump 13, and the distribution port is connected to the contact detection unit 15 and the DC voltage application instead of the water supply pipes 14r and 14l. It is good also as connecting to the part 18a.
  • a certain amount of food for example, pellets
  • This amount of feeding per one time can be determined based on the daily required amount of mice and the number of tests. For example, the required amount of food per one time (for example, 2.8-7.0 g) divided by the required number of water per day of the mouse divided by the number of tests (for example, 20 times) (for example, 0.14- 0.35 g).
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n may be dedicated control devices that are used only for the mouse learning devices 10a to 10n.
  • the contact detection unit 15 which is an example of a mouse detection unit, is not limited to the configuration of each of the above embodiments, but may be an optical sensor, a capacitance sensor, a camera, or the like. Further, the mouse detection unit may detect that the mouse has approached the water supply pipes 14r and 14l, not the mouse contacted the water supply pipes 14r and 14l.
  • the electric shock applying unit 18 is not limited to the configuration of each of the above embodiments, and for example, a DC voltage may be applied to the metal plate 16c.
  • the structure which gives reward and the structure which gives punishment may be provided separately.
  • the DC voltage applying unit 18 a may be connected to the metal plate 16 c instead of the water supply pipes 14 r and 14 l.
  • a direct current voltage is applied from the metal plate 16c to the mouse, so that the mouse is not effective. A feeling of pleasure is felt, which restricts the mouse from entering the response area 16a.
  • an electrical stimulus is given to the mouse as a punishment from the DC voltage application unit 18a via the metal plate 16c.
  • mouse learning programs for realizing the functions of the mouse learning devices 10a to 10n are a USB (Universal Serial Bus) memory, a CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read Only Memory), a DVD (Digital Versatile Disc), an HDD. It may be stored in a computer-readable recording medium such as (Hard Disk Drive) or downloaded to the experiment PCs 20a to 20n via a network.
  • USB Universal Serial Bus
  • CD-ROM Compact Disc Read Only Memory
  • DVD Digital Versatile Disc
  • HDD High-ROM
  • It may be stored in a computer-readable recording medium such as (Hard Disk Drive) or downloaded to the experiment PCs 20a to 20n via a network.
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n are remotely operated from the external PC 140 via the Internet IN and the main PC 40.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and the main PC 40 is omitted and the external PC 140 is connected to the Internet IN.
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n may be remotely operated via
  • each test is usually performed at night (in the dark period when reared under artificial sunshine conditions).
  • Daytime (bred under artificial sunshine conditions) It may be done in the light period).
  • each experimental unit 11a to 11n accommodates only one mouse, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a plurality of mice may be accommodated.
  • each of the experimental units 11a to 11n includes the speaker 19.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and if the experiment PCs 20a to 20n perform only tests or tasks that do not require sound, the speakers are used. 19 may be omitted.
  • step S109 when the experimental PCs 20a to 20n determine in step S107 that the selection of the mouse is incorrect, in step S109, the water supply pipe 14r or the erroneous answer through the DC voltage application unit 18a is determined. A DC voltage is applied to the mouse that is in contact with the water supply pipe 14l. Instead of this, the detection of an erroneous answer in step S107 and step S109 itself are omitted, and this is an erroneous option simultaneously with step S105. Application to the water supply pipe 14r or the water supply pipe 14l may be started. This also gives the mouse an electrical stimulus as a punishment if the mouse is incorrectly selected.
  • an electric gate controlled by the experimental PCs 20a to 20n may be used instead of the manual gate 118.
  • the experimenter accommodates the mouse in the standby space 116a before starting each test described above.
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n open the electric gate.
  • the experimental PCs 20a to 20n close the electric gate.
  • the experimenter returns the mouse to the standby space 116a again after the experiment is completed.
  • the response area 16a and the standby area 16b are provided in the same cage 16.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and the standby area 16b is connected to the cage 16 by a passage. You may provide in a cage.
  • the cage 16 functions as an experimental cage and the other cage functions as a breeding cage.
  • the electric shock applying unit 18 it is preferable to connect the DC voltage application unit 18a to the metal plate 16c instead of the water supply pipes 14r and 14l.
  • another cage is further provided with a metal plate provided on the floor of the cage and another electric shock part for passing a current through the metal plate during the test.
  • the router 30 is used as the relay device.
  • the relay device is optional, and for example, a hub can be used.
  • connection between the main PC 40 and the external PC 140 and the network, the connection between the main PC 40 and the relay device (for example, the router 30), and the connection between the relay device and the plurality of experimental PCs 20a to 20n are: Each may be independently wired or wireless.
  • the metal water supply pipes 14r and 14l are used.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and a water supply pipe formed of another conductive material (for example, a resin water supply pipe is subjected to metal plating). Etc.) may also be used.
  • a water supply pipe is preferably robust against biting and scratching of the mouse.
  • the metal plate 16c is used.
  • a floor material (plate, sheet, grid, net, or the like) formed of an arbitrary conductive material may be used.
  • such flooring is preferably robust against biting and scratching of the mouse.
  • the DC voltage application unit 18a may apply a DC voltage to the water supply pipes 14r and 14l continuously or intermittently.
  • the application cycle and duty may be variable.
  • the DC voltage application unit 18a may be replaced with an AC voltage application unit.
  • the frequency of the AC voltage output from the AC voltage application unit 18a is set lower than the cutoff frequency of the high-pass filter 15c, and the frequency of the sine wave voltage output from the sine wave voltage application unit 15a is set higher than the cutoff frequency. Is done.
  • the frequency of the AC voltage output from the AC voltage application unit 18a may be higher than the frequency of the sine wave voltage output from the sine wave voltage application unit 15a.
  • the high pass filter 15c is replaced with a low pass filter.
  • the cut-off frequency of the low-pass filter 15c is set to a frequency between the frequency of the AC voltage output from the AC voltage application unit 18a and the frequency of the sine wave voltage output from the sine wave voltage application unit 15a.
  • the structure which outputs an alternating voltage intermittently may be sufficient as the alternating voltage application part 18a.
  • the current measurement unit 15b measures the sine wave current at a timing when the AC voltage application unit 18a does not output the AC voltage, interference of the AC voltage with the sine wave current can be suppressed.
  • the high pass filter 15c may be a band pass filter or the like.
  • the resistor R18 may be composed of a variable resistance element.
  • the intensity of the electrical stimulation may be increased or decreased according to the individual of the mouse (for example, the individual's weight, age, health condition, and / or test results so far).
  • a photocoupler such as a photorelay may be disposed between the resistor R18 and the direct current (or alternating current) voltage application unit 18a.
  • the primary side of the photocoupler is connected to the direct current (alternating current) voltage application unit 18a, and the secondary side is connected to the resistor R18.
  • the current / voltage adjusting resistor R18 may or may not be arranged on the secondary side.
  • Example 1 Experiment on short-term memory of graphic information
  • the present inventor performed a sample alignment test and a delay sample alignment test for 8 wild-type mice and 8 genetically engineered mice (cPcdh- ⁇ 1,12 mice). Such an experiment was conducted.
  • the electric shock applying unit 18 includes a DC voltage applying unit 18a and a resistor R18.
  • the DC voltage application unit 18a applies a DC voltage of several volts under the control of the experimental PCs 20a to 20n.
  • the contact detection unit 15 includes a sine wave voltage application unit 15a, a current measurement unit 15b, and a high-pass filter 15c.
  • the sine wave voltage application unit 15a applies a sine wave voltage having an amplitude of about 0.3 V and a frequency of about 1 kHz.
  • the experimental PC is connected to the current measuring unit 15b and programmed to recognize whether or not the mouse has contacted the water supply pipes 14r and 14l based on whether or not the sine wave has been measured by the current measuring unit 15b. It was. Other points were prepared as described in the second embodiment and the first embodiment referred to in the second embodiment.
  • an experiment related to the sample matching test was performed for only one session per day over the first period Ta. Then, after the elapse of the first period Ta, an experiment related to the delayed sample matching test was performed for one session per day over the second period Tb.
  • One session consists of 20 tests.
  • the sample symbol Ia was preselected for each test by the experimenter from a common symbol pair (triple circle symbol and star symbol). Also, which one of the selection symbols Il and Ir is to be the same as the sample symbol Ia (that is, which of the water supply pipes 14r and 14l is the correct answer) was selected in advance by the experimenter for each test.
  • the delay time of the delay sample matching test was 20 seconds.
  • FIG. 12 shows the average value of the correct answer rate of the wild type mouse and the average value of the correct answer rate of the genetically engineered mouse plotted against the number of elapsed sessions (that is, the number of days).
  • the correct answer rate of the genetically manipulated mouse is lower than that of the wild type mouse. Therefore, it is expected that there is an abnormality in the short-term memory of graphic information in the genetically manipulated mouse.
  • mice learning apparatus uses a visual-dependent task test and an associative-dependent task test for six wild-type mice and six genetically engineered mice (cPcdh- ⁇ 1,12 mice). The experiment concerning was conducted.
  • the setting of the mouse learning device is the same as that in the first embodiment.
  • an experiment related to the visual dependence task test was performed only for one session per day over the first period Ta. Then, after the elapse of the first period Ta, an experiment related to the associative task test was performed for one session per day over the second period Tb.
  • One session consists of 20 tests.
  • the sample symbol 1a was previously selected for each test by the experimenter from a common symbol pair (triple circle symbol and star symbol). Also, when presenting the triple circle symbol to the mouse, the cat screamed, and when presenting the star symbol to the mouse, the mouse screamed. Further, which one of the selection symbols Il and Ir to be the same as the sample symbol Ia was previously selected by the experimenter for each test.
  • FIG. 13 shows the average value of the correct answer rate of the wild type mouse and the average value of the correct answer rate of the genetically engineered mouse plotted against the number of elapsed sessions (that is, the number of days).
  • the correct answer rate of the genetically manipulated mouse is lower than that of the wild type mouse. Therefore, it is expected that abnormality occurs in the auditory and graphic associative memory in the genetically manipulated mouse.
  • Example 3 Experiment on learning ability of mouse
  • the inventor conducted an experiment related to a sample matching test, an experiment related to a delayed sample matching test, and an experiment related to a delayed arbitrary sample matching test on six wild-type mice in the mouse learning apparatus according to the second embodiment. We went sequentially.
  • the setting of the mouse learning device is the same as that in the first embodiment.
  • an experiment related to the sample test for only one session per day is performed over the first period T1, and after the first period T1, the sample is delayed for one session per day over the second period T2.
  • An experiment related to the test was performed, and after the second period T2, the experiment related to the delayed arbitrary sample alignment test was performed for one session per day over the third period T3.
  • an experimental suspension period T4 in which the experiment for 11 days was not performed was set.
  • One session consists of 20 tests.
  • the sample symbol 1a was previously selected for each test by the experimenter from a common symbol pair (triple circle symbol and star symbol). Also, which one of the selection symbols Il and Ir to be the same as the sample symbol Ia was previously selected by the experimenter for each test.
  • the sample symbol 1a is obtained from the triple circle symbol and star symbol pair for the first 26 days and from the triple circle symbol and spade pair for the last four days. Pre-selected. Also, which one of the selection symbols Il and Ir to be the same as the sample symbol Ia was previously selected by the experimenter for each test. In addition, the delay time was set to 5 seconds for the first 2 days, 10 seconds for the next 2 days, and 20 seconds for the last 26 days.
  • the sample symbol 1a was selected in advance by the experimenter from a new pair of arbitrary alphabets for each test. Also, which one of the selection symbols Il and Ir to be the same as the sample symbol Ia was previously selected by the experimenter for each test. Furthermore, the delay time was set to 20 seconds.
  • FIG. 14 shows the correct answer rate of each wild-type mouse plotted against the number of elapsed sessions (that is, the number of days).
  • a training period of 1 to 2 months is required for the correct answer rate in the experiment related to the sample matching test to increase to about 80%.
  • the correct answer rate hardly decreases.
  • the correct answer rate hardly decreases even after moving to the experiment related to the delayed arbitrary sample alignment test.
  • the correct answer rate hardly decreases even after the experimental suspension period T4 in the third period T3. This experiment shows that the ability of the mouse is improved.
  • Example 4 Experiments related to sample matching tests in the first and second embodiments
  • the present inventor conducted an experiment related to a sample matching test for one session per day for a wild type mouse in the mouse learning apparatus according to the first and second embodiments.
  • One session consists of 20 tests.
  • 12 mice were used, and in the experiment with the mouse learning device according to the second embodiment, 6 mice were used.
  • the setting of the mouse learning device according to the second embodiment used in the experiment is the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • the electric shock imparting unit 18 includes a DC voltage supply unit 18a and a resistor R18.
  • the DC voltage supply unit 18a supplies a DC current of several volts under the control of the experimental PCs 20a to 20n.
  • the contact detection unit 15 includes a sine wave supply unit 15a, a current measurement unit 15b, and a high-pass filter 15c.
  • the sine wave supply unit 15a supplies a sine wave current having an amplitude of about 0.3 V and a frequency of about 1 kHz.
  • the experimental PC is connected to the current measuring unit 15b and programmed to recognize whether or not the mouse has contacted the water supply pipes 14r and 14l based on whether or not the sine wave has been measured by the current measuring unit 15b. It was. Other points were prepared as described in the first embodiment.
  • the sample symbol 1a is preliminarily set for each test by the experimenter from a common symbol pair (triple circle symbol and star symbol). chosen. Also, which one of the selection symbols Il and Ir to be the same as the sample symbol Ia was previously selected by the experimenter for each test.
  • the average value of the correct answer rate of the wild type mouse and the average value of the correct answer rate of the genetically engineered mouse are plotted against the number of elapsed sessions (that is, the number of days).
  • the correct answer rate approaches 80% on the sixth day, whereas the mouse learning according to the second embodiment is performed.
  • the correct answer rate is about 55% on the sixth day, and the correct answer rate is about 60% on the tenth day. This experiment shows that the learning speed of the mouse is faster when the mouse learning device according to the first embodiment is used than in the second embodiment.
  • [Appendix] A display provided to be visible to the mouse; First and second award punishment granting units that reward or punish the mouse; A mouse detection unit for detecting that the mouse has approached or contacted each prize punishment unit; A speaker that emits audio, A control unit that executes a sample alignment test, a delay sample alignment test, a visual dependency task test, and a memory dependency task test, The sample alignment test is A sample symbol display step for displaying a sample symbol through the display; Through the display, a first selection symbol that is the same type of symbol as the sample symbol is displayed at a position corresponding to one of the first or second award punishment granting units, and a type different from the sample symbol A selection symbol display step of displaying a second selection symbol that is a symbol of the above in a position corresponding to the other prize punishment granting unit of the first or second prize punishment granting unit; When it is detected that the mouse has approached or touched the one prize punishment granting section through the mouse detection section, the mouse is rewarded through the one prize punishment granting section, and the mouse
  • a prize punishment granting step that punishes the mouse through the other prize punishment granting unit when detected is: The sample symbol display step; A delay step of waiting for a preset delay time after erasing the display of the sample symbol; The selection symbol display step started through the delay step; A prize punishment granting step,
  • the visual dependent task test is: The sample symbol display step; An audio generating step for generating audio associated with the sample symbol through the speaker when displaying the sample symbol; The selection symbol display step; A prize punishment granting step,
  • the memory-dependent task test is: Another sound generation step of generating any of the sounds used in the sound generation step of the visual dependency task test through the speaker; Through the display, a first selection symbol corresponding to the voice generated in the other voice generation step is displayed at a position corresponding to one of the first or second prize punishment giving units, Another selection symbol display step of displaying a second selection symbol which is a different type of symbol from the one selection symbol at a position corresponding to the other prize punishment granting portion of the first or second prize punishment granting portion;
  • the breeding cage has a waiting area where a mouse waits and a response area where the first and second prize punishment granting units are provided,
  • the learning device for a mouse restricts the mouse from entering the response area by applying a voltage to the first and second prize punishment granting units or a metal plate laid in the response area.
  • An electric shock imparting unit that permits the mouse to enter the response area by not applying the voltage to the first and second prize punishment imparting units,
  • the controller is In the sample symbol display step, the mouse is restricted from entering the response area through the electric shock applying unit, In the selection symbol display step, the mouse is allowed to enter the response area through the electric shock applying unit.
  • the learning device for a mouse according to Supplementary Note 3, wherein
  • the control unit performs a delay random sampling test,
  • the delayed random sample test is The sample symbol display step of displaying a symbol different from the sample symbol displayed in the sample alignment test and the delay sample alignment test as the sample symbol on the display;
  • the selection symbol display step is The selection symbol display step;
  • a prize punishment granting step The learning device for a mouse according to any one of supplementary notes 1 to 4, characterized in that:
  • the control unit performs the sample setting test for a first set number of times a day for a first period, and after the elapse of the first period, the control unit performs the sample setting test for the second set number of times for a second period.
  • a delay sample alignment test is performed, and after the second period, the delay arbitrary sample alignment test is performed a third set number of times per day over a third period;
  • the control unit performs the visual-dependent task test for a fourth set number of times a day for a fourth period, and after the fourth period, for the fifth set number of times a day for a fifth period. Performing the memory-dependent task test;
  • the learning device for a mouse according to any one of supplementary notes 1 to 6, characterized in that:
  • Appendix 8 The mouse learning device according to any one of appendices 1 to 7, A main computer connectable to a network and capable of communicating with the control unit of the mouse learning device; The main computer is During the period in which each test is performed in the mouse learning device, communication with the control unit is interrupted, In the period when each test is not performed in the mouse learning device, communication with the control unit is enabled. A learning system for mice.
  • Appendix 9 An external computer that remotely operates the main computer or the control unit via the network;
  • a learning program for a mouse for causing a computer to execute at least one selected from the group consisting of a sample alignment test, a delay alignment test, a visual dependency task test, and a memory dependency task test,
  • the sample alignment test is A sample symbol display process for displaying a sample symbol through a display; Through the display, a first selection symbol that is the same type of symbol as the sample symbol is displayed at a position corresponding to one of the first or second award punishment granting units, and a different type of symbol from the sample symbol

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'apprentissage (10a - 10n) pour souris comportant : un dispositif d'affichage (12) disposé de manière à être visuellement observable par une souris ; des tubes d'alimentation en eau (14r, 14l) pour récompenser ou pénaliser la souris ; une unité de détection de contact (15) pour détecter un contact de la souris avec chaque tube d'alimentation en eau (14r, 14l) ; un haut-parleur (19) pour émettre un son ; et un PC d'expérience (20a) pour exécuter un test de correspondance avec un échantillon, un test de correspondance retardée avec un échantillon, un test de tâche dépendant de la vision, et un test de tâche dépendant de la mémoire.
PCT/JP2018/006589 2017-02-24 2018-02-22 Dispositif d'apprentissage pour souris, système d'apprentissage pour souris et programme d'apprentissage pour souris WO2018155596A1 (fr)

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KR102336885B1 (ko) * 2021-09-09 2021-12-09 한국과학기술원 실험동물의 움직임에 따른 다중 감각정보 인지능력 훈련 또는 측정 장치 및 방법
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CN114916496B (zh) * 2022-05-20 2023-09-01 中国人民解放军空军军医大学 一种小鼠合作行为的检测方法
WO2024109855A1 (fr) * 2022-11-23 2024-05-30 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 Procédé et système de détection de capacité d'intégration visuelle et auditive d'un animal

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