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WO2018162791A1 - Réactivation protégée d'un dispositif sans fil en état de veille - Google Patents

Réactivation protégée d'un dispositif sans fil en état de veille Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018162791A1
WO2018162791A1 PCT/FI2018/050046 FI2018050046W WO2018162791A1 WO 2018162791 A1 WO2018162791 A1 WO 2018162791A1 FI 2018050046 W FI2018050046 W FI 2018050046W WO 2018162791 A1 WO2018162791 A1 WO 2018162791A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wireless device
frame
radio interface
link layer
address
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI2018/050046
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Janne Marin
Enrico Henrik Rantala
Mika Kasslin
Olli Alanen
Original Assignee
Nokia Technologies Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nokia Technologies Oy filed Critical Nokia Technologies Oy
Publication of WO2018162791A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018162791A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H04W52/0225—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal
    • H04W52/0229—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal where the received signal is a wanted signal
    • H04W52/0235—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal where the received signal is a wanted signal where the received signal is a power saving command
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
    • H04W12/12—Detection or prevention of fraud
    • H04W12/125—Protection against power exhaustion attacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
    • H04W12/60—Context-dependent security
    • H04W12/69—Identity-dependent
    • H04W12/71—Hardware identity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
    • H04W12/03—Protecting confidentiality, e.g. by encryption
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of wireless communications and, particularly, to securing communications in connection with power-savings of a wireless device.
  • Wireless networks employ various power-saving features to reduce power consumption in battery-operated devices such as mobile devices.
  • Networks based on IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) specifications have introduced a power-save mode where a device may temporarily disable its Wi- Fi interface to reduce the power consumption.
  • Many other networks employ similar power-save modes that allow a battery-operated device to "doze" between frame transmissions or when there is no data to deliver.
  • the Wi-Fi or another main radio interface of the battery- operated device may be temporarily disabled.
  • the dozing may have to be cancelled from time to time, e.g. for receiving information from the wireless network.
  • the information may be provided in a beacon signal or another periodic broadcast signal, for example. There may be other reasons that end the dozing and cause the device to activate its main radio interface for a frame transmission/reception.
  • Maintaining the main radio interface in the doze state for extended durations would be advantageous from the perspective of the power consumption.
  • Use of the doze state may expose the connection of the device to malicious intents and make the connection vulnerable. Therefore, it would be advantageous to improve security in connection with the dozing.
  • Figure 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communication scenario to which embodiments of the invention may be applied
  • Figures 2 and 3 illustrate flow diagrams of processes for addressing a wireless device in a wireless network according to some embodiments of the invention
  • Figure 4 illustrates a signalling diagram of an embodiment for using different addresses when communicating between a wireless device and an access node
  • Figure 5 illustrates operational states and transitions between the operational states according to an embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 6 illustrates an embodiment for using a default address for a wake-up radio interface according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 7 illustrates a signalling diagram of another embodiment for using different addresses when communicating between wireless devices
  • FIGS 8 and 9 illustrate block diagrams of apparatuses according to some embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates wireless communication devices comprising an access point (AP) 100 and a plurality of wireless terminal devices (STA) 110, 112.
  • the access point may be associated with a basic service set (BSS) which is a basic building block of an IEEE 802.11 -based wireless local area network (WLAN).
  • BSS basic service set
  • the most common BSS type is an infrastructure BSS that includes a single AP together with all STAs associated with the AP.
  • the AP may be a fixed AP or it may be a mobile AP.
  • the AP 100 may also provide access to other networks, e.g. the Internet.
  • the BSS may comprise a plurality of APs to form an extended service set (ESS).
  • ESS extended service set
  • a terminal device 110 may establish and manage a peer-to-peer wireless network to which one or more other terminal devices 112 may associate.
  • the peer-to-peer wireless network may be established between two or more terminal devices and, in some embodiment, the terminal device managing the network may operate as an access node providing the other terminal device(s) with a connection to other networks, e.g. the Internet. In other embodiments, such routing functionality is not employed and the connection terminates in the terminal devices.
  • Such a peer-to-peer network may be utilized for data sharing or gaming, for example.
  • the access node 100 may be connected to a network management system (NMS) 130 which may comprise an apparatus configured to maintain channel usage information of wireless networks of one or more access nodes and to configure the channel usage of the wireless networks. For example, it may arrange wireless networks located close to each other to operate on different channels and, thus, avoid interference between the networks.
  • NMS network management system
  • the network management system 130 is comprised in one of the access nodes, e.g. in the access node 100.
  • the network management system is realized by an apparatus different from the access nodes, e.g. by a server computer to which the access nodes may connect via a wired or wireless connection.
  • While embodiments of the invention are described in the context of the above-described topologies of IEEE 802.1 1 specifications, it should be appreciated that these or other embodiments of the invention may be applicable to networks based on other specifications, e.g. other versions of the IEEE 802.1 1 , WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access), UMTS LTE (Long- term Evolution for Universal Mobile Telecommunication System), LTE-Advanced, a fifth generation cellular communication system (5G), and other networks having cognitive radio features, e.g. transmission medium sensing features and adaptiveness to coexist with radio access networks based on different specifications and/or standards. Some embodiments may be applicable to networks having features defined in the IEEE 802.19.1 specification.
  • a suitable communications system is the 5G system, as mentioned above.
  • the wireless network may comprise a single BSS or a plurality of BSSs.
  • the wireless network may comprise a plurality of BSSs that have the same service set identifier (SSID) the same roaming identifier, and/or the same roaming partnership.
  • the wireless network comprises only one access node.
  • a terminal device 1 10, 1 12 may establish a connection with any one of access nodes it has detected to provide a wireless connection within the neighbourhood of the terminal device.
  • the connection establishment may include authentication in which an identity of the terminal device is established in the access node.
  • the authentication may comprise exchanging an encryption key used in the BSS.
  • the access node and the terminal device may carry out association in which the terminal device is fully registered in the BSS, e.g. by providing the terminal device with an association identifier (AID).
  • AID association identifier
  • the association of the terminal device to an access node should be understood broadly as establishing a connection between the terminal device and the access node such that the terminal device is in a connected state with respect to the access node and waiting for downlink frame transmissions from the access node and its own buffers for uplink frame transmissions.
  • the terminal device 1 10, 1 12 may not be simultaneously associated to a plurality of access nodes.
  • 802.1 1 specifications provide power-save mechanisms like a power save (PS) mode to save power when the STA is associated to an access node.
  • PS power save
  • an associated STA is in active state which enforces it to stay in an awake state when the STA is fully powered and able to transmit and receive frames with the access node.
  • An associated STA may transition to the PS mode with explicit signalling and, while operating in the PS mode, it may save power by operating occasionally in a doze state. In the doze state, the STA is not able to transmit or receive frames but, on the other hand, power consumption of the STA is on a considerably lower level than in the awake state.
  • the STA may wake up from the doze state to receive periodic beacon frames from the access node. While the STA is in the doze state, the access node buffers frames addressed to the STA. The access node transmits buffered multicast/groupcast frames after specific delivery traffic indication map (DTIM) beacon frames, when the STA is awake. Unicast frames may be transmitted only upon the STA in the PS mode has indicated that it has entered into the awake state. The access node indicates with the beacon frames (in a traffic indication map, TIM, field) whether it has frames buffered to the STA.
  • DTIM delivery traffic indication map
  • WUR wake-up radio
  • the WUR has been discussed in a WUR study group.
  • a new task group, TGba has been established and it will continue the work of the study group.
  • One purpose of the new radio interface is to enable further power-savings by allowing a main radio (also known as a primary connectivity radio) interface used for data communication according to 802.1 1 specifications to doze for longer periods.
  • the low-power radio interface is called in the study group a wake-up radio (WUR) receiver or a low-power WUR (LP-WUR) receiver, and it is considered to be a companion radio to the primary connectivity radio.
  • WUR wake-up radio
  • LP-WUR low-power WUR
  • a wireless device such as the STA may comprise both a WUR interface and the main 802.1 1 interface.
  • An access node may comprise a WUR interface and the main 802.1 1 interface.
  • a device of the wireless network may include a wake-up radio (WUR) interface and a main radio interface. It has been proposed that the purpose of the wake-up radio interface is only or mainly to wake-up the main radio interface e.g. when the access node has data to transmit to a dozing STA having disabled the main radio interface.
  • WUR wake-up radio
  • the wake-up radio interface may be designed such that it consumes less power than the main radio interface.
  • the wake-up radio interface may employ a simpler modulation scheme than the main radio interface, e.g. the wake-up radio interface may use only on-off keying (OOK) while the main radio interface uses variable and more complex modulations schemes such as phase-shift keying and (quadrature) amplitude modulation.
  • the wake-up radio interface may operate on a smaller bandwidth than the smallest operational bandwidth of the main radio interface, e.g. 5 Megahertz (MHz) for the wake-up radio and 20 MHz for the smallest bandwidth of the main radio interface.
  • the wake-up radio interface may be powered on when the main radio interface is powered off.
  • a wake-up radio interface of the STA may be configured to receive and extract wake-up radio frames transmitted by a wake-up radio interface of the access node.
  • the wake-up radio interface of the STA may be capable of decoding the wake-up radio frames on its own without any help from the main radio interface.
  • the wake-up radio interface may comprise, in addition to a radio frequency front-end receiver components, digital baseband receiver components and a frame extraction processor capable of decoding contents of a wake-up radio frame.
  • the wake-up radio frame may comprise a destination address field indicating a STA that should wake up the main radio interface, and the frame extraction processor may perform decoding of the destination address from a received wake-up radio frame and determine whether or not the destination address is an address of the STA of the frame extraction processor. If yes, it may output a wake-up signal causing the main radio interface to wake up for radio communication with an access node.
  • the wake-up radio to wake up the main radio interface may be performed when the STA is associated to the access node.
  • the wake-up radio interface may be used to wake up the main radio interface when the STA is associated to no access node.
  • a problem with the simplified communication protocol of the WUR interface may cause security problems.
  • a malicious device may try to wake up dozing devices by flooding wake-up frames through the WUR interface, and they may even try to gain an unauthorized access to the dozing devices by trying to wake them up to transmit a frame to the malicious device.
  • Figures 2 and 3 illustrate methods for addressing wireless devices in a wireless network according to some embodiments of the invention.
  • the method of Figure 2 may be carried out by a wireless device such as a terminal device or a peer device
  • the method of Figure 3 may be carried out by a wireless device such as an access node or a peer device.
  • the method comprises: receiving, by a first wireless device from a second wireless device via a first radio interface of the first wireless device, a first frame comprising a first medium access control (MAC) address identifying the first wireless device as a recipient of the first frame, the first frame further comprising an information element indicating a link layer address for use by the first wireless device when operating a second radio interface of the first wireless device; receiving, by the first wireless device from the second wireless device via the second radio interface, a second frame comprising the link layer address identifying the first wireless device as a recipient of the second frame; and in response to receiving the second frame, transmitting by the first wireless device a third frame by using the first radio interface, the third frame comprising the first MAC address.
  • MAC medium access control
  • the method comprises: determining, by a first wireless device for a second wireless device, a first medium access control, MAC, address for use in communication over a first radio interface and a link layer address for use in communication over a second radio interface different from the first radio interface; transmitting, by the first wireless device to the second wireless device via the first radio interface, a first frame comprising the first MAC address identifying the second wireless device as a recipient of the first frame and an information element indicating the link layer address to the second wireless device; transmitting, by the first wireless device to the second wireless device via the second radio interface, a second frame comprising the link layer address identifying the second wireless device as a recipient of the second frame; and after transmitting the second frame, receiving by the first wireless device a third frame from the second wireless device by using the first radio interface, the third frame comprising the first MAC address.
  • MAC medium access control
  • Figures 2 and 3 illustrate methods for inter-related devices, and the reader is advised that the first wireless device of the embodiment of Figure 2 may be considered as the second wireless device of the embodiment of Figure 3. Similarly, the second wireless device of the embodiment of Figure 2 may be considered as the first wireless device of the embodiment of Figure 3.
  • the wireless devices communicate a recipient address (the link layer address) for the second radio interface through the first radio interface.
  • the link layer address may be communicated in a secured manner.
  • the link layer address is a second MAC address different from the first MAC address.
  • the second MAC address is a unicast MAC address.
  • the second MAC address is a groupcast MAC address.
  • the second MAC address is a multicast MAC address.
  • the second MAC address is a broadcast MAC address.
  • the link layer address is an address another than the MAC address.
  • the link layer address could be a device address used in link layer communications, or a temporary network address. The embodiments below are described in the context of the second MAC address but, in other embodiments, the second MAC address could be replaced by another link layer address.
  • the second MAC address instead of the second MAC address another address is indicated in the second frame.
  • the address could be another link layer address, device address, association address or, in general, any identifier that would enable identification of a wireless device as a recipient of the second frame.
  • the second radio interface is the above-described WUR interface.
  • the WUR interface is used as an example.
  • the WUR interface is for unidirectional communication.
  • the WUR interface of the access node may be exclusively for transmitting the frames such as the wake-up frames, while the WUR interface of the terminal device may be exclusively for receiving frames such as the wake-up frames.
  • the WUR interfaces are configured for bidirectional communication.
  • the wireless devices may communicated the wake-up frames to one direction and other simple pieces of information to the opposite direction. Such information may include an acknowledgement of a successful reception of the wake-up frame or an acknowledgment of a downlink data packet received through the main radio interface, for example.
  • the first radio interface is the above-described main radio interface and it may comply with IEEE 802.11 technology or another bidirectional radio access technology of a wireless network.
  • the main interface is used as an example of the first radio interface.
  • the MAC address of the main radio interface is permanent at least for a duration of an association between the wireless devices.
  • the MAC address of the WUR interface is dynamic or temporary and changed during the association. This further improves the security of the WUR communication.
  • the MAC address of the main radio interface may have an unspecified or unlimited number of uses. This may be considered that an unspecified or unlimited number of frames may be communicated by using the MAC address of the main radio interface. Instead, the MAC address of the WUR interface may have a specified or limited number of uses.
  • the number of frames that can be transmitted to the MAC address of the WUR interface may be predetermined and known by both transmitting and receiving wireless devices. The number of frames may be one, two, five , or ten frames, as non- limiting examples.
  • Figure 4 illustrates an embodiment of a signalling diagram combining the functions of Figures 2 and 3 and encompassing further embodiments.
  • Figure 4 illustrates communication between a wireless device 1 10 and the access node 100 but a similar process may be carried out between the wireless devices 1 10, 1 12.
  • the wireless device 1 10 and the access node 100 may carry out an association procedure in step 400.
  • the association may be carried out in the above-described manner, and the access node 100 may allocate a MAC identifier of the main radio interface to the wireless device 1 10 during the association. This MAC address is from now on called a main MAC address.
  • the access node 100 may allocate to the wireless device 1 10 another MAC address in block 402.
  • the other MAC address may be for the WUR interface, from now on called a WUR MAC address, and it may be different from the MAC address of the main radio interface.
  • the access node 100 transmits a radio frame to the wireless device 1 10 by using the main radio interface.
  • the radio frame may be the first frame of Figures 2 and 3.
  • the radio frame may be an association response frame or a reassociation response frame.
  • An information element comprising the WUR MAC address in the radio frame may have the following format:
  • the Element ID may indicate a type of the information element, Length may indicate the length of the information element, and the information element further indicates the WUR MAC address.
  • the information element carries the full WUR MAC address.
  • the access node 100 and the wireless device 110 may employ a pseudo-random address generator for generating the WUR MAC address from a seed value.
  • the devices 100, 1 10 may employ the same generator.
  • the information element may carry a seed value for the new WUR MAC address, and the devices may input the seed value to the generator and use an output of the generator as the WUR MAC address.
  • the devices 100, 110 may store the WUR MAC addresses in an indexed database, and both devices may use the same indexing for the WUR MAC address database.
  • the access node 100 may select the WUR MAC address and transmit only the index of the selected WUR MAC address in the information element.
  • the wireless device may retrieve a WUR MAC address associated with the received index in the database and employ the retrieved WUR MAC address.
  • the indexing may be a running index in which case an order of the WUR MAC
  • a dedicated index is linked and stored for each WUR MAC address in the database.
  • the radio frame transferred in step 404 may comprise the main MAC address of the wireless device 1 10 in a receiver address field of the radio frame. This indicates that the wireless device 1 10 is an intended recipient of the radio frame.
  • the radio frame may further carry the WUR MAC address of the wireless device 1 10, thus indicating the WUR MAC address allocated in block 402 to the wireless device 110.
  • the WUR MAC address may be provided in a payload portion of the radio frame.
  • the WUR MAC address and/or payload portion may be encrypted in order to ensure secured transmission of the WUR MAC address.
  • the payload portion may be encrypted by using a wired equivalency privacy (WEP) encryption algorithm or any one of Wi-Fi protected access (WPA) algorithms, for example.
  • WEP wired equivalency privacy
  • WPA Wi-Fi protected access
  • the WUR MAC address in the payload portion may, additionally or alternatively, be encrypted by using a different encryption algorithm to provide further security for the WUR MAC address.
  • a header of the radio frame and, therefore, also the main MAC address may be unencrypted.
  • the wireless device 1 10 may store the WUR MAC address as a current MAC address of the WUR interface of the wireless device 1 10.
  • the wireless device 1 10 may at some point determine to enter a dormant state or another power-save mode where the wireless device 1 10 disables the main radio interface.
  • the wireless device 1 10 indicates the transition to the dormant state in an uplink frame transmitted by the wireless device 1 10 by using the main radio interface and the main MAC address in a transmitter field of the uplink frame.
  • the access node 406 may record the dormant state as a current operational state of the wireless device in block 410. This record may inform the access node that the wireless device can be reached only through the WUR interface.
  • the wireless device 1 10 enters the dormant state, disables the main radio interface and enables the WUR interface. With respect to enabling the WUR interface, the wireless device may start scanning for a wake-up frame comprising the WUR MAC address received in step 404 by using the WUR interface.
  • the active state 500 may be a state where the main radio interface of the wireless device 1 10 is powered, and a dormant state 502 may be a state where the main radio interface is disabled or powered off.
  • the WUR interface of the wireless device may be powered in the dormant state 502 and shut down in the active state 500.
  • the wake-up radio interface is enabled or powered on in both states 502, 500.
  • Another criterion for state transition from the dormant state 502 to the active state 500 may be timer-based.
  • the wireless device may activate a timer.
  • the wireless device may trigger the state transition to the active state 500.
  • the wireless device may trigger transmission of an uplink control, data or management frame such as a power-save (PS) poll frame or a trigger frame, or to carry out reception and decoding of at least one beacon frame, for example.
  • PS power-save
  • Yet another criterion for the state transition from the dormant state 502 to the active state 500 may be event-based.
  • the wireless device may determine a need to transmit an uplink control, data or management frame such as the PS poll frame or the trigger frame.
  • Transition from the active state 500 to the dormant state 502 may be triggered by successful reception of one or more downlink frames.
  • the access node may indicate an end of the service period (EOSP) with a sub field "end of service period" in the last downlink frame of the service period.
  • EOSP end of the service period
  • the wireless device may switch to the dormant state after transmitting an acknowledgment to the last downlink frame.
  • the access node may assume that the wireless device has entered the dormant state and can be contacted only with the wake-up radio interface.
  • the indication of the end of the service period by the access node and associated acknowledgment by the wireless device may serve as an implicit indication that the wireless device shall transition to the doze state. Accordingly, no explicit indication is necessary, which provides a reduced signaling overhead.
  • the wireless device 110 may explicitly indicate the state transition to the dormant state 502.
  • the state transition from the active state 500 to the doze state may be triggered by the successful reception of the single downlink frame in the active state 500.
  • the access node may assume that the wireless device has entered the dormant state 502 and can be contacted only with the WUR interface.
  • the access node 100 may generate a wake-up frame comprising the WUR MAC address of the wireless device 110 in a receiver address field of the wake-up frame.
  • the access node transmits the wake-up frame by using the WUR interface.
  • the wake-up frame may be the second frame of Figures 2 and 3.
  • the wake-up frame may comprise the following information element:
  • the WUR MAC address is a unicast address and the wake- up frame may be used to wake-up a single dormant device.
  • the WUR MAC address is a groupcast, multicast, or a broadcast address and the wake-up frame may be used to wake-up multiple dormant devices.
  • the wake-up frame may comprise multiple unicast/groupcast/multicast/broadcast WUR MAC addresses and wake up multiple dormant wireless devices:
  • the wireless device 110 detects the wake- up frame in step 414. Upon detecting the WUR MAC address of the wireless device 110 in the receiver address field of the wake-up frame, the wireless device determines that the main radio interface shall be powered up and powers up the main radio interface in block 416. Accordingly, the wireless device switches from the dormant state 502 to the active state 500. Upon powering up the main radio interface, the wireless device 1 10 may generate an uplink frame and transmit the uplink frame in step 418.
  • the uplink frame may be transmitted by using the main radio interface, and the uplink frame may comprise the main MAC address in a transmitter field of the uplink frame.
  • the uplink frame may be the third frame of Figures 2 and 3.
  • the uplink frame indicates to the access node that the wireless device has switched to the active state 500.
  • the uplink frame comprises an acknowledgment to a downlink data packet transmitted by the access node after block 416.
  • the uplink frame comprises an uplink data packet.
  • the access node may start a process for changing the WUR MAC address of the wireless device 1 10.
  • the access node 420 selects and allocates a new WUR MAC address for the wireless device, the new WUR MAC address being different from the WUR MAC address allocated in block 402.
  • the access node may then transmit the newly allocated WUR MAC address in a frame in step 422 by using the main radio interface.
  • the frame may be addressed to the main MAC address of the wireless device 1 10.
  • the wireless device 110 may determine from the main MAC address in the receiver address field of the frame that the WUR MAC address comprised in the frame is intended for the wireless device and store the received WUR MAC address as a new WUR MAC address for the WUR interface.
  • the wireless device 1 10 may disable the WUR MAC address received in step 404. After the disabling, the wireless device 110 may neglect in block 426 any wake-up frame or another frame transmitted through a WUR interface (step 424) and addressed to the disabled WUR MAC address.
  • the wireless device 1 10 may be provided with a default WUR MAC address that may be used when the device 1 10 is powered up for the first time and/or whenever there is a malfunction in the operation of the device.
  • the default WUR MAC address may be stored in a quick response (QR) code, near-field communications (NFC) tag, etc. from which the device may read the default WUR MAC address when a user powers up the device 110 for the first time.
  • QR quick response
  • NFC near-field communications
  • Figure 6 illustrates a process for using such a default WUR MAC address.
  • the wireless device 1 10 When the wireless device 1 10 is powered up in block 600, it may be configured to read the default WUR MAC address form a memory or by using a scanner comprised in the wireless device 1 10.
  • the scanner may be a QR code (optical) scanner or an NFC reader, for example.
  • the wireless device Upon reading the default WUR MAC address, the wireless device may enter the dormant state 502 and start scanning for a wake-up frame addressed to the default WUR MAC address (block 602).
  • the access node 100 may also store information on the default WUR MAC address, the default WUR MAC address may be a shared address and defined in system parameters as an initial or fallback WUR MAC address.
  • the access node may be configured to send, periodically or in another regular manner, a wake-up frame addressed to the default WUR MAC address to wake up devices that are no currently associated to the access node (step 604).
  • the wireless device 1 10 may enter the active state and power up the main radio interface in block 606. Thereafter, the wireless device 1 10 may initiate association to the access node (step 400 described above) by using the main radio interface.
  • Figure 7 illustrates yet another embodiment where a first wireless device wakes a dormant wireless device up to transmit uplink data to a third wireless device.
  • the first wireless device may be a personal electronic device such as a portable or wearable electronic device with radio communication capability.
  • the dormant wireless device may be a low-power electronic device such as a sensor device.
  • the dormant wireless device may remain substantially static or immobile.
  • the third wireless device may be the access node 100, for example.
  • the first wireless device is the wireless device 1 12 of Figure 1
  • the dormant wireless device is the wireless device 1 10 of Figure 1.
  • the wireless devices 1 10, 1 12 may be associated to one another (step 400) and, additionally, the wireless device 1 10 may be associated to the access node 100.
  • the wireless device 1 10 may employ different main MAC addresses #1 and #2 for the different associations, as illustrated in Figure 7.
  • the wireless device 1 10 may remain in a coverage area of the access node 100 while the wireless device 1 12 may be mobile and exit the coverage area due to the mobility of its user.
  • the wireless device 1 12 may be associated to the access node while it remains in the coverage area but, in another embodiment, the wireless device 1 12 is not associated to the access node 100 during the procedure of Figure 7.
  • the process of Figure 7 may be carried out in a manner similar to the procedure of Figure 4 with respect to the steps or blocks indicated with the same reference numbers.
  • the indication in step 406 may be omitted, or the wireless device 1 10 may send the indication to the access node 100. In that case, the wireless device uses the main MAC address #2 as a transmitter address in a frame transmitted in step 406.
  • the wireless device 1 10 transmits the indication in step 406 to both wireless device 1 12 and the access node 100. Whenever, the indication in step 406 is received by the access node 100, the access node 100 may carry out block 410 in the above-described manner.
  • the wireless device 1 12 designed to wake up the wireless device 1 10 may allocate the second MAC address to the wireless device 1 10.
  • the wireless device 1 12 may detect an event.
  • the event may be a positioning event (block 700), e.g. the wireless device 1 12 enters a location identified as "home" or another location.
  • the (positioning) event in block 700 may trigger the wireless device 1 12 to wake up the wireless device 1 10.
  • the wireless device 112 transmits the wake-up frame as addressed to the second MAC address.
  • the wireless device 1 10 powers up the main radio interface and transmits an uplink frame 704 to the access node.
  • a use scenario for the embodiment of Figure 7 may be such that certain data provided by the wireless device 1 10 is only relevant when the user of the wireless device 1 12 is at home and, therefore, the positioning event may be used to trigger the transmission of the data.
  • the positioning of the wireless device 1 12 may be used to determine whether or not the user is at home.
  • the wireless device may be configured to carry out data transmissions with the access node 100 even upon receiving the wake-up frame from the wireless device 112 other than the access node 100. In an embodiment, this may be realized by the wireless device inserting a network identifier of a wireless network of the access node 100 in the wake-up frame.
  • the dormant wireless device 1 10 receiving the wake-up frame may determine a network with which to communicate in step 704 on the basis of the network identifier in the received wake-up frame.
  • the wireless device 1 12 may acquire the network identifier through a scanning process or an association process in which the wireless device exchanges one or more frames with the access node 100.
  • the network identifier may be a service set identifier (SSID) of an 802.1 1 network.
  • SSID service set identifier
  • the uplink data in step 704 may be routed to a server computer such as a cloud server.
  • the server computer may also be in communication with the wireless device 112.
  • the server computer is capable of carrying out positioning of the wireless device 1 12.
  • the server computer may execute block 700 and control either the access node or the wireless device 1 12 to wake up the wireless device 1 10 in step 702. If the access node 100 is configured to carry out the wake-up procedure, the procedure may be similar to that of Figure 4 except for that the server computer triggers the execution of step 414. If the wireless device 1 12 carries out the wake-up procedure, the procedure may be similar to that of Figure 7 except for that the server computer performs block 700 and triggers the execution of step 702.
  • the positioning event in block 700 may be detection of the wireless devices 1 10, 1 12 within one another's radio coverage area.
  • This positioning event may require an additional event to trigger the wireless device 1 12 to transmit the wake-up frame.
  • the additional event may be an application event of a computer program application executed in the wireless device 1 12.
  • the computer program application may require data from the wireless device either directly or via the server computer.
  • the application event as combined with the positioning event may then trigger the transmission of the wake-up frame in step 702. Either event alone without the other may not trigger the step 702. For example, if the application would require the data while the wireless device 1 12 is outside the determined area of the positioning event, the wake-up frame is not transmitted. In a similar manner, if the wireless device 1 12 is in the determined area but the application does not require the data, the wake-up frame is not transmitted.
  • Figure 8 illustrates an embodiment of a structure of the above-mentioned functionalities of the apparatus executing the process of Figure 3 or any one of the embodiments performed by the access node 100.
  • the apparatus may be the access node 100.
  • the apparatus may comply with specifications of an IEEE 802.1 1 network and/or another wireless network.
  • the apparatus may be defined as a cognitive radio apparatus capable of adapting its operation to a changing radio environment, e.g. to changes in parameters of another system on the same frequency band.
  • the apparatus may be or may be comprised in a computer (PC), a laptop, a tablet computer, a cellular phone, a palm computer, or any other apparatus provided with radio communication capability.
  • the apparatus carrying out the above-described functionalities is comprised in such a device, e.g.
  • the apparatus may comprise a circuitry, e.g. a chip, a chipset, a processor, a micro controller, or a combination of such circuitries in any one of the above-described devices.
  • the apparatus may be an electronic device comprising electronic circuitries for realizing the embodiments of the present invention.
  • the apparatus may comprise the above-described main radio interface 12 configured to provide the apparatus with capability for bidirectional communication with wireless devices in a wireless network managed by the apparatus.
  • the main radio interface 12 may operate according to 802.11 technology, for example.
  • the main radio interface 12 may comprise analogue radio communication components and digital baseband processing components for processing transmission and reception signals.
  • the main radio interface 12 may support multiple modulation formats.
  • the apparatus may further comprise the above-described wake-up radio interface 16 comprising a transmission circuitry for generating and transmitting the wake-up frames.
  • the wake- up radio interface 16 may be configured for transmission only but, in some embodiments, the wake- up radio interface may enable uplink communications where the wake-up radio interface 16 has reception capability.
  • the wake-up radio interface 16 may comprise analogue radio communication components and digital baseband processing components for processing transmission and reception signals.
  • the wake-up radio interface 16 may support a single modulation scheme only, e.g. the on- off keying.
  • the main radio interface and the wake-up radio interface may comprise radio interface components providing the apparatus with radio communication capability within one or more wireless networks.
  • the radio interface components may comprise standard well-known components such as an amplifier, filter, frequency-converter, (de)modulator, and encoder/decoder circuitries and one or more antennas.
  • the apparatus may further comprise a memory 20 storing one or more computer program products 22 configuring the operation of at least one processor of the apparatus, e.g. a transmission controller 14 described below.
  • the memory 20 may further store a configuration database 24 storing operational configurations of the apparatus.
  • the configuration database may, for example, store the record of the current operational states of wireless devices associated to the apparatus.
  • the memory 20 may further store the buffer storing downlink data addressed to the wireless devices associated to the apparatus.
  • the memory 20 may further store the above-described database for the temporary WUR MAC addresses, and the database may further store on indication to indicate for each WUR MAC address whether the WUR MAC address is currently allocated or free for allocation.
  • the apparatus may further comprise a transmission controller 14 configured to control the operation of the main radio interface 12 and the wake-up radio interface 16.
  • the transmission controller may selectively use the main radio interface 12 and/or the wake-up radio interface 16 to communicate with the wireless devices associated to the apparatus, e.g. on the basis of the current operational state of the wireless devices.
  • the transmission controller may, for example, control the operation of the access node in the embodiments of Figures 3, 4, and 6.
  • the transmission controller 14 may comprise an address manager 18 configured to allocate the main MAC addresses and the WUR MAC addresses to the wireless devices according to any one of the above-described embodiments. Upon allocating a new WUR MAC address to a wireless device, the address manager may configure the main radio interface 12 to transmit a frame comprising a main MAC address of the wireless device in a receiver address field of the frame and the allocated new WUR MAC address in another information element in the frame.
  • the apparatus comprises at least one processor and at least one memory 20 including a computer program code 22, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus to carry out the functionalities of the access node according to any one of the embodiments of Figures 3, 4, 6, and 7.
  • the computer program code when the at least one processor executes the computer program code, the computer program code causes the apparatus to carry out the functionalities according to any one of the embodiments of Figures 3, 4, 6, and 7.
  • the apparatus comprises the at least one processor and at least one memory 20 including a computer program code 22, wherein the at least one processor and the computer program code 22 perform the at least some of the functionalities of the access node according to any one of the embodiments of Figures 3, 4, 6, and 7.
  • the at least one processor, the memory, and the computer program code form processing means for carrying out embodiments of the present invention in the access node.
  • the apparatus carrying out the embodiments of the invention in the access node comprises a circuitry including at least one processor and at least one memory 20 including computer program code 22. When activated, the circuitry causes the apparatus to perform the at least some of the functionalities of the access node according to any one of the embodiments of Figures 3, 4, 6, and 7.
  • Figure 9 illustrates an embodiment of a structure of the above-mentioned functionalities of the apparatus executing the process of Figure 2 or any one of the embodiments performed by the wireless device 1 10 or wireless device 1 12.
  • the apparatus may be the wireless device 1 10 or 1 12.
  • the apparatus may comply with IEEE 802.1 1 technology and/or another wireless networking technology.
  • the apparatus may be defined as a cognitive radio apparatus capable of adapting its operation to a changing radio environment, e.g. to changes in parameters of another system on the same frequency band.
  • the apparatus may be or may be comprised in a computer (PC), a laptop, a tablet computer, a cellular phone, a palm computer, or any other apparatus provided with radio communication capability.
  • PC computer
  • the apparatus carrying out the above-described functionalities is comprised in such a device, e.g. the apparatus may comprise a circuitry, e.g. a chip, a chipset, a processor, a micro controller, or a combination of such circuitries in any one of the above- described devices.
  • the apparatus may be an electronic device comprising electronic circuitries for realizing the embodiments of the present invention.
  • the apparatus may comprise the above-described main radio interface 52 configured to provide the apparatus with capability for bidirectional communication with an access node operating a wireless network.
  • the main radio interface 52 may operate according to 802.1 1 specifications, for example.
  • the main radio interface 52 may comprise analogue radio communication components and digital baseband processing components for processing transmission and reception signals.
  • the main radio interface 52 may support multiple modulation formats.
  • the apparatus may further comprise the above-described wake-up radio interface 56 comprising a reception circuitry for receiving the wake-up frames.
  • the wake-up radio interface 56 may be configured for reception only but, in some embodiments, the wake-up radio interface may enable uplink communications where the wake-up radio interface 56 has transmission capability.
  • the wake-up radio interface 56 may comprise analogue radio communication components and digital baseband processing components for processing transmission and reception signals.
  • the wake-up radio interface 16 may support a single modulation scheme only, e.g. the on-off keying.
  • the main radio interface and the wake-up radio interface may comprise radio interface components providing the apparatus with radio communication capability within one or more wireless networks.
  • the radio interface components may comprise standard well-known components such as an amplifier, filter, frequency-converter, (de)modulator, and encoder/decoder circuitries and one or more antennas.
  • the apparatus may further comprise a memory 60 storing one or more computer program products 62 configuring the operation of at least one processor of the apparatus, e.g. a state selection circuitry 54 described below.
  • the memory 60 may further store a configuration database 64 storing operational configurations of the apparatus.
  • the configuration database may, for example, store the current operational state 500 or 502 of the apparatus.
  • the configuration database 64 may further store a main MAC address and a WUR MAC address currently allocated to the apparatus.
  • the apparatus may further comprise a communication controller 54 managing communications in the apparatus and controlling the operation of the radio interfaces 52, 56.
  • the communication controller 54 may comprise a state selection circuitry 58 configured to switch the main radio interface 52 and the wake-up radio interface 56 on and off according to the current operational state of the apparatus.
  • the state selection circuitry may control the switching according to the transitions described above in connection with Figure 5. For example, upon receiving the wake- up frame in the dormant state through the wake-up radio interface 56, the state selection circuitry 58 may power-up the main radio interface 52.
  • the communication controller 54 may comprise an address controller 57 configured to manage the MAC addresses of the apparatus.
  • the address controller 57 may, for example, configure the main radio interface 52 to use the main MAC address received during the association procedure (step 400) in all communications.
  • the address controller may further configure the wake-up radio interface 56 to employ a WUR MAC address currently allocated to the apparatus and received from an access node through the main radio interface 52.
  • the address controller 57 may disable the WUR MAC address even in a case where it has not yet received a new WUR MAC address from the access node.
  • the apparatus comprises at least one processor and at least one memory 60 including a computer program code 62, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus to carry out the functionalities of the wireless device according to any one of the embodiments of Figures 2 and 4 to 7.
  • the computer program code when the at least one processor executes the computer program code, the computer program code causes the apparatus to carry out the functionalities according to any one of the embodiments of Figures 2 and 4 to 7.
  • the apparatus comprises the at least one processor and at least one memory 20 including a computer program code 22, wherein the at least one processor and the computer program code 22 perform the at least some of the functionalities of the wireless device according to any one of the embodiments of Figures 2 and 4 to 7.
  • the at least one processor, the memory, and the computer program code form processing means for carrying out embodiments of the present invention in the wireless device.
  • the apparatus carrying out the embodiments of the invention in the wireless device comprises a circuitry including at least one processor and at least one memory 20 including computer program code 22. When activated, the circuitry causes the apparatus to perform the at least some of the functionalities of the wireless device according to any one of the embodiments of Figures 2 and 4 to 7.
  • the interface may be understood as logical interfaces of radio links.
  • the first radio interface e.g. the main radio interface
  • the second radio interface e.g. the WUR interface
  • the first radio link may be used by a first radio device, e.g. a main radio device
  • the second radio link may be used by a second radio device, e.g. the WUR radio device.
  • the first radio interface and the second radio interface may have dedicated hardware. In another embodiment, the first radio interface and the second radio interface may share at least some hardware of the apparatus.
  • circuitry refers to all of the following: (a) hardware-only circuit implementations, such as implementations in only analogue and/or digital circuitry, and (b) to combinations of circuits and software (and/or firmware), such as (as applicable): (i) a combination of processor(s) or (ii) portions of processor(s)/software including digital signal processor(s), software, and memory(ies) that work together to cause an apparatus to perform various functions, and (c) to circuits, such as a microprocessor(s) or a portion of a microprocessor(s), that require software or firmware for operation, even if the software or firmware is not physically present.
  • circuitry would also cover an implementation of merely a processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a processor and its (or their) accompanying software and/or firmware.
  • circuitry would also cover, for example and if applicable to the particular element, a baseband integrated circuit or applications processor integrated circuit for a wireless device.
  • the processes or methods described in connection with Figures 2 to 6 may also be carried out in the form of a computer process defined by a computer program.
  • the computer program may be in source code form, object code form, or in some intermediate form, and it may be stored in a transitory or a non-transitory carrier, which may be any entity or device capable of carrying the program.
  • Such carriers include a record medium, computer memory, read-only memory, electrical carrier signal, telecommunications signal, and software distribution package, for example.
  • the computer program may be executed in a single electronic digital processing unit or it may be distributed amongst a number of processing units.
  • the present invention is applicable to wireless networks defined above but also to other suitable wireless communication systems.
  • the protocols used, the specifications of wireless networks, their network elements and terminals, develop rapidly. Such development may require extra changes to the described embodiments. Therefore, all words and expressions should be interpreted broadly and they are intended to illustrate, not to restrict, the embodiment. It will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that, as technology advances, the inventive concept can be implemented in various ways.
  • the invention and its embodiments are not limited to the examples described above but may vary within the scope of the claims.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une solution destinée à l'adressage d'un dispositif sans fil. Selon un aspect, un procédé consiste à : recevoir, par un premier dispositif sans fil, en provenance d'un second dispositif sans fil et par l'intermédiaire d'une première interface radio du premier dispositif sans fil, une première trame comprenant une première adresse de commande d'accès au support (MAC) identifiant le premier dispositif sans fil en tant que destinataire de la première trame, la première trame comprenant en outre un élément d'information indiquant une adresse de couche de liaison destinée à être utilisée par le premier dispositif sans fil lors de l'exploitation d'une seconde interface radio du premier dispositif sans fil; recevoir, par le premier dispositif sans fil, en provenance du second dispositif sans fil et par l'intermédiaire de la seconde interface radio, une deuxième trame comprenant l'adresse de couche de liaison identifiant le premier dispositif sans fil en tant que destinataire de la deuxième trame; et en réponse à la réception de la deuxième trame, transmettre, par le premier dispositif sans fil, une troisième trame à l'aide de la première interface radio, la troisième trame comprenant la première adresse MAC.
PCT/FI2018/050046 2017-03-10 2018-01-23 Réactivation protégée d'un dispositif sans fil en état de veille WO2018162791A1 (fr)

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