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WO2018166126A1 - 动物房舍的通风调温结构 - Google Patents

动物房舍的通风调温结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018166126A1
WO2018166126A1 PCT/CN2017/092783 CN2017092783W WO2018166126A1 WO 2018166126 A1 WO2018166126 A1 WO 2018166126A1 CN 2017092783 W CN2017092783 W CN 2017092783W WO 2018166126 A1 WO2018166126 A1 WO 2018166126A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
temperature
ventilation
room
exhaust
exhaust gas
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/092783
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
余平
Original Assignee
余平
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201710162176.0A external-priority patent/CN106900564A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201720541410.6U external-priority patent/CN206879716U/zh
Application filed by 余平 filed Critical 余平
Priority to CA3023366A priority Critical patent/CA3023366A1/en
Priority to US16/309,564 priority patent/US11116175B2/en
Publication of WO2018166126A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018166126A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/0047—Air-conditioning, e.g. ventilation, of animal housings
    • A01K1/0052—Arrangement of fans or blowers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/0047—Air-conditioning, e.g. ventilation, of animal housings
    • A01K1/007—Arrangement of curtain systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/0047—Air-conditioning, e.g. ventilation, of animal housings
    • A01K1/0076—Arrangement of heaters or heat exchangers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/0047—Air-conditioning, e.g. ventilation, of animal housings
    • A01K1/0058—Construction of air inlets or outlets in roofs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/0047—Air-conditioning, e.g. ventilation, of animal housings
    • A01K1/0082—Water misting or cooling systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of animals, and particularly relates to a ventilation and temperature regulation structure of an animal house.
  • the animal house used for breeding is the living place of the animal, which indirectly affects the growth and development of the animal.
  • most of the existing pig houses also use traditional pig houses, which are weighed with brick walls and roof trusses.
  • the ground is mainly cement floor and easy to wash, but this traditional structure
  • the existing pig houses adopt a hollow floor to facilitate the discharge of feces, and can solve the problem of drying, and save resources, a small amount of water can solve the flushing.
  • the hollow floor has solved some of the problems in the animal house, the problem of summer ventilation and warmth in the animal house cannot be solved.
  • the inventors have developed a new animal house on the basis of the existing animal house, which is a ventilation passage below the existing animal house, that is, below the ground. Since the ventilation passage is built under the ground, the geothermal heat and warm summer and cool characteristics can be used to warm or cool the air from the outside into the ventilation passage by using the geothermal heat, and then transport it into the interior of the house to cool the house.
  • this structure can play the role of cooling in summer and warming in winter to a certain extent, in the process of using, the inventor found that there are still some problems.
  • the main problems are as follows: First, the wind is transported from the ventilation channel.
  • the temperature at the air inlet in the house is closer to the temperature in the ventilation channel, but the animals in the animal house are metabolized to generate heat, so that the temperature in the house and the ventilation passage are farther away from the inlet end.
  • the greater the temperature difference it is estimated that the temperature at the exhaust vent in the house is 3 to 5 °C lower than the temperature at the air inlet in the house.
  • the feces produced by the animals in the animal house although part of the feces through the lower fecal passage, to avoid the odor problem caused by the accumulation of feces inside the house, but in the existing centralized breeding animal houses
  • the problem of exhaust gas is still a major problem that plagues farmers.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a ventilation and temperature regulation structure of an animal house with ventilation and waste reduction and good temperature adjustment effect.
  • a ventilation and temperature regulation structure of an animal house comprising a building body and a temperature regulating device provided with a culture layer, and the house body includes a temperature equalizing device and an exhausting device.
  • the temperature equalizing device comprises a temperature equalizing passage running through the aquaculture layer, and the side wall of the temperature equalizing channel is provided with a plurality of ventilation holes; the outlet end of the temperature regulating device is in communication with the uniform temperature channel.
  • the exhausting device is for extracting the exhaust gas in the animal house Out of the house, the exhaust gas in the house can be extracted by means of an air pump; the temperature regulating device is used to adjust the temperature inside the house, and the temperature regulating device can be used for the existing geothermal temperature adjustment or heating with the heating temperature.
  • the device or the cooling air conditioner, or the like as long as the adjustment temperature can be reached; the uniform temperature channel of the temperature equalizing device passes through the aquaculture layer, and the function is that the air tempered by the temperature regulating device first enters the uniform temperature channel.
  • the buffering effect is carried out, and the adjusted air is temporarily stored in the uniform temperature channel; the effect of the plurality of vent holes is to slowly release the temporarily adjusted air into the animal house.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that: the first, temperature equalizing device fills the air adjusted by the temperature regulating device from the end to the tail in the culture layer of the animal house, and then gradually releases from the vent hole, compared to before In terms of the manner in which the conditioned air enters from the end of the culture layer, the structure can evenly distribute the conditioned air from the end to the tail of the culture layer to achieve a uniform temperature effect; second, the exhaust gas device can The exhaust gas in the animal house is discharged, so as to achieve better ventilation and waste reduction effect.
  • the temperature regulating device comprises a temperature regulating channel disposed at the bottom of the building body, and the temperature regulating channel is located below the ground; the inlet end of the temperature regulating channel is connected to the outside, and the outlet end of the temperature regulating channel and the temperature equalizing channel are One end is connected.
  • the temperature regulating device adopts the temperature regulating channel method which is invented by the inventor before the ground, and the external air enters from the inlet end of the temperature regulating channel, and is heated or cooled by the geothermal heat under the ground, from the outlet end of the temperature regulating channel. Drain and then enter the temperature equalization channel.
  • the temperature regulating channel is more environmentally friendly and energy-saving, and the effect of heating or cooling can be achieved by the action of geothermal heat.
  • the exhausting device includes an exhaust gas passage disposed in the temperature regulating passage, the bottom of the culture layer is a hollow floor, the bottom of the hollow floor is a manure tank, and the exhaust gas passage is connected with the upper portion of the manure tank, and is arranged The end of the exhaust passage communicates with the exterior of the building body.
  • An exhaust pump may be arranged in the exhaust gas passage, or an air pump may be arranged at the end or the tail of the exhaust gas passage to exhaust the exhaust gas from the exhaust gas passage, and the exhaust gas of the culture layer in the animal house enters due to the air pressure generated by the air pump.
  • the manure tank it is discharged from the manure tank. The design of this method is ingenious.
  • An exhaust pump is installed in the animal house to extract the exhaust gas, and the exhaust gas in the manure tank will escape, and the smell of the culture layer cannot be cured.
  • the structure the exhaust gas passage is connected with the upper part of the manure tank, and the exhaust gas is discharged from the exhaust gas passage through the manure tank, which can fundamentally solve the problem of the exhaust gas, and the environment in the animal house is improved.
  • the exhaust gas exhausting device is located in the temperature regulating passage. Since the temperature of the exhaust gas is generally higher than the outside air, in the winter, the preheated air in the temperature regulating passage can be used to further heat the regulating air.
  • the exhaust gas passage is a metal exhaust pipe, and a branch pipe connecting the two is provided between the metal exhaust pipe and the upper portion of the manure tank.
  • the metal exhaust pipe has good thermal conductivity and can be raised to adjust the air heating in the temperature regulating channel, thereby facilitating the temperature of the air entering the culture layer in winter.
  • the outlet end of the temperature regulating channel is provided with a temperature regulating room, and a water curtain or a heating sheet is vertically arranged in the temperature regulating room, and a closable ventilation window is arranged between the temperature regulating room and the body of the building, and the adjusting window is adjusted
  • the temperature room is connected to the temperature equalization channel.
  • the temperature control room is set in the thermostat
  • the house at the end of the road further improves the temperature of the air entering the culture layer of the animal house. In summer, the water curtain can be added, and the curtain can be further cooled by the water curtain.
  • the heating piece can be used for further heating;
  • the closed ventilation window is for the purpose of When the temperature equalizing channel is used, the air in the temperature regulating room can all enter the temperature equalizing device; when the temperature equalizing channel is not used, the air in the temperature regulating room enters the aquaculture layer from the ventilation window, and the operation is convenient.
  • the utility model further comprises a pre-tempering room connected to the inlet end of the temperature regulating channel, wherein the pre-conditioning room is provided with an external air inlet, the bottom of the pre-conditioning room is connected with the temperature regulating channel, and the pre-conditioning room is provided with exhaust gas.
  • the pre-conditioned room is pre-regulated.
  • the upper part of the exhaust pipe is connected to the top of the pre-heating room. Due to the high temperature of the exhaust gas, when the exhaust gas is discharged from the exhaust pipe, the pre-heating room is The air from the pre-conditioning room entering the temperature control channel is preheated to increase the temperature of the air; the indoor exhaust passage is convenient for the gas in the house body to be directly discharged from the connection between the building body and the pre-heating room. To the outside, it is isolated from the air entering the temperature control channel to avoid affecting the air quality.
  • the top of the pre-conditioning room is provided with a ventilation building, and the ventilation building is higher than the top of the building body, and the ventilation floor is provided with an outdoor air outlet.
  • the ventilation building is higher than the top of the building body, and the exhaust gas is discharged from the outdoor air outlet, and the ventilation effect is better.
  • the pre-heating room is divided into a phase-separated preheating unit and an exhaust unit, the exhaust gas pipe is disposed in the preheating unit, and the upper end of the exhaust gas pipe is connected to the ventilation building through the preheating unit;
  • This program is an implementation method for pre-conditioning.
  • the partition plate and the slanting plate divide the pre-heating room into two units, the left unit is fresh air entering the temperature control channel unit, and the right unit is the indoor exhaust gas unit.
  • the exhaust gas pipe passes through the partition through the left unit, on the one hand preheating the fresh air of the left unit, and on the other hand, exhausting the exhaust gas from the ventilation building.
  • the lower end of the inclined plate of the right unit is connected with the lower part of the culture layer to ensure that the air inside the house can escape from the insulated roller blind between the building body and the pre-heating room above the lower end of the inclined plate to the ventilation building. Insulation roller blinds provide the ability to ventilate and keep warm, avoiding the loss of heat.
  • the indoor exhaust passage is an indoor exhaust pipe disposed in the pre-heating room, and the lower end of the indoor exhaust pipe and the building body
  • the culture layer is connected, and the upper end of the indoor exhaust pipe passes through the ventilation floor and communicates with the outside.
  • This program is another means of implementation of pre-conditioning.
  • the indoor exhaust passage is also discharged through the indoor exhaust pipe, and the indoor exhaust pipe and the exhaust gas exhaust pipe are located together in the pre-heating room, thereby heating the air in the pre-heating room and pre-heating the air into the temperature regulating passage. .
  • left house body and the right house body having the same structure are included, and the connection between the left house body and the right house body is a temperature control room.
  • the use of a bilaterally symmetrical structure saves space utilization.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a first embodiment of a ventilation and temperature regulation structure of an animal house of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged schematic view of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the ventilation and temperature regulation structure of the animal house of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged schematic view of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the second embodiment of the ventilation and temperature regulation structure of the animal house of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is an enlarged schematic view of Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the fourth embodiment
  • Figure 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the fifth embodiment.
  • left house body 1 right house body 2, temperature control room 3, partition wall 4, hollow floor 5, manure tank 6, temperature control channel 7, pre-conditioning room 8, ventilation building 9, outdoor air outlet 10.
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the ventilation and temperature regulation structure of the animal house of the present invention comprises a temperature regulating device, a left house body 1 and a right house body 2 with a culture layer, a left house body 1, and a right house body. 2
  • the structure is consistent. Only the left house body 1 is described below.
  • the connection between the two is the temperature control room 3, and the temperature control rooms 3 of the two are separated by a partition wall 4.
  • the bottom of the culture layer is a hollow floor 5, and the bottom of the hollow floor 5 is a manure tank 6, and the temperature regulating device includes a temperature regulating channel 7 disposed at the bottom of the left house body 1, and The temperature regulating channel 7 is located 1m ⁇ 2m below the ground, the inlet end of the temperature regulating channel 7 is connected with a pre-conditioning room 8, the outlet end of the temperature regulating channel 7 is a temperature regulating room 3; the top of the pre-conditioning room 8 is provided
  • the ventilation building 9 has a ventilation building 9 higher than the top of the left house body 1.
  • the ventilation building 9 is provided with an outdoor air outlet 10, and the outdoor air outlet 10 is provided with an exhaust fan, and the upper and lower portions of the pre-conditioning room 8 are provided.
  • the interior of the pre-heating room 8 is divided into a phase-divided preheating unit 12 and an exhaust unit 13, and between the preheating unit 12 and the exhaust unit 13.
  • the swash plate 14 is provided, the bottom of the preheating unit 12 is connected with the temperature regulating passage 7, and the partition 15 is arranged between the top of the preheating unit 12 and the ventilation building 9, and the exhaust gas pipe 16 is arranged in the preheating unit 12, and the row is arranged.
  • the upper end of the exhaust pipe 16 passes through the partition 15; an insulating roller blind 17 is disposed between the exhaust unit 13 and the culture layer, and the top of the exhaust unit 13 and the ventilation floor 9 Between insulation shutter 17 is also provided.
  • a water curtain 18 (a heating piece is provided in the winter) is arranged vertically in the temperature regulating room 3, and a closable ventilation window 19 is arranged between the temperature regulating room 3 and the culture layer of the left house body 1.
  • the left house body 1 comprises a temperature equalizing device and an exhausting device, and the temperature equalizing device comprises a temperature equalizing passage 20 running through the aquaculture layer.
  • This embodiment adopts a uniform temperature pipe, and of course, other cement passages, etc., and a uniform temperature channel may also be adopted. 20 side walls with a number of ventilation
  • the hole 21 is connected to the end of the temperature equalizing passage 20;
  • the exhausting device comprises an exhaust gas passage 22 disposed in the temperature regulating passage 7, and an exhaust pump is disposed in the exhaust gas passage, and the embodiment is made of stainless steel.
  • the metal exhaust pipe of course, can also adopt other cement exhaust gas passages 22, but the effect is slightly worse than that of the metal, and the side wall of the metal exhaust pipe and the upper portion of the manure tank 6 are provided.
  • the communicating branch pipe, the end of the exhaust gas passage 22 is in communication with the exhaust gas exhaust pipe 16.
  • the ventilation window 19 is opened, and the external air is taken from the external air inlet 11 at the upper part of the pre-conditioning room 8, preheated through the pre-conditioning room 8, and then enters the temperature regulation channel 7, After the heating of the floor heating, the heated air enters the temperature regulating room 3, and after being heated by the heating piece, enters the aquaculture layer from the ventilating window 19 and the temperature equalizing passage 20, and the house is insulated due to the effect of winter.
  • the metabolism of the animals inside can generate a large amount of heat, so the effect of using the temperature equal channel 20 is not very obvious.
  • the exhaust gas in the left animal house a part of the exhaust gas is pumped through the air pump, and the exhaust gas of the culture layer is pumped through the manure tank 6 into the exhaust gas passage 22, and then enters the ventilation building 9 from the exhaust gas exhaust pipe 16, from The external air outlet of the ventilation building 9 is exhausted.
  • the exhaust gas enters the exhaust gas exhaust pipe 16 since the temperature of the exhaust gas is higher than the outside air temperature, the air heating in the preheating room 8 can be preheated.
  • the other part of the exhaust gas enters the exhaust unit 13 through the thermal insulation curtain 17 between the exhaust unit 13 and the culture layer, and then enters the ventilation floor 9 through the thermal insulation curtain 17 between the exhaust unit 13 and the ventilation building 9, and finally The external air outlet of the ventilation building 9 is discharged.
  • the louver 19 In the summer, the louver 19 is closed, and the external vacant space enters from the external air inlet 11 at the lower portion of the preheating room 8. Since the temperature is lowered during the summer, the temperature of the exhaust pipe 16 heats the outside air. Avoid heating, therefore, the air enters from the lower external air inlet 11 and directly enters the temperature regulating passage 7. After the cooling of the floor heating, the cooled air enters the temperature regulating room 3, and after the water curtain 18 is cooled again, The temperature-increasing passage 20 enters the culture layer. Since the side wall of the temperature-sensing passage 20 is provided with a plurality of vent holes 21, and the temperature-sensing passage 20 penetrates through the culture layer, the air after cooling can be slowly and evenly released to the culture.
  • the effect of uniform temperature can be achieved, and the temperature difference between the two ends of the culture layer is less than 2 ° C.
  • the reason that the air after cooling can only pass through the temperature equalization passage 20 is that due to the cooling effect of the summer, if Discharge from the louver 19 is consistent with the existing direct entry mode, which causes the temperature difference between the two ends to be greater than 3 to 5 °C.
  • the air pump is turned off to prevent the exhaust gas from heating the air in the preheating room 8.
  • the exhaust gas enters the exhaust unit 13 through the thermal insulation curtain 17 between the exhaust unit 13 and the culture layer, and then enters the ventilation building 9 through the thermal insulation curtain 17 between the exhaust unit 13 and the ventilation building 9, and finally from the ventilation building.
  • the external air outlet of 9 is discharged.
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the difference from the first embodiment is that the structure of the pre-warming room 8 is replaced by: the pre-conditioning room 8 is a house disposed at the end of the left house body 1 , The upper and lower portions of the temperature control room 8 are still provided with an external air inlet 11, and the external air inlet 11 is still provided with an air exhaust fan.
  • the top of the preheating room 8 is also provided with a ventilation building 9, and the ventilation building 9 is higher than the left.
  • the outdoor air outlet 10 is also provided on the ventilation building 9, and the outdoor air outlet 10 is provided with an exhaust fan, and the pre-conditioning room 8
  • the exhaust gas pipe 16 and the indoor exhaust pipe 24 are disposed therein, and the upper end of the exhaust gas pipe 16 communicates with the outside through the ventilation building 9, the lower part of the exhaust gas pipe 16 communicates with the exhaust gas passage 22, and the exhaust fan is provided at the communication place;
  • the upper end of the exhaust pipe 24 communicates with the outside through the ventilating floor 9, and the exhausting portion is also provided with an exhaust fan, and the lower end of the indoor exhaust pipe 24 communicates with the cultured layer of the left house body 1.
  • the difference from the first embodiment is that the exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust gas exhaust passage 22 enters the exhaust gas exhaust pipe 16 and is directly discharged to the outside by the exhaust fan, and the other part of the exhaust gas in the room enters the indoor exhaust pipe through the culture layer.
  • the indoor exhaust pipe 24 is directly discharged to the outside.
  • Embodiment 3 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 3
  • the difference from the first embodiment is that there are only left animal houses 1 and no right animal houses.
  • Embodiment 4 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 4:
  • the difference from the first embodiment is that one end of the swash plate 14 is located at the top of the ventilating floor 9, and the other end of the slanting plate 14 is located at the partition wall of the left animal house 1, and the upper end of the exhaust pipe 16 is laterally It passes through the ventilation floor 9 and is located inside the ventilation floor 9.
  • Embodiment 5 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 5:
  • the difference from the first embodiment is that the sloping plate 14 is a vertical plate, and the partition 15 and the swash plate 14 are disposed between the ventilation floor 9 and the pre-heating room 8 and the lower portion of the pre-heating room 8 .
  • the lower end is located at the lower partition 15 of the preheating room 8
  • the upper end of the swash plate 14 is located at the partition 15 between the ventilation floor 9 and the preheating room 8, and the water curtain is provided in the ventilation building 9 for the purpose of
  • the odor of the odor is reduced, and the odor pollution environment which is discharged from the exhaust pipe 16 to the external environment is reduced.
  • the top of the exhaust pipe 16 is located through the partition 15 between the ventilating building 9 and the preheating room 8. Ventilation building 9 inside.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

一种动物房舍的通风调温结构，包括设有养殖层的房舍本体和调温装置，房舍本体内包括有均温装置和抽废气装置，所述的均温装置包括贯穿于养殖层的均温通道（20），均温通道（20）的侧壁设有若干通气孔（21）；调温装置的出口端与均温通道（20）连通。该技术方案是提供一种通风降废、调节温度效果好的动物房舍的通风调温结构。

Description

动物房舍的通风调温结构 技术领域
本发明涉及动物的房舍领域，具体涉及一种动物房舍的通风调温结构。
背景技术
用于养殖的动物房舍是动物的生活场所，间接影响动物的生长和发育。以现有养猪的猪舍而言，现有的猪舍大多数还采取传统的猪舍，以砖墙和屋架称重，地面以水泥地面为主，便于冲洗，但是，此种传统的结构，缺点甚多，例如：排粪冲洗麻烦、浪费资源、冬季保暖性差、夏季闷热、且干燥性差。
为了改善此环境，现有的猪舍多采取镂空式地板，从而方便粪便的排放，且可解决干燥性的问题，且节约资源，少量的水即可解决冲洗。虽然镂空地板解决了动物房舍的部分问题，但是，对于动物房舍的夏季通风降温、冬季保暖的问题仍然无法解决。
本发明人为了解决此问题，在现有的动物房舍的基础之上，已经研发了一种新的动物房舍，是在现有的动物房舍的下方，即地面之下开设通风通道，由于此通风通道建立于地面之下，利用地热冬暖夏凉的特点，可将从外部进入通风通道的空气利用地热的作用升温或者降温，然后再输送进入房舍的内部，从而为房舍降温，此结构虽然可在一定程度上起到夏季降温、冬季保暖的作用，但是，在使用的过程中，发明人发现仍然存在一些问题，主要问题有以下几点：第一、风从通风通道输送至房舍内部时，房舍内的进风口处的温度相较接近通风通道内的温度，但是动物房舍内的动物新陈代谢，产生热量，从而使得越远离进口端的房舍内温度与通风通道内的温度差距越大，经测算，在房舍内的排风口处的温度相较房舍内的进风口处的温度相差3～5℃，温度的均衡性差；第二、动物房舍内的动物产生的粪便，虽然一部分通过下方的粪便通道排出，避免粪便在房舍内部堆积产生的气味问题，但是，在现有集中式养殖的动物房舍内，废气问题仍然是困扰养殖户的一大难题。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种通风降废、调节温度效果好的动物房舍的通风调温结构。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供如下技术方案：动物房舍的通风调温结构，包括设有养殖层的房舍本体和调温装置，房舍本体内包括有均温装置和抽废气装置，所述的均温装置包括贯穿于养殖层的均温通道，均温通道的侧壁设有若干通气孔；调温装置的出口端与均温通道连通。
采用本发明技术方案的动物房舍的通风调温结构，抽废气装置是将动物房舍内的废气抽 出至房舍外部，可以采用抽气泵的方式将房舍内的废气抽出；调温装置用于调节房舍内部的温度，调温装置可为现有的地热调温，也可为用升温加热装置或者降温空调等方式，或者类似装置，只要可达到调节温度即可；均温装置的均温通道穿过养殖层，其作用是经过调温装置调温的空气先进入至均温通道中，起到缓冲作用，调节后的空气在均温通道中暂存；若干通气孔的作用则是将暂存的调节后空气缓慢释放入动物房舍内部。
本发明的有益效果在于：第一、均温装置将经过调温装置调节后的空气从端部至尾部充斥于动物房舍的养殖层内，然后逐渐从通气孔中释放出来，相较于之前的调节后空气从养殖层的端部进入的方式而言，此结构可将调节后的空气从养殖层的端部至尾部均匀分配，从而达到均温的效果；第二、抽废气装置可将动物房舍内的废气排出，从而达到更好的通风降废效果。
进一步，所述的调温装置包括设置于房舍本体底部的调温通道，且调温通道位于地面的下方；调温通道的进口端与外部相通，调温通道的出口端与均温通道的一端连通。调温装置采取本发明人之前发明的设置于地面之下的调温通道方式，外部空气由调温通道的进口端进入，经过地面之下的地热升温或者降温处理，从调温通道的出口端排出，然后进入均温通道内。相比加热片加热或者空调等方式降温而言，调温通道更环保，更节能，利用地热的作用即可达到升温或降温的效果。
进一步，所述的抽废气装置包括设置于调温通道内的排废气通道，所述的养殖层的底部为镂空地板，镂空地板的下方为粪槽，排废气通道与粪槽的上部连通，排废气通道的端部与房舍本体外部连通。排废气通道内可设置抽气泵，也可子在排废气通道的端部或者尾部设置抽气泵，将废气从排废气通道中排出，动物房舍内养殖层的废气由于抽气泵产生的气压，进入粪槽中，再从粪槽中排出，此种方式的设计巧妙，在动物房舍内设置抽气泵将废气抽出，会存在粪槽内的废气上逸，养殖层的气味仍然无法根治，而本结构，排废气通道与粪槽上部连通，废气经过粪槽从废气通道中排出，可以从根本上解决废气的问题，使得动物房舍内的环境得到改善。另外，排废气装置位于调温通道内，由于废气的温度通常高于外界空气，在冬季可起到为调温通道内的预加热空气，从而进一步加热调节空气。
进一步，所述的排废气通道为金属排气管，金属排气管与粪槽的上部之间设有将两者连通的支管。金属废气管的导热性能好，可升高为调温通道内的调节空气加热的作用，从而便于冬季升高进入养殖层的空气温度。
进一步，所述的调温通道的出口端设有调温房，调温房内竖向设有水帘或加热片，调温房与房舍本体之间设有可闭合的通气窗，且调温房与均温通道连通。调温房是设置于调温通 道末端的房舍，进一步改善进入动物房舍的养殖层内的空气温度，夏季可采取加水帘，用水帘的方式进一步降温，冬季可采用加热片，进一步加热；可闭合的通气窗则是为了在使用均温通道时，调温房内的空气可全部进入均温装置中；在不使用均温通道时，调温房内的空气从通气窗进入养殖层内，操作方便。
进一步，还包括有与调温通道的进口端连通的预调温房，预调温房设有外部进风口，预调温房的底部与调温通道连通，预调温房内设有排废气管和室内排气通道；排废气管的下端与排废气通道连通，排废气管的上端与预调温房的顶部连通；室内排气通道的下端与房舍本体的养殖层相通，室内排气通道的上端与预调温房的顶部连通。预调温房则是起到预调温的作用，排废气管的上部与预调温房的顶部连通，由于废气的温度高，当废气从排废气管中排出时，在预调温房对从预调温房进入调温通道的空气进行预加热，从而提高空气的温度；室内排气通道，则是便于房舍本体内的气体直接从房舍本体与预调温房的连接处直接排至室外，与进入调温通道的空气相隔离，避免影响空气质量。
进一步，所述的预调温房的顶部设有通风楼，且通风楼高于房舍本体的顶部，通风楼上设有室外出风口。通风楼高于房舍本体的顶部，废气从室外出风口排出，通风效果更好。
进一步，所述的预调温房分为相分隔的预加热单元和排气单元，排废气管设置于预加热单元内，且排废气管的上端穿过预加热单元与通风楼连通；排气单元与养殖层之间设有保温卷帘，排气单元与通风楼之间也设有保温卷帘。此方案是预调温房的一种实施手段。隔板、斜板将预调温房分为两个单元，左侧单元为新鲜空气进入调温通道单元，右侧单元为室内排废气单元。排废气管经过左侧单元从隔板穿过，一方面为左侧单元的新鲜空气进行预加热，另一方面，排废气管将废气从通风楼排出。右侧单元的斜板下端与养殖层的下部连接，确保房舍内部的空气可从斜板下端上方的房舍本体与预调温房之间的保温卷帘出逸出至通风楼排风，保温卷帘起到能通风且能保温的效果，避免热量的流失。
进一步，所述的排废气管的上端穿过通风楼且与外部连通，所述的室内排气通道为设置于预调温房内的室内排气管，室内排气管的下端与房舍本体的养殖层连通，室内排气管的上端穿过通风楼且与外部连通。此方案是预调温房的另一种实施手段。室内排气通道也通过室内排气管的方式排出，室内排气管与排废气管一同位于预调温房内，从而为预调温房内的空气加热，为进入调温通道的空气预加热。
进一步，包括结构相同的左房舍本体和右房舍本体，且左房舍本体和右房舍本体的连接处为调温房。采用左右对称的结构，节约空间利用率。
附图说明
图1为本发明动物房舍的通风调温结构实施例一的横断面示意图；
图2是图1的放大示意图；
图3是本发明动物房舍的通风调温结构的纵断面示意图；
图4是图3的放大示意图；
图5是本发明动物房舍的通风调温结构实施例二的横断面示意图；
图6是图5的放大示意图；
图7是实施例四的横断面放大示意图；
图8是实施例五的横断面放大示意图。
图中：左房舍本体1、右房舍本体2、调温房3、隔墙4、镂空地板5、粪槽6、调温通道7、预调温房8、通风楼9、室外出风口10、外部进风口11、预加热单元12、排气单元13、斜板14、隔板15、排废气管16、保温卷帘17、水帘18、通气窗19、均温通道20、通气孔21、排废气通道22、室内排气管24。
具体实施方式
实施例一：
如图1所示，本发明的动物房舍的通风调温结构，包括调温装置、设有养殖层的左房舍本体1和右房舍本体2，左房舍本体1、右房舍本体2结构一致，以下仅描述左房舍本体1，两者的连接处为调温房3，两者的调温房3之间采用隔墙4相隔。
如图2、图3和图4所示，养殖层的底部为镂空地板5，镂空地板5的下方为粪槽6，调温装置包括设置于左房舍本体1底部的调温通道7，且调温通道7位于地面的下方1m～2m处，调温通道7的进口端连通有预调温房8，调温通道7的出口端为调温房3；预调温房8的顶部设有通风楼9，且通风楼9高于左房舍本体1的顶部，通风楼9上设有室外出风口10，室外出风口10处均设有排风扇，预调温房8的上部和下部均设有外部进风口11，外部进风口11处均设有抽气扇，预调温房8内部分为相分隔的预加热单元12和排气单元13，预加热单元12与排气单元13之间设有斜板14，预加热单元12的底部与调温通道7连通，预加热单元12的顶部与通风楼9之间设有隔板15，预加热单元12内设有排废气管16，排废气管16的上端穿过隔板15；排气单元13与养殖层之间设有保温卷帘17，排气单元13的顶部与通风楼9之间也设有保温卷帘17。调温房3内竖向设有水帘18(冬天设加热片)，调温房3与左房舍本体1的养殖层之间设有可闭合的通气窗19。
左房舍本体1内包括均温装置和抽废气装置，均温装置包括贯穿于养殖层的均温通道20，此实施例采用均温管道，当然，也可采取其他水泥通道等，均温通道20的侧壁设有若干通气 孔21，调温房3与均温通道20的端部连通；抽废气装置包括设置于调温通道7内的排废气通道22，抽废气通道内设有抽气泵，本实施例采取用不锈钢制成的金属排气管，当然，也可采取其他水泥排废气通道22，但是，效果相较金属而言稍差，金属排气管的侧壁与粪槽6的上部之间设有将两者连通的支管，排废气通道22的端部与排废气管16连通。
在具体实施过程中，冬季时，打开通气窗19，外部的空外从预调温房8上部的外部进风口11处进入，经过预调温房8预加热，再进入调温通道7内，经过地暖的加热作用，加热后的空气进入调温房3内，经过加热片的再次加热，从通气窗19处和均温通道20中进入养殖层内，由于冬季的作用的保温，而房舍内的动物新陈代谢可产生大量的热量，因此，使用均温通道20的效果不是很明显。对于左动物房舍内的废气排出，一部分废气通过抽气泵抽气，将养殖层的废气经过粪槽6抽至排废气通道22内，然后再从排废气管16中进入通风楼9中，从通风楼9的外部出风口处排出，在废气进入排废气管16中时，由于废气的温度高于外界的空气温度，因此，可对预调温房8内的空气加热进行预加热。另一部分废气则经过排气单元13与养殖层之间的保温卷帘17进入排气单元13内，再经过排气单元13与通风楼9之间的保温卷帘17进入通风楼9，最终从通风楼9的外部出风口排出。
夏季时，则关闭通气窗19，外部的空外从预调温房8下部的外部进风口11处进入，由于夏季的目的时降温，而排废气管16的温度会对外界的空气加热，为了避免加热，因此，空气从下部的外部进风口11处进入，直接进入调温通道7内，经过地暖的降温作用，降温后的空气进入调温房3内，经过水帘18的再次降温，从均温通道20中进入养殖层内，由于均温通道20的侧壁设有多个通气孔21，且均温通道20贯穿于养殖层内，因此，可将降温后的空气缓慢均衡释放至养殖层内，据测算，可达到均温的效果，养殖层两端的温度差小于2℃，降温后的空气只能从均温通道20中通过的原因在于，由于夏季的作用的降温，若也可从通气窗19排出，那么与现有的直接进入的方式是一致的，会造成两端的温差大于3～5℃。对于左动物房舍1内的废气排出，关闭抽气泵抽气，从而避免废气对预调温房8内的空气加热。废气则经过排气单元13与养殖层之间的保温卷帘17进入排气单元13内，再经过排气单元13与通风楼9之间的保温卷帘17进入通风楼9，最终从通风楼9的外部出风口排出。
实施例二：
如图5、图6所示，与实施例一的区别点在于：预调温房8的结构，替换为：预调温房8即为设置于左房舍本体1端部的房舍，预调温房8的上部、下部仍设有外部进风口11，且外部进风口11处仍设有抽气扇，预调温房8的顶部也设有通风楼9，且通风楼9高于左房舍本体1的顶部，通风楼9上也设有室外出风口10，室外出风口10处均设有排风扇，预调温房8 内设有排废气管16和室内排气管24，排废气管16的上端穿过通风楼9与外部连通，排废气管16的下部与排废气通道22连通，且连通处设有排风扇；室内排气管24的上端穿过通风楼9与外部连通，且连通处也设有排风扇，室内排气管24的下端则与左房舍本体1的养殖层连通。
在具体实施的过程中，与实施例一的差别在于：从排废气通道22排出的废气进入排废气管16中直接由排风扇排至外部，室内的废气另一部分是通过养殖层进入室内排气管中，由室内排气管24直接排至外部。
实施例三：
与实施例一的区别在于：仅有左动物房舍1，无右动物房舍。
实施例四:
如图7所示，与实施例一的区别点在于：斜板14一端位于通风楼9的顶部,斜板14的另一端位于左动物房舍1的隔墙上,排废气管16的上端横向穿过通风楼9,且位于通风楼9的内侧。
实施例五:
如图8所示，与实施例一的区别在于：斜板14为竖板，通风楼9与预调温房8之间、预调温房8的下部均设有隔板15，斜板14的下端位于预调温房8的下部隔板15处，斜板14的上端位于通风楼9与预调温房8之间的隔板15处，通风楼9内设有水帘，目的是为了降低臭气的危害，降低从排废气管16途径通风楼9排入外界环境的臭气污染环境，排废气管16的顶端穿过通风楼9与预调温房8之间的隔板15位于通风楼9内。
对于本领域的技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明结构的前提下，还可以作出若干变形和改进，这些也应该视为本发明的保护范围，这些都不会影响本发明实施的效果和专利的实用性。

Claims (10)

  1. 动物房舍的通风调温结构，包括设有养殖层的房舍本体和调温装置，其特征在于，房舍本体内包括有均温装置和抽废气装置，所述的均温装置包括贯穿于养殖层的均温通道，均温通道的侧壁设有若干通气孔；调温装置的出口端与均温通道连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的动物房舍的通风调温结构，其特征在于：所述的调温装置包括设置于房舍本体底部的调温通道，且调温通道位于地面的下方；调温通道的进口端与外部相通，调温通道的出口端与均温通道的一端连通。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的动物房舍的通风调温结构，其特征在于：所述的抽废气装置包括设置于调温通道内的排废气通道，所述的养殖层的底部为镂空地板，镂空地板的下方为粪槽，排废气通道与粪槽的上部连通，排废气通道的端部与房舍本体外部连通。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的动物房舍的通风调温结构，其特征在于：所述的排废气通道为金属排气管，金属排气管与粪槽的上部之间设有将两者连通的支管。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的动物房舍的通风调温结构，其特征在于：所述的调温通道的出口端设有调温房，调温房内竖向设有水帘或加热片，调温房与房舍本体之间设有可闭合的通气窗，且调温房与均温通道连通。
  6. 根据权利要求1～5中任意一项所述的动物房舍的通风调温结构，其特征在于：还包括有与调温通道的进口端连通的预调温房，预调温房设有外部进风口，预调温房的底部与调温通道连通，预调温房内设有排废气管和室内排气通道；排废气管的下端与排废气通道连通，排废气管的上端与预调温房的顶部连通；室内排气通道的下端与房舍本体的养殖层相通，室内排气通道的上端与预调温房的顶部连通。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的动物房舍的通风调温结构，其特征在于：所述的预调温房的顶部设有通风楼，且通风楼高于房舍本体的顶部，通风楼上设有室外出风口。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的动物房舍的通风调温结构，其特征在于：所述的预调温房分为相分隔的预加热单元和排气单元，排废气管设置于预加热单元内，且排废气管的上端穿过预加热单元与通风楼连通；排气单元与养殖层之间设有保温卷帘，排气单元与通风楼之间也设有保温卷帘。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的动物房舍的通风调温结构，其特征在于：所述的排废气管的上端穿过通风楼且与外部连通，所述的室内排气通道为设置于预调温房内的室内排气管，室内排气管的下端与房舍本体的养殖层连通，室内排气管的上端穿过通风楼且与外部连通。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的动物房舍的通风调温结构，其特征在于：包括结构相同的 左房舍本体和右房舍本体，且左房舍本体和右房舍本体的连接处为调温房。
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