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WO2018166523A1 - 一种深水基础和施工装置及其施工法 - Google Patents

一种深水基础和施工装置及其施工法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018166523A1
WO2018166523A1 PCT/CN2018/079257 CN2018079257W WO2018166523A1 WO 2018166523 A1 WO2018166523 A1 WO 2018166523A1 CN 2018079257 W CN2018079257 W CN 2018079257W WO 2018166523 A1 WO2018166523 A1 WO 2018166523A1
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Prior art keywords
foundation
chain
construction
base
rock
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PCT/CN2018/079257
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王燏斌
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/52—Submerged foundations, i.e. submerged in open water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/52—Submerged foundations, i.e. submerged in open water
    • E02D27/525—Submerged foundations, i.e. submerged in open water using elements penetrating the underwater ground
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E02D7/28—Placing of hollow pipes or mould pipes by means arranged inside the piles or pipes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a deep water foundation and a construction device and a construction method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of civil engineering foundation construction.
  • the existing foundation technology of the sinking well is based on excavation in the well and relies on its own gravity to overcome the frictional resistance of the well wall and sink to the design elevation to seal the bottom.
  • the main defects are: long construction period, high cost, difficult to correct, and encountered well When an obstacle such as a bottom stone is used, the blade foot is difficult to overcome and is prone to suddenness and is prone to accidents.
  • the existing caisson foundation technology needs to input compressed air to provide working conditions and push the water in the working chamber out of the room; its main defects are: complicated equipment, limited working time, low efficiency, high cost, difficult sealing, limited depth, and high pressure Under the conditions, it is prone to occupational diseases.
  • the invention provides a deep water foundation and construction device and a construction method thereof, the purpose of which is to overcome the defects of the prior art, and the main advantages thereof are:
  • the foundation is composed of an upper foundation and a lower foundation; 1) the upper foundation utilizes self weight and negative Pressed into the rock and soil, the construction is simple; 2)
  • the lower foundation is constructed in the cofferdam formed by the upper foundation, and the lower foundation itself has a combination device for excavating the bottom of the foundation rock, the factory section or the whole prefabricated foundation, the construction is simple, the construction period is short ,low cost.
  • the deep water foundation comprises an upper foundation 1 and a lower foundation 2,
  • the construction device comprises a construction device 3 of the upper foundation 1 and a construction device 4 of the lower foundation 2;
  • the upper foundation 1 is hollow, and the foundation is provided with a foundation 2 or the guiding device of the device 4, the bottom of the upper foundation 1 is cut into the rock by the construction device 3 by its own weight or negative pressure;
  • the construction device 4 includes a fixed guiding device 4-1 provided in the inner cavity of the upper foundation 1, and a chain cutter power transmission device 4-2 , spoil disposal device 4-3 and frame 4-4, device 4-2 and device 4-3 are all mounted on the frame 4-4, the device 4-2 and the base 2 and the chain knife 5 constitute a chain excavation device 6.
  • the foundation 2 is a frame of the chain excavating device 6, the chain cutter 5 only excavates the rock at the bottom of the foundation 2, and the chain cutter 5 is composed of a chain 5-1 and a cutter 5-2 for excavating the rock and soil fixed on the chain 5-1.
  • the device 4-1 guides the foundation 2 and/or the frame 4-4 to make the foundation 2 into a vertical state; during construction, the frame 4-4 and the foundation 2
  • the top is connected in one piece
  • the device 4-2 drives the chain cutter 5 to run along the track on the foundation 2, the chain cutter 5 excavates the rock at the bottom of the foundation 2, and brings the excavated geotechnical to the upper
  • the device 4-3 will chain
  • the rock 5 from the bottom of the base 1 is separated from the chain cutter 5, and the frame 4-4 is simultaneously lowered with the foundation 2, and when the foundation 2 reaches the set depth, the construction device 3 and the chain cutter 5 are removed, and the grouting is performed.
  • the foundation 1 and the foundation 2 are solidly integrated into a deep water foundation.
  • the invention has the advantages that the foundation is composed of an upper foundation and a lower foundation, the upper foundation is cut into the rock soil by its own weight and negative pressure, the lower foundation is constructed in the cofferdam formed by the upper foundation, and the lower foundation itself has a combination device for excavating the bottom rock of the foundation. , factory segmentation or overall prefabrication foundation, simple construction, short construction period and low cost.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a construction state of a deep water foundation composed of an upper foundation 1 and a lower foundation 2, and is also a schematic structural view of the construction device 3 and the construction device 4;
  • Figure 2 is a view in the direction of arrow A of Figure 1, and is also a schematic structural view of a construction vessel 3-2 composed of a hull 3-2-1 and a lifting device 3-2-2, and the lifting device 3-2-2 is a row frame structure. a moving walking track on the planes x and y;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the pumping unit 3-1 and the construction vessel 3-2 which constitute the construction apparatus 3, and the top of the foundation 1A is higher than the water surface, and the hull 3-2- 1 Schematic diagram of the construction work platform that forms the deep water foundation together;
  • FIG. 4 is a partial enlarged view of FIG. 1 , and is a schematic structural view of the lower base 2 being a mouth base 2A, and is also a fixed guiding device 4-1 constituting the construction device 4, a chain cutter power transmission device 4-2, and a spoil disposal device. 4-3 and the structure of the frame 4-4;
  • Figure 5 is a view in the direction of arrow A of Figure 4, which is also the chain cutter driving device 4-2-1, the chain knife tensioning device 4-2-2 and the sprocket 4-2-3 constituting the chain cutter power transmission device 4-2.
  • the structural schematic diagram is also a structural schematic diagram of a chain excavating device 6 which is provided with only the bottom bottom of each of the foundations;
  • Figure 6 is a BB view of Figure 4, which is also a cross-sectional view of the frame 4-4 of the construction device 4, and is also a structural schematic view of the mud line 7-1 of the mud line device 7 on the frame 4-4, and is also a word
  • the basic structure of the base 2A is composed of four one-word bases, and is also a structural schematic diagram of a chain conveyor composed of a side cover 8 and a chain cutter 5 of the foundation 2A with a bottom edge angle;
  • Figure 7 is a C-C view of Figure 4, and is also a schematic structural view of the mud nozzle 7-2 of the mud pipeline device 7 at the bottom of the foundation 2;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural view of the chain cutter 5, which is also a structural diagram of the chain 5-1 and the cutter 5-2, and is also a chain 5- consisting of A 10-byte 5-1-1 and B-decimal 5-1-2.
  • a schematic diagram of the ten-byte structure of 1 is also a schematic diagram of the structure in which the chain 5-1 realizes space bending;
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the structure of a deep water foundation as a bridge foundation
  • Figure 10 is a view in the direction of arrow A of Figure 9, and is also a structural schematic diagram of a bridge foundation composed of four foundations 1A and four foundations 2A, and is also a construction platform for the deep water foundation at the top of the bridge foundation, with a lifting device at the top 3 - Schematic diagram of 2-2;
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the structure of floating the prefabricated base 1A to a set position
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view of the bottom water injection of the foundation 1A, so that the foundation 1A is erected; and the bottom of the foundation 1A is embedded in the rock under the action of the self-weight of the foundation 1A, and the bottom of the foundation 1A forms a closed cavity structure;
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view showing the structure of the apparatus 1 - 3 pumping the water in the bottom of the base 1A to form a negative pressure, and the foundation 1A is lowered to a set depth under the action of the self-weight and the negative pressure;
  • Figure 14 is a schematic view showing the structure of the device 1 - 4 in the base 1A cavity by extracting the water in the cavity of the base 1A, removing the device 3-1;
  • Figure 15 is a schematic view showing the structure of the first section (i.e., the bottom section) of the base 2A-1 loading device 4-1, the chain cutter 5, the mud line 7-1, and the mounting device 4-2;
  • 16 is a schematic structural view of the rack 4-4 being synchronously lowered to a set depth along with the first segment base 2A-1;
  • Figure 17 is a schematic view showing the structure after the device 4 is separated from the first segment base 2A-1 and removed;
  • Figure 18 is a schematic view showing the structure of the second stage 2A-2 loading device 4-1, the chain cutter 5, the mud line 7-1 and the mounting device 4-2;
  • Figure 19 is a frame 4-4, the first segment base 2A-1 and the second segment base 2A-2 are simultaneously descended to a set depth;
  • Figure 20 is a schematic view showing the structure of the device 4 separated from the second segment base 2A-2 and removed;
  • Figure 21 is a schematic view showing the structure of the deep water foundation after the removal device 4 withdraws the chain cutter 5 after repeated construction.
  • 1 in the figure is the upper foundation; 1A is the upper foundation is the cylindrical foundation; 2 is the lower foundation; 2A is the lower foundation for the word foundation; 2A-1 is the first segment foundation of the foundation 2A; 2A-2 is the foundation 2A
  • the deep water foundation comprises an upper foundation 1 and a lower foundation 2, the construction device comprising a construction device 3 of the upper foundation 1 and a construction device 4 of the lower foundation 2; the upper foundation 1 is hollow, and the guiding device of the foundation 2 or the device 4 is provided in the cavity
  • the bottom of the upper foundation 1 is cut into the rock by the construction device 3 by its own weight or negative pressure; when the foundation 1 reaches the set depth, the water in the foundation 1 cavity is discharged, and the lower foundation 2 is placed in the upper foundation 1 In the cavity, the bottom of the lower foundation 2 is constructed with a chain cutter 5;
  • the construction device 4 includes a fixed guiding device 4-1 disposed in the inner cavity of the upper foundation 1, a chain cutter power transmission device 4-2, and a spoil disposal device 4- 3 and the frame 4-4, the device 4-2 and the device 4-3 are both mounted on the frame 4-4, the device 4-2 and the base 2 and the chain knife 5 constitute a chain excavating device 6, and the base 2 is chained
  • the chain cutter 5 only
  • the construction device 3 includes a pumping device 3-1 and a construction vessel 3-2.
  • the device 3-1 is integrated with the foundation 1 to generate a negative pressure at the bottom of the foundation 1.
  • the device 4-2 is composed of a chain knife driving device 4-2-1, a chain knife tensioning device 4-2-2 and a sprocket 4-2-3.
  • the foundation 1 described is a cylindrical foundation 1A.
  • the base 2 is a word base 2A, and the word base 2A is composed of four one-word bases, each of which is provided with a chain excavating device 6 for excavating only the respective bottom rock, that is, a rack of the device 4. There are four devices 4-2 on the 4-4.
  • the deep water foundation is the bridge foundation, and the bridge foundation includes several foundations 1A and several foundations 2A.
  • the frame 4-4 and the base 2 in the apparatus 4 further include a mud line device 7 connected to the mud nozzle 7-2 at the bottom of the base 2.
  • the top of the foundation 1 is above the water surface.
  • the top of the foundation 1 is a deep water-based construction work platform, and a lifting device is arranged above.
  • the frame 4-4 is synchronously lowered to the set depth along with the first segment base 2-1;
  • the removing device 4 draws the chain cutter 5 and then injects the concrete to complete the construction of the deep water foundation.
  • the deep water foundation includes an upper foundation 1A and a lower foundation 2A
  • the construction device includes a construction device 3 of the upper foundation 1A and a construction device 4 of the lower foundation 2A;
  • the upper foundation 1A is hollow, and the cavity is provided therein.
  • the lower foundation 2 is placed in the cavity of the upper foundation 1, and the bottom of the lower foundation 2 is constructed with a chain cutter 5;
  • the construction device 3 includes a pumping device 3-1 and a construction vessel 3-2, and the device 3-1 is connected to the foundation 1 Integral, the bottom of the foundation 1 generates negative pressure, 3-2 is the construction vessel, including the hull 3-2-1 and the lifting device 3-2-2, and the lifting device 3-2-2 is a row structure, which can be The x and y directions move.
  • the top of the foundation 1A is higher than the water surface.
  • the top of the foundation 1A and the hull 3-2-1 form a deep water foundation construction work platform, and the lifting device 3-2-2 is arranged above.
  • the construction device 4 includes a fixed guide 4-1, a chain cutter power transmission device 4-2, a spoil treatment device 4-3, and a frame 4-4 provided in the inner cavity of the upper base 1A.
  • the device 4-2 and the device 4-3 are both mounted on the frame 4-4, the device 4-2 and the base 2 and the chain knife 5 constitute a chain excavating device 6, and the foundation 2 is a frame of the chain excavating device 6,
  • the chain cutter 5 only excavates the rock at the bottom of the foundation 2, and the chain cutter 5 is composed of a chain 5-1 and a cutter 5-2 fixed to the rock shovel on the chain 5-1;
  • the device 4-1 is for the base 2 and/or the frame 4-4 guides to make the foundation 2A into a vertical state; during construction, the frame 4-4 is integrated with the top of the foundation 2, and the device 4-2 drives the chain cutter 5 to run along the track on the foundation 2, the chain cutter 5 Excavate the rock at the bottom of the foundation 2A and bring the excavated rock to the top.
  • the device 4-3 separates the rock from the bottom of the base 2A with the chain cutter 5, and the frame 4-4 follows
  • the foundation 2A is simultaneously lowered synchronously.
  • the construction device 3 and the chain cutter 5 are removed, and the foundation 1A and the base 2A are solidly joined to form a deep water foundation.
  • the deep water foundation is the bridge foundation, and the bridge foundation includes several foundations 1A and several foundations 2A.
  • the construction method is divided into the following steps:
  • the bottom of the foundation 1A is embedded in the rock soil, and the bottom of the foundation 1A forms a closed cavity;
  • device 4-2 drives the chain cutter 5 to run along the track on the foundation 2A-1, and the chain cutter 5 excavates the rock at the bottom of the first segment of the base 2A-1, and the excavated rock and soil Bringing to the upper, the device 4-3 separates the rock from the bottom of the base 2A-1 with the chain cutter 5;
  • the frame 4-4 is synchronously lowered to the set depth along with the first segment base 2A-1;
  • the removing device 4 draws the chain cutter 5 and then injects the concrete to complete the construction of the deep water foundation.

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Abstract

一种深水基础和施工装置，深水基础包括上部基础(1)和下部基础(2)，上部基础(1)是中空的，空腔内设有下部基础(2)或下部基础施工装置(4)的导向装置，上部基础(1)的底部是通过上部基础施工装置(3)利用自重或负压切入岩土的；下部基础(2)的底部施工时带有链刀(5)，下部基础施工装置(4)包括设在上部基础(1)内腔的固定导向装置(4-1)、链刀动力传动装置(4-2)、弃土处理装置(4-3)和机架(4-4)。还公开了一种深水基础施工装置的施工方法。

Description

一种深水基础和施工装置及其施工法 技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种深水基础和施工装置及其施工法，属于土木工程基础施工技术领域。
背景技术
现有沉井基础技术，它是以井内挖土，依靠自身重力克服井壁摩擦阻力下沉到设计标高后进行封底而成的基础；其主要缺陷：施工周期长造价高，纠偏难，遇井底孤石等障碍物时，刃脚难于克服易出现突沉，易出事故等。
现有沉箱基础技术需要输入压缩空气来提供工作条件，把工作室内的水压出室外；其主要缺陷：设备复杂，作业时间受限，工效低费用大，封底困难，深度受到限制，工人在高压条件下易患职业病。
发明内容
本发明提出的是一种深水基础和施工装置及其施工法，其目的旨在克服现有技术存在的缺陷，其主要优点：基础由上部基础和下部基础组成；1)上部基础利用自重和负压切入岩土，施工简单；2)下部基础在上部基础形成的围堰内施工，下部基础自身带有挖掘基础底部岩土的组合装置，工厂分段或整体预制基础，施工简单，施工周期短，成本低。
本发明的技术解决方案，深水基础包括上部基础1和下部基础2，施工装置包括上部基础1的施工装置3和下部基础2的施工装置4；上部基础1是中空的，空腔内设有基础2或装置4的导向装置，上部基础1的底部是通过施工装置3利用自重或负压切入岩土的；当基础1达到设定的深度后，排出基础1空腔中的水，将下部基础2放入上部基础1的腔内，下部基础2的底部施工时带有链刀5；施工装置4包括设在上部基础1内腔的固定导向装置4-1、链刀动力传动装置4-2、弃土处理装置4-3和机架4-4，装置4-2和装置4-3均安装在机架4-4上，装置4-2和基础2及链刀5组成链式挖掘装置6，基础2是链式挖掘装置6的机架，链刀5仅挖掘基础2底部的岩土，链刀5由链条5-1和固定于链条5-1上挖掘岩土的刀具5-2组成；装置4-1对基础2和/或机架4-4进行导向，使基础2成铅直状态；施工时，机架4-4与基础2的顶部连接成一体，装置4-2驱动链刀5沿着基础2上的轨道运行，链刀5挖掘基础2底部的岩土，并将已挖掘的岩土 带至上方，装置4-3将链刀5从基础1底部带上来的岩土与链刀5分离，机架4-4随着基础2一起同步下降，当基础2达到设定的深度，拆除施工装置3和链刀5，灌浆并使基础1和基础2固连一体成深水基础。
本发明的优点：基础由上部基础和下部基础组成，上部基础利用自重和负压切入岩土，下部基础在上部基础形成的围堰内施工，下部基础自身带有挖掘基础底部岩土的组合装置，工厂分段或整体预制基础，施工简单，施工周期短，成本低。
附图说明
图1是由上部基础1和下部基础2组成的深水基础的施工状态示意图，也是施工装置3和施工装置4的结构示意图；
图2是图1的A向视图，也是由船体3-2-1和起重装置3-2-2组成的施工船3-2的结构示意图，起重装置3-2-2是行架结构，在平面x和y设有移动的行走轨道；
图3是上部基础1为筒形基础1A,也是组成施工装置3的抽水装置3-1和施工船3-2的结构示意图，也是基础1A的顶部是高于水面，且与船体3-2-1一起构成深水基础的施工作业平台的结构示意图；
图4是图1的Ⅰ局部放大视图，也是下部基础2为口字基础2A的结构示意图，也是组成施工装置4的固定导向装置4-1、链刀动力传动装置4-2、弃土处理装置4-3和机架4-4的结构示意图；
图5是图4的A向视图，也是组成链刀动力传动装置4-2的链刀驱动装置4-2-1、链刀张紧装置4-2-2和链轮4-2-3的结构示意图，也是每个一字基础均设有仅挖掘各自底部岩土的链式挖掘装置6的结构示意图；
图6是图4的B-B视图，也是施工装置4的机架4-4的截面视图，也是泥浆管路装置7在机架4-4上的泥浆管路7-1的结构示意图，也是口字基础2A由四个一字基础组成的结构示意图，也是底部带刃角的基础2A的侧面罩8与链刀5组成的链式输送机的结构示意图；
图7是图4的C-C视图，也是泥浆管路装置7在基础2底部的泥浆喷嘴7-2的结构示意图；
图8是链刀5的结构示意图，也是链条5-1和刀具5-2的结构示意图，也是 由A十字节5-1-1和B十字节5-1-2组成的链条5-1的十字节的结构示意图，也是链条5-1实现空间弯曲的结构示意图；
图9是深水基础为桥梁基础的结构示意图；
图10是图9的A向视图，也是由四个基础1A和四个基础2A组成的桥梁基础的结构示意图,也是桥梁基础的顶部是深水基础的施工作业平台，上方设有起重装置3-2-2的结构示意图；
图11是将预制的基础1A水平浮运至设定位置的结构示意图；
图12是础1A的底部注水，使基础1A竖起的结构示意图；也是利用装置3在基础1A自重的作用下，使基础1A的底部嵌入岩土，基础1A的底部形成封闭腔体结构示意图；
图13是装置3-1抽基础1A底部封闭腔体内的水，使之形成负压，基础1A在自重和负压的作用下，基础1A下降至设定深度的结构示意图；
图14是抽出基础1A腔体内的水，拆除装置3-1，在基础1A腔内安装装置4-1的结构示意图；
图15是第一段(即底段)基础2A-1装入装置4-1内，安装链刀5、接通泥浆管路7-1和安装装置4-2的结构示意图；
图16是机架4-4随着第一段基础2A-1一起同步下降至设定深度的结构示意图；
图17是将装置4与第一段基础2A-1分离并移走后的结构示意图；
图18是第二段基础2A-2装入装置4-1内,安装链刀5、接通泥浆管路7-1和安装装置4-2的结构示意图；
图19是机架4-4、第一段基础2A-1和第二段基础2A-2一起同步下降至设定深度；
图20是装置4与第二段基础2A-2分离并移走后的结构示意图；
图21是重复施工后，拆除装置4抽出链刀5后完成深水基础的结构示意图。
图中的1是上部基础；1A是上部基础为筒形基础；2是下部基础；2A是下部基础为口字基础；2A-1是基础2A的第一段基础；2A-2是基础2A的第二段基础；3是上部基础1的施工装置，包括抽水装置3-1和施工船3-2；3-1是抽水装置；3-2是施工船,包括船体3-2-1和起重装置3-2-2；4是下部基础2的施工装 置，包括设在上部基础1内腔的固定导向装置4-1、链刀动力传动装置4-2、弃土处理装置4-3和机架4-4；4-1是施工装置4的固定导向装置；4-2是施工装置4的链刀动力传动装置，由链刀驱动装置4-2-1、链刀张紧装置4-2-2和链轮4-2-3组成；4-2-1是链刀驱动装置；4-2-2是链刀张紧装置；4-2-3是链轮；4-3是施工装置4的弃土处理装置；4-4是施工装置4的机架；5是挖掘岩土的链刀，由链条5-1和固定于链条5-1上的刀具5-2组成；5-1是组成链刀5的链条；5-1-1是组成链条十字节的A十字节；5-1-2是组成链条十字节的B十字节；5-2是组成链刀5的刀具；6是链式挖掘装置，由装置4-2-1和基础2A及链刀5组成；7是泥浆管路装置，包括泥浆管路7-1与基础2底部的泥浆喷嘴7-2；7-1是泥浆管路装置7的泥浆管路；7-2是泥浆管路装置7在基础2底部的泥浆喷嘴；8是底部带刃角的基础1的侧面罩。
具体实施方式
深水基础包括上部基础1和下部基础2，施工装置包括上部基础1的施工装置3和下部基础2的施工装置4；上部基础1是中空的，空腔内设有基础2或装置4的导向装置，上部基础1的底部是通过施工装置3利用自重或负压切入岩土的；当基础1达到设定的深度后，排出基础1空腔中的水，将下部基础2放入上部基础1的腔内，下部基础2的底部施工时带有链刀5；施工装置4包括设在上部基础1内腔的固定导向装置4-1、链刀动力传动装置4-2、弃土处理装置4-3和机架4-4，装置4-2和装置4-3均安装在机架4-4上，装置4-2和基础2及链刀5组成链式挖掘装置6，基础2是链式挖掘装置6的机架，链刀5仅挖掘基础2底部的岩土，链刀5由链条5-1和固定于链条5-1上挖掘岩土的刀具5-2组成；装置4-1对基础2和/或机架4-4进行导向，使基础2成铅直状态；施工时，机架4-4与基础2的顶部连接成一体，装置4-2驱动链刀5沿着基础2上的轨道运行，链刀5挖掘基础2底部的岩土，并将已挖掘的岩土带至上方，装置4-3将链刀5从基础1底部带上来的岩土与链刀5分离，机架4-4随着基础2一起同步下降，当基础2达到设定的深度，拆除施工装置3和链刀5，灌浆并使基础1和基础2固连一体成深水基础。
所述的施工装置3包括抽水装置3-1和施工船3-2，装置3-1与基础1连接成一体，使基础1的底部产生负压。
所述的装置4-2由链刀驱动装置4-2-1、链刀张紧装置4-2-2和链轮4-2-3组成。
所述的基础1是筒形基础1A。
所述的基础2是口字基础2A，口字基础2A由四个一字基础组成，每个一字基础均设有仅挖掘各自底部岩土的链式挖掘装置6，即装置4的机架4-4上设有四个装置4-2。
所述的深水基础是桥梁基础，桥梁基础包括若干个基础1A和若干个基础2A。
所述的装置4中的机架4-4和基础2中还包括泥浆管路装置7，泥浆管路7-1与基础2底部的泥浆喷嘴7-2相连。
所述的基础1的顶部是高于水面的。
所述的基础1的顶部是深水基础的施工作业平台，上方设有起重装置。
所述的施工法分如下歩骤：
1)在工厂预制基础1，分段或整体预制基础2；
2)将基础1水平浮运至设定位置；
3)在基础1的底部注水，使基础1竖起；
4)利用装置3在自重的作用下，使基础1的底部嵌入岩土，基础1的底部形成封闭腔体；
5)启动装置3-1，抽基础1底部封闭腔体内的水，使之形成负压；
6)在基础1自重和负压的作用下，基础1下降至设定深度；
7)抽出基础1腔体内的水，拆除装置3-1，在基础1腔内安装装置4-1；
8)将基础2的第一段即底段基础2-1运至现场，装入装置4-1内，安装链刀5和泥浆管路7-1；
9)将装置4中的机架4-4的底部与第一段基础2-1的顶部相连，将装置4底部的链刀5与第一段基础2-1顶部的链刀5相连组成链式挖掘装置6，将装置4底部的泥浆管路7-1与第一段基础2-1顶部的泥浆管路7-1相连；
10)启动装置4-2，装置4-2带动链刀5沿着基础2-1上的轨道运行，链刀5挖掘第一段基础2-1底部的岩土，并将已挖掘的岩土带至上方，装置4-3将链刀5从基础2-1底部带上来的岩土与链刀5分离；
11)机架4-4随着第一段基础2-1一起同步下降至设定深度；
12)将装置4与第一段基础2-1分离并移走；
13)将第二段基础2-2装入装置4-1内；
14)将第二段基础2-2的底部与第一段基础2-1的顶部相连，将第二段基础2-2底部的链刀5与第一段基础2-1顶部的链刀5相连，将第二段基础2-2底部的泥浆管路7-1与第一段基础2-1顶部的泥浆管路7-1相连；
15)将装置4中的机架4-4的底部与第二段基础2-2的顶部相连，将装置4底部的链刀5与第二段基础2-2顶部的链刀5相连，组成链式挖掘装置6，将装置4底部的泥浆管路7-1与第二段基础2-2顶部的泥浆管路7-1相连；
16)启动装置4-2，装置4-2带动链刀5沿着基础2上的轨道运行，链刀5挖掘第一段基础2-1底部的岩土，并将已挖掘的岩土带至上方，装置4-3将链刀5从基础2底部带上来的岩土与链刀5分离；
17)机架4-4、第一段基础2-1和第二段基础2-2一起同步下降至设定深度；
18)将装置4与第二段基础2-2分离并移走；
重复上述13、14、15、16、17、18完成基础2各段的连接和下降到设定的深度后，拆除装置4抽出链刀5后灌注混凝土，完成深水基础的施工。
下面结合附图进一步描述本发明的技术方案：
如图1～图3所示，深水基础包括上部基础1A和下部基础2A，施工装置包括上部基础1A的施工装置3和下部基础2A的施工装置4；上部基础1A是中空的，空腔内设有基础2或装置4的导向装置，上部基础1A的底部是通过施工装置3利用自重或负压切入岩土的；当基础1达到设定的深度后，排出基础1空腔中的水，将下部基础2放入上部基础1的腔内，下部基础2的底部施工时带有链刀5；施工装置3包括抽水装置3-1和施工船3-2，装置3-1与基础1连接成一体，使基础1的底部产生负压,3-2是施工船,包括船体3-2-1和起重装置3-2-2,起重装置3-2-2是行架结构，可以在x和y方向移动,基础1A的顶部是高于水面的,基础1A的顶部与船体3-2-1构成深水基础的施工作业平台，上方设有起重装置3-2-2。
如图4～图8所示，施工装置4包括设在上部基础1A内腔的固定导向装置4-1、链刀动力传动装置4-2、弃土处理装置4-3和机架4-4，装置4-2和装置 4-3均安装在机架4-4上，装置4-2和基础2及链刀5组成链式挖掘装置6，基础2是链式挖掘装置6的机架，链刀5仅挖掘基础2底部的岩土，链刀5由链条5-1和固定于链条5-1上挖掘岩土的刀具5-2组成；装置4-1对基础2和/或机架4-4进行导向，使基础2A成铅直状态；施工时，机架4-4与基础2的顶部连接成一体，装置4-2驱动链刀5沿着基础2上的轨道运行，链刀5挖掘基础2A底部的岩土，并将已挖掘的岩土带至上方，装置4-3将链刀5从基础2A底部带上来的岩土与链刀5分离，机架4-4随着基础2A一起同步下降，当基础2A达到设定的深度，拆除施工装置3和链刀5，灌浆并使基础1A和基础2A固连一体成深水基础。
如图9～图10所示，深水基础是桥梁基础，桥梁基础包括若干个基础1A和若干个基础2A。
如图11～图21所示，施工法分如下歩骤：
1)在工厂预制基础1A，分段或整体预制基础2A；
2)将基础1A水平浮运至设定位置；
3)在基础1A的底部注水，使基础1A竖起；
4)利用装置3在自重的作用下，使基础1A的底部嵌入岩土，基础1A的底部形成封闭腔体；
5)启动装置3-1，抽基础1A底部封闭腔体内的水，使之形成负压；
6)在基础1A自重和负压的作用下，基础1A下降至设定深度；
7)抽出基础1A腔体内的水，拆除装置3-1，在基础1A腔内安装装置4-1；
8)将基础2A的第一段即底段基础2A-1运至现场，装入装置4-1内，安装链刀5和泥浆管路7-1；
9)将装置4中的机架4-4的底部与第一段基础2A-1的顶部相连，将装置4底部的链刀5与第一段基础2A-1顶部的链刀5相连组成链式挖掘装置6，将装置4底部的泥浆管路7-1与第一段基础2A-1顶部的泥浆管路7-1相连；
10)启动装置4-2，装置4-2带动链刀5沿着基础2A-1上的轨道运行，链刀5挖掘第一段基础2A-1底部的岩土，并将已挖掘的岩土带至上方，装置4-3将链刀5从基础2A-1底部带上来的岩土与链刀5分离；
11)机架4-4随着第一段基础2A-1一起同步下降至设定深度；
12)将装置4与第一段基础2A-1分离并移走；
13)将第二段基础2A-2装入装置4-1内；
14)将第二段基础2A-2的底部与第一段基础2A-1的顶部相连，将第二段基础2A-2底部的链刀5与第一段基础2A-1顶部的链刀5相连，将第二段基础2A-2底部的泥浆管路7-1与第一段基础2A-1顶部的泥浆管路7-1相连；
15)将装置4中的机架4-4的底部与第二段基础2A-2的顶部相连，将装置4底部的链刀5与第二段基础2A-2顶部的链刀5相连，组成链式挖掘装置6，将装置4底部的泥浆管路7-1与第二段基础2A-2顶部的泥浆管路7-1相连；
16)启动装置4-2，装置4-2带动链刀5沿着基础2A上的轨道运行，链刀5挖掘第一段基础2A-1底部的岩土，并将已挖掘的岩土带至上方，装置4-3将链刀5从基础2A底部带上来的岩土与链刀5分离；
17)机架4-4、第一段基础2A-1和第二段基础2A-2一起同步下降至设定深度；
18)将装置4与第二段基础2A-2分离并移走；
重复上述13、14、15、16、17、18完成基础2A各段的连接和下降到设定的深度后，拆除装置4抽出链刀5后灌注混凝土，完成深水基础的施工。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种深水基础和施工装置，其特征是深水基础包括上部基础(1)和下部基础(2)，施工装置包括上部基础(1)的施工装置(3)和下部基础(2)的施工装置(4)；上部基础(1)是中空的，空腔内设有基础(2)或装置(4)的导向装置，上部基础(1)的底部是通过施工装置(3)利用自重或负压切入岩土的；当基础(1)达到设定的深度后，排出基础(1)空腔中的水，将下部基础(2)放入上部基础(1)的腔内，下部基础(2)的底部施工时带有链刀(5)；施工装置(4)包括设在上部基础(1)内腔的固定导向装置(4-1)、链刀动力传动装置(4-2)、弃土处理装置(4-3)和机架(4-4)，装置(4-2)和装置(4-3)均安装在机架(4-4)上，装置(4-2)和基础(2)及链刀(5)组成链式挖掘装置(6)，基础(2)是链式挖掘装置(6)的机架，链刀(5)仅挖掘基础(2)底部的岩土，链刀(5)由链条(5-1)和固定于链条(5-1)上挖掘岩土的刀具(5-2)组成；装置(4-1)对基础(2)和/或机架(4-4)进行导向，使基础(2)成铅直状态；施工时，机架(4-4)与基础(2)的顶部连接成一体，装置(4-2)驱动链刀(5)沿着基础(2)上的轨道运行，链刀(5)挖掘基础(2)底部的岩土，并将已挖掘的岩土带至上方，装置(4-3)将链刀(5)从基础(1)底部带上来的岩土与链刀(5)分离，机架(4-2)随着基础(2)一起同步下降，当基础(2)达到设定的深度，拆除施工装置(3)和链刀(5)，灌浆并使基础(1)和基础(2)固连一体成深水基础。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种深水基础和施工装置，其特征是所述的施工装置(3)包括抽水装置(3-1)和施工船(3-2)，装置(3-1)与基础(1)连接成一体，使基础(1)的底部产生负压。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种深水基础和施工装置，其特征是所述的装置(4-2)由链刀驱动装置(4-2-1)、链刀张紧装置(4-2-2)和链轮(4-2-3)组成。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种深水基础和施工装置，其特征是所述的基础(1)是筒形基础(1A)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种深水基础和施工装置，其特征是所述的基础(2)是口字基础(2A)，口字基础(2A)由四个一字基础组成，每个一字基础均设有仅挖掘各自底部岩土的链式挖掘装置(6)，即装置(4)的机架(4-4)上设有四个装置(4-2)。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种深水基础和施工装置，其特征是所述的深水基础是桥梁基础，桥梁基础包括若干个基础(1A)和若干个基础(2A)。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种深水基础和施工装置，其特征是所述的装置(4)中的机架(4-4)和基础(2)中还包括泥浆管路装置(7)，泥浆管路(7-1)与基础(2)底部的泥浆喷嘴(7-2)相连。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种深水基础和施工装置，其特征是所述的基础(1)的顶部是高于水面的。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种深水基础和施工装置，其特征是所述的基础(1)的顶部是深水基础的施工作业平台，上方设有起重装置。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种深水基础和施工装置的施工法，其特征是所述的施工法分如下歩骤：
    1)在工厂分段或整体基础(1)，分段或整体预制基础(2)；
    2)将基础(1)水平浮运至设定位置；
    3)在基础(1)的底部注水，使基础(1)竖起；
    4)利用装置(3)在自重的作用下，使基础(1)的底部嵌入岩土，基础(1)的底部形成封闭腔体；
    5)启动装置(3-1)，抽基础(1)底部封闭腔体内的水，使之形成负压；
    6)在基础(1)自重和负压的作用下，基础(1)下降至设定深度；
    7)抽出基础(1)腔体内的水，拆除装置(3-1)，在基础(1)腔内安装装置(4-1)；
    8)将基础(2)的第一段(即底段)基础(2-1)运至现场，装入装置(4-1)内，安装链刀(5)和泥浆管路(7-1)；
    9)将装置(4)中的机架(4-4)的底部与第一段基础(2-1)的顶部相连，将装置(4)底部的链刀(5)与第一段基础(2-1)顶部的链刀(5)相连组成链式挖掘装置(6)，将装置(4)底部的泥浆管路(7-1)与第一段基础(2-1)顶部的泥浆管路(7-1)相连；
    10)启动装置(4-2)，装置(4-2)带动链刀(5)沿着基础(2-1)上的轨道运行，链刀(5)挖掘第一段基础(2-1)底部的岩土，并将已挖掘的岩土带至上方，装置(4-3)将链刀(5)从基础(2-1)底部带上来的岩土与链刀(5)分离；
    11)机架(4-4)随着第一段基础(2-1)一起同步下降至设定深度；
    12)将装置(4)与第一段基础(2-1)分离并移走；
    13)将第二段基础(2-2)装入装置(4-1)内；
    14)将第二段基础(2-2)的底部与第一段基础(2-1)的顶部相连，将第二段基础(2-2)底部的链刀(5)与第一段基础(2-1)顶部的链刀(5)相连，将第二段基础(2-2)底部的泥浆管路(7-1)与第一段基础(2-1)顶部的泥浆管路(7-1)相连；
    15)将装置(4)中的机架(4-4)的底部与第二段基础(2-2)的顶部相连，将装置(4)底部的链刀(5)与第二段基础(2-2)顶部的链刀(5)相连，组成链式挖掘装置(6)，将装置(4)底部的泥浆管路(7-1)与第二段基础(2-2)顶部的泥浆管路(7-1)相连；
    16)启动装置(4-2)，装置(4-2)带动链刀(5)沿着基础(2)上的轨道运行，链刀(5)挖掘第一段基础(2-1)底部的岩土，并将已挖掘的岩土带至上方，装置(4-3)将链刀(5)从基础(2)底部带上来的岩土与链刀(5)分离；
    17)机架(4-4)、第一段基础(2-1)和第二段基础(2-2)一起同步下降至设定深度；
    18)将装置(4)与第二段基础(2-2)分离并移走；
    重复上述13)、14)、15)、16)、17)、18)完成基础(2)各段的连接和下降到设定的深度后，拆除装置(4)抽出链刀(5)后灌注混凝土，完成深水基础的施工。
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