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WO2018170832A1 - Codage de canal efficace pour un canal de diffusion physique (pbch) - Google Patents

Codage de canal efficace pour un canal de diffusion physique (pbch) Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018170832A1
WO2018170832A1 PCT/CN2017/077864 CN2017077864W WO2018170832A1 WO 2018170832 A1 WO2018170832 A1 WO 2018170832A1 CN 2017077864 W CN2017077864 W CN 2017077864W WO 2018170832 A1 WO2018170832 A1 WO 2018170832A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bits
subset
receive signal
signal vector
channels
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2017/077864
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English (en)
Inventor
Changlong Xu
Chao Wei
Thomas Richardson
Jian Li
Jilei Hou
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Qualcomm Inc
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Qualcomm Inc
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Priority to PCT/CN2017/077864 priority Critical patent/WO2018170832A1/fr
Publication of WO2018170832A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018170832A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0057—Block codes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0061—Error detection codes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0067—Rate matching
    • H04L1/0068—Rate matching by puncturing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0072—Error control for data other than payload data, e.g. control data
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/08—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by repeating transmission, e.g. Verdan system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1867—Arrangements specially adapted for the transmitter end
    • H04L1/189—Transmission or retransmission of more than one copy of a message
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1867—Arrangements specially adapted for the transmitter end
    • H04L1/1896—ARQ related signaling

Definitions

  • the following relates generally to wireless communication, and more specifically to efficient channel coding of system information.
  • Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power) .
  • multiple-access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, (e.g., a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, or a New Radio (NR) system) .
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • TDMA time division multiple access
  • FDMA frequency division multiple access
  • OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • NR New Radio
  • a wireless multiple-access communications system may include a number of base stations or access network nodes, each simultaneously supporting communication for multiple communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) .
  • UE user equipment
  • a base station may periodically transmit system information in a PBCH.
  • the system information may be encoded using an error correcting code so that transmission errors may be detected and corrected.
  • the system information may include information that updates at different periodicities.
  • Current encoding and decoding techniques may use coding techniques that provide challenges in reducing latency or enhancing coverage.
  • the described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, or apparatuses that support channel coding for a PBCH using polar coding.
  • the described techniques provide for the efficiently encoding and decoding of system information (e.g., a master information block (MIB) ) encoded using polar coding.
  • system information e.g., a master information block (MIB)
  • MIB master information block
  • a transmitting device may identify system information that includes frame numbers for a set of frames.
  • the encoder may perform an error-checking encoding of system information including a subset of bits of the respective frame numbers, and may obtain an information bit vector that includes the encoded system information, a set of check bits, and another subset of bits of the frame numbers (e.g., the least significant bits (LSBs) of the frame numbers) .
  • LSBs least significant bits
  • a codeword may be obtained by encoding the information bit vector using a polar code, which may be transmitted to a receiving device.
  • a decoder may obtain candidate paths of a receive signal vector, and perform one or more error checking functions on the receive signal vectors to recover the system information, including the LSBs of the respective frame numbers.
  • a method of for wireless communication may include identifying system information for a carrier, the system information comprising respective frame numbers for each frame of a set of frames, performing, for the set of frames, an error checking encoding of a first subset of bits of the respective frame numbers to obtain a set of check bits for the set of frames, obtaining, for the each frame of the set of frames, an information bit vector comprising the first subset of bits, the set of check bits, and a second subset of bits of the respective frame numbers, encoding, for the each frame, the information bit vector using a polar code to obtain a codeword, and transmitting, for the each frame, a system information signal comprising the codeword via the carrier.
  • the apparatus may include means for identifying system information for a carrier, the system information comprising respective frame numbers for each frame of a set of frames, means for performing, for the set of frames, an error checking encoding of a first subset of bits of the respective frame numbers to obtain a set of check bits for the set of frames, means for obtaining, for the each frame of the set of frames, an information bit vector comprising the first subset of bits, the set of check bits, and a second subset of bits of the respective frame numbers, means for encoding, for the each frame, the information bit vector using a polar code to obtain a codeword, and means for transmitting, for the each frame, a system information signal comprising the codeword via the carrier.
  • the apparatus may include a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory.
  • the instructions may be operable to cause the processor to identify system information for a carrier, the system information comprising respective frame numbers for each frame of a set of frames, perform, for the set of frames, an error checking encoding of a first subset of bits of the respective frame numbers to obtain a set of check bits for the set of frames, obtain, for the each frame of the set of frames, an information bit vector comprising the first subset of bits, the set of check bits, and a second subset of bits of the respective frame numbers, encode, for the each frame, the information bit vector using a polar code to obtain a codeword, and transmit, for the each frame, a system information signal comprising the codeword via the carrier.
  • a non-transitory computer readable medium for wireless communication may include instructions operable to cause a processor to identify system information for a carrier, the system information comprising respective frame numbers for each frame of a set of frames, perform, for the set of frames, an error checking encoding of a first subset of bits of the respective frame numbers to obtain a set of check bits for the set of frames, obtain, for the each frame of the set of frames, an information bit vector comprising the first subset of bits, the set of check bits, and a second subset of bits of the respective frame numbers, encode, for the each frame, the information bit vector using a polar code to obtain a codeword, and transmit, for the each frame, a system information signal comprising the codeword via the carrier.
  • Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above may further include processes, features, means, or instructions for mapping respective bits of the second subset of bits to a second subset of sub-channels within the second portion, wherein sub-channels of the second subset of sub-channels may be each associated with a highest decoding reliability based on the sorting.
  • the second subset of bits may be gray-coded for being mapped to the first subset of sub-channels.
  • Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above may further include processes, features, means, or instructions for mapping respective bits of the third set of bits to a third subset of sub-channels within the second portion, wherein sub-channels of the third subset of sub-channels may be each associated with a lowest decoding reliability based on the sorting.
  • a portion of the set of check bits may be associated with a false alarm rate compensation for successive cancellation list decoding.
  • the first subset of bits comprise most significant bits (MSBs) of the respective frame numbers.
  • the second subset of bits comprise LSBs of the respective frame numbers.
  • the system information comprises a MIB.
  • a method of for wireless communication may include receiving, over a set of frames, one or more system information signals via a carrier, the one or more system information signals encoded using a polar code, obtaining, for a first frame of the set of frames, a first receive signal vector according to the polar code, obtaining a first set of candidate paths of the first receive signal vector, performing a first error checking function on a payload of the first set of candidate paths based on check bits of the first set of candidate paths, wherein the payload comprises a first subset of bits of respective frame numbers for frames of the set of frames, and identifying a second subset of bits of the respective frame numbers based at least in part on a result of the first error checking function.
  • the apparatus may include means for receiving, over a set of frames, one or more system information signals via a carrier, the one or more system information signals encoded using a polar code, means for obtaining, for a first frame of the set of frames, a first receive signal vector according to the polar code, means for obtaining a first set of candidate paths of the first receive signal vector, means for performing a first error checking function on a payload of the first set of candidate paths based on check bits of the first set of candidate paths, wherein the payload comprises a first subset of bits of respective frame numbers for frames of the set of frames, and means for identifying a second subset of bits of the respective frame numbers based at least in part on a result of the first error checking function.
  • the apparatus may include a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory.
  • the instructions may be operable to cause the processor to receive, over a set of frames, one or more system information signals via a carrier, the one or more system information signals encoded using a polar code, obtain, for a first frame of the set of frames, a first receive signal vector according to the polar code, obtain a first set of candidate paths of the first receive signal vector, perform a first error checking function on a payload of the first set of candidate paths based on check bits of the first set of candidate paths, wherein the payload comprises a first subset of bits of respective frame numbers for frames of the set of frames, and identify a second subset of bits of the respective frame numbers based at least in part on a result of the first error checking function.
  • a non-transitory computer readable medium for wireless communication may include instructions operable to cause a processor to receive, over a set of frames, one or more system information signals via a carrier, the one or more system information signals encoded using a polar code, obtain, for a first frame of the set of frames, a first receive signal vector according to the polar code, obtain a first set of candidate paths of the first receive signal vector, perform a first error checking function on a payload of the first set of candidate paths based on check bits of the first set of candidate paths, wherein the payload comprises a first subset of bits of respective frame numbers for frames of the set of frames, and identify a second subset of bits of the respective frame numbers based at least in part on a result of the first error checking function.
  • Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above may further include processes, features, means, or instructions for performing a first combining function for the first receive signal vector and the second receive signal vector, wherein a selection of the first combining function from a first set of combining functions may be based at least in part on the determination and the second subset of bits of the first receive signal vector.
  • Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above may further include processes, features, means, or instructions for performing a second error checking function on a second payload of a second set of candidate paths determined from a result of the first combining function based on a second set of check bits of the second set of candidate paths.
  • performing the first combining function comprises: identifying a decoding order associated with the first set of combining functions, wherein the decoding order may be based at least in part on the identified second subset of bits.
  • Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above may further include processes, features, means, or instructions for determining a first binary sequence based at least in part on a first row of a generator matrix corresponding to a location index for a first bit of the second subset of bits.
  • Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above may further include processes, features, means, or instructions for determining a second binary sequence based at least in part on a second row of the generator matrix corresponding to a second location index for a second bit of the second subset of bits, wherein the first set of combining functions comprises the second receive signal vector, addition of the second receive signal vector to the second binary sequence applied to the first receive signal vector, addition of the second receive signal vector to the first binary sequence applied to the first receive signal vector, or any combination thereof.
  • each element of the first binary sequence and each element of the second binary sequence may be a value of one or negative one.
  • Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above may further include processes, features, means, or instructions for performing a second combining function for the first receive signal vector, the second receive signal vector, and the third receive signal vector, wherein a selection of the second combining function from a second set of combining functions may be based at least in part on the determination based on the second error checking function and the second subset of bits corresponding to the first receive signal vector.
  • the second combining function comprises the third receive signal vector, addition of the third receive signal vector to the first combining function applied to the second binary sequence, addition of the third receive signal vector to the first combining function applied to the first binary sequence, or any combination thereof.
  • Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above may further include processes, features, means, or instructions for determining that the first error checking function on the payload was successful. Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above may further include processes, features, means, or instructions for fixing a set of bits corresponding to the payload and the check bits as frozen bits. Some examples of the method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described above may further include processes, features, means, or instructions for performing a successive cancellation list decoding of the receive signal vector based at least in part on the frozen bits to identify the second subset of bits.
  • the second subset of bits comprise LSBs of the respective frame numbers.
  • the payload comprises a MIB.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a system for wireless communication that supports efficient channel coding of system information in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a device that supports efficient channel coding of system information in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a frame structure that supports efficient channel coding of system information in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an example of an encoder that supports aspects of self-decodable and soft-combinable code in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an example of an encoder that supports efficient channel coding of system information in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a polar channel coding scheme that supports efficient channel coding of system information in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a decoding scheme that supports efficient channel coding of system information in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a decoding order that supports efficient channel coding of system information in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIGs. 9A-9B provide examples of graphs that show supports efficient channel coding of system information in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a process flow in a system that supports efficient channel coding of system information in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIGs. 11 through 13 show block diagrams of a device that supports efficient channel coding of system information in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a block diagram of a system including a base station that supports efficient channel coding of system information in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIGs. 15 through 17 show block diagrams of a device that supports efficient channel coding of system information in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 18 illustrates a block diagram of a system including a UE that supports efficient channel coding of system information in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIGs. 19 through 24 illustrate methods for efficient channel coding of system information in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • a base station may transmit signaling to assist UEs in system acquisition for a cell supported by the base station.
  • the signaling may include a master information block (MIB) , which may be transmitted in a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) .
  • the MIB may contain system bandwidth information, a system frame number (SFN) , or a physical hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) indicator channel (PHICH) configuration.
  • the PBCH may be transmitted with a code rate (e.g., 1/6, 1/12) that allows the MIB to be read for UEs in low geometry environments.
  • some error correcting codes used for PBCH may have a strong run-time data dependency, such that parallel processing of such codes may be particularly challenging. Thus, it may be challenging to improve latency for encoding and decoding operations.
  • LSBs least significant bits
  • a channel coding technique for PBCH may utilize polar coding, repetition, and a scrambling code for transmission of a self-decodable and soft-combining code.
  • Such a channel coding technique may puncture a first number of sub-channels, and the remaining sub-channels may then be sorted according to an associated reliability. Then, one or more LSBs of the frame number may be mapped to one or more relatively more reliable sub-channels.
  • Such a technique may accordingly provide for a received signal that is both self-decodable and capable of soft-combining of multiple transmissions.
  • the order of soft-combining operations may further be optimized to reduce decoding complexity.
  • the above discussed techniques may provide for improved performance in terms of reliability, latency, coding gain, and complexity.
  • aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of a wireless communications system. Aspects are then illustrated by an encoder/decoder and encoding/decoding processes. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to efficient channel coding of system information.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the wireless communications system 100 includes base stations 105, UEs 115, and a core network 130.
  • the wireless communications system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, or a New Radio (NR) network.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • LTE-A LTE-Advanced
  • NR New Radio
  • wireless communications system 100 may support enhanced broadband communications, ultra-reliable (i.e., mission critical) communications, low latency communications, and communications with low-cost and low-complexity devices.
  • Wireless communications system 100 may support the encoding of system information using polar coding.
  • Base stations 105 may wirelessly communicate with UEs 115 via one or more base station antennas.
  • the base station 105 or the UE 115 may operate as a transmitting wireless device, a receiving wireless device, or both.
  • Each base station 105 may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110.
  • Communication links 125 shown in wireless communications system 100 may include uplink transmissions from a UE 115 to a base station 105, or downlink transmissions, from a base station 105 to a UE 115. Control information and data may be multiplexed on an uplink channel or downlink according to various techniques.
  • Control information and data may be multiplexed on a downlink channel, for example, using time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques.
  • TDM time division multiplexing
  • FDM frequency division multiplexing
  • hybrid TDM-FDM techniques the control information transmitted during a transmission time interval (TTI) of a downlink channel may be distributed between different control regions in a cascaded manner (e.g., between a common control region and one or more UE-specific control regions) .
  • UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout the wireless communications system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary or mobile.
  • a UE 115 may also be referred to as a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communications device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology.
  • a UE 115 may also be a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a personal electronic device, a handheld device, a personal computer, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, a machine type communication (MTC) device, an appliance, an automobile, or the like.
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • WLL wireless local loop
  • IoT Internet of Things
  • IoE Internet of Everything
  • MTC machine type communication
  • a UE 115 may also be able to communicate directly with other UEs (e.g., using a peer-to-peer (P2P) or device-to-device (D2D) protocol) .
  • P2P peer-to-peer
  • D2D device-to-device
  • One or more of a group of UEs 115 utilizing D2D communications may be within the geographic coverage area 110 of a cell. Other UEs 115 in such a group may be outside the geographic coverage area 110 of a cell, or otherwise unable to receive transmissions from a base station 105.
  • groups of UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may utilize a one-to-many (1: M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to every other UE 115 in the group.
  • a base station 105 facilitates the scheduling of resources for D2D communications.
  • D2D communications are carried out independent of a base station 105.
  • Some UEs 115 may be low cost or low complexity devices, and may provide for automated communication between machines, i.e., Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication.
  • M2M or MTC may refer to data communication technologies that allow devices to communicate with one another or a base station without human intervention.
  • M2M or MTC may refer to communications from devices that integrate sensors or meters to measure or capture information and relay that information to a central server or application program that can make use of the information or present the information to humans interacting with the program or application.
  • Some UEs 115 may be designed to collect information or enable automated behavior of machines. Examples of applications for MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geological event monitoring, fleet management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based business charging.
  • an MTC device may operate using half-duplex (one-way) communications at a reduced peak rate. MTC devices may also be configured to enter a power saving “deep sleep” mode when not engaging in active communications. In some cases, MTC or IoT devices may be designed to support mission critical functions and the wireless communications system may be configured to provide ultra-reliable communications for these functions.
  • Base stations 105 may communicate with the core network 130 and with one another. For example, base stations 105 may interface with the core network 130 through backhaul links 132 (e.g., S1, etc. ) . Base stations 105 may communicate with one another over backhaul links 134 (e.g., X2, etc. ) either directly or indirectly (e.g., through core network 130) . Base stations 105 may perform radio configuration and scheduling for communication with UEs 115, or may operate under the control of a base station controller (not shown) . In some examples, base stations 105 may be macro cells, small cells, hot spots, or the like. Base stations 105 may also be referred to as evolved NodeBs (eNBs) 105.
  • eNBs evolved NodeBs
  • Wireless communications system 100 may operate in an ultra high frequency (UHF) region using frequency bands from 300 MHz to 3 GHz. This region may also be known as the decimeter band, since the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length.
  • UHF waves may propagate mainly by line of sight, and may be blocked by buildings and environmental features. However, the waves may penetrate walls sufficiently to provide service to UEs 115 located indoors. Transmission of UHF waves is characterized by smaller antennas and shorter range (e.g., less than 100 km) compared to transmission using the smaller frequencies (and longer waves) of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum.
  • HF high frequency
  • VHF very high frequency
  • Wireless communications system 100 may also operate in a super high frequency (SHF) region using frequency bands from 3 GHz to 30 GHz, otherwise known as the centimeter band.
  • wireless communications system 100 may also utilize extremely high frequency (EHF) portions of the spectrum (e.g., from 30 GHz to 300 GHz) , also known as the millimeter band.
  • EHF extremely high frequency
  • Systems that use this region may be referred to as millimeter wave (mmW) systems.
  • mmW millimeter wave
  • EHF antennas may be even smaller and more closely spaced than UHF antennas. In some cases, this may facilitate use of antenna arrays within a UE 115 (e.g., for directional beamforming) .
  • EHF transmissions may be subject to even greater atmospheric attenuation and shorter range than UHF transmissions. Techniques disclosed herein may be employed across transmissions that use one or more different frequency regions.
  • Wireless communications system 100 may support millimeter wave (mmW) communications between UEs 115 and base stations 105.
  • Devices operating in mmW, SHF, or EHF bands may have multiple antennas to allow beamforming. That is, a base station 105 may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays to conduct beamforming operations for directional communications with a UE 115.
  • Beamforming (which may also be referred to as spatial filtering or directional transmission) is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitter (e.g., a base station 105) to shape and/or steer an overall antenna beam in the direction of a target receiver (e.g., a UE 115) .
  • base station 105 may have an antenna array with a number of rows and columns of antenna ports that the base station 105 may use for beamforming in its communication with UE 115. Signals may be transmitted multiple times in different directions (e.g., each transmission may be beamformed differently) .
  • a mmW receiver e.g., a UE 115
  • MIMO wireless systems use a transmission scheme between a transmitter (e.g., a base station 105) and a receiver (e.g., a UE 115) , where both transmitter and receiver are equipped with multiple antennas.
  • the antennas of a base station 105 or UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays, which may support beamforming or MIMO operation.
  • One or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be collocated at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower.
  • antennas or antenna arrays associated with a base station 105 may be located in diverse geographic locations.
  • a base station 105 may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays to conduct beamforming operations for directional communications with a UE 115.
  • wireless communications system 100 may be a packet-based network that operate according to a layered protocol stack.
  • communications at the bearer or Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer may be IP-based.
  • a Radio Link Control (RLC) layer may in some cases perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate over logical channels.
  • RLC Radio Link Control
  • a Medium Access Control (MAC) layer may perform priority handling and multiplexing of logical channels into transport channels.
  • the MAC layer may also use HARQ to provide retransmission at the MAC layer to improve link efficiency.
  • the Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol layer may provide establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection between a UE 115 and a network device, or core network 130 supporting radio bearers for user plane data.
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • PHY Physical
  • SFN system frame number
  • Each frame may include ten 1ms subframes numbered from 0 to 9.
  • a subframe may be further divided into two . 5ms slots, each of which contains 6 or 7 modulation symbol periods (depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol) . Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol contains 2048 sample periods.
  • the subframe may be the smallest scheduling unit, also known as a TTI.
  • a TTI may be shorter than a subframe or may be dynamically selected (e.g., in short TTI bursts or in selected component carriers using short TTIs) .
  • a UE 115 attempting to access a wireless network may perform an initial cell search by detecting a primary synchronization signal (PSS) from a base station 105.
  • PSS primary synchronization signal
  • the PSS may enable synchronization of slot timing and may indicate a physical layer identity value.
  • the UE 115 may then receive a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) .
  • SSS secondary synchronization signal
  • the SSS may enable radio frame synchronization, and may provide a cell identity value, which may be combined with the physical layer identity value to identify the cell.
  • the SSS may also enable detection of a duplexing mode and a cyclic prefix length.
  • Some systems, such as time division duplexing (TDD) systems may transmit an SSS but not a PSS.
  • TDD time division duplexing
  • Both the PSS and the SSS may be located in the central 62 and 72 subcarriers of a carrier, respectively.
  • the UE 115 may receive a PBCH carrying a MIB.
  • the UE 115 may receive one or more system information block (SIBs) .
  • SIB1 may contain cell access parameters and scheduling information for other SIBs.
  • a resource element may consist of one symbol period and one subcarrier (e.g., a 15 KHz frequency range) .
  • a resource block may contain 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain and, for a normal cyclic prefix in each orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) symbol, 7 consecutive OFDM symbols in the time domain (1 slot) , or 84 resource elements.
  • the number of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (the configuration of symbols that may be selected during each symbol period) . Thus, the more resource blocks that a UE receives and the higher the modulation scheme, the higher the data rate may be.
  • Wireless communications system 100 may support operation on multiple cells or carriers, a feature which may be referred to as carrier aggregation (CA) or multi-carrier operation.
  • a carrier may also be referred to as a component carrier (CC) , a layer, a channel, etc.
  • CC component carrier
  • the terms “carrier, ” “component carrier, ” “cell, ” and “channel” may be used interchangeably herein.
  • a UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink CCs and one or more uplink CCs for carrier aggregation.
  • Carrier aggregation may be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and TDD component carriers.
  • FDD frequency division duplexing
  • wireless communications system 100 may utilize enhanced component carriers (eCCs) .
  • eCC may be characterized by one or more features including: wider bandwidth, shorter symbol duration, shorter TTIs, and modified control channel configuration.
  • an eCC may be associated with a carrier aggregation configuration or a dual connectivity configuration (e.g., when multiple serving cells have a suboptimal or non-ideal backhaul link) .
  • An eCC may also be configured for use in unlicensed spectrum or shared spectrum (where more than one operator is allowed to use the spectrum) .
  • An eCC characterized by wide bandwidth may include one or more segments that may be utilized by UEs 115 that are not capable of monitoring the whole bandwidth or prefer to use a limited bandwidth (e.g., to conserve power) .
  • an eCC may utilize a different symbol duration than other CCs, which may include use of a reduced symbol duration as compared with symbol durations of the other CCs.
  • a shorter symbol duration may be associated with increased subcarrier spacing.
  • a TTI in an eCC may consist of one or multiple symbols. In some cases, the TTI duration (that is, the number of symbols in a TTI) may be variable.
  • a device such as a UE 115 or base station 105, utilizing eCCs may transmit wideband signals (e.g., 20, 40, 60, 80 MHz, etc. ) at reduced symbol durations (e.g., 16.67 microseconds) .
  • a TTI in eCC may consist of one or multiple symbols. In some cases, the TTI duration (that is, the number of symbols in a TTI) may be variable.
  • a shared radio frequency spectrum band may be utilized in an NR shared spectrum system.
  • an NR shared spectrum may utilize any combination of licensed, shared, and unlicensed spectrum, among others.
  • the flexibility of eCC symbol duration and subcarrier spacing may allow for the use of eCC across multiple spectrum bands.
  • NR shared spectrum may increase spectrum utilization and spectral efficiency, specifically through dynamic vertical (e.g., across frequency) and horizontal (e.g., across time) sharing of resources.
  • wireless communications system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands.
  • wireless communications system 100 may employ LTE License Assisted Access (LTE-LAA) or LTE Unlicensed (LTE U) radio access technology or NR technology in an unlicensed band such as the 5Ghz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band.
  • LTE-LAA LTE License Assisted Access
  • LTE U LTE Unlicensed
  • NR New Radio
  • unlicensed band such as the 5Ghz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band.
  • wireless devices such as base stations 105 and UEs 115 may employ listen-before-talk (LBT) procedures to ensure the channel is clear before transmitting data.
  • LBT listen-before-talk
  • operations in unlicensed bands may be based on a CA configuration in conjunction with CCs operating in a licensed band.
  • Operations in unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, or both.
  • Duplexing in unlicensed spectrum may be based on FDD,
  • Wireless communications system 100 may support efficient encoding and decoding of system information (e.g., a MIB) encoded using polar coding.
  • a transmitting device e.g., a base station 105 or UE 115
  • the encoder may perform an error-checking encoding of a subset of bits of the respective frame numbers, and may obtain an information bit vector that includes the encoded subset of bits, a set of check bits, and another subset of bits of the frame numbers (e.g., the LSBs of the frame numbers) .
  • a codeword may be obtained by encoding the information bit vector using a polar code, which may be transmitted to a receiving device.
  • a decoder may obtain candidate paths of a receive signal vector, and perform one or more error checking functions on the receive signal vectors to recover the system information, including the LSBs of the respective frame numbers.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a device 200 that supports efficient channel coding of system information in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the device 200 may be any device within wireless communications system 100 that performs an encoding algorithm.
  • the device 200 may be, for example, a UE 115 or base station 105 as described in FIG. 1. The following refers to device 200 as a base station 105.
  • a base station 105 may have data stored in memory 205 to be transmitted to another device, such as a UE 115. To initiate the transmission process, the base station 105 may retrieve from memory 205 the data for transmission, encode the data by an encoder 210, and transmit the encoded data by a transmitter 215.
  • a bus 220 may connect the memory 205 and encoder 210, and a bus 225 may connect encoder 210 and transmitter 215.
  • Bus 220 may provide N bits at a time to encoder 210, and bus 225 may provide M bits at a time to transmitter 215.
  • N and M may be positive integers, may be the same number, or may be different numbers.
  • Encoder 210 may use a number of encoding techniques to encode the data for transmission.
  • error correcting codes may be used to introduce redundancy in a code block so that transmission errors may be detected and corrected.
  • Example encoding techniques include linear block encoding, polar encoding, Reed-Muller encoding, polar Reed-Muller (RM) encoding, and the like.
  • the following examples of encoder 210 describe the use of a tail-biting convolutional code (TBCC) , and subsequently, a polar code.
  • TBCC tail-biting convolutional code
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a frame structure 300 that supports efficient channel coding of system information in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Frame structure 300 may be an example of a configuration that may be used for a transmitting a MIB by any device within wireless communications system 100 that performs an encoding algorithm.
  • Frame structure 300 may include one or more frames 305.
  • Each frame 305 may include one or more corresponding subframes 310.
  • a MIB may be transmitted in a PBCH.
  • the MIB may include parameters including, for example, an indicator indicating a system bandwidth, a SFN, and bits indicating a PHICH configuration.
  • a PBCH having equivalent values for various parameters included in the MIB may be transmitted multiple times to allow for combining to extend coverage for the PBCH.
  • each MIB in an LTE system is generated with a 40-ms periodicity (e.g., the PHY layer receives a new MIB for encoding every 40 ms) .
  • Each newly generated MIB (each represented in FIG. 3 by an “F” ) includes an updated SFN.
  • Other components of the PBCH payload may additionally be updated (e.g., the PHICH configuration, downlink bandwidth, etc.
  • the MIB may be coded at a relatively low rate and repeated four times (e.g., once per 10-ms frame) over the 40-ms period (e.g., using a 1/48 code rate over a 40-ms TTI) (each repeated transmission represented in FIG. 3 by an “R” ) .
  • Such a design may provide for strong error protection.
  • Each of the four transmissions may be self-decodable (e.g., such that when the signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) is relatively high, a UE 115 may decode the MIB correctly without receiving all four transmissions) . Additionally, the transmissions may be soft-combined (e.g., so that when the SINR is relatively low, a UE 115 can soft combine each transmission with those received already until successful decoding of the MIB is achieved) . That is, because each MIB may be transmitted four times (once per 10 ms frame) before another MIB is generated, the four transmissions of the same MIB contain the same information (e.g., the same PBCH payload) and may therefore be soft-combined. In some cases, eight most significant bits of the ten-bit SFN may be included in the MIB, and two LSBs may be obtained through four possible phases of a PBCH scrambling code.
  • SINR signal to interference and noise ratio
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an example of an encoder 400 that illustrates aspects of code that may be self-decodable and soft-combinable, and which may be improved upon, for example, as described with reference to FIG. 5.
  • Encoder 400 may be an example of an encoder 210 as described with reference to FIG. 2.
  • a channel coding technique for PBCH may utilize TBCC at a TBCC encoder 405, repetition 410, and a scrambling code at a scrambler 415 for transmission of a self-decodable and soft-combining code.
  • a payload having a certain amount of bits may be encoded along with a certain number of bits for cyclic redundancy check (CRC) .
  • CRC cyclic redundancy check
  • a 24-bit payload may be encoded with 16 bits for CRC.
  • the payload may include a bandwidth indicator, a PHICH configuration, an SFN as described above, and a number of spare bits.
  • a 24-bit payload may include three bits for bandwidth, three bits for a PHICH configuration, eight bits for the SFN, and ten spare bits.
  • a payload on PBCH with associated CRC bits may first be encoded at TBCC encoder 405 using a TBCC at a code rate of, for example, 1/3.
  • a TBCC encoder 405 at a code rate of 1/3, having received 40 bits, may accordingly output 120 bits.
  • a codeword may be repeated four times, in which case, a 120 bit output of the TBCC may result in a total output of 480 bits.
  • a scrambling code at scrambler 415 may then be applied using multiple phases for scrambling the coded bits.
  • the scrambling code may then be used by the decoder to determine the LSBs of the SFN from the output of the TBCC.
  • four phases of scrambling code may accordingly be used at scrambler 415 for the four repeated transmissions.
  • the scrambled code may be self-decodable and soft-combining may be used for the multiple transmissions.
  • Blind detection may be used with each phase of the transmission to detect, and accordingly decode, the scrambled bits. For example, in the case of four repeated transmissions, four blind detection sequences may be used on the decoding side for each antenna port.
  • polar coding may be used for certain control channels, which may improve channel capacity while being more susceptible to parallel processing in the encoder and decoder. In some cases, it may be beneficial to use consistent channel coding across control channel transmissions within a system, which may enable such transmissions to benefit from advantages gained in processing techniques.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an example of an encoder 500 that supports efficient channel coding of system information in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Encoder 500 may perform encoding techniques that provide enhancements over the encoding techniques as described with reference to encoder 400 of FIG. 4.
  • Encoder 500 may be an example of an encoder 210 as described with reference to FIG. 2.
  • Aspects of encoding technique are described with reference to polar code, however, other encoding schemes may additionally or alternatively be used without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure.
  • the described techniques may apply to Reed-Muller codes, among others.
  • a channel coding technique for PBCH may utilize polar coding at polar coder 505, apply repetition at a repetition processor 510, and apply a scrambling code at scrambler 515 for transmission of a self-decodable and soft-combining code.
  • a PBCH having a similar frame structure to the above case discussed with reference to FIG. 3 may be used with a technique of channel coding that uses polar coding in place of TBCC.
  • a payload having a different amount of bits may be transmitted along with a number of bits for CRC. For example, a 24-bit payload may be transmitted with 19 bits for CRC.
  • the bits used for CRC may include bits for detection and other bits used for CRC- aided successive cancellation list (SCL) (CA-SCL) decoding.
  • SCL CRC- aided successive cancellation list
  • a 24-bit payload may include 16 bits for detection, and the three other bits may be used for CA-SCL.
  • the payload and CRC bits may further be transmitted with the determined LSBs of the SFN using a Gray mapping of an LSB number to a corresponding value for the polar code.
  • Polar coder 505 may output, for example, a 240 bit codeword.
  • the codeword may, in some cases, be repeated twice at repetition processor 510, in which case, a 240 bit codeword may result in a total of 480 bits. In other examples, there may be no repetition, such as in the case of a 512 bit codeword with 32 bits punctured.
  • a scrambling code may then be used at scrambler 515.
  • a common scrambling code may be used at scrambler 515 for each transmission.
  • the decoder may decode the transmission without blind detection of different scrambling code phases.
  • the scrambled code may again be self-decodable (as further described below with reference to FIG. 7) and capable of soft-combining (as further described below with reference to FIG. 8) for the multiple transmissions.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a polar channel coding scheme 600 that supports efficient channel coding of system information in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Polar channel coding scheme 600 may include a set of sub-channels 605.
  • each respective sub-channels of the set of sub-channels 605 may be assigned as a punctured bit 610, LSBs 615, payload bits 620 (e.g., including CRC bits) , or frozen bits 625 for the purpose of generating a polar code.
  • the codeword for PBCH may be generated by any device or a component of the device within a wireless communications system that performs an encoding process, for example, a base station 105, or an encoder 210 as described with reference to FIG. 2.
  • the set of sub-channels 605 may be indexed sequentially and each channel index may have a corresponding reliability metric.
  • a first number of sub-channels (e.g., the first 16 channels) may be punctured (i.e., not transmitted) in decoding order, represented by punctured bits 610. Puncturing a first (lowest index) set of channel indices may be known as unknown bit puncturing or non-shortening based puncturing. Puncturing successive bits may be known as block puncturing. Puncturing may be used for rate matching for a desired code rate or transmitted codeword length. In other examples, shortening based puncturing may be used, which also may be known as known bit puncturing. In shortening based puncturing, a set of channel indices having the highest indexes may be punctured, with corresponding sub-channels set to a known value. The reliability metrics for each sub-channel may be determined taking the puncturing into account.
  • the remaining sub-channels may then be sorted according to a reliability metric associated with the corresponding sub-channel.
  • a multi-step process may involve sorting the polar code sub-channels according to their reliability, and selecting the most reliable sub-channels for assignment of information bits. Based on a channel index associated with one or more of the information bits (e.g., the lowest channel index assigned to an information bit or channel index associated with the least reliable channel assigned to an information bit) , parity check bits may be assigned.
  • the LSBs 615 e.g., the two LSBs
  • the SFN and payload bits 620 being, e.g., 43 bits
  • the mapped bits may further include a number of frozen bits 625, where frozen bits 625 each correspond to a fixed value (e.g., a value of zero or one) .
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a decoding scheme 700 that supports efficient channel coding of system information in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Decoding scheme 700 may be implemented by any device or a component of the device within a wireless communications system that performs a decoding process, for example, a UE 115 or base station 105 as described with reference to FIG. 1. Aspects of decoding scheme 700 are described with reference to a polar code, however, other encoding schemes may additionally or alternatively be used without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure.
  • each transmission of a received signal may be self-decodable.
  • a received signal may first be decoded via CA-SCL decoding at 705.
  • the list depth for CA-SCL decoding may be dependent on a CRC length.
  • the CA-SCL decoding list depth may be different than a number of decoding candidates used for CRC checking. For example, where the CRC length is 19 bits with 3 bits used to account for CA-SCL, a maximum of eight candidate paths may be CRC-checked, while the list depth may be larger than 8.
  • the decoder may apply a CRC check to the list decoding result from CA-SCL decoding at 705. If the decoding results of the payload bits (e.g., a 43-bit payload with 19 bit CRC) for a candidate path in the list pass the CRC check, the decoding may be determined to have been successful, indicating that the payload was decoded correctly. In some cases, the received LSBs may be identified as being correct due to the successful CRC for the payload. If the decoding results fail CRC, the decoding may be determined to have failed.
  • the payload bits e.g., a 43-bit payload with 19 bit CRC
  • the bits of the payload (e.g., the 43-bit payload) may be treated as frozen bits with fixed values.
  • the LSBs may be decoded again, for example, via a further iteration of CA-SCL decoding.
  • the frozen bits having fixed values may accordingly be used to improve the performance of the SCL decoding procedure. This successive decoding may provide for improved reliability in determining the LSBs because of the low effective code rate for two LSBs carried over the polar code length.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a decoding order 800 that supports efficient channel coding of system information in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Decoding order 800 may be implemented by any device or a component of the device within a wireless communications system that performs a decoding process, for example, a UE 115 or base station 105 as described with reference to FIG. 1. Aspects of decoding order 800 are described with reference to a polar code, however, other encoding schemes may additionally or alternatively be used without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure.
  • a technique for decoding may provide for soft-combining capability for multiple transmissions.
  • An index indicating the locations of two LSBs may be represented by p 1 and p 2 .
  • p 1 may represent a more reliable index, based on the reliability sorting technique discussed above.
  • p 1 and p 2 may correspond to a p 1 th row and a p 2 th row of a generator matrix.
  • the generator matrix may be a Hadamard matrix (e.g., a 256 by 256 binary matrix) .
  • the p 1 th row and the p 2 th row of a Hadamard matrix may accordingly be represented by H (P 1 ) and H (P 2 ), respectively.
  • the binary sequences may accordingly change the rows of elements into binary expressions (e.g., with values of 1 or -1) . This may allow the signals of different frames to be transformed such that they may be represented by corresponding similar or equivalent signals.
  • the four receive signal vectors 805 (e.g., receive signal vectors 805-a through 805-d) , being the output of the polarization operations from the four transmissions may be represented by r 1 , r 2 , r 3 , and r 4 , respectively, each representing for example, a 256-bit vector of log-likelihood ratio (LLR) values corresponding to the polar code sub-channels.
  • LLR log-likelihood ratio
  • the received signal vectors may then be soft-combined according to decoding order 800. For example, when a first transmission is received, the corresponding LSBs may be unknown. After running a list decoding procedure on the received transmission, if CRC passes, the corresponding value of the LSBs may be known.
  • the list decoding result having a best path metric may then be used for a soft-combining step with the second receive signal vector. This process may subsequently be iterated for each received transmission according to the operations as shown on in FIG. 8, at a particular order as discussed below, until CRC passes, indicating that the value of the LSBs is determined to be correct.
  • the order of soft-combining operations may further be optimized using decoding order 800 to reduce decoding complexity.
  • decoding order 800 may accordingly be further reduced by decoding the candidates in an order corresponding to their reliability.
  • the corresponding order which may optimize reliability in decoding LSBs, with reference to the decoding order 800 shown in FIG. 8, may be given as follows.
  • the decoding order For combining two receive signal vectors: if the decoding result (e.g., best path hard bits) of the first received signal is 00 or 11, the decoding order may be given by y 20 , y 21 , y 23 ; if the decoding result of the first received signal is 01, the decoding order may be given by y 21 , y 20 , y 23 ; and if the decoding result of the first received signal is 10, the decoding order may be given by y 23 , y 20 , y 21 .
  • the decoding order may be given by y 31 , y 30 , y 33 , y 32 ; if the decoding results of the previous two received signals are 11 and 10, the decoding order may be given by y 32 , y 30 , y 31 , y 33 ; if the decoding results of the previous two received signals are 10 and 00, the decoding order may be given by y 33 , y 30 , y 31 , y 32 ; otherwise, the decoding order may be given by y 30 , y 31 , y 33 , y 32 .
  • the decoding order may be given by y 41 , y 40 , y 43 , y 42 ; if the decoding results of the previous three received signals are 11, 10, and 00, the decoding order may be given by y 42 , y 40 , y 43 , and y 41 ; if the decoding results of the previous three received signals are 10, 00, and 01, the decoding order may be given by y 43 , y 40 , y 42 , y 41 ; otherwise, the decoding order may be given by y 43 , y 40 , y 42 , y 41 .
  • the soft combining may not be possible because the following transmission may have changed parameters.
  • FIGs. 9A-9B provide example graphs 900 and 905 that show supports efficient channel coding of system information in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Example graphs 900 and 905 may be resulting from an implementation of the above described techniques by any device or a component of the device within a wireless communications system 100 that performs a decoding process, for example, a UE 115 or base station 105 as described with reference to FIG. 1.
  • Aspects of the decoding technique are described with reference to polar code, however, other encoding schemes in which different bit locations are associated with different degrees of reliability may additionally or alternatively be used without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9A provides an example graph 900 showing reliabilities of sub-channels as measured by associated error rates.
  • Graph 900 shows a measured error rate on the y-axis, with units being a number of errors per 2000 error frames, and sub-channel indexes corresponding to various sub-channels on the x-axis.
  • the measurement was obtained used a (240, 43) polar code using an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) model, at a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 1-5 dB.
  • AWGN additive white Gaussian noise
  • SNR signal-to-noise ratio
  • the reliability of sub-channels varies among different sub-channels. In some cases, it may be desirable for the LSBs to be mapped to sub-channels having a relatively higher reliability.
  • mapping of the LSBs may, in some cases, result in a relative improvement in performance due to the lower error rate of the respective channel.
  • many of the sub-channels as identified by their corresponding sub-channel indexes have a low measured error rate in terms of a number of errors per 2000 error frames, and may accordingly be used for mapping the LSBs of the SFN.
  • FIG. 9B provides an example graph 905 comparing block error rates (BLERs) associated with different data transmissions as discussed above.
  • Graph 905 shows a BLER on the y-axis, with its corresponding units being on a logarithmic scale, and energy per symbol to noise power spectral density (E s /N 0 ) on the x-axis.
  • the measurement was obtained used a (240, 43) polar code with a 19-bit CRC, quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) and a polar coding list size of 8.
  • the data using CRC is shown as the top line
  • the BLER for SFN LSBs is shown as the bottom line.
  • the BLER associated with using LSBs may be relatively lower than the BLER associated with using only CRC.
  • the difference in the BLER associated with using LSBs and the BLER associated with using CRC may be further widened in the case of a relatively higher SNR.
  • decoding complexity may be relatively lower with a decoding candidate having a relatively higher probability based on the decoding results using LSBs.
  • the top line in graph 905 shows the error rate for LSBs using relatively more reliable bits, but without using techniques for frozen bits and soft-combining described above.
  • the use of the above described frozen bit techniques and soft-combining techniques may provide further reliability improvements.
  • the described techniques for polar coding of PBCH may provide for further improvements in performance in terms of reliability, latency, coding gain, and complexity.
  • the decoding latency and complexity may be reduced by puncturing the first bits (e.g., the first 16 bits) of the polar channel, as described with reference to FIG. 6.
  • a particular minimum code rate e.g., 43/120
  • a CRC may be jointly used (e.g., a 19-bit joint CRC) for both detection and decoding, which may reduce the overhead of the CRC bits.
  • the PBCH design may support both self-decoding and soft-combining for the repeated transmissions, which may provide further efficiencies.
  • Decoding complexity may be further reduced by decoding a candidate bit with a high probability due to optimized LSB placement based on SFN.
  • decoding complexity may be further reduced due to de-scrambling being performed only once for multiple transmissions (e.g., descramble once for four combine transmissions) .
  • FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a process flow 1000 that supports efficient channel coding of system information in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Process flow 1000 may include a encoder 1005 and a decoder 1010, each of which may be an example of the encoder 210 described with reference to FIG. 2.
  • encoder 1005 may be located at or otherwise associated with a UE 115 as described with reference to FIG. 1.
  • decoder 1010 may be located at or otherwise associated with a base station 105 as described with reference to FIG. 1.
  • a UE 115 may include an encoder and a decoder—to facilitate D2D communication, for example.
  • encoder 1005 may identify system information (i.e., a MIB) for a carrier.
  • the system information may include respective frame numbers corresponding to each frame of a set of frames.
  • encoder 1005 may perform, for the set of frames, an error checking encoding procedure for a first subset of bits (i.e., payload bits) of the respective frame numbers to obtain a set of check bits (i.e., CRC bits) for the set of frames.
  • CRC bits check bits
  • a portion of the CRC bits may be associated with a false alarm rate compensation for successive cancellation list decoding.
  • encoder 1005 may obtain an information bit vector for each frame of the set of frames.
  • the information bit vector may include the payload bits, the set of CRC bits, and a second subset of bits of the respective frame numbers (i.e., LSBs) .
  • encoder 1005 may first determine a decoding order for a set of sub-channels for use with polar encoding. Based on the determined decoding order, encoder 1005 may puncture a first subset of the sub-channels, where the first subset of sub-channels may be a temporally first portion of the set of sub-channels.
  • the remaining sub-channels may be sorted based on a determined reliability associated with each sub-channel. For example, the remaining sub-channels may be sorted in a descending order according to their associated reliabilities.
  • a subset of bits (including, e.g., payload bits and CRC bits) and a second subset of bits (i.e., the LSBs) may accordingly be mapped to respective sub-channels to be encoded.
  • the LSBs may be mapped to sub-channels having a relatively higher reliability.
  • the LSBs may be gray-coded to be mapped to their corresponding sub-channels.
  • the mapping may further include a subset of bits to be set as frozen bits (i.e., bits having a fixed value) .
  • the frozen bits may be mapped to sub-channels having a relatively lower reliability.
  • encoder 1005 may encode an information bit vector using a polar code to obtain a codeword. After obtaining the codeword, encoder 1005 may, in some cases, generate a repetition of the codeword using a repetition code to obtain, for example, four repetitions of the codeword having similar values. Then, encoder 1005 may scramble the codeword for each frame using a scrambling code. In some cases, the scrambling code may have a single phase. In these cases, a single phase for the scrambling code may be used for one or more repetitions of the scrambling code.
  • encoder 1005 may transmit, via the carrier, to decoder 1010, and decoder 1010 may receive from encoder 1005, the codeword as encoded at 1030.
  • decoder 1010 may obtain a receive signal vector, where receive signal vector may be coded according to the polar coding at 1030. From the receive signal vector, decoder 1010 may obtain a first set of candidate paths for use in a decoding procedure, for example a CA-SCL decoding procedure.
  • decoder 1010 may determine a first binary sequence and a second binary sequence based on a corresponding first row and second row of a generator matrix (e.g., a Hadamard matrix) corresponding to a location index for corresponding bits to be used in decoding the receive signal.
  • a generator matrix e.g., a Hadamard matrix
  • each element of the binary sequences may be a value of one or negative one.
  • decoder 1010 may perform an error checking function on a payload, as may have been obtained at 1040 from the first set of candidate paths based on the CRC bits of the first set of candidate paths.
  • the payload bits may include a subset of bits of respective frame numbers for frames of the set of frames.
  • decoder 1010 may determine that a first error checking function was unsuccessful. In such cases, decoder 1010 may obtain, for a second frame of the set of frames, a second receive signal vector according to the polar code. Then, decoder 1010 may perform a combining function for the first receive signal vector and the second receive signal vector, where decoder 1010 may select one or more combining functions based on the determination that the error checking function was unsuccessful. In some cases, the combining function may include adding one or more receive signals. The combining function may further include identifying an associated decoding order.
  • Decoder 1010 may then perform a second error checking function on a second payload of a second set of candidate paths, as may have been determined from a result of the first combining function and a second set of check bits (i.e., a second set of CRC bits) . In some cases, this process may be repeated a third time, based on decoder 1010 determining that the second error checking function was unsuccessful. In such cases, a third receive signal vector may be obtained, and combined with the other receive signals in another combining function.
  • decoder 1010 may identify a subset of the obtained bits as LSBs based on a result of the error checking function at 1045. In some cases, based on a determination that the error checking function was successful, decoder 1010 may fix a set of bits from the payload bits and check bits as frozen bits. In these cases, decoder 1010 may then perform a further iteration of decoding (e.g., successive cancellation list decoding) of the receive signal vector.
  • decoder 1010 may perform a further iteration of decoding (e.g., successive cancellation list decoding) of the receive signal vector.
  • FIG. 11 shows a block diagram 1100 of a wireless device 1105 that supports efficient channel coding of system information in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Wireless device 1105 may be an example of aspects of a base station 105 as described with reference to FIG. 1.
  • Wireless device 1105 may include receiver 1110, base station communications manager 1115, and transmitter 1120.
  • Wireless device 1105 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
  • Receiver 1110 may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to efficient channel coding of system information, etc. ) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device.
  • the receiver 1110 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 1435 described with reference to FIG. 14.
  • the receiver 1110 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.
  • Base station communications manager 1115 may be an example of aspects of the base station communications manager 1415 described with reference to FIG. 14.
  • Base station communications manager 1115 and/or at least some of its various sub-components may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions of the base station communications manager 1115 and/or at least some of its various sub-components may be executed by a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application- specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , an field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described in the present disclosure.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field-programmable gate array
  • the base station communications manager 1115 and/or at least some of its various sub-components may be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations by one or more physical devices.
  • base station communications manager 1115 and/or at least some of its various sub-components may be a separate and distinct component in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
  • base station communications manager 1115 and/or at least some of its various sub-components may be combined with one or more other hardware components, including but not limited to an I/O component, a transceiver, a network server, another computing device, one or more other components described in the present disclosure, or a combination thereof in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Base station communications manager 1115 may identify system information for a carrier, the system information including respective frame numbers for each frame of a set of frames, perform, for the set of frames, an error checking encoding of a first subset of bits of the respective frame numbers to obtain a set of check bits for the set of frames, and obtain, for the each frame of the set of frames, an information bit vector including the first subset of bits, the set of check bits, and a second subset of bits of the respective frame numbers.
  • base station communications manager 1115 may encode, for the each frame, the information bit vector using a polar code to obtain a codeword, and transmit, for the each frame, a system information signal including the codeword via the carrier.
  • Transmitter 1120 may transmit signals generated by other components of the device.
  • the transmitter 1120 may be collocated with a receiver 1110 in a transceiver module.
  • the transmitter 1120 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 1435 described with reference to FIG. 14.
  • the transmitter 1120 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.
  • FIG. 12 shows a block diagram 1200 of a wireless device 1205 that supports efficient channel coding of system information in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Wireless device 1205 may be an example of aspects of a wireless device 1105 or a base station 105 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 and 11.
  • Wireless device 1205 may include receiver 1210, base station communications manager 1215, and transmitter 1220.
  • Wireless device 1205 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
  • Receiver 1210 may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to channel coding for PBCH using polar coding, etc. ) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device.
  • the receiver 1210 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 1435 described with reference to FIG. 14.
  • the receiver 1210 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.
  • Base station communications manager 1215 may be an example of aspects of the base station communications manager 1415 described with reference to FIG. 14. Base station communications manager 1215 may also include system information manager 1225, encoding component 1230, and information bit vector manager 1235.
  • System information manager 1225 may identify system information for a carrier, the system information including respective frame numbers for each frame of a set of frames and transmit, for the each frame, a system information signal including the codeword via the carrier.
  • the system information includes a MIB.
  • Encoding component 1230 may perform, for the set of frames, an error checking encoding of a first subset of bits of the respective frame numbers to obtain a set of check bits for the set of frames and encode, for the each frame, the information bit vector using a polar code to obtain a codeword.
  • a portion of the set of check bits is associated with a false alarm rate compensation for successive cancellation list decoding.
  • Information bit vector manager 1235 may obtain, for the each frame of the set of frames, an information bit vector including the first subset of bits, the set of check bits, and a second subset of bits of the respective frame numbers.
  • the second subset of bits include LSBs of the respective frame numbers.
  • Transmitter 1220 may transmit signals generated by other components of the device.
  • the transmitter 1220 may be collocated with a receiver 1210 in a transceiver module.
  • the transmitter 1220 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 1435 described with reference to FIG. 14.
  • the transmitter 1220 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.
  • FIG. 13 shows a block diagram 1300 of a base station communications manager 1315 that supports efficient channel coding of system information in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the base station communications manager 1315 may be an example of aspects of a base station communications manager 1115, a base station communications manager 1215, or a base station communications manager 1415 described with reference to FIGs. 11, 12, and 14.
  • the base station communications manager 1315 may include system information manager 1320, encoding component 1325, information bit vector manager 1330, scrambler 1335, repetition component 1340, sub-channel manager 1345, and mapper 1350. Each of these modules may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
  • System information manager 1320 may identify system information for a carrier, the system information including respective frame numbers for each frame of a set of frames and transmit, for the each frame, a system information signal including the codeword via the carrier.
  • the system information includes an MIB.
  • Encoding component 1325 may perform, for the set of frames, an error checking encoding of a first subset of bits of the respective frame numbers to obtain a set of check bits for the set of frames and encode, for the each frame, the information bit vector using a polar code to obtain a codeword.
  • a portion of the set of check bits is associated with a false alarm rate compensation for successive cancellation list decoding.
  • Information bit vector manager 1330 may obtain, for the each frame of the set of frames, an information bit vector including the first subset of bits, the set of check bits, and a second subset of bits of the respective frame numbers.
  • the second subset of bits include LSBs of the respective frame numbers.
  • the first subset of bits may include the most significant bits of the respective frame numbers.
  • Scrambler 1335 may scramble the codeword for each frame using a scrambling code having a single phase.
  • Repetition component 1340 may generate, prior to the scrambling, a repetition of the codeword using a repetition code.
  • Sub-channel manager 1345 may determine a decoding order of a set of sub-channels of the polar code, puncture a first subset of sub-channels within the set of sub-channels, the first subset of sub-channels including a temporally first portion of the set of sub-channels according to the decoding order, and sort a second portion of the set of sub-channels based on a decoding reliability associated with respective sub-channels of the second portion of the set of sub-channels.
  • Mapper 1350 may map the second subset of bits, a payload of the system information signal including the first subset of bits and the set of check bits, and a third set of bits to the respective sub-channels to generate the polar code, map respective bits of the second subset of bits to a second subset of sub-channels within the second portion, where sub-channels of the second subset of sub-channels are each associated with a highest decoding reliability based on the sorting, and map respective bits of the third set of bits to a third subset of sub-channels within the second portion, where sub-channels of the third subset of sub-channels are each associated with a lowest decoding reliability based on the sorting.
  • the second subset of bits are gray-coded for being mapped to the first subset of sub-channels.
  • FIG. 14 shows a diagram of a system 1400 including a device 1405 that supports efficient channel coding of system information in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Device 1405 may be an example of or include the components of wireless device 1105, wireless device 1205, or a base station 105 as described above, e.g., with reference to FIGs. 1, 11 and 12.
  • Device 1405 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, including base station communications manager 1415, processor 1420, memory 1425, software 1430, transceiver 1435, antenna 1440, network communications manager 1445, and inter-station communications manager 1450. These components may be in electronic communication via one or more busses (e.g., bus 1410) .
  • Device 1405 may communicate wirelessly with one or more UEs 115.
  • Processor 1420 may include an intelligent hardware device, (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a central processing unit (CPU) , a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) .
  • processor 1420 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller.
  • a memory controller may be integrated into processor 1420.
  • Processor 1420 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting efficient channel coding of system information) .
  • Memory 1425 may include random access memory (RAM) and read only memory (ROM) .
  • the memory 1425 may store computer-readable, computer-executable software 1430 including instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to perform various functions described herein.
  • the memory 1425 may contain, among other things, a basic input/output system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware and/or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
  • BIOS basic input/output system
  • Software 1430 may include code to implement aspects of the present disclosure, including code to support efficient channel coding of system information.
  • Software 1430 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or other memory. In some cases, the software 1430 may not be directly executable by the processor but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein.
  • Transceiver 1435 may communicate bi-directionally, via one or more antennas, wired, or wireless links as described above.
  • the transceiver 1435 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver.
  • the transceiver 1435 may also include a modem to modulate the packets and provide the modulated packets to the antennas for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the antennas.
  • the wireless device may include a single antenna 1440. However, in some cases the device may have more than one antenna 1440, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions.
  • Network communications manager 1445 may manage communications with the core network (e.g., via one or more wired backhaul links) .
  • the network communications manager 1445 may manage the transfer of data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs 115.
  • Inter-station communications manager 1450 may manage communications with other base station 105, and may include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with UEs 115 in cooperation with other base stations 105. For example, the inter-station communications manager 1450 may coordinate scheduling for transmissions to UEs 115 for various interference mitigation techniques such as beamforming or joint transmission. In some examples, inter-station communications manager 1450 may provide an X2 interface within an LTE/LTE-A wireless communication network technology to provide communication between base stations 105.
  • FIG. 15 shows a block diagram 1500 of a wireless device 1505 that supports efficient channel coding of system information in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Wireless device 1505 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 as described with reference to FIG. 1.
  • Wireless device 1505 may include receiver 1510, UE communications manager 1515, and transmitter 1520.
  • Wireless device 1505 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
  • Receiver 1510 may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to channel coding for PBCH using polar coding, etc. ) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device.
  • the receiver 1510 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 1835 described with reference to FIG. 18.
  • the receiver 1510 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.
  • UE communications manager 1515 may be an example of aspects of the UE communications manager 1815 described with reference to FIG. 18.
  • UE communications manager 1515 and/or at least some of its various sub-components may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions of the UE communications manager 1515 and/or at least some of its various sub-components may be executed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described in the present disclosure.
  • the UE communications manager 1515 and/or at least some of its various sub-components may be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations by one or more physical devices.
  • UE communications manager 1515 and/or at least some of its various sub-components may be a separate and distinct component in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
  • UE communications manager 1515 and/or at least some of its various sub-components may be combined with one or more other hardware components, including but not limited to an I/O component, a transceiver, a network server, another computing device, one or more other components described in the present disclosure, or a combination thereof in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
  • UE communications manager 1515 may receive, over a set of frames, one or more system information signals via a carrier, the one or more system information signals encoded using a polar code, obtain, for a first frame of the set of frames, a first receive signal vector according to the polar code, and obtain a first set of candidate paths of the first receive signal vector.
  • UE communications manager 1515 may perform a first error checking function on a payload of the first set of candidate paths based on check bits of the first set of candidate paths, where the payload includes a first subset of bits of respective frame numbers for frames of the set of frames, and identify a second subset of bits of the respective frame numbers based on a result of the first error checking function.
  • Transmitter 1520 may transmit signals generated by other components of the device.
  • the transmitter 1520 may be collocated with a receiver 1510 in a transceiver module.
  • the transmitter 1520 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 1835 described with reference to FIG. 18.
  • the transmitter 1520 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.
  • FIG. 16 shows a block diagram 1600 of a wireless device 1605 that supports efficient channel coding of system information in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Wireless device 1605 may be an example of aspects of a wireless device 1505 or a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 and 15.
  • Wireless device 1605 may include receiver 1610, UE communications manager 1615, and transmitter 1620.
  • Wireless device 1605 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
  • Receiver 1610 may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to efficient channel coding of system information, etc. ) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device.
  • the receiver 1610 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 1835 described with reference to FIG. 18.
  • the receiver 1610 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.
  • UE communications manager 1615 may be an example of aspects of the UE communications manager 1815 described with reference to FIG. 18. UE communications manager 1615 may also include system information component 1625, receive signal vector component 1630, candidate path component 1635, error checking component 1640, and bit identification component 1645.
  • System information component 1625 may receive, over a set of frames, one or more system information signals via a carrier, the one or more system information signals encoded using a polar code.
  • Receive signal vector component 1630 may obtain, for a first frame of the set of frames, a first receive signal vector according to the polar code, obtain, for a second frame of the set of frames, a second receive signal vector according to the polar code, and obtain, for a third frame of the set of frames, a third receive signal vector according to the polar code.
  • Candidate path component 1635 may obtain a first set of candidate paths of the first receive signal vector.
  • Error checking component 1640 may perform a first error checking function on a payload of the first set of candidate paths based on check bits of the first set of candidate paths, where the payload includes a first subset of bits of respective frame numbers for frames of the set of frames. In some cases, error checking component 1640 may determine that the first error checking function on the payload was unsuccessful and perform a second error checking function on a second payload of a second set of candidate paths determined from a result of the first combining function based on a second set of check bits of the second set of candidate paths. Additionally, error checking component 1640 may determine that the second error checking function on the second payload of the second set of candidate paths was unsuccessful. In some examples, error checking component 1640 may determine that the first error checking function on the payload was successful. In some cases, the payload includes an MIB. Bit identification component 1740 may identify a second subset of bits of the respective frame numbers based on a result of the first error checking function.
  • Transmitter 1620 may transmit signals generated by other components of the device.
  • the transmitter 1620 may be collocated with a receiver 1610 in a transceiver module.
  • the transmitter 1620 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 1835 described with reference to FIG. 18.
  • the transmitter 1620 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.
  • FIG. 17 shows a block diagram 1700 of a UE communications manager 1715 that supports efficient channel coding of system information in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the UE communications manager 1715 may be an example of aspects of a UE communications manager 1815 described with reference to FIGs. 15, 16, and 18.
  • the UE communications manager 1715 may include system information component 1720, receive signal vector component 1725, candidate path component 1730, error checking component 1735, bit identification component 1740, combining function component 1745, bit fixing component 1750, and decoding component 1755. Each of these modules may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
  • System information component 1720 may receive, over a set of frames, one or more system information signals via a carrier, the one or more system information signals encoded using a polar code.
  • Receive signal vector component 1725 may obtain, for a first frame of the set of frames, a first receive signal vector according to the polar code, obtain, for a second frame of the set of frames, a second receive signal vector according to the polar code, and obtain, for a third frame of the set of frames, a third receive signal vector according to the polar code.
  • Candidate path component 1730 may obtain a first set of candidate paths of the first receive signal vector.
  • Error checking component 1735 may perform a first error checking function on a payload of the first set of candidate paths based on check bits of the first set of candidate paths, where the payload includes a first subset of bits of respective frame numbers for frames of the set of frames. In some cases, error checking component 1735 may determine that the first error checking function on the payload was unsuccessful and perform a second error checking function on a second payload of a second set of candidate paths determined from a result of the first combining function based on a second set of check bits of the second set of candidate paths. Additionally, error checking component 1735 may determine that the second error checking function on the second payload of the second set of candidate paths was unsuccessful. In some examples, error checking component 1735 may determine that the first error checking function on the payload was successful. In some cases, the payload includes an MIB. Bit identification component 1740 may identify a second subset of bits of the respective frame numbers based on a result of the first error checking function.
  • Combining function component 1745 may perform a first combining function for the first receive signal vector and the second receive signal vector, where a selection of the first combining function from a first set of combining functions is based on the determination and the second subset of bits of the first receive signal vector.
  • combining function component 1745 may determine a first binary sequence based on a first row of a generator matrix corresponding to a location index for a first bit of the second subset of bits and determine a second binary sequence based on a second row of the generator matrix corresponding to a second location index for a second bit of the second subset of bits, where the first set of combining functions includes the second receive signal vector, addition of the second receive signal vector to the second binary sequence applied to the first receive signal vector, addition of the second receive signal vector to the first binary sequence applied to the first receive signal vector, or any combination thereof.
  • combining function component 1745 may perform a second combining function for the first receive signal vector, the second receive signal vector, and the third receive signal vector, where a selection of the second combining function from a second set of combining functions is based on the determination based on the second error checking function and the second subset of bits corresponding to the first receive signal vector.
  • performing the first combining function includes identifying a decoding order associated with the first set of combining functions, where the decoding order is based on the identified second subset of bits.
  • each element of the first binary sequence and each element of the second binary sequence is a value of one or negative one.
  • the second combining function includes the third receive signal vector, addition of the third receive signal vector to the first combining function applied to the second binary sequence, addition of the third receive signal vector to the first combining function applied to the first binary sequence, or any combination thereof.
  • Bit fixing component 1750 may fix a set of bits corresponding to the payload and the check bits as frozen bits.
  • Decoding component 1755 may perform a successive cancellation list decoding of the receive signal vector based on the frozen bits to identify the second subset of bits.
  • the second subset of bits include LSBs of the respective frame numbers.
  • the first subset of bits may include the most significant bits of the respective frame numbers.
  • FIG. 18 shows a diagram of a system 1800 including a device 1805 that supports efficient channel coding of system information in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Device 1805 may be an example of or include the components of UE 115 as described above, e.g., with reference to FIG. 1.
  • Device 1805 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, including UE communications manager 1815, processor 1820, memory 1825, software 1830, transceiver 1835, antenna 1840, and I/O controller 1845. These components may be in electronic communication via one or more busses (e.g., bus 1810) .
  • Device 1805 may communicate wirelessly with one or more base stations 105.
  • Processor 1820 may include an intelligent hardware device, (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) .
  • processor 1820 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller.
  • a memory controller may be integrated into processor 1820.
  • Processor 1820 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting efficient channel coding of system information) .
  • Memory 1825 may include RAM and ROM.
  • the memory 1825 may store computer-readable, computer-executable software 1830 including instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to perform various functions described herein.
  • the memory 1825 may contain, among other things, a BIOS which may control basic hardware and/or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
  • Software 1830 may include code to implement aspects of the present disclosure, including code to support efficient channel coding of system information.
  • Software 1830 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or other memory. In some cases, the software 1830 may not be directly executable by the processor but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein.
  • Transceiver 1835 may communicate bi-directionally, via one or more antennas, wired, or wireless links as described above.
  • the transceiver 1835 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver.
  • the transceiver 1835 may also include a modem to modulate the packets and provide the modulated packets to the antennas for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the antennas.
  • the wireless device may include a single antenna 1840. However, in some cases the device may have more than one antenna 1840, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions.
  • I/O controller 1845 may manage input and output signals for device 1805. I/O controller 1845 may also manage peripherals not integrated into device 1805. In some cases, I/O controller 1845 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, I/O controller 1845 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In other cases, I/O controller 1845 may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, I/O controller 1845 may be implemented as part of a processor. In some cases, a user may interact with device 1805 via I/O controller 1845 or via hardware components controlled by I/O controller 1845.
  • FIG. 19 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1900 for efficient channel coding of system information in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the operations of method 1900 may be implemented by a transmitting device, such as a base station 105, or its components as described herein.
  • the operations of method 1900 may be performed by a base station communications manager as described with reference to FIGs. 11 through 14.
  • a base station 105 may execute a set of codes to control the functional elements of the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the base station 105 may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware.
  • the base station 105 may identify system information for a carrier, the system information comprising respective frame numbers for each frame of a set of frames.
  • the operations of block 1905 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 1905 may be performed by a system information manager as described with reference to FIGs. 11 through 14.
  • the base station 105 may perform, for the set of frames, an error checking encoding of a first subset of bits of the respective frame numbers to obtain a set of check bits for the set of frames.
  • the operations of block 1910 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 1910 may be performed by a encoding component as described with reference to FIGs. 11 through 14.
  • the base station 105 may obtain, for the each frame of the set of frames, an information bit vector comprising the first subset of bits, the set of check bits, and a second subset of bits of the respective frame numbers.
  • the operations of block 1915 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 1915 may be performed by an information bit vector manager as described with reference to FIGs. 11 through 14.
  • the base station 105 may encode, for the each frame, the information bit vector using a polar code to obtain a codeword.
  • the operations of block 1920 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 1920 may be performed by a encoding component as described with reference to FIGs. 11 through 14.
  • the base station 105 may transmit, for the each frame, a system information signal comprising the codeword via the carrier.
  • the operations of block 1925 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 1925 may be performed by a system information manager as described with reference to FIGs. 11 through 14.
  • FIG. 20 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 2000 for efficient channel coding of system information in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the operations of method 2000 may be implemented by a transmitting device, such as a base station 105, or its components as described herein.
  • the operations of method 2000 may be performed by a base station communications manager as described with reference to FIGs. 11 through 14.
  • a base station 105 may execute a set of codes to control the functional elements of the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the base station 105 may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware.
  • the base station 105 may identify system information for a carrier, the system information comprising respective frame numbers for each frame of a set of frames.
  • the operations of block 2005 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 2005 may be performed by a system information manager as described with reference to FIGs. 11 through 14.
  • the base station 105 may perform, for the set of frames, an error checking encoding of a first subset of bits of the respective frame numbers to obtain a set of check bits for the set of frames.
  • the operations of block 2010 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 2010 may be performed by a encoding component as described with reference to FIGs. 11 through 14.
  • the base station 105 may obtain, for the each frame of the set of frames, an information bit vector comprising the first subset of bits, the set of check bits, and a second subset of bits of the respective frame numbers.
  • the operations of block 2015 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 2015 may be performed by an information bit vector manager as described with reference to FIGs. 11 through 14.
  • the base station 105 may encode, for the each frame, the information bit vector using a polar code to obtain a codeword.
  • the operations of block 2020 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 2020 may be performed by a encoding component as described with reference to FIGs. 11 through 14.
  • the base station 105 may generate a repetition of the codeword using a repetition code.
  • the operations of block 2025 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 2025 may be performed by a repetition component as described with reference to FIGs. 11 through 14.
  • the base station 105 may scramble the codeword for each frame using a scrambling code having a single phase.
  • the operations of block 2030 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 2030 may be performed by a scrambler as described with reference to FIGs. 11 through 14.
  • the base station 105 may transmit, for the each frame, a system information signal comprising the codeword via the carrier.
  • the operations of block 2035 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 2035 may be performed by a system information manager as described with reference to FIGs. 11 through 14.
  • FIG. 21 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 2100 for efficient channel coding of system information in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the operations of method 2100 may be implemented by a transmitting device, such as a base station 105, or its components as described herein.
  • the operations of method 2100 may be performed by a base station communications manager as described with reference to FIGs. 11 through 14.
  • a base station 105 may execute a set of codes to control the functional elements of the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the base station 105 may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware.
  • the base station 105 may identify system information for a carrier, the system information comprising respective frame numbers for each frame of a set of frames.
  • the operations of block 2105 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 2105 may be performed by a system information manager as described with reference to FIGs. 11 through 14.
  • the base station 105 may perform, for the set of frames, an error checking encoding of a first subset of bits of the respective frame numbers to obtain a set of check bits for the set of frames.
  • the operations of block 2110 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 2110 may be performed by a encoding component as described with reference to FIGs. 11 through 14.
  • the base station 105 may obtain, for the each frame of the set of frames, an information bit vector comprising the first subset of bits, the set of check bits, and a second subset of bits of the respective frame numbers.
  • the operations of block 2115 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 2115 may be performed by an information bit vector manager as described with reference to FIGs. 11 through 14.
  • the base station 105 may determine a decoding order of a set of sub-channels of the polar code.
  • the operations of block 2120 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 2120 may be performed by a sub-channel manager as described with reference to FIGs. 11 through 14.
  • the base station 105 may puncture a first subset of sub-channels within the set of sub-channels, the first subset of sub-channels comprising a temporally first portion of the set of sub-channels according to the decoding order.
  • the operations of block 2125 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 2125 may be performed by a sub-channel manager as described with reference to FIGs. 11 through 14.
  • the base station 105 may sort a second portion of the set of sub-channels based on a decoding reliability associated with respective sub-channels of the second portion of the set of sub-channels.
  • the operations of block 2130 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 2130 may be performed by a sub-channel manager as described with reference to FIGs. 11 through 14.
  • the base station 105 may map the second subset of bits, a payload of the system information signal comprising the first subset of bits and the set of check bits, and a third set of bits to the respective sub-channels to generate the polar code.
  • the operations of block 2135 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 2135 may be performed by a mapper as described with reference to FIGs. 11 through 14.
  • the base station 105 may encode, for the each frame, the information bit vector using the polar code to obtain a codeword.
  • the operations of block 2140 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 2140 may be performed by a encoding component as described with reference to FIGs. 11 through 14.
  • the base station 105 may transmit, for the each frame, a system information signal comprising the codeword via the carrier.
  • the operations of block 2145 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 2145 may be performed by a system information manager as described with reference to FIGs. 11 through 14.
  • FIG. 22 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 2200 for efficient channel coding of system information in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the operations of method 2200 may be implemented by a receiving device, such as a UE 115, or its components as described herein.
  • the operations of method 2200 may be performed by a UE communications manager as described with reference to FIGs. 15 through 18.
  • a UE 115 may execute a set of codes to control the functional elements of the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the UE 115 may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware.
  • the UE 115 may receive, over a set of frames, one or more system information signals via a carrier, the one or more system information signals encoded using a polar code.
  • the operations of block 2205 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 2205 may be performed by a system information component as described with reference to FIGs. 15 through 18.
  • the UE 115 may obtain, for a first frame of the set of frames, a first receive signal vector according to the polar code.
  • the operations of block 2210 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 2210 may be performed by a receive signal vector component as described with reference to FIGs. 15 through 18.
  • the UE 115 may obtain a first set of candidate paths of the first receive signal vector.
  • the operations of block 2215 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 2215 may be performed by a candidate path component as described with reference to FIGs. 15 through 18.
  • the UE 115 may perform a first error checking function on a payload of the first set of candidate paths based on check bits of the first set of candidate paths, wherein the payload comprises a first subset of bits of respective frame numbers for frames of the set of frames.
  • the operations of block 2220 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 2220 may be performed by an error checking component as described with reference to FIGs. 15 through 18.
  • the UE 115 may identify a second subset of bits of the respective frame numbers based at least in part on a result of the first error checking function.
  • the operations of block 2225 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 2225 may be performed by a bit identification component as described with reference to FIGs. 15 through 18.
  • FIG. 23 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 2300 for efficient channel coding of system information in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the operations of method 2300 may be implemented by a receiving device, such as a UE 115, or its components as described herein.
  • the operations of method 2300 may be performed by a UE communications manager as described with reference to FIGs. 15 through 18.
  • a UE 115 may execute a set of codes to control the functional elements of the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the UE 115 may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware.
  • the UE 115 may receive, over a set of frames, one or more system information signals via a carrier, the one or more system information signals encoded using a polar code.
  • the operations of block 2305 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 2305 may be performed by a system information component as described with reference to FIGs. 15 through 18.
  • the UE 115 may obtain, for a first frame of the set of frames, a first receive signal vector according to the polar code.
  • the operations of block 2310 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 2310 may be performed by a receive signal vector component as described with reference to FIGs. 15 through 18.
  • the UE 115 may obtain a first set of candidate paths of the first receive signal vector.
  • the operations of block 2315 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 2315 may be performed by a candidate path component as described with reference to FIGs. 15 through 18.
  • the UE 115 may perform a first error checking function on a payload of the first set of candidate paths based on check bits of the first set of candidate paths, wherein the payload comprises a first subset of bits of respective frame numbers for frames of the set of frames.
  • the operations of block 2320 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 2320 may be performed by an error checking component as described with reference to FIGs. 15 through 18.
  • the UE 115 may identify a second subset of bits of the respective frame numbers based at least in part on a result of the first error checking function.
  • the operations of block 2325 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 2325 may be performed by a bit identification component as described with reference to FIGs. 15 through 18.
  • the UE 115 may determine that the first error checking function on the payload was unsuccessful.
  • the operations of block 2325 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 2325 may be performed by an error checking component as described with reference to FIGs. 15 through 18.
  • the UE 115 may obtain, for a second frame of the set of frames, a second receive signal vector according to the polar code.
  • the operations of block 2330 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 2330 may be performed by a receive signal vector component as described with reference to FIGs. 15 through 18.
  • the UE 115 may perform a first combining function for the first receive signal vector and the second receive signal vector, wherein a selection of the first combining function from a first set of combining functions is based at least in part on the determination and the second subset of bits of the first receive signal vector.
  • the operations of block 2335 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 2335 may be performed by a combining function component as described with reference to FIGs. 15 through 18.
  • the UE 115 may perform a second error checking function on a second payload of a second set of candidate paths determined from a result of the first combining function based on a second set of check bits of the second set of candidate paths.
  • the operations of block 2340 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 2340 may be performed by an error checking component as described with reference to FIGs. 15 through 18.
  • the UE 115 may identify a second subset of bits of the respective frame numbers based at least in part on a result of the second error checking function.
  • the operations of block 2345 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 2345 may be performed by a bit identification component as described with reference to FIGs. 15 through 18.
  • FIG. 24 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 2400 for efficient channel coding of system information in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the operations of method 2400 may be implemented by a receiving device, such as a UE 115, or its components as described herein.
  • the operations of method 2400 may be performed by a UE communications manager as described with reference to FIGs. 15 through 18.
  • a UE 115 may execute a set of codes to control the functional elements of the device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the UE 115 may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware.
  • the UE 115 may receive, over a set of frames, one or more system information signals via a carrier, the one or more system information signals encoded using a polar code.
  • the operations of block 2405 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 2405 may be performed by a system information component as described with reference to FIGs. 15 through 18.
  • the UE 115 may obtain, for a first frame of the set of frames, a first receive signal vector according to the polar code.
  • the operations of block 2410 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 2410 may be performed by a receive signal vector component as described with reference to FIGs. 15 through 18.
  • the UE 115 may obtain a first set of candidate paths of the first receive signal vector.
  • the operations of block 2415 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 2415 may be performed by a candidate path component as described with reference to FIGs. 15 through 18.
  • the UE 115 may perform a first error checking function on a payload of the first set of candidate paths based on check bits of the first set of candidate paths, wherein the payload comprises a first subset of bits of respective frame numbers for frames of the set of frames.
  • the operations of block 2420 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 2420 may be performed by an error checking component as described with reference to FIGs. 15 through 18.
  • the UE 115 may determine that the first error checking function on the payload was successful.
  • the operations of block 2425 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 2425 may be performed by an error checking component as described with reference to FIGs. 15 through 18.
  • the UE 115 may fix a set of bits corresponding to the payload and the check bits as frozen bits.
  • the operations of block 2430 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 2430 may be performed by a bit fixing component as described with reference to FIGs. 15 through 18.
  • the UE 115 may perform a successive cancellation list decoding of the receive signal vector based at least in part on the frozen bits to identify the second subset of bits.
  • the operations of block 2435 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 2435 may be performed by a decoding component as described with reference to FIGs. 15 through 18.
  • the UE 115 may identify a second subset of bits of the respective frame numbers based at least in part on a result of the first error checking function.
  • the operations of block 2440 may be performed according to the methods described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 10. In certain examples, aspects of the operations of block 2440 may be performed by a bit identification component as described with reference to FIGs. 15 through 18.
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • TDMA time division multiple access
  • FDMA frequency division multiple access
  • OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access
  • SC-FDMA single carrier frequency division multiple access
  • a CDMA system may implement a radio technology such as CDMA2000, Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) , etc.
  • CDMA2000 covers IS-2000, IS-95, and IS-856 standards.
  • IS-2000 Releases may be commonly referred to as CDMA2000 1X, 1X, etc.
  • IS-856 (TIA-856) is commonly referred to as CDMA2000 1xEV-DO, High Rate Packet Data (HRPD) , etc.
  • UTRA includes Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) and other variants of CDMA.
  • WCDMA Wideband CDMA
  • a TDMA system may implement a radio technology such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) .
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
  • An OFDMA system may implement a radio technology such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) , Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, etc.
  • UMB Ultra Mobile Broadband
  • E-UTRA Evolved UTRA
  • IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
  • Wi-Fi Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
  • WiMAX IEEE 802.16
  • IEEE 802.20 Flash-OFDM
  • UTRA and E-UTRA are part of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) .
  • LTE and LTE-A are releases of UMTS that use E-UTRA.
  • UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, LTE-A, NR, and GSM are described in documents from the organization named “3rd Generation Partnership Project” (3GPP) .
  • 3GPP 3rd Generation
  • CDMA2000 and UMB are described in documents from an organization named “3rd Generation Partnership Project 2” (3GPP2) .
  • 3GPP2 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2
  • the techniques described herein may be used for the systems and radio technologies mentioned above as well as other systems and radio technologies. While aspects of an LTE or an NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE or NR applications.
  • the term evolved node B may be generally used to describe the base stations.
  • the wireless communications system or systems described herein may include a heterogeneous LTE/LTE-A or NR network in which different types of eNBs provide coverage for various geographical regions.
  • each eNB, next generation NodeB (gNB) , or base station may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a small cell, or other types of cell.
  • the term “cell” may be used to describe a base station, a carrier or component carrier associated with a base station, or a coverage area (e.g., sector, etc. ) of a carrier or base station, depending on context.
  • Base stations may include or may be referred to by those skilled in the art as a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, eNodeB (eNB) , gNB, Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or some other suitable terminology.
  • the geographic coverage area for a base station may be divided into sectors making up only a portion of the coverage area.
  • the wireless communications system or systems described herein may include base stations of different types (e.g., macro or small cell base stations) .
  • the UEs described herein may be able to communicate with various types of base stations and network equipment including macro eNBs, small cell eNBs, gNBs, relay base stations, and the like. There may be overlapping geographic coverage areas for different technologies.
  • a macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions with the network provider.
  • a small cell is a lower-powered base station, as compared with a macro cell, that may operate in the same or different (e.g., licensed, unlicensed, etc. ) frequency bands as macro cells.
  • Small cells may include pico cells, femto cells, and micro cells according to various examples.
  • a pico cell for example, may cover a small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions with the network provider.
  • a femto cell may also cover a small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may provide restricted access by UEs having an association with the femto cell (e.g., UEs in a closed subscriber group (CSG) , UEs for users in the home, and the like) .
  • An eNB for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro eNB.
  • An eNB for a small cell may be referred to as a small cell eNB, a pico eNB, a femto eNB, or a home eNB.
  • An eNB may support one or multiple (e.g., two, three, four, and the like) cells (e.g., component carriers) .
  • the wireless communications system or systems described herein may support synchronous or asynchronous operation.
  • the base stations may have similar frame timing, and transmissions from different base stations may be approximately aligned in time.
  • the base stations may have different frame timing, and transmissions from different base stations may not be aligned in time.
  • the techniques described herein may be used for either synchronous or asynchronous operations.
  • Each communication link described herein including, for example, wireless communications system 100 of FIG. 1—may include one or more carriers, where each carrier may be a signal made up of multiple sub-carriers (e.g., waveform signals of different frequencies) .
  • Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques.
  • data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine.
  • a processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration) .
  • the functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described above can be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
  • Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another.
  • a non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer.
  • non-transitory computer-readable media may comprise RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM) , compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read only memory
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read only memory
  • CD compact disk
  • magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices or any other non-transitory medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or
  • any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium.
  • the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) , or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave
  • the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium.
  • Disk and disc include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des procédés, des systèmes, et des dispositifs de communication sans fil. Un codeur/décodeur peut coder et décoder efficacement des informations système via un codage polaire, une répétition, et une utilisation de codes d'embrouillage. Par exemple, un dispositif de transmission peut identifier des informations système comprenant des numéros de trame pour un ensemble de trames. Le codeur peut exécuter un codage avec contrôle des erreurs d'un sous-ensemble de bits des numéros de trames respectifs, et peut obtenir un vecteur de bits d'informations qui comprend le sous-ensemble codé de bits, un ensemble de bits de contrôle, et un autre sous-ensemble de bits des numéros de trame (des bits les moins significatifs, par ex.). Un mot codé peut être obtenu en codant le vecteur de bits d'informations à l'aide d'un code polaire, et peut être transmis à un dispositif de réception. Au dispositif de réception, un décodeur peut obtenir des trajets candidats d'un vecteur de signal de réception, exécuter une ou plusieurs fonctions de contrôle des erreurs afin de récupérer les bits les moins significatifs des numéros de trame respectifs.
PCT/CN2017/077864 2017-03-23 2017-03-23 Codage de canal efficace pour un canal de diffusion physique (pbch) Ceased WO2018170832A1 (fr)

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