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WO2018173348A1 - 低温タンク及びその製造方法 - Google Patents

低温タンク及びその製造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018173348A1
WO2018173348A1 PCT/JP2017/038483 JP2017038483W WO2018173348A1 WO 2018173348 A1 WO2018173348 A1 WO 2018173348A1 JP 2017038483 W JP2017038483 W JP 2017038483W WO 2018173348 A1 WO2018173348 A1 WO 2018173348A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wall member
metal liner
low
filler
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2017/038483
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
石川　康弘
初男 森
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IHI Corp
Original Assignee
IHI Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by IHI Corp filed Critical IHI Corp
Priority to RU2019132639A priority Critical patent/RU2717931C1/ru
Priority to EP17901669.6A priority patent/EP3556688B1/en
Priority to JP2019506932A priority patent/JP6766948B2/ja
Publication of WO2018173348A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018173348A1/ja
Priority to US16/451,220 priority patent/US11073243B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/005—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for medium-size and small storage vessels not under pressure
    • F17C13/006—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for medium-size and small storage vessels not under pressure for Dewar vessels or cryostats
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D3/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers having bodies or peripheral walls of curved or partially-curved cross-section made by winding or bending paper without folding along defined lines
    • B65D3/22—Rigid or semi-rigid containers having bodies or peripheral walls of curved or partially-curved cross-section made by winding or bending paper without folding along defined lines with double walls; with walls incorporating air-chambers; with walls made of laminated material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/02—Large containers rigid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03—Orientation
    • F17C2201/032—Orientation with substantially vertical main axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0604—Liners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F17C2203/0619—Single wall with two layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0646—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0648—Alloys or compositions of metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/066—Plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/068—Special properties of materials for vessel walls
    • F17C2203/0685—Special properties of materials for vessel walls flexible
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/21—Shaping processes
    • F17C2209/2154—Winding
    • F17C2209/2163—Winding with a mandrel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/21—Shaping processes
    • F17C2209/2181—Metal working processes, e.g. deep drawing, stamping or cutting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/011—Oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/014—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/016—Noble gases (Ar, Kr, Xe)
    • F17C2221/017—Helium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F17C2270/0107—Wall panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0186—Applications for fluid transport or storage in the air or in space
    • F17C2270/0197—Rockets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
    • F17D1/02—Pipe-line systems for gases or vapours
    • F17D1/04—Pipe-line systems for gases or vapours for distribution of gas
    • F17D1/05—Preventing freezing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a cryogenic tank for storing a cryogenic liquid and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a tank for storing a cryogenic liquid. This tank includes a tank body formed of a metal liner and a composite material wound around the tank body.
  • the linear expansion coefficient of the metal liner and the linear expansion coefficient of the composite material such as carbon fiber reinforced plastic are greatly different. Therefore, when these are used in combination as a constituent member of a low temperature tank for storing a cryogenic liquid, the metal liner may be peeled off from the composite material due to thermal contraction or thermal expansion accompanying the filling or consumption of the liquid.
  • the present disclosure has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present disclosure is to provide a low-temperature tank that can prevent a metal liner that is a constituent member of a container from peeling from a composite material, and a method for manufacturing the same.
  • 1st aspect of this indication is a low temperature tank, Comprising: The container main body containing the metal liner which forms the storage space of a low temperature tank, and the wall member which consists of a fiber reinforced plastic wound around the outer peripheral surface of the said metal liner is provided.
  • the metal liner includes a curved portion that extends in two directions intersecting each other on the surface of the metal liner and curves so as to protrude toward the storage space.
  • the low temperature tank may further include a filler filled between the curved portion and the wall member.
  • a second aspect of the present disclosure is a method of manufacturing a cryogenic tank, wherein a metal liner including a curved portion that extends in two directions intersecting each other on a surface thereof and curves so as to protrude toward a mandrel is provided on the mandrel. Winding a wall member made of fiber reinforced plastic around the outer peripheral surface of the metal liner wound around the mandrel, sintering the wall member, and removing the mandrel from the metal liner.
  • the manufacturing method may further include filling the curved portion with a filler.
  • the filler may be made of an elastic body that maintains the shape at the time of filling at the sintering temperature of the wall member.
  • the filler may be made of a material that maintains a shape when filled at room temperature and contracts below the sintering temperature of the wall member.
  • the metal liner may have a concavo-convex structure in a portion to be bonded to the wall member.
  • a low-temperature tank that can prevent a metal liner that is a constituent member of a container from peeling from a wall member, and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • FIG. 1 It is a sectional view and a partial enlarged view of a cryogenic tank concerning an embodiment of this indication.
  • (A) is the elements on larger scale of the metal liner which concerns on embodiment of this indication
  • (b) is sectional drawing which shows expansion / contraction of a metal liner and a wall member. It is a figure showing a manufacturing process of a cryogenic tank concerning an embodiment of this indication.
  • (A) is a modification of the low temperature tank concerning the embodiment of this indication
  • (b) is a figure showing the manufacturing process of the modification. It is a figure which shows the modification of the metal liner which concerns on embodiment of this indication, (a) is a 1st modification, (b) is a figure which shows a 2nd modification.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view and a partially enlarged view of a cryogenic tank according to this embodiment.
  • the low temperature tank of the present embodiment is mounted on a flying object such as a rocket.
  • the application target of the low-temperature tank of the present embodiment is not limited to the flying object, and can be applied to vehicles, ships, storage facilities, and the like. Therefore, the cryogenic liquid stored (accommodated) by the cryogenic tank of the present embodiment is not limited to propellants such as liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen, and liquefied natural gas, and may be general-purpose refrigerants such as liquid nitrogen and liquid helium. .
  • the low temperature tank includes a hollow container body 10.
  • the container body 10 has base parts 11 and 11 for injecting or discharging a liquid at the upper part and the lower part, for example.
  • the base parts 11 and 11 are joined to a metal liner 13 described later by welding or the like.
  • the container body 10 includes a metal liner 13 that forms a liquid storage space 12 in a low-temperature tank, and a wall member 14 that is wound around the outer peripheral surface 13 a of the metal liner 13.
  • the metal liner 13 prevents liquid leakage from the storage space 12.
  • the wall member 14 maintains the shape of the metal liner 13 and ensures the mechanical strength of the entire low-temperature tank.
  • the metal liner 13 is a thin metal plate. It is desirable that the metal liner 13 is lightweight and has an appropriate spreadability. Therefore, the material of the metal liner 13 is, for example, aluminum, magnesium, and an alloy containing at least one of these metals. The thickness of the metal liner 13 is set according to the required weight and workability, and is set to about 0.5 mm, for example.
  • the wall member 14 is made of a composite material (that is, fiber-reinforced plastic) containing a resin as a matrix and fibers impregnated in the resin. Since the matrix before sintering is sticky, it adheres to the outer peripheral surface 13a of the metal liner 13. The composite is then sintered, so that the container body 10 has a double wall structure of wall members 14 and metal liners 13.
  • a composite material that is, fiber-reinforced plastic
  • the composite fiber should be lightweight, have sufficient strength even at extremely low temperatures, and be chemically stable.
  • the fibers satisfying such conditions are, for example, carbon fibers, aramid fibers, and silicon carbide fibers.
  • the composite material is preferably a carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) having the highest strength. However, as long as the above conditions are satisfied, the composite material may be another fiber reinforced plastic (FRP).
  • the metal liner 13 has a curved portion 13b and an adhesive portion 13c.
  • the curved portion 13 b is curved so as to extend in two directions intersecting with each other on the surface of the metal liner 13 and protrude toward the storage space 12. In other words, the curved portion 13 b is curved so as to protrude toward the inside of the container body 10.
  • the curved portion 13b is formed, for example, by pressing the metal liner 13.
  • the bonding portion 13c is a portion (surface) other than the curved portion 13b in the metal liner 13, and is, for example, a smooth flat surface or a curved surface.
  • the adhesive portion 13 c connects the curved portions 13 b adjacent to each other and adheres to the wall member 14 by winding the wall member 14.
  • the linear expansion coefficient of metal and the linear expansion coefficient of composite material are greatly different. Specifically, the linear expansion coefficient of metal is about one digit larger than the linear expansion coefficient of the composite material. Therefore, when the low temperature tank repeats thermal contraction and thermal expansion with the filling and consumption of the cryogenic liquid, the metal liner 13 may be peeled off from the wall member 14 due to the repeated thermal contraction and thermal expansion. In the present embodiment, the bonding portion 13 c may be peeled off from the wall member 14.
  • the bending portion 13b relieves the internal stress of the metal liner 13 that promotes peeling by deformation of itself.
  • the curved portion 13 b is not bonded to the wall member 14. Therefore, when the container main body 10 is thermally expanded or contracted, the bending portion 13b can be deformed (expanded and contracted) without receiving interference due to adhesion with the wall member 14. As a result, the stress generated in the joint portion (joint region) between the metal liner 13 and the wall member 14 is relieved, and the metal liner 13 can be prevented from peeling from the wall member 14 (see FIG. 2B).
  • the extending directions are, for example, the ⁇ direction (polar direction) and the ⁇ direction (azimuth direction) when the rotational symmetry axis (center axis) of the low-temperature tank is aligned with the reference axis of the polar coordinate system (see FIG. 1).
  • the two stretching directions are orthogonal.
  • the angle formed by the two intersecting directions may not be 90 °.
  • FIG. 3A to FIG. 3D are diagrams showing the manufacturing process of the cryogenic tank according to the present embodiment.
  • the low temperature tank of the present embodiment is manufactured using, for example, a mandrel (cylindrical member) 20.
  • the metal liner 13 is wound around the mandrel 20 (step S1).
  • the curved portion 13 b needs to be curved so as to protrude toward the storage space 12. Therefore, the metal liner 13 is wound around the outer peripheral surface of the mandrel 20 so that the curved portion 13 b protrudes toward the mandrel 20.
  • the edges of the metal liners 13 that are in contact with each other during winding are joined by welding or the like.
  • the wall member 14 is wound around the outer peripheral surface 13a of the metal liner 13 wound around the mandrel 20 (step S2).
  • the wall member 14 is not yet heated, and the matrix of the composite material constituting the wall member 14 is not solidified. Accordingly, the wall member 14 has adhesiveness, and the first-layer composite material is bonded to the bonding portion 13 c of the metal liner 13.
  • the composite material of the wall member 14 is wound around the outer peripheral surface 13a of the metal liner 13 a plurality of times until a predetermined strength is obtained within an allowable weight range (see FIG. 3C).
  • the winding direction of the composite material may be changed every predetermined number of turns (number of layers). Thereby, since the longitudinal (stretching) directions of the fibers viewed from the thickness direction of the wall member 14 intersect each other, the strength of the wall member 14 is improved.
  • the wall member 14 wound around the metal liner 13 is sintered by a predetermined burner or a heating furnace (step S3).
  • the temperature at this time is a temperature at which the matrix is solidified, for example, 300 ° C. Thereby, the matrix of the composite material which comprises the wall member 14 is solidified, and the whole shape is maintained.
  • the wall member 14 is allowed to cool after sintering, for example, until it reaches room temperature. Along with the shrinkage at the time of cooling, a large number of extremely small gaps (cracks) are formed in the wall member 14. Thereby, the air permeability of the wall member 14 is obtained. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 3D, the mandrel 20 is removed from the metal liner 13 (step S4). Further, the base 11 and the like are joined to form a low-temperature tank. Depending on the shape and size of the cryogenic tank, the metal liner and the wall member that have undergone the above-described steps may be further joined.
  • FIG. 4A is a modified example of the cryogenic tank according to the embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating a manufacturing process of the modified example.
  • the low temperature tank may further include a filler 15 filled between the curved portion 13 b and the wall member 14.
  • the matrix of the composite material constituting the wall member 14 is not solidified. Therefore, there is a possibility that the matrix flows into the curved portion 13b of the metal liner 13. Since the matrix that has flowed into the bending portion 13b adheres to the bending portion 13b, when the matrix is solidified, deformation of the bending portion 13b is hindered.
  • the filler 15 prevents the matrix from flowing into the curved portion 13b. As shown in FIG. 4B, the filler 15 fills (applies to) the curved portion 13b after the metal liner 13 in step S1 is wound around the mandrel 20 and before the wall member 14 in step S2 is wound. (Step S1 ').
  • the filler 15 is made of an elastic body that maintains the shape at the time of filling at the sintering temperature of the wall member 14. Further, the filler 15 has an elasticity that does not interfere with the deformation of the curved portion 13b.
  • an elastic body is, for example, a fluororesin.
  • the filler 15 may be made of a material that maintains the shape at the time of filling at room temperature and contracts below the sintering temperature of the wall member 14. That is, the filler 15 prevents the matrix from flowing into the curved portion 13b by maintaining the shape shown in FIG. 4A during the filling in step S2 ′, and contracts during the sintering in step S3.
  • a material is, for example, polystyrene foam.
  • the filler 15 may remain after shrinkage, it does not affect the function of the metal liner 13 as a container and the maintenance of the mechanical strength of the wall member 14.
  • the wall member 14 after sintering does not have airtightness.
  • the sintered wall member 14 has air permeability. Therefore, even when a material that contracts below the sintering temperature is used as the filler 15, the evaporation component and other expanding gas are released to the outside through the wall member 14. Therefore, the shrinkage of the filler 15 does not affect the shape maintenance of the solidified wall member 14.
  • FIG. 5A is a diagram showing a first modification of the metal liner 13, and FIG. 5B is a diagram showing a second modification of the metal liner 13.
  • the metal liner 13 may have a concavo-convex structure 13d in the bonding portion 13c.
  • the concavo-convex structure 13d is, for example, a plurality of fine grooves and undulations as shown in FIG. Such a structure is formed by roughening such as scratching or blasting.
  • the concavo-convex structure 13d may be a protrusion that protrudes toward the wall member 14 as shown in FIG. 5B, for example. In either case, the contact area of the adhesive portion 13c with the wall member 14 (composite material) increases, and the adhesive strength between the adhesive portion 13c and the wall member 14 (composite material) can be improved.
  • the metal liner 13 ensures airtightness for storing the cryogenic liquid.
  • the curved portion 13b of the metal liner 13 causes the peeling generated along with the thermal contraction or thermal expansion (joint region of the metal liner 13 and the wall member 14). )
  • the wall member 14 ensures the mechanical strength of the low temperature tank. Since the wall member 14 is made of a composite material, the weight of the entire low-temperature tank is much lighter than a low-temperature tank using metal or concrete as the wall member.
  • the wall member 14 is not required to have airtightness. Accordingly, in the manufacturing method of the present embodiment, the strictness of the temperature control during the handling of each component member and the sintering of the wall member 14 is relaxed compared to the manufacturing method that requires the composite material to be airtight. That is, the manufacturing process is simplified and the manufacturing cost can be suppressed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Pressure Vessels And Lids Thereof (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)

Abstract

低温タンクは容器本体（１０）を備える。容器本体（１０）は、貯蔵空間を形成する金属ライナ（１３）と、金属ライナ（１３）の外周面（１３ａ）に巻きつけられた炭素繊維強化プラスチックからなる壁部材（１４）とを含む。金属ライナ（１３）は、その表面で互いに交差する二方向に延伸し且つ貯蔵空間に向けて突出するように湾曲する湾曲部（１３ｂ）を含む。

Description

低温タンク及びその製造方法
　本開示は、極低温の液体を貯蔵する低温タンク及びその製造方法に関する。
　ロケット等の飛翔体では構成部材の軽量化が常に求められている。推進薬を貯蔵するタンクも例外ではなく、炭素繊維強化プラスチック（ＣＦＲＰ）を用いた複合材による軽量化が提案されている。これに関連して、特許文献１は極低温の液体を貯蔵するタンクを開示している。このタンクは、金属ライナによって形成されたタンク本体と、タンク本体に巻回された複合材とを備えている。
特許第５９４８３３０号明細書
　金属ライナの線膨張率と、炭素繊維強化プラスチックなどの複合材の線膨張率は大きく異なっている。従って、これらを極低温の液体を貯蔵する低温タンクの構成部材として併用した場合、液体の充填や消費に伴う熱収縮や熱膨張によって金属ライナが複合材から剥離するおそれがある。
　本開示はこのような事情を鑑みて成されたものであって、容器の構成部材である金属ライナが複合材から剥離することを防止できる低温タンク及びその製造方法の提供を目的とする。
　本開示の第１の態様は低温タンクであって、低温タンクの貯蔵空間を形成する金属ライナと前記金属ライナの外周面に巻きつけられた繊維強化プラスチックからなる壁部材とを含む容器本体を備え、前記金属ライナは、その表面上で互いに交差する二方向に延伸し且つ前記貯蔵空間に向けて突出するように湾曲する湾曲部を含む。
　前記低温タンクは、前記湾曲部と前記壁部材との間に充填される充填材を更に備えてもよい。
　本開示の第２の態様は低温タンクの製造方法であって、その表面上で互いに交差する２つの方向に延伸し且つマンドレルに向けて突出するように湾曲する湾曲部を含む金属ライナを前記マンドレルに巻き付け、前記マンドレルに巻き付けられた前記金属ライナの外周面に、繊維強化プラスチックからなる壁部材を巻き付け、前記壁部材を焼結し、前記マンドレルを前記金属ライナから外すことを含む。
　前記製造方法は、前記湾曲部に充填材を充填することを更に含んでもよい。
　前記充填材は、前記壁部材の焼結温度において充填時の形状を維持する弾性体からなっていてもよい。
　前記充填材は、常温で充填時の形状を維持し且つ前記壁部材の焼結温度以下で収縮する材料からなっていてもよい。
　前記金属ライナは、前記壁部材と接着する部分に凹凸構造を有してもよい。
　本開示によれば、容器の構成部材である金属ライナが壁部材から剥離することを防止できる低温タンク及びその製造方法を提供することができる。
本開示の実施形態に係る低温タンクの断面図及び部分拡大図である。 （ａ）は本開示の実施形態に係る金属ライナの部分拡大図であり、（ｂ）は金属ライナと壁部材の伸縮を示す断面図である。 本開示の実施形態に係る低温タンクの製造工程を示す図である。 （ａ）は本開示の実施形態に係る低温タンクの変形例、（ｂ）はその変形例の製造工程を示す図である。 本開示の実施形態に係る金属ライナの変形例を示す図であり、（ａ）は第１変形例、（ｂ）は第２変形例を示す図である。
　以下、本開示の実施形態に係る低温タンク及びその製造方法について添付図面に基づいて説明する。なお、各図において共通する部分には同一の符号を付し、重複する説明を省略する。
　図１は、本実施形態に係る低温タンクの断面図及び部分拡大図である。本実施形態の低温タンクは、例えばロケット等の飛翔体に搭載される。ただし、本実施形態の低温タンクの適用対象は飛翔体に限られず、車両、船舶、貯蔵施設などにも適用可能である。従って、本実施形態の低温タンクが貯蔵（収容）する極低温の液体は、液体水素、液体酸素、液化天然ガスなどの推進薬に限られず、汎用の冷媒である液体窒素や液体ヘリウムなどでもよい。
　図１に示すように、低温タンクは中空の容器本体１０を備えている。容器本体１０は、例えば上部と下部に液体の注入あるいは排出を行うための口金部１１、１１を有している。口金部１１、１１は、後述する金属ライナ１３に溶接等で接合している。
　容器本体１０は、低温タンクにおける液体の貯蔵空間１２を形成する金属ライナ１３と、金属ライナ１３の外周面１３ａに巻きつけられた壁部材１４とを備えている。金属ライナ１３は貯蔵空間１２からの液体の漏洩を防止する。壁部材１４は金属ライナ１３の形状を維持すると共に、低温タンク全体の機械的強度を確保する。
　金属ライナ１３は薄肉の金属板である。金属ライナ１３は軽量で、適当な展延性があることが望ましい。従って、金属ライナ１３の材質は、例えばアルミニウム、マグネシウム、及び、これらの金属のうちの少なくとも１つを含む合金である。金属ライナ１３の厚さは、要求される重量、加工性に応じて設定され、例えば０．５ｍｍ程度に設定される。
　一方、壁部材１４は、マトリクスとしての樹脂と、樹脂に含浸される繊維とを含む複合材（即ち、繊維強化プラスチック）によって構成される。焼結前のマトリクスは粘着質であるため、金属ライナ１３の外周面１３ａに接着する。複合材はその後に焼結され、これにより容器本体１０は、壁部材１４と金属ライナ１３の二重壁構造を有することになる。
　複合材の繊維は軽量で、極低温度下でも十分な強度を持ち、且つ、化学的に安定なものが望ましい。このような条件を満たす繊維は、例えば、炭素繊維、アラミド繊維、炭化ケイ素繊維である。複合材は最も強度の高い炭素繊維強化プラスチック（ＣＦＲＰ）であることが望ましい。しかしながら、上記の条件を満たす限り、複合材は他の繊維強化プラスチック（ＦＲＰ）でもよい。
　図１及び図２に示すように、金属ライナ１３は、湾曲部１３ｂと、接着部１３ｃとを有する。湾曲部１３ｂは、金属ライナ１３の表面上で互いに交差する二方向に延伸し且つ貯蔵空間１２に向けて突出するように湾曲している。換言すれば、湾曲部１３ｂは、容器本体１０の内部に向けて突出するように湾曲している。湾曲部１３ｂは、例えば金属ライナ１３に対するプレス加工によって形成される。一方、接着部１３ｃは、金属ライナ１３において湾曲部１３ｂ以外の部分（表面）であり、例えば滑らかな平面或いは曲面である。接着部１３ｃは、互いに隣接する湾曲部１３ｂを連結すると共に、壁部材１４の巻回によって当該壁部材１４に接着する。
　上述の通り、金属の線膨張率と複合材の線膨張率は大きく異なっている。具体的には、金属の線膨張率が複合材の線膨張率よりも１桁程度大きい。従って、低温タンクが、極低温の液体の充填や消費に伴って熱収縮と熱膨張を繰り返す場合、この熱収縮と熱膨張の繰り返しによって金属ライナ１３が壁部材１４から剥離するおそれがある。本実施形態では、接着部１３ｃが壁部材１４から剥離するおそれがある。
　これに対して、湾曲部１３ｂはそれ自体の変形によって、剥離を促す金属ライナ１３の内部応力を緩和する。図１に示すように、湾曲部１３ｂは壁部材１４に接着していない。従って、容器本体１０が熱膨張或いは熱収縮するとき、湾曲部１３ｂは壁部材１４との接着による干渉を受けることなく、変形（伸縮、湾曲）することができる。その結果、金属ライナ１３と壁部材１４の接合部（接合領域）に発生する応力が緩和され、金属ライナ１３が壁部材１４から剥離することを防止できる（図２（ｂ）参照）。
　湾曲部１３ｂの二つの方向に延伸している。この延伸方向は、例えば低温タンクの回転対称軸（中心軸）を極座標系の基準軸に一致させた時のθ方向（極方向）とφ方向（方位方向）である（図１参照）。この場合、二つの延伸方向は直交する。ただし、上述の剥離を回避できる金属ライナ１３の適切な伸縮が得られる限り、交差する二方向の成す角度は９０°でなくともよい。
　次に、本実施形態に係る低温タンクの製造方法について説明する。図３（ａ）～図３（ｄ）は、本実施形態に係る低温タンクの製造工程を示す図である。これらの図に示すように、本実施形態の低温タンクは例えばマンドレル（円筒部材）２０を用いて製造される。
　まず、図３（ａ）に示すように、金属ライナ１３がマンドレル２０に巻き付けられる（ステップＳ１）。湾曲部１３ｂは貯蔵空間１２に向けて突出するように湾曲している必要がある。従って、金属ライナ１３は、湾曲部１３ｂがマンドレル２０に向けて突出するように、マンドレル２０の外周面に巻き付けられる。なお、巻き付けの際に互いに接した金属ライナ１３の縁は溶接等により接合される。
　次に、図３（ｂ）に示すように、マンドレル２０に巻き付けられた金属ライナ１３の外周面１３ａに、壁部材１４が巻き付けられる（ステップＳ２）。この時の壁部材１４はまだ加熱されておらず、壁部材１４を構成する複合材のマトリクスは固化していない。従って壁部材１４は粘着性を有しており、一層目の複合材は金属ライナ１３の接着部１３ｃに接着する。壁部材１４の複合材は、許容される重量の範囲内で所定の強度が得られるまで、金属ライナ１３の外周面１３ａに複数回巻きつけられる（図３（ｃ）参照）。なお、複合材の巻回方向は、所定の巻回数（層数）毎に変えてもよい。これにより、壁部材１４の厚さ方向からみた繊維の長手（延伸）方向が互いに交差するため、壁部材１４の強度が向上する。
　次に、金属ライナ１３に巻き付けられた壁部材１４が、所定のバーナや加熱炉によって焼結される（ステップＳ３）。この時の温度はマトリクスが固化する温度であり、例えば３００℃である。これにより、壁部材１４を構成する複合材のマトリクスが固化し、全体の形状が維持される。
　壁部材１４は焼結後、例えば常温に達するまで放冷される。この放冷時の収縮に伴って壁部材１４には多数の、極めて微小な隙間（割れ）が形成される。これにより壁部材１４の通気性が得られる。その後、図３（ｄ）に示すように、マンドレル２０が金属ライナ１３から外される（ステップＳ４）。さらに、口金部１１などの接合が行われ、低温タンクが形成される。低温タンクの形状やサイズに応じて、上述の工程を経た金属ライナ及び壁部材との更なる接合を行ってもよい。
　図４（ａ）は本開示の実施形態に係る低温タンクの変形例、図４（ｂ）はその変形例の製造工程を示す図である。これらの図に示すように、低温タンクは、湾曲部１３ｂと壁部材１４との間に充填される充填材１５を更に備えてもよい。上述の通り、金属ライナ１３の外周面１３ａに壁部材１４が巻き付けられるとき、壁部材１４を構成する複合材のマトリクスは固化していない。従って、金属ライナ１３の湾曲部１３ｂにマトリクスが流入する可能性がある。湾曲部１３ｂに流入したマトリクスは湾曲部１３ｂに接着するため、このマトリクスが固化した場合は湾曲部１３ｂの変形を妨げてしまう。
　充填材１５は、湾曲部１３ｂにマトリクスが流入することを阻止する。図４（ｂ）に示すように、充填材１５は、ステップＳ１の金属ライナ１３がマンドレル２０に巻き付けられた後で、ステップＳ２の壁部材１４が巻き付けられる前に、湾曲部１３ｂに充填（塗布）される（ステップＳ１´）。
　充填材１５は、壁部材１４の焼結温度において充填時の形状を維持する弾性体からなる。また、充填材１５は、湾曲部１３ｂの変形に干渉しない程度の弾性を有する。このような弾性体は例えばフッ素樹脂である。
　なお、充填材１５は、常温で充填時の形状を維持し且つ壁部材１４の焼結温度以下で収縮する材料からなっていてもよい。即ち、充填材１５は、ステップＳ２´の充填時において図４（ａ）に示す形状を維持することで湾曲部１３ｂにマトリクスが流入することを阻止し、ステップＳ３の焼結時において収縮する。このような材料は例えば発泡スチロールである。充填材１５は収縮後に残留する可能性もあるが、その場合でも金属ライナ１３の容器としての機能や壁部材１４の機械的強度の維持に影響しない。
　なお、焼結後の壁部材１４は気密性をもたない。換言すれば、焼結後の壁部材１４は通気性を有する。従って、焼結温度以下で収縮する材料を充填材１５として用いた場合でも、その蒸発成分やその他の膨張気体は壁部材１４を介して外部に放出される。従って、充填材１５の収縮は固化した壁部材１４の形状維持に影響しない。
　図５（ａ）は金属ライナ１３の第１変形例、（ｂ）は金属ライナ１３の第２変形例を示す図である。これらの図に示すように、金属ライナ１３は、接着部１３ｃに凹凸構造１３ｄを有してもよい。凹凸構造１３ｄは、例えば図５（ａ）に示すように、細かな複数の溝や起伏である。このような構造は、スクラッチやブラスト等の粗面加工を施すことで形成される。あるいは、凹凸構造１３ｄは、例えば図５（ｂ）に示すように、壁部材１４に向けて突出する突部でもよい。何れの場合も、壁部材１４（複合材）に対する接着部１３ｃの接触面積が増大し、接着部１３ｃと壁部材１４（複合材）の接着強度を向上させることができる。
　本実施形態によれば、金属ライナ１３が極低温の液体を貯蔵する気密性を確保する。低温タンクの熱収縮や熱膨張が発生した場合、金属ライナ１３の湾曲部１３ｂが、熱収縮や熱膨張に伴って発生した剥離を生じさせる、金属ライナ１３と壁部材１４の接合部（接合領域）に発生する応力を緩和する。従って、金属ライナ１３が壁部材１４から剥離することを防止できる。一方、壁部材１４は低温タンクの機械的強度を確保する。壁部材１４は複合材によって構成されているため、低温タンク全体の重量は、壁部材として金属やコンクリートを用いた低温タンクと比べて遥かに軽い。従って、ロケットのような熱収縮と熱膨張を繰り返す過酷な環境にも耐えられ、軽量且つ十分な強度を有する低温タンクが得られる。また、金属ライナ１３が気密性を確保しているため、壁部材１４には気密性が求められない。従って、本実施形態の製造方法では、各構成部材の取扱いや壁部材１４の焼結時の温度制御の厳密性が、複合材に気密性を求める製造方法に比べて緩和される。つまり、製造工程が簡略化され、製造コストも抑制できる。
　なお、本開示は上述の実施形態に限定されず、特許請求の範囲の記載によって示され、さらに特許請求の範囲の記載と均等の意味および範囲内でのすべての変更を含む。

Claims (9)

  1. 低温タンクであって、
    　前記低温タンクの貯蔵空間を形成する金属ライナと前記金属ライナの外周面に巻きつけられた繊維強化プラスチックからなる壁部材とを含む容器本体
    を備え、
    　前記金属ライナは、その表面上で互いに交差する二方向に延伸し且つ前記貯蔵空間に向けて突出するように湾曲する湾曲部を含む
    低温タンク。
  2. 　前記湾曲部と前記壁部材との間に充填される充填材を更に備える
    請求項１に記載の低温タンク。
  3. 　前記充填材は、前記壁部材の焼結温度において充填時の形状を維持する弾性体からなる
    請求項２に記載の低温タンク。
  4. 　前記充填材は、常温で充填時の形状を維持し且つ前記壁部材の焼結温度以下で収縮する材料からなる
    請求項２に記載の低温タンク。
  5. 　前記金属ライナは、前記壁部材と接着する部分に凹凸構造を有する
    請求項１～４の何れか一項に記載の低温タンク。
  6. 低温タンクの製造方法であって、
    　その表面上で互いに交差する２つの方向に延伸し且つマンドレルに向けて突出するように湾曲する湾曲部を含む金属ライナを前記マンドレルに巻き付け、
    　前記マンドレルに巻き付けられた前記金属ライナの外周面に、繊維強化プラスチックからなる壁部材を巻き付け、
    　前記壁部材を焼結し、
    　前記マンドレルを前記金属ライナから外すことを含む
    低温タンクの製造方法。
  7. 　前記湾曲部に充填材を充填することを更に含む
    請求項６に記載の低温タンクの製造方法。
  8. 　前記充填材は、前記壁部材の焼結温度において充填時の形状を維持する弾性体からなる
    請求項７に記載の低温タンクの製造方法。
  9. 　前記充填材は、常温で充填時の形状を維持し且つ前記壁部材の焼結温度以下で収縮する材料からなる
    請求項７に記載の低温タンクの製造方法。
PCT/JP2017/038483 2017-03-22 2017-10-25 低温タンク及びその製造方法 Ceased WO2018173348A1 (ja)

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