WO2018176377A1

WO2018176377A1 - Distance measuring method, device, and terminal

Info

Publication number: WO2018176377A1
Application number: PCT/CN2017/078977
Authority: WO
Inventors: 朱杰作; 袁书田; 高峰; 赵振山
Original assignee: 华为技术有限公司
Priority date: 2017-03-31
Filing date: 2017-03-31
Publication date: 2018-10-04

Abstract

The present application relates to a distance measuring method, device, and terminal. The method comprises: a first UE unit sending, at a first time and to a second UE unit, a first message configured to instruct a radar distance measuring operation to start; receiving, at a second time, a second message sent from the second UE unit, the second message carrying delay information of the second UE unit; and determining, according to the first time, the second time, and the delay information of the second UE unit, a distance between the first UE unit and the second UE unit. The present application integrates a communication function and a radar function by measuring a distance while performing communications.

Description

Ranging method, device and terminal

Technical field

The embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of communications, and in particular, to a method, a device, and a terminal for ranging between a vehicle to a vehicle (V2V).

Background technique

In recent years, automobile networks have attracted more and more people's attention. Through V2V communication, or the communication between the vehicle and the Road Side Unit (RSU), the safety and reliability of road traffic are improved, and the traffic efficiency is improved.

The United States' car networking system is also known as the Wireless Access in the Vehicular Environment (WAVE), and its physical layer uses the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11p protocol. A communication protocol that is extended by the IEEE 802.11 standard. IEEE 802.11p is mainly used for in-vehicle electronic wireless communication. It is essentially an extension of IEEE802.11 and is compatible with the related applications of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). The WAVE system has the following advantages: easy to deploy, low cost, mature technology, suitable for transmission between V2V, but it also has corresponding disadvantages: when the number of vehicles in the WAVE system is large, resource conflicts are easy to occur, and system performance is poor. The delay is uncontrollable, the quality of service (QoS) is not guaranteed, the transmission distance is limited, and the WAVE system needs to deploy a large number of RSUs, which is too costly.

The problems in existing car networking systems have spurred research into the use of existing cellular networks to assist in V2V communications. At present, cellular communication adopts technologies such as 2G/3G/4G, and the LTE technology adopted in the 4G system has the advantages of high speed, low delay, large coverage, and support for high-speed mobile terminals. V2V communication in a cellular network can fully utilize a central scheduler (such as an eNB) for dynamic scheduling of transmission resources, thereby reducing the probability of communication collisions and solving uncontrolled delay problems. There are two scenarios for V2V communication using cellular networks: in coverage (IC) and out of coverage (OOC). As shown in Figure 1, V1 and V2 are in the IC, V3, V4 and V5. In the OOC, the user equipment (User Equipment, UE) in the cell first detects the synchronization signal transmitted by the eNB, obtains time frequency synchronization, and the ID of the cell, and then detects the PBCH, and obtains the bandwidth, the number of antennas, and the radio frame number of the system. According to the information, the UE can perform control channel detection, and periodically receive other broadcast messages (such as SIB messages) of the system and normal communication transmission.

The existing Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based vehicle networking technology includes LTE-V technology and 802.11p technology. Although V2V can communicate with each other, communication cannot be achieved at the same time. Ranging and speed measurement. Need to rely on third-party equipment, such as vehicle radar, or roadside traffic radar to achieve ranging and speed measurement.

Summary of the invention

The invention solves the problems existing in the prior art, and realizes the distance measurement while performing V2V communication.

In a first aspect, the present invention provides a ranging method, the method comprising: a first UE in a first time direction The second UE sends a first message, where the first message is used to start the radar ranging; the first UE receives the second message sent by the second UE, and the second message carries the second message. Delay information of the UE; the first UE determines a distance between the first UE and the second UE according to the first time, the second time, and delay information of the second UE. Thereby, the indication function of indicating the radar ranging with a certain communication data packet is realized, and the communication and the radar function are integrated, and the distance measurement is performed at the same time of communication.

In a possible design, the first UE determines the distance between the first UE and the second UE according to the first time, the second time, and delay information of the second UE. The first UE determines a total delay of the radio wave according to the first time and the second time, and the first UE is configured according to the total delay of the radio wave and the delay information of the second UE. Determining a delay of the unidirectional radio wave; the first UE determining a distance between the first UE and the second UE according to the delay and the speed of the unidirectional radio wave.

In a possible design, the determining, by the first UE, the delay of the one-way radio wave according to the total delay of the radio wave and the delay information of the second UE includes: determining, by using the following formula, the one-way radio wave Delay, T_Pure=0.5*(T_DlyRaw-T_AUX) where T_Pure is the delay of the unidirectional wave, T_DlyRaw is the total delay of the wave, and the total delay of the wave is based on the difference between the first time and the second time The value is determined; T_AUX is the delay information of the second UE, T_AUX=T2-T1+CONST_D, T1 is the time when the second UE receives the first message, and T2 is the second UE sends the second message. The time of the message, CONST_D is the preset threshold.

In a possible design, the first UE sends the first message to the second UE at the first time, including: after the first UE receives the indication message of the base station, to the second time at the first time The UE sends the first message; or the first UE periodically sends the first message to the second UE.

In a second aspect, the present invention provides a ranging method, where the method includes: receiving, by a second UE, a first message sent by a first UE at a first time, where the first message is used to indicate that starting radar ranging is started;

The second UE sends a second message to the first UE, where the second message carries delay information of the second UE, and the second message is used to make the first UE according to the first The time, the second time of receiving the second message, and the delay information of the second UE determine a distance between the first UE and the second UE.

In a possible design, the second UE sends a second message to the first UE, including:

After receiving the first message, the second UE delays the k frame, and when k is less than N, sends the second message to the first UE, where the N is a preset timeout threshold.

In a third aspect, a ranging device is provided, comprising a transmitting unit, a receiving unit, and a processing unit to perform the method of the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect.

In a fourth aspect, a ranging device is provided, comprising a receiving unit, a transmitting unit, to perform the method in any of the possible implementations of the second aspect or the second aspect.

In a fifth aspect, a ranging terminal is provided, comprising a processor, a memory, a receiver and a transmitter to perform the method of the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect.

In a sixth aspect, a ranging terminal is provided, comprising a processor, a memory, a receiver, and a transmitter to perform the method of any of the second aspect or the second aspect.

In a seventh aspect, a computer storage medium is provided, comprising instructions that, when run on a computer, cause the computer to perform the ranging method performed by the first UE in the first aspect above.

In an eighth aspect, a computer storage medium is provided, comprising instructions that, when run on a computer, cause The computer performs the ranging method performed by the second UE in the second aspect described above.

The technical effects obtained by the foregoing second to eighth aspects of the embodiments of the present invention are similar to those obtained by the corresponding technical means in the first aspect, and are not described herein again.

DRAWINGS

The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

1 is a schematic diagram of an LTE-V vehicle networking application scenario in the prior art;

2 is a schematic diagram of a ranging scenario according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an M_RECE_INFO area according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a method for ranging according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of still another method for ranging according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a distance measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of still another ranging device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention.

detailed description

In the present invention, the UE is involved, and the UE specifically refers to a V2V-enabled vehicle in the present application, and the V2V function is a wireless-based data transmission function between motor vehicles, and the V2V-capable UE can communicate with the base station or with other UEs. Direct communication, calculating the distance between UEs by transmitting and receiving data packets between UEs, and reminding users to avoid traffic accidents when the distance between UEs exceeds a safe distance.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a ranging scenario according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the system includes a first UE 21 and a second UE 22. The first UE 21 and the second UE 22 can perform connection and resource allocation under the control of the base station, and can also perform information interaction when there is no network infrastructure. (The first UE 21 and the second UE 22 communicate directly by sharing the cell resources under the control of the cellular system), in the present application, in the scenario where the first UE 21 and the second UE 22 are in a network-free infrastructure. V2V communication is taken as an example for description.

The first UE 21 includes a timing unit 211, a transceiver 212, a modulator 213, a demodulator 214, and a processor 215. The second UE 22 includes a timing unit 221, a transceiver 222, a modulator 223, a demodulator 224, and a processor 225. The timing unit 211 and the timing unit 221 may be timers.

The first UE 21 periodically transmits a first message, such as M_SEND, through the transceiver 212, and records a first time, such as Ta, for transmitting the M_SEND message through a timer. The M_SEND message is a packet type, which is used to indicate that the data packet is used for radar speed measurement ranging, and any SA (Control Channel) or DATA (Data Channel) data packet can indicate that the data packet is an M_SEND data packet. The indication may be to reserve one or several bits in the data packet, or to pass different scrambling codes, or to add parity bits and the like.

The second UE receives the M_SEND message sent by the first UE through the transceiver 222, records the time T1 of receiving the M_SEND message through the timer, and sends a second message, for example, M_RECE, in the N frame time of receiving the M_SEND message, and the M_RECE message carries M_RECE_INFO, M_RECE_INFO includes delay information T_Aux of the second UE, where T_AUX=T2-T1+CONST_D, T1 is the time when the second UE receives the M_SEND message, and T2 is the time when the second UE sends the M_RECE message, CONST_D The channel delay for the second UE is a preset threshold.

The M_RECE message is a data packet type, and is a return message sent by the second UE after receiving the M_SEND message. The SA or DATA packet indicates itself as an M_RECE packet by some indication, which may be reserved by one or several bits in the data packet, or by a different scrambling code, or by adding a parity bit or the like. The contents of the M_RECE packet and the M_SEND packet are the same except for M_RECE_INFO.

M_RECE_INFO is in a certain area of the M_RECE data packet (see FIG. 3), and the specific time-frequency location is jointly agreed by the first UE and the second UE.

The first UE records, by using a timer, a second time, such as Tb, of receiving the M_RECE message sent by the second UE. The processor 215 of the first UE determines the distance between the first UE and the second UE according to the time Ta at which the first UE sends the M_SEND message, the time Tb at which the M_RECE message is received, and the delay information T_AUX of the second UE.

In one example, the first UE may have a display screen to display the calculated distance to alert the user if there is a traffic hazard.

In another example, the first UE may have a display screen and a memory, and the “distance-risk level table” may be preset in the memory, and the display screen may display the risk level corresponding to the calculated distance to the user to remind the user. Is there a traffic hazard?

Further, when the first UE demodulates the M_RECE message by the demodulator 214, the carrier deviation Fd of the received waveform and the transmitted waveform is demodulated, that is, the unidirectional Doppler frequency, and the first directional Doppler frequency and the carrier frequency are determined. The relative speed of a UE and a second UE.

It can be understood that the number of the second UEs may be one or multiple, and the first UE and the second UE may also perform direct communication under the control of the base station, and the ranging method is the same as the foregoing method, where No longer.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a method for ranging according to an embodiment of the present invention. The execution body of the method is a first UE. As shown in FIG. 4, the method may include:

Step 410: The first UE sends a first message to the second UE at the first time, where the first message is used to indicate that the radar ranging is started.

The first UE and the second UE may be under the control of the cellular system, and perform direct communication by sharing the cell resource. The first UE may periodically send a first message M_SEND to the second UE, where the first message is a communication data packet, and the first message may indicate that the radar ranging is started, and the first message sending the first message M_SEND is recorded by using a timer. Time Ta, in order to achieve communication, while performing radar ranging.

Step 420: The first UE receives the second message sent by the second UE at the second time, where the second message carries the delay information of the second UE.

After receiving the first message M_SEND sent by the first UE, the second UE may use a timer, or may use the clock signal generated by the local crystal oscillator to record the time T1 when the first message M_SEND is received, and receive the first message M_SEND. Afterwards, the second UE processes the first message M_SEND, that is, parses the first message M_SEND and then encapsulates the delay information T_AUX of the second UE into the first message M_SEND to generate a second message M_RECE, at the K After the frame (k is the time when the second UE processes the first message M_SEND), k is smaller than N (N is a preset timeout threshold), and the second message M_RECE is sent to the first UE. Where T_AUX=T2-T1+CONST_D, T1 is the time when the second UE receives the first message M_SEND, and T2 is the time when the second UE sends the second message M_RECE, and CONST_D is the preset threshold, that is, the second UE. Analog channel delay.

If the second UE delays the K frame after receiving the first message M_SEND, k is greater than or equal to N, the first UE and the second UE are considered to be at a safe distance, and the second UE does not have to send the second message M_RECE.

Step 430: The first UE determines, according to the first time, the second time, and the delay information of the second UE, the first UE and the first The distance between the two UEs.

The first UE first determines the total delay T_DlyRaw of the radio wave according to the first time Ta and the second time Tb; and determines the delay T_Pure of the one-way radio wave according to the total delay time T_DlyRaw of the radio wave and the delay information T_AUX of the second UE; The distance D between the first UE and the second UE is determined according to the delay T_Pure and the speed of light c of the one-way electric wave.

That is, the first UE determines the delay of the one-way radio wave by using the following formula.

T_Pure=0.5*(T_DlyRaw-T_AUX)

Where T_Pure is the delay of the one-way radio wave, and is determined according to the time difference between the first time and the second time, T_AUX=T2-T1+CONST_D.

The first UE determines the distance between the first UE and the second UE by using the following formula,

D=c*T_Pure, where c is the speed of light.

In the above steps, the first UE has an automatic calibration function, that is, the local signal is retracted to obtain a local analog channel delay. Therefore, the analog channel delay of the first UE is automatically calibrated when the ranging function is started. Off, therefore, the analog channel delay of the first UE is negligible.

Further, the first UE receives the M_RECE message waveform to demodulate the carrier waveform Fd of the received waveform and the transmitted waveform, and the deviation is a unidirectional Doppler frequency, according to the unidirectional Doppler frequency and the carrier frequency. Fc, using the formula V = (Fd * c) / Fc, calculates the relative speed of the first UE and the second UE.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of still another method for ranging according to an embodiment of the present invention. The execution body of the method is a second UE. As shown in FIG. 5, the method may include:

Step 510: The second UE receives a first message sent by the first UE at the first time, where the first message is used to indicate that the radar ranging is started.

Step 520: The second UE sends a second message to the first UE, where the second message carries delay information of the second UE, and the second message is used to make the first UE according to the Determining, by the first time, the second time of receiving the second message, and the delay information of the second UE, determining a distance between the first UE and the second UE.

After receiving the first message, the second UE delays the k frame. When k is less than N, the second message is sent, where the N is a preset timeout threshold.

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a distance measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 6, the ranging device includes: a transmitting unit 610, a receiving unit 620, and a processing unit 630.

The sending unit 610 is configured to send a first message to the second UE at the first time, where the first message is used to indicate that the radar ranging is started.

The receiving unit 620 is configured to receive the second message sent by the second UE at a second time, where the second message carries delay information of the second UE.

The processing unit 630 is configured to determine a distance between the first UE and the second UE according to the first time, the second time, and delay information of the second UE.

Further, the processing unit 630 is specifically configured to: determine, according to the first time and the second time, a total delay of the radio wave; and determine, according to the total delay of the radio wave and the delay information of the second UE, a delay of the unidirectional radio wave; determining a distance between the first UE and the second UE according to the delay and the speed of the unidirectional radio wave.

Further, the processing unit 630 is specifically configured to determine a delay of the one-way radio wave by using the following formula, T_Pure=0.5*(T_DlyRaw-T_AUX), where T_Pure is a delay of a one-way radio wave, and T_DlyRaw is a total delay of the radio wave. The total delay of the radio wave is determined according to a difference between the first time and the second time; T_AUX is a second UE The delay information is determined according to the time difference between the first time and the second time, T_AUX=T2-T1+CONST_D, T1 is the time when the second UE receives the first message, and T2 is the second UE sending station. The time at which the second message is described, CONST_D is a preset threshold.

Further, the sending unit 610 is specifically configured to: after the receiving unit receives the indication message of the base station, send the first message to the second UE at the first time; or send the timing to the second UE. The first message.

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of still another distance measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 7, the ranging device includes: a receiving unit 710, and a transmitting unit 720.

The receiving unit 710 is configured to receive a first message that is sent by the first UE at the first time, where the first message is used to indicate that the radar ranging is started.

The sending unit 720 is configured to send, to the first UE, a second message, where the second message carries delay information of the second UE, where the second message is used to enable the first UE according to the The distance between the first UE and the second UE is determined at a time, the second time of receiving the second message, and the delay information of the second UE.

Further, the sending unit 720 is specifically configured to: after the receiving unit receives the first message, delay a k frame, where k is less than N, send the second message to the first UE, where the N is Preset timeout threshold.

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 8, the terminal 800 includes a transmitter 810, a receiver 820, a memory 830, a processor 840, and a communication bus 850. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the structure of the terminal 800 shown in FIG. 8 does not constitute a limitation of the ranging terminal, and may include more or less components than those illustrated, or combine some components or different components. The embodiment of the present application does not limit this.

The transmitter 810 can be used to send data and/or signaling to the UE. The receiver 820 can be configured to receive 800 for receiving data and/or signaling sent by the UE. The memory 830 can be used to store data and/or signaling sent by the UE, and the memory 830 can also be used to store one or more running programs and/or modules for performing a service switching method. In a particular implementation, the memory 830 can also be used to invoke multiple running programs and/or modules in an external software system. The memory 830 is a computer storage medium that includes instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the services performed by the first UE.

The processor 840 is a control center of the UE. The processor 840 can be a general purpose central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more programs for controlling the execution of the program of the present application. integrated circuit. The processor 840 can implement the ranging method provided by the embodiment of FIG. 4 or FIG. 5 above by running or executing software programs and/or modules stored in the memory 830, as well as invoking data stored in the memory 830.

The communication bus 850 can include a path for transferring information between the processor 840 and the memory 830.

A person skilled in the art should further appreciate that the elements and algorithm steps of the various examples described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both, in order to clearly illustrate hardware and software. Interchangeability, the composition and steps of the various examples have been generally described in terms of function in the above description. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the solution. A person skilled in the art can use different methods for implementing the described functions for each particular application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of the present invention.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention. Alternatives are intended to be covered by the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be protected by the scope of the claims. quasi.

Claims

A ranging method, characterized in that the method comprises:

The first user equipment UE sends a first message to the second UE at the first time, where the first message is used to indicate that the radar ranging is started;

Receiving, by the first UE, the second message sent by the second UE, where the second message carries delay information of the second UE;

Determining, by the first UE, a distance between the first UE and the second UE according to the first time, the second time, and delay information of the second UE.
The method according to claim 1, wherein the first UE determines the first UE and the first UE according to the first time, the second time, and delay information of the second UE. The distance of the second UE, including:

Determining, by the first UE, a total delay of the radio wave according to the first time and the second time;

Determining, by the first UE, a delay of the one-way radio wave according to the total delay of the radio wave and the delay information of the second UE;

Determining, by the first UE, a distance between the first UE and the second UE according to a delay and a speed of the unidirectional radio wave.
The method according to claim 2, wherein the first UE determines a delay of the one-way radio wave according to the total delay of the radio wave and the delay information of the second UE, including:

Determining the delay of the one-way electric wave by using the following formula,

T_Pure=0.5*(T_DlyRaw-T_AUX)

Where T_Pure is the delay of the one-way electric wave, T_DlyRaw is the total delay of the electric wave, and the total delay of the electric wave is determined according to the difference between the first time and the second time;

T_AUX is the delay information of the second UE, T_AUX=T2-T1+CONST_D, T1 is the time when the second UE receives the first message, and T2 is the time when the second UE sends the second message. , CONST_D is the preset threshold.
The method according to claim 1, wherein the first UE sends the first message to the second UE at the first time, including:

After receiving the indication message of the base station, the first UE sends the first message to the second UE at the first time; or

The first UE periodically sends a first message to the second UE.
A ranging method, characterized in that the method comprises:

Receiving, by the second UE, a first message sent by the first UE at the first time, where the first message is used to indicate that the radar ranging is started;

The second UE sends a second message to the first UE, where the second message carries delay information of the second UE, and the second message is used to make the first UE according to the first The time, the second time of receiving the second message, and the delay information of the second UE determine a distance between the first UE and the second UE.
The method according to claim 5, wherein the sending, by the second UE, the second message to the first UE comprises:

After receiving the first message, the second UE delays the k frame, and when k is less than N, sends the second message to the first UE, where the N is a preset timeout threshold.
A distance measuring device, characterized in that the device comprises:

a sending unit, configured to send a first message to the second UE at the first time, where the first message is used to indicate that the start Radar ranging

a receiving unit, configured to receive a second message sent by the second UE at a second time, where the second message carries delay information of the second UE;

And a processing unit, configured to determine a distance between the first UE and the second UE according to the first time, the second time, and delay information of the second UE.
The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the processing unit is configured to determine a total delay of the radio wave according to the first time and the second time;

Determining a delay of the one-way radio wave according to the total delay of the radio wave and the delay information of the second UE;

Determining a distance between the first UE and the second UE according to a delay of the unidirectional electric wave and a speed of light.
The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the processing unit is specifically configured to determine a delay of the one-way radio wave by using the following formula,

T_Pure=0.5*(T_DlyRaw-T_AUX)

Where T_Pure is the delay of the one-way electric wave, T_DlyRaw is the total delay of the electric wave, and the total delay of the electric wave is determined according to the difference between the first time and the second time;

The T_AUX is the delay information of the second UE, and is determined according to the time difference between the first time and the second time, T_AUX=T2-T1+CONST_D, where T1 is the time when the second UE receives the first message, and T2 is The time when the second UE sends the second message, CONST_D is a preset threshold.
The device according to claim 7, wherein the sending unit is specifically configured to:

After the receiving unit receives the indication message of the base station, sending the first message to the second UE at the first time; or

The first message is sent to the second UE periodically.
A distance measuring device, characterized in that the device comprises:

a receiving unit, configured to receive a first message sent by the first UE at a first time, where the first message is used to indicate that the radar ranging is started;

a sending unit, configured to send a second message to the first UE, where the second message carries delay information of the second UE, where the second message is used to make the first UE according to the first The time, the second time of receiving the second message, and the delay information of the second UE determine a distance between the first UE and the second UE.
The device according to claim 11, wherein the sending unit is specifically configured to:

After receiving the first message, the receiving unit delays the k frame, and when k is less than N, sends the second message to the first UE, where the N is a preset timeout threshold.
A ranging terminal, characterized in that the terminal comprises a processor, a memory, a receiver, a transmitter and a communication bus; the processor, the memory, the receiver and the transmitter establish a connection through the communication bus, one or more The program will all be stored in a memory and configured to be executed by the processor, and the one or more programs include all instructions for performing the method of any one of claims 1 to 4.
A ranging terminal, characterized in that the terminal comprises a processor, a memory, a receiver, a transmitter and a communication bus; the processor, the memory, the receiver and the transmitter establish a connection through the communication bus, one or more The program will all be stored in a memory and configured to be executed by the processor, and the one or more programs include all instructions for performing the method of any one of claims 5 to 6.
A computer readable storage medium storing a program, the program comprising instructions, The instructions, when executed by the first UE, cause the first UE to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 4.
A computer readable storage medium storing a program, the program comprising instructions, when executed by a second UE, causing the second UE to perform according to any one of claims 5 to Methods.