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WO2018131051A1 - Système thermodynamique de production d'énergie à cycle combiné - Google Patents

Système thermodynamique de production d'énergie à cycle combiné Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018131051A1
WO2018131051A1 PCT/IN2017/050598 IN2017050598W WO2018131051A1 WO 2018131051 A1 WO2018131051 A1 WO 2018131051A1 IN 2017050598 W IN2017050598 W IN 2017050598W WO 2018131051 A1 WO2018131051 A1 WO 2018131051A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
working media
unit
pressure side
stream
heat
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IN2017/050598
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Mahesh Lakshminarayanan
Pardeep GARG
Prashant Kumar
Original Assignee
Mahesh Lakshminarayanan
Garg Pardeep
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mahesh Lakshminarayanan, Garg Pardeep filed Critical Mahesh Lakshminarayanan
Publication of WO2018131051A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018131051A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]

Definitions

  • the embodiments herein are generally related to the field of power generation.
  • the embodiments herein are particularly related to a system and a method for power generation using combined cycle technology.
  • the embodiments herein are more particularly related to a system and a method for power generation operated at the efficiency closer to the thermodynamic limit using two power blocks in a combined cycle configuration.
  • thermodynamic cycles such as air based gas Brayton and steam based Rankine cycles
  • thermal efficiency in the range of 30-40 %.
  • air Brayton and steam Rankine offers 50-60 % efficiency depending upon operating temperature.
  • This combined technology is known as combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT).
  • the exhaust heat from the fuel fired gas turbine cycle is used to boil the pressurized water into high enthalpy steam in a heat recovery unit, also known as a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG).
  • HRSG heat recovery steam generator
  • the exergy based thermodynamic analysis of CCGT with HRSG reveals that there is large exergy destruction in the HRSG due to the occurrence of large and non-uniform temperature difference across the warm and the cold fluid in it, which is primarily due to the phase change of pressurized water during boiling. This limits the overall efficiency of the CCGT based technologies.
  • ammonia-water mixture has been used to recover heat from the hot gas to remove heat more gradually as compared to the steam-based heat recovery systems and methods, thereby slightly improving energy efficiencies when compared to CCGT, but the increase is not large enough to offset additional capital costs and complexity of operation of this arrangement.
  • thermodynamic efficiency limit there is a need for a system and a method for power generation using a high efficiency combined cycle technology with two power blocks to convert thermal energy into mechanical energy which can operate closer to the thermodynamic limit.
  • a system and method for power generation providing controlled temperature differential during heat exchanger processes to achieve an increased in the overall efficiency of the power generation, thus approaching towards the thermodynamic efficiency limit.
  • the primary object of the embodiments herein to provide a system and method for power generation using a high efficiency combined cycle technology with two power blocks to convert chemical/thermal energy into mechanical energy.
  • Another object of the embodiments herein to provide a system and method for enabling the waste heat recovery process in a first power block instead of a second power block.
  • Yet another object of the embodiments herein to provide a system and method for power generation for enabling the two power blocks to interact with each other using a heat recovery unit in such a manner that the exhaust of the first power block on a first low pressure side transfers a part of heat to the second power block and the heat which is not transmitted to the second power block is internally recovered within the first power block.
  • Yet another object of the embodiments herein to provide a system and method for power generation by using oxygen rich media and burnt fuel in the first power block with carbon dioxide and/or other mixtures in the second power block as the working media.
  • Yet another object of the embodiments herein to provide a system and method using power cycle architectures or thermodynamic configurations to minimize exergy destruction during heat transfer within the system thereby achieving efficiencies closer to the thermodynamic limit.
  • Yet another object of the embodiments herein to provide a system and method for power generation to provide a controlled temperature differential during heat transfer within the system thereby resulting in an increased efficiency that approaches the thermodynamic limit.
  • Yet another object of the embodiments herein to provide a power cycle configuration that utilizes the chemical energy stored in a fuel in most efficient way to achieve efficiencies closer to the thermodynamic limit and to minimize entropy generation/irreversibility during heat transfer within the system by minimizing a difference between temperature gradient at the hot end and the cold end of heat exchangers employed in the system.
  • Yet another object of the embodiments herein to provide a system and method for power generation that effectively transfers the heat from the first working media to the second working media through a heat recovery unit.
  • Yet another object of the embodiments herein to provide a system and method for power generation that minimizes difference between temperature gradient at a hot end and temperature gradient at a cold end of heat exchangers employed within the system to result in lower irreversibility generation.
  • Yet another object of the embodiments herein to provide a system and method for power generation with the first power block operating at more than two pressure sides.
  • Yet another object of the embodiments herein to provide a system and method for power generation with the second power block operating at more than two pressure sides.
  • Yet another object of the embodiments herein to provide a system and method for power generation that minimizes the variation in the ratio of specific heats of a hot stream and a cold stream as the heat transfer takes place in any of the heat exchangers within the system by appropriately configuring the thermodynamic architecture.
  • Yet another object of the embodiments herein to provide a system and method for power generation that comprises at least one cooler to cool the second working media.
  • Yet another object of the embodiments herein to provide a system and method for power generation that offers an efficient way for coupling the gas turbine unit to another Brayton cycle.
  • Yet another object of the embodiments herein to provide a system and method for power generation that reduces the exhaust heat temperatures in an efficient way by recovering the heat within the system.
  • a combined cycle system for power generation comprises a first power block and a second first power block.
  • the first power block is configured for generating mechanical energy using heat of combustion of a fuel in a Brayton cycle by circulating a first working media through a first working fluid circuit.
  • the first power block is divided into at least two pressure sides that include a first low pressure side and a first high pressure side.
  • the first working media is circulated through the first low pressure side and the first high pressure side in the first power block.
  • the second power block is configured for generating mechanical energy using heat recovered from the heat recovery unit in a closed loop circuit.
  • a second working media is circulated in the closed loop circuit.
  • the second power block is divided into at least two pressure sides that include a second high pressure side and a second low pressure side.
  • the first power block further comprises a first compression unit comprising at least one compressor, a first recuperation unit comprising at least one recuperator, a combustion unit having at least one combustor on the first high pressure side, a first expansion unit comprising at least one expander, and a heat recovery unit comprising at least one heat exchanger having a hot end and a cold end.
  • the first compression unit is connected between the first low pressure side and the first high pressure side to pressurise the first working media.
  • At least one recuperator of the first recuperation unit is configured to preheat the pressurized first working media on the first high pressure side using the heat available on the first low pressure side of the first power block.
  • the at least one recuperator of the first recuperation unit is provided with a hot end and a cold end so that a difference between a temperature gradient at the hot end and a temperature gradient at the cold end is maintained below 80°C.
  • the at least one combustor of the combustion unit is configured to receive the preheated first working media and the fuel to discharge a combustion product stream in a temperature range of 600 °C to 2000 °C.
  • the first expansion unit is connected between the first low pressure side and the first high pressure side and is configured to expand the combustion product stream.
  • the at least one heat exchanger of the heat recovery unit is configured to receive and recover heat from expanded combustion product stream.
  • the heat exchanger is further configured to maintain a difference between a temperature gradient at the hot end and a temperature gradient at the cold end below 40°C.
  • the second power block further comprises a second expansion unit comprising at least one expander, a second recuperation unit comprising at least one recuperator, a cooling unit comprising at least one cooler, and a second compression unit comprising at least one compressor.
  • the second expansion unit is connected between the second high pressure side and the second low pressure side and is configured to expand the second working media available on the second high pressure side.
  • the recuperator of the second recuperation unit is configured to cool the second working media on the second low pressure side and to preheat the second working media on the second high pressure side.
  • the at least one recuperator of the second recuperation unit has a hot end and a cold end so that a difference between a temperature gradient at the hot end and a temperature gradient at the cold end is maintained below 80°C.
  • the cooler of the cooling unit is configured to cool the second working media.
  • the second compression unit is connected between the second low pressure side and the second high pressure side to pressurise the second working media.
  • the first compression unit comprises a plurality of compressors operating in series or parallel.
  • the first compression unit is configured to perform an inter-cooling operation, and wherein the first compression unit is configured to perform an intercooling operation between the pluralities of compressors to supply heat to the second working media in the heat recovery unit.
  • the second compression unit comprises a plurality of compressors operating in series or parallel.
  • the second compression unit is configured to perform an inter-cooling operation, and wherein the second compression unit is configured to perform an intercooling operation between the pluralities of compressors to supply heat to the second working media in the second recuperation unit.
  • a flow regulation unit is configured to regulate a flow of one or more media.
  • the media is selected from a group consisting of the first working media, the combustion product stream, and the second working media.
  • the flow regulation unit is configured to split the combustion product stream into a first stream and a second stream.
  • the first stream is used to preheat the first working media available on the first high pressure side in the first recuperation unit.
  • the second stream is used to preheat a part of the second working media in the heat recovery unit.
  • the flow regulation unit is further configured to split the second working media on the second high pressure side into a first stream and a second stream.
  • the first stream is preheated in the second recuperation unit and the second stream is preheated in the heat recovery unit.
  • the fuel comprises one or more compounds selected from a group consisting of carbonaceous material, hydrogen and oxygen.
  • the combustion unit is configured to receive oxygen for combustion from one or both the first working media and the fuel.
  • the second working media comprises a fluid containing carbon dioxide.
  • the first expansion unit comprises a plurality of expanders operating in series or parallel.
  • the first expansion unit is configured to perform a reheating operation between the pluralities of expanders.
  • the second expansion unit comprises a plurality of expanders operating in series or parallel.
  • the second expansion unit is configured to perform a reheating operation between the pluralities of expanders.
  • the first compression unit and the second compression unit are operated at a pressure ratio within a range of 1.01 to 50.
  • the first working media is added with a polar chemical compound.
  • the first power block is configured as an open loop circuit or a semi-closed loop circuit to circulate the first working media, wherein the first working media comprises a fluid containing oxygen or carbon dioxide.
  • a combined cycle method for power generation comprises the following steps.
  • a first power block is configured for circulating a first working media to generate mechanical energy using heat of combustion of a fuel in a Brayton cycle by circulating a first working media through a first working media circuit.
  • the first power block is divided into at least two pressure sides that include a first low pressure side and a first high pressure side.
  • the first working media is circulated through the first low pressure side and the first high pressure side in the first power block.
  • the first working media is pressurized in a first compression unit connected between the first low pressure side and the first high pressure side.
  • the first compression unit is provided with at least one compressor.
  • the pressurized first working media on the first high pressure side is preheated and the first working media on the first low pressure side is cooled in at least one recuperator of a first recuperation unit.
  • the at least one recuperator is provided with a hot end and a cold end so that a difference between a temperature gradient at the hot end and a temperature gradient at the cold end is maintained below 80°C.
  • the preheated first working media is received and the fuel is combusted in at least combustor of a combustion unit on the first high pressure side to discharge a combustion product stream at a temperature range of 600°C to 2000°C.
  • the combustion product stream is expanded to generate mechanical energy in the first expansion unit connected between the first high pressure side and the first low pressure side of the first block.
  • the first expansion unit comprises at least one expander.
  • the heat is recovered from the expanded combustion product stream in at least one heat exchanger of a heat recovery unit.
  • the at least one heat exchanger has a hot end and a cold end so that the heat exchanger is configured to maintain a difference between a temperature gradient at the hot end and a temperature gradient at the colder end below 40°C.
  • a second power block is configured for circulating a second working media in a closed loop circuit to generate mechanical energy using heat recovered from the heat recovery unit.
  • the second working media is circulated in the closed loop circuit.
  • the second power block is divided into at least two pressure sides that include a second high pressure side and a second low pressure side.
  • the second working media is expanded to generate mechanical energy in a second expansion unit connected between the second high pressure side and the second low pressure side.
  • the second expansion unit comprises at least one expander.
  • the expanded second working media on the second low pressure side is cooled in at least one recuperator of a second recuperation unit.
  • the second working media on the second high pressure side is preheated in the at least one recuperator of the second recuperation unit.
  • the at least one recuperator has a hot end and a cold end, so that a difference between a temperature gradient at the hot end and a temperature gradient at the cold end is maintained below 80°C.
  • the second working media is cooled in a cooling unit having at least one cooler.
  • the second working media is pressurized in a second compression unit connected between the second low pressure side and the second high pressure side.
  • the second compression unit comprises at least one compressor.
  • the method further comprises pressurizing the first working media with a plurality of compressors in the first compression unit.
  • the plurality of compressors is operated in series or parallel.
  • the first compression unit is configured to perform an inter-cooling operation between the pluralities of compressors and wherein the first compression unit is configured to perform an intercooling operation between the pluralities of compressors to supply heat to the second working media in the heat recovery unit.
  • the method further comprises pressurizing the second working media with a plurality of compressors in the second compression unit.
  • the plurality of compressors is operated in series or parallel.
  • the second compression unit is configured to perform an inter-cooling operation between the pluralities of compressors and wherein the second compression unit is configured to perform an intercooling operation between the pluralities of compressors to supply heat to the second working media in the second recuperation unit.
  • the method further comprises regulating the flow of one or more media.
  • the one or more media is selected from a group consisting of the first working media, the combustion product stream and the second working media.
  • the method further comprises splitting the combustion product stream into a first stream and a second stream using the flow regulation unit.
  • the first stream is used for preheating the first working media in the first recuperation unit and the second stream is used for preheating a part of the second working media in the heat recovery unit.
  • the method further comprises splitting the second working media on the second high pressure side into a first stream and a second stream using the flow regulation unit. The first stream is preheated in the second recuperation unit and the second stream is preheated in the heat recovery unit.
  • the method further comprises combusting the fuel containing one or more compounds selected from a group consisting of carbonaceous material, hydrogen and oxygen.
  • oxygen is supplied to the combustion unit through one or both the first working media and the fuel.
  • the second working media comprises a fluid containing carbon dioxide.
  • the method further comprises expanding the first working media in a plurality of expanders in the first expansion unit.
  • the plurality of expanders is operated in series or parallel.
  • the first expansion unit is configured to perform reheating operation between the pluralities of expanders.
  • the method further comprises expanding the second working media in a plurality of expanders in the second expansion unit.
  • the plurality of expanders is operated in series or parallel.
  • the second expansion unit is configured to perform a reheating operation between the pluralities of expanders.
  • the method further comprises operating the first compression unit and the second compression unit at pressure ratios within a range of 1.01 to 100.
  • the method further comprises adding a polar chemical compound to the first working media circulated in the first power block.
  • the method further comprises operating the first power block in an open loop to circulate the first working media containing oxygen or in a semi-closed loop to circulate the first working media containing carbon dioxide.
  • FIG. 1A illustrates a block diagram of a combined cycle system, according to one embodiment herein.
  • FIG. IB illustrates a block diagram of a combined cycle system provided with a first high pressure side, a first low pressure side and a first intermediate pressure side in the first power block along with a second high pressure side, a second low pressure side and a second intermediate pressure side in the second power block of the combined cycle system, according to one embodiment herein.
  • FIG. 1C illustrates a block diagram of a combined cycle system indicating a first working media circuit and a second working media circuit, according to one embodiment herein.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a block circuit diagram of a combined cycle system, according to one embodiment herein.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a block circuit diagram of a combined cycle system, indicating an exemplary combined cycle system, according to one embodiment herein.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a block circuit diagram of a combined cycle system, indicating another example of combined cycle system, according to one embodiment herein.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a block circuit diagram of a combined cycle system, indicating yet another example of combined cycle system, according to one embodiment herein.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a block circuit diagram of a combined cycle system, indicating yet another example of combined cycle system, according to one embodiment herein.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a block circuit diagram of a combined cycle system, indicating yet another example of combined cycle system, according to one embodiment herein.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a block circuit diagram of a combined cycle system, indicating yet another example of combined cycle system, according to one embodiment herein.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a block circuit diagram of a combined cycle system, indicating yet another example of combined cycle system, according to one embodiment herein.
  • the embodiments herein provide a combined cycle system for power generation.
  • a combined cycle system for power generation is provided.
  • the system comprises a first power block and a second first power block.
  • the first power block is configured for generating mechanical energy using heat of combustion of a fuel in a Brayton cycle by circulating a first working media through a first working media circuit.
  • the first power block is divided into at least two pressure sides that include a first low pressure side and a first high pressure side.
  • the first working media is circulated through the first low pressure side and the first high pressure side in the first power block.
  • the second power block is configured for generating mechanical energy using heat recovered from a heat recovery unit in a closed loop circuit.
  • a second working media is circulated in the closed loop circuit.
  • the second power block is divided into at least two pressure sides that include a second high pressure side and a second low pressure side.
  • the first power block further comprises a first compression unit comprising at least one compressor, a first recuperation unit comprising at least one recuperator, a combustion unit having at least one combustor on the first high pressure side, a first expansion unit comprising at least one expander, and a heat recovery unit comprising at least one heat exchanger having a hot end and a cold end.
  • the first compression unit is connected between the first low pressure side and the first high pressure side to pressurise the first working media.
  • the at least one recuperator of the first recuperation unit is configured to preheat the pressurized first working media on the first high pressure side using the heat available on the first low pressure side of the first power block.
  • the at least one recuperator is provided with a hot end and a cold end so that a difference between a temperature gradient at the hot end and a temperature gradient at the cold end is maintained below 80°C.
  • the at least one combustor of the combustion unit is configured to receive the preheated first working media and the fuel to discharge a combustion product stream in a temperature range of 600 °C to 2000 °C.
  • the first expansion unit is connected between the first high pressure side and the first low pressure side and is configured to expand the combustion product stream.
  • the at least one heat exchanger of the heat recovery unit is configured to receive and recover heat from the expanded combustion product stream.
  • the at least one heat exchanger of the heat recovery unit is further configured to maintain a difference between a temperature gradient at the hot end and a temperature gradient at the colder end below 40°C.
  • the second power block further comprises a second expansion unit comprising at least one expander, a second recuperation unit comprising at least one recuperator, a cooling unit having at least one cooler configured for cooling the second working media, and a second compression unit comprising at least one compressor.
  • the second expansion unit is connected between the second high pressure side and the second low pressure side to expand the second working media available on the second high pressure side.
  • the at least one recuperator of the second recuperation unit is configured to cool the second working media available on the second low pressure side and to preheat the second working media available on the second high pressure side.
  • the at least one recuperator of the second recuperation unit has a hot end and a cold end so that a difference between a temperature gradient at the hot end and a temperature gradient at the cold end is maintained below 80°C.
  • the second compression unit is connected between the second low pressure side and the second high pressure side to pressurize the second working media.
  • the first compression unit comprises a plurality of compressors operating in series or parallel.
  • the first compression unit is configured to perform an inter-cooling operation between the pluralities of compressors and wherein the first compression unit is configured to perform an intercooling operation between the pluralities of compressors to supply heat to the second working media in the heat recovery unit.
  • the second compression unit comprises a plurality of compressors operating in series or parallel.
  • the second compression unit is configured to perform an inter-cooling operation between the pluralities of compressors, and wherein the second compression unit is configured to perform an intercooling operation between the pluralities of compressors to supply heat to the second working media in the second recuperation unit.
  • a flow regulation unit is configured to regulate the flow of one or more media.
  • the media is selected from a group consisting of the first working media, the combustion product stream and the second working media.
  • the flow regulation unit is configured to split the combustion product stream into a first stream and a second stream.
  • the first stream is used to preheat the first working media in the first recuperation unit.
  • the second stream is used to preheat a part of the second working media in the heat recovery unit.
  • the flow regulation unit is further configured to split the second working media on the second high pressure side into a first stream and a second stream.
  • the first stream is preheated in the second recuperation unit and the second stream is preheated in the heat recovery unit.
  • the fuel comprises one or more compounds selected from a group consisting of carbonaceous material, hydrogen and oxygen.
  • the combustion unit is configured to receive oxygen required for combustion from one or both, the first working media and the fuel.
  • the second working media comprises a fluid containing carbon dioxide.
  • the first expansion unit comprises a plurality of expanders operating in series or parallel.
  • the first expansion unit is configured to perform a reheating operation between the pluralities of expanders.
  • the second expansion unit comprises of a plurality of expanders operating in series or parallel.
  • the second expansion unit is configured to perform a reheating operation between the pluralities of expanders.
  • the first compression unit and the second compression unit are operated at a pressure ratio within a range of 1.01 to 50.
  • the first working media is added with a polar chemical compound.
  • the first power block is configured as an open loop circuit to circulate the first working media comprising a fluid containing oxygen or as a semi-closed loop circuit to circulate the first working media comprising a fluid containing carbon dioxide.
  • the system further comprises the second power block that operates in a semi-closed loop configured with at least one combustor of the combustion unit in the second power block.
  • a combined cycle method for power generation comprises the following steps.
  • a first power block is configured for circulating a first working media to generate mechanical energy using heat of combustion of a fuel in a Brayton cycle by circulating a first working media through a first working fluid circuit.
  • the first power block is divided into at least two pressure sides that include a first low pressure side and a first high pressure side.
  • the first working fluid is circulated through the first low pressure side and the first high pressure side in the first power block.
  • the first working media is pressurized in a first compression unit connected between the first low pressure side and the first high pressure side.
  • the first compression unit is provided with at least one compressor.
  • the pressurized first working media on the first high pressure side is preheated using the heat available on the first low pressure side in at least one recuperator of a first recuperation unit.
  • the at least one recuperator is provided with a hot end and a cold end so that a difference between a temperature gradient at the hot end and a temperature gradient at the cold end is maintained below 80°C.
  • the preheated first working media is received and the fuel is combusted in at least one combustor of a combustion unit provided on the first high pressure side to discharge a combustion product stream at a temperature range of 600°C to 2000°C.
  • the combustion product stream is expanded to generate mechanical energy in a first expansion unit connected between the first high pressure side and the first low pressure side.
  • the first expansion unit comprises at least one expander.
  • the heat is recovered from the expanded combustion product stream in at least one heat exchanger of a heat recovery unit.
  • the at least one heat exchanger has a hot end and a cold end so that the heat exchanger is configured to maintain a difference between a temperature gradient at the hot end and a temperature gradient at the cold end below 40°C.
  • a second power block is configured for circulating a second working media in a closed loop circuit to generate mechanical energy using heat recovered in the heat recovery unit.
  • the second working media is circulated in the closed loop circuit.
  • the second power block is divided into at least two pressure sides that include a second high pressure side and a second low pressure side.
  • the second working media is expanded to generate mechanical energy in a second expansion unit connected between the second high pressure side and the second low pressure side.
  • the second expansion unit comprises at least one expander.
  • the expanded second working media on the second low pressure side is cooled in at least one recuperator of a second recuperation unit and wherein the second working media is available on the second high pressure side in turn is preheated.
  • the at least one recuperator of the second recuperation unit has a hot end and a cold end, so that a difference between a temperature gradient at the hot end and a temperature gradient at the cold end is maintained below 80°C.
  • the second working media is cooled in a cooling unit having at least one cooler.
  • the second working media is pressurized in a second compression unit connected between the second low pressure side and the second high pressure side.
  • the second compression unit comprises at least one compressor.
  • the method further comprises pressurizing the first working media with a plurality of compressors in the first compression unit.
  • the plurality of compressors is operated in series or parallel.
  • the first compression unit is configured to perform an inter-cooling operation between the pluralities of compressors and wherein the first compression unit is configured to perform an intercooling operation between the pluralities of compressors to supply heat to the second working media in the heat recovery unit.
  • the method further comprises pressurizing the second working media with a plurality of compressors in the second compression unit.
  • the plurality of compressors is operated in series or parallel.
  • the second compression unit is configured to perform an inter-cooling operation between the pluralities of compressors and wherein the second compression unit is configured to perform an intercooling operation between the pluralities of compressors to supply heat to the second working media in the second recuperation unit.
  • the method further comprises regulating the flow of one or more media.
  • the media is selected from a group consisting of the first working media, the combustion product stream and the second working media.
  • the method further comprises splitting the combustion product stream into a first stream and a second stream using a flow regulation unit.
  • the first stream is used for preheating the first working media in the first recuperation unit and the second stream is used for preheating a part of the second working media in the heat recovery unit.
  • the method further comprises splitting the second working media into a first stream and a second stream using the flow regulation unit.
  • the first stream is preheated in the second recuperation unit.
  • the second stream is preheated in the heat recovery unit.
  • the method further comprises combusting the fuel containing one or more compounds selected from a group consisting of carbonaceous material, hydrogen and oxygen.
  • oxygen is supplied to the combustion unit through one or both, the first working media and the fuel.
  • the second working media comprises a fluid containing carbon dioxide.
  • the method further comprises expanding the first working media in a plurality of expanders in the first expansion unit.
  • the plurality of expanders is operated in series or parallel.
  • the first expansion unit is configured to perform reheating operation between the pluralities of expanders.
  • the method further comprises expanding the second working media in a plurality of expanders in the second expansion unit.
  • the plurality of expanders is operated in series or parallel.
  • the second expansion unit is configured to perform a reheating operation between the pluralities of expanders.
  • the method further comprises operating the first compression unit and the second compression unit at pressure ratios within a range of 1.01 to 100.
  • the method further comprises adding a polar chemical compound to the first working media circulated in the first power block.
  • the method further comprises operating the first power block in an open loop or in a semi-closed loop to circulate the first working media containing oxygen or carbon dioxide.
  • the method further comprises operating the second power block in a semi-closed loop configured with at least one combustor of the combustion unit in the second power block.
  • the various embodiments herein provide a system and method for power generation using combined cycle technology with two power blocks, namely, a first power block and a second power block.
  • the two power blocks interact using a heat recovery unit wherein the first expansion unit exhaust (turbine exhaust) of the first power block transfers a part of heat to the second power block.
  • first expansion unit exhaust turbine exhaust
  • a part of the heat available in a the combustion product stream in the first power block after expansion is used to heat a second working media in the second power block using the heat recovery unit and the remaining heat is internally recuperated within the first power block.
  • the waste heat exhaust of the first power block turbine or the exhaust of the first expansion unit
  • the system and method comprise oxygen rich media and burnt fuel in the first power block and carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) and/or other mixtures in the second power block as the working media.
  • C0 2 carbon dioxide
  • the specific choice of these media and the operating conditions leads to controlled temperature differential in the heat exchangers resulting in an increased overall efficiency of the combined cycle technology and thus approaching the upper thermodynamic efficiency limit.
  • thermodynamic configuration using two Brayton cycles involving air and supercritical C0 2 in the first power block and the second power block, respectively is proposed.
  • Use of these media in the first power block and the second power block is capable of increasing heat to electricity conversion efficiencies as high as 10% when compared to the conventional combined cycle through mitigating scope for irreversible heat transfer in all the heat exchanger units used in the system.
  • This configuration thus maximizes the potential of the gradual and orderly heat transfer in all the heat exchangers.
  • the further scope for cycle efficiency enhancement can only be realized by improving the turbo-machinery efficiencies.
  • the residual heat which is not transmitted to the second power block is regenerated in the first power block cycle in a gradual and orderly manner.
  • This leads to a method of power generation wherein the scope of entropy generation due to heat transfer is reduced to a significantly lower value thus getting closer to the efficiency limit specified by 2 nd law of thermodynamics.
  • This provides the thermodynamic architecture a highest peak in the landscape of technologies formed by various possible combined cycle technologies.
  • a system and method for power generation using a high efficiency combined cycle technology to convert thermal energy into mechanical/electrical energy comprises two working fluid circuits circulating a first working media, a second working media and a heat recovery unit for establishing thermal connection between the two said fluid circuits.
  • the first recuperation unit is configured for utilizing heat from the exhaust of the heat recovery unit within the first power block.
  • the first power block also comprises a combustion unit in fluid communication with the first recuperation unit and configured for heating the first working media using the heat of combustion of fuel; and a first expansion unit arranged between the high and low pressure side of the first working media and fluidly connected to a heat recovery unit.
  • the second working fluid circuit referred to as a second power block, is in thermal communication with the first power block through the heat recovery unit configured to heat the second working media using a part of the heat available at the exhaust of the first expansion unit of the first power block.
  • the second power block comprises a second expansion unit arranged between a high pressure level and a low pressure level maintained in the second power block configured for receiving and expanding the heated second working media discharged from the outlet of the heat recovery unit.
  • the term 'level' should be interchangeably read as 'side' in context of defining the pressure sides or levels.
  • the second power block also comprises a second recuperation unit fluidly connected to the low pressure outlet of the second expansion unit and configured for transferring heat from the low pressure exhaust of the second expansion unit.
  • the second power block further comprises a cooling unit fluidly connected to the second recuperation unit and configured for cooling the second working media received from the low pressure outlet of the second recuperation unit employing dry- or wet-cooling mechanism and a second compression unit fluidly connected to the cooling unit and configured for increasing the pressure of the second working media from the low pressure level to the high pressure level. .
  • the system and method is further configured for exploiting various thermodynamic states of the second working media in the second power block.
  • the second working media does not undergo phase change in any part of second power cycle, thus operating in Brayton cycle configuration.
  • the second working media operates in supercritical state (both, the low pressure level and the high pressure level of the second working media are above the critical pressure of the second working media), transcritical state (only the high pressure level of second working media is higher than the critical pressure of the second working media), subcritical state (both, the low pressure level and the high pressure level of the second working media are lower than the critical pressure of the second working media).
  • the second working media in the second power block involves a phase change during heat rejection and/or heat addition process, similar to steam Rankine cycle.
  • the system is configured for transferring increased amount of heat from the combustion product stream to the second working media through the heat recovery unit in order to eliminate the first expansion unit from the first power block thereby transferring all the heat of combustion available in the first working media or in the combustion product stream to the second working media.
  • the system and method is configured for regulating the amount of heat transferred to the second working media by controlling the amount of mass flow through the first expansion unit in the first power block.
  • This comprises placing a flow regulation unit which comprises of a flow divider valve (FDV) in a fluidly connected way between the high pressure level and the low pressure level of the first expansion unit in parallel facilitating a part of the first working media to bypass the first expansion device through a throttle valve.
  • FDV flow divider valve
  • the second power block employs a recuperation effect carried out in a second recuperation unit that comprises two recuperators.
  • the mass flow rates of the second working media are divided in two streams using a flow regulation unit (also referred to as FDV) and the divided streams of the second working media are pressurized to a high pressure level in a compression unit comprising two compressors.
  • the division of the mass flow rates of the second working media using the flow regulation unit (also referred to as FDV) provides minimum temperature differential during heat exchange process in the recuperation unit across the low pressure level and the high pressure level second working media resulting in lower irreversibility generation and thus higher power generation efficiency.
  • the second power block is operated at three pressure levels referred to as a high pressure level, an intermediate pressure level and a low pressure level.
  • the outlet of the expansion unit is at the low pressure level, while the cooling effect is carried out at the intermediate pressure level which is determined by the ambient conditions. This lowers the high pressure requirement in the second power block but provides large temperature differential in one of the recuperator.
  • the system minimizes the temperature differential across a recuperation unit, comprising two recuperators while the low pressure requirement in the second power block is maintained.
  • This comprises division of the mass flow rate of the second working media at the intermediate pressure level using an FDV.
  • FDV mass flow rate of the second working media
  • a cooler is provided to further cool the second working media at the low pressure level resulting in a lower compression work involved in pressurizing second working fluid from the lower pressure level to the intermediate pressure level.
  • a fuel-based combined cycle technology system and method are provided.
  • the description highlights several embodiments of the invention provided mainly as examples to better describe the disclosure without limiting the scope of the invention. These embodiments describe different configurations, arrangements, features and methods along with various figures to schematically describe them. The embodiments are frequently referred to each other, which by itself do not constitute a relationship between them. Moreover, it is possible to combine the features or parts of one embodiment with that of another embodiment in different ways without deviating from the scope of this disclosure.
  • FIG. 1A illustrates a block diagram of a combined cycle system, according to one embodiment herein.
  • the combined cycle system 100 comprises two power blocks, known as a first power block 101 and a second power block 105.
  • the first power block 101 generates mechanical energy using heat of combustion of a fuel in a Brayton cycle circulating a first working media.
  • the first power block 101 has at least two pressure sides that include a first low pressure side 103 and a first high pressure side 102.
  • the first power block 101 comprises a first compression unit 111 having at least one compressor.
  • the first compression unit 111 is configured to pressurize the first working media from the first low pressure side 103 to the first high pressure side 102.
  • a first recuperation unit 121 has at least one recuperator.
  • the at least one recuperator of the first recuperation unit 121 is configured to preheat the pressurized first working media on the first high pressure side 102 using heat available in the first low pressure side 103 of the first power block 101.
  • a combustion unit 131 has at least one combustor.
  • the at least one combustor of the combustion unit 131 is configured to receive the preheated first working media along with the fuel.
  • the said combustion unit 131 converts the chemical energy of the fuel to heat energy thereby heating the first working media and discharging a combined mass as a combustion product stream at a temperature range of 600 °C to 2000 °C.
  • a first expansion unit 141 has at least one expander.
  • the first expansion unit 141 is configured to expand the combustion product stream from the first high pressure side 102 to the first low pressure side 103 for generating mechanical energy.
  • the mechanical energy generated in the first expansion unit 141 may also be converted to electrical energy.
  • a heat recovery unit 151 has at least one heat exchanger. The at least one heat exchanger is configured to recover heat from the combustion product stream available on the first low pressure side 103 of the first power block 101.
  • the second power block 105 of the combined cycle system 100 circulating a second working media in a closed loop generates mechanical energy using heat recovered from the heat recovery unit 151.
  • the second power block 105 has at least two pressure sides that include a second low pressure side 107 and a second high pressure side 106.
  • a second expansion unit 161 has at least one expander, and wherein the second expansion unit 161 is configured to expand the second working media from the second high pressure side 106 to the second low pressure side 107 for generating mechanical energy.
  • the mechanical energy generated in the second expansion unit 161 is also converted to electrical energy.
  • a second recuperation unit 171 has at least one recuperator.
  • the at least one recuperator of the second recuperation unit 171 is configured for cooling the expanded second working media available on the second low pressure side 107 by rejecting the heat to the second working media available on the second high pressure side 106. Further, a cooling unit 181 having at least one cooler is configured to cool the second working media circulating in the second power block 105. A second compression unit 191 has at least one compressor. The second compression unit 191 is configured to pressurise the second working media from the second low pressure side 107 to the second high pressure side 106.
  • each one of the recuperators in the first recuperation unit 121 has a hot end and a cold end and wherein the difference between the temperature gradients at the hot end and the cold end is maintained below 80 °C.
  • the at least one heat exchangers in the heat recovery unit 131 has a hot end and a cold end. The difference between the temperature gradients at the hot end and the cold end of the at least one heat exchanger of the heat recovery unit 131 is maintained below 40 °C.
  • the at least one of the recuperator in the second recuperation unit 171 has a hot end and a cold end. The difference between the temperature gradients at the hot end and the cold end of the at least one recuperator of the second recuperation unit is maintained below 80 °C.
  • the term temperature gradient is defined as the difference in temperature between a hot stream and a cold stream exchanging heat at the given point of a recuperator or a heat exchanger.
  • the first compression unit 111 or/and the second compression unit 191 comprise a single stage or multi-stage compressors(s) or pumps operating in series or parallel. In case, where multi-stage compressors are used, the inter-cooling operation is provided or not provided in between the stages and the said cooling is wet or dry.
  • the first expansion unit 141 or/and the second expansion unit 161 comprise single or multi-stage expanders operated in series or parallel.
  • the first expansion unit 141 or/and the second expansion unit 161 comprise one or more expanders selected from a group consisting of centrifugal type of turbines, aero derivative turbines, and positive displacement expanders.
  • reheating facility is provided or not provided between the stages, and the reheating is achieved by using a part of the heat available in the combustion unit 131 or by having an additional combustor in the combustion unit 131.
  • the fuel comprises one or more elements/compounds selected from a group consisting of carbonaceous origin, hydrogen and oxygen.
  • the second working media in the second power block 105 is carbon-dioxide as the sole component or mixed with one or more organic fluids such as but not limited to alkanes, alkenes and alkynes.
  • the first power block 101 is an open loop and the first working media comprises a fluid containing oxygen including but not limited to air.
  • the oxygen component of the first working fluid assists in the combustion of the fuel in the combustion unit 131 to convert chemical energy to heat energy.
  • a flow regulation unit 136 (not shown in FIG.
  • the flow regulation unit 136 further comprises flow unit 136 comprising flow regulators, flow controllers, flow dividers, pressure relief valves or any such device for regulating, controlling or dividing the flow of the one or more fluids selected from the group consisting of the first working media, the combustion product stream and the second working media.
  • the regulated flow helps in redistributing energy from excess to deficient areas of the first power block 101 and/or the second power block 105, thereby controlling the difference in temperature gradients in the heat recovery unit 151 and/or the first recuperation unit 121 and/or the second recuperation unit 171 of the combined cycle system 100.
  • the process of capturing carbon dioxide or other similar gases produced during the combustion process is also coupled with the combined cycle disclosed in the invention.
  • the first power block 101 is an open loop and the combustion product stream made available at an outlet of the first recuperation unit on the first low pressure side of the first power block 101 is post treated for capturing carbon dioxide.
  • the first power block 101 is an open loop and the fuel is pre-treated using an oxygen rich stream for partially oxidizing or reforming the fuel before supplying to the first power block 101.
  • the first power block 101 is a semi- closed loop and the first working media comprises a fluid containing carbon dioxide.
  • the use of carbon dioxide in media comprises a fluid containing carbon dioxide.
  • the use of carbon dioxide in the first working media is carried out in a thermodynamic cycle that operates in either Brayton or transcritical or Rankine cycle mode. Further, the carbon dioxide generated in the combustion unit 131 is expanded instead of being pressurized to produce a cooling effect.
  • both, the first working media and the second working media comprise a fluid containing carbon dioxide. Further, one or more media in the group formed by the first working media, the second working media and the combustion product stream is mixed with each other at the appropriate thermodynamic stages of the combined cycle system. In such cases, the thermodynamic processes in the first power block and the second power block is combined and carried out in a cascaded manner.
  • the first working media and the fuel are oxidised in the presence of oxygen using an electro-chemical reaction. Further, the first working media and/or the combustion product stream are configured to undergo changes in chemical and physical properties while circulating in the first power block 101 by adding a polar chemical compound such as water to the first working media or the combustion product stream. Further, the heat available in the combined cycle system 100 is utilized for providing the heat to the additive or the fuel. [00158] According to one embodiment herein, the heat available from the first power block 101 and/or the second power block 105 is utilized in the processes related to organic Rankine cycle, thermal desalination, cooling or any such applications.
  • the first compression unit 111 and the second compression unit 191 are operated at pressure ratios within the range of 1.01 to 100.
  • FIG. IB illustrates a block diagram of a combined cycle system provided with a first high pressure side 102, a first low pressure side 103 and a first intermediate pressure side 104 in the first power block 101 and the second high pressure side 106, a second low pressure side 107 and a second intermediate pressure side 108 in the second power block 105 of combined cycle system 100, according to one embodiment herein.
  • the first high pressure side 102, the first low pressure side 103 and the first intermediate pressure side 104 in the first power block 101, and the second high pressure side 106, the second low pressure side 107 and the second intermediate pressure side 108 in the second power block 105 are marked using dotted lines.
  • FIG. 1C illustrates a block diagram of a combined cycle system indicating a first working media circuit and a second working media circuit, according to one embodiment herein.
  • the flow of the first working media (along with the combustion product stream) and the second working media through the combined cycle system is depicted using dotted lines with arrows.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a block circuit diagram of a combined cycle system 200, according to one embodiment herein.
  • the first power block 201 comprises a first low pressure side 103 and a first high pressure side 102.
  • a compressor 112 in the first compression unit 111 pressurizes the first working media and delivers to the first high pressure side.
  • the first working media is received and preheated by a recuperator 122 of the first recuperation unit 121.
  • the preheated first working media is sent to a combustor 132 of the combustion unit 131 to discharge the combustion product stream.
  • the combustion product stream is expanded in an expander 142 of the first expansion unit 141 delivering the combustion product stream to the first low pressure side 103.
  • a heat exchanger 152 of the heat recovery unit 151 receives and cools the expanded combustion product stream, which is then sent to the first low pressure side 103 of the recuperator 122 of the first recuperation unit 121 for further cooling.
  • the cooled combustion product stream is vented or used for any application.
  • the heat recovered from the heat exchanger 152 of the heat recovery unit 151 is utilized to heat the second working media in the second power block having a second high pressure side 106 and a second low pressure side 107.
  • the heated second working media on the second high pressure side 106 is expanded in an expander 162 of the second expansion unit 161 and delivered to the second low pressure side 107.
  • the expanded second working media is cooled in a recuperator 172 of the second recuperation unit 171 before being sent to a cooler 182 of the cooling unit 181.
  • the cooled second working media is pressurized in a compressor 192 of the second compression unit 191 and delivered to the high pressure side of the recuperator 172 of the second recuperation unit 171 for preheating.
  • the pre -heated second working media is delivered to the high pressure side of the heat exchanger 152 of the heat recovery unit 151 to complete the loop.
  • the second power block is configured in such a way that the second working media is operated in any thermodynamic regime in reference to the critical point of the second working media, namely supercritical, transcritical or subcritical states.
  • the combined cycle system is configured to throttle a part of the combustion product stream across the first expansion unit 141 or to operate in the absence of the first expansion unit 141.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a block circuit diagram of a combined cycle system, indicating an exemplary combined cycle system, according to one embodiment herein.
  • the second working media exiting the expander 162 of the second expansion unit 161 is cooled in two recuperators 172 and 374 connected in series in the second recuperation unit 171.
  • the second working media exiting the second recuperation unit 171 is divided into two streams using a flow regulator 336 of the flow regulation unit 136.
  • the first stream is compressed in a compressor 394 of the second compression unit 191 and the second stream is cooled in a cooler 182 of the cooling unit 181.
  • the second stream is further pressurized in compressor 192 of the compression unit 191 before being preheated in the recuperator 374 of the second recuperation unit 171.
  • the second stream is merged with the pressurized first stream from the compressor 394 of the second compression unit 191 and further heated in the recuperator 172 of the second recuperation unit 171.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a block circuit diagram of a combined cycle system, indicating another example of combined cycle system, according to one embodiment herein.
  • the second power block 405 comprises three pressure sides, namely, a second low pressure side 107, a second intermediate pressure side 108 and a second high pressure side 106 as depicted in Fig. IB.
  • the second compression unit 191 is configured to operate in multi-stages with an inter-cooling operation provided between a compressor 192 and a compressor 494 of the second compression unit 191.
  • the heat available in the inter- cooling operation is recuperated within the second power block 405 using a recuperator 374 of the second recuperation unit 171.
  • the second working media exiting the expander 162 of the second expansion unit 161 is cooled in recuperator 172 of the second recuperation unit 171, before being sent to the compressor 192 of the second compression unit 191.
  • the second working media exits the compressor 192 of the second compression unit 191 on to the second intermediate pressure side 108 and is further cooled in the recuperator 374 of the second recuperation unit 171, before being cooled again in the cooler 182 of the cooling unit 181.
  • the second working media exiting the cooling unit is pressurized in the compressor 494 of the compression unit 191 and delivered on to the second high pressure side 106 before being preheated in series in the recuperators 374 and 172 of the second recuperation unit 171.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a block circuit diagram of a combined cycle system, indicating yet another example of combined cycle system, according to one embodiment herein.
  • the second power block 505 comprises three pressure sides, namely, a second low pressure side 107, a second intermediate pressure side 108 and a second high pressure side 106.
  • the second working media exiting the expander 162 of the second expansion unit 161 is cooled in two recuperators 172 and 374 connected in series in the second recuperation unit 171.
  • the second working media exiting the second recuperation unit 171 is pressurized in the compressor 192 of the second compression unit 191 and delivered on to the second intermediate pressure side 108.
  • the second working media available on the second intermediate pressure side 108 is divided into two streams using a flow regulator 536 of the flow regulation unit 136.
  • the first stream is compressed in a compressor 594 of the second compression unit 191 and delivered on to the high pressure side while the second stream is cooled in a cooler 182 of the cooling unit 181.
  • the second stream is further pressurized in compressor 494 of the compression unit 191 and delivered on to the high pressure side for preheating in the recuperator 374 of the second recuperation unit 171.
  • the second stream is merged with the pressurized first stream from the compressor 594 of the second compression unit 191 and further heated in the recuperator 172 of the second recuperation unit 171.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a block circuit diagram of a combined cycle system, indicating yet another example of combined cycle system, according to one embodiment herein.
  • the second power block 605 comprises a cooler 684 of the cooling unit 181 operating on the second low pressure side 107 to lower the work of compression in the compressor 494 of the second compression unit 191.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a block circuit diagram of a combined cycle system, indicating yet another example of combined cycle system, according to one embodiment herein.
  • the combustion product stream available at the outlet of the expander 142 of the first expansion unit 141 is cooled in heat exchanger 152 of the heat recovery unit 151.
  • the combustion product stream is divided into two streams using a flow regulator 736 of the flow regulation unit 136.
  • the two streams comprise a first stream and a second stream.
  • the first stream is sent to the recuperator 122 of the first recuperation unit 121 for cooling.
  • the second stream passes through heat exchanger 754 of the heat recovery unit 151 for cooling.
  • the second working media available at the outlet of the compressor 192 of the second compression unit 191 is divided into two streams called a third stream and fourth stream using a flow regulator 737 of the flow regulation unit 136.
  • the third stream is preheated in the recuperator 172 of the second recuperation unit 171.
  • the fourth stream is heated in the heat exchanger 754 of the heat recovery unit 151 and subsequently merged with the preheated third stream.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a block circuit diagram of a combined cycle system, indicating yet another example of combined cycle system, according to one embodiment herein.
  • the first power block 801 comprises three pressure sides known as the first low pressure side 103, the first intermediate pressure side 104 and the first high pressure side 102.
  • the first compression unit 191 is configured for operation in multi- stages with an inter-cooling operation provided between a compressor 112 and a compressor 814 of the first compression unit 111.
  • the heat available in the inter-cooling operation is supplied for heating the second working media in the second power block 805 using a heat exchanger 754 of the heat recovery unit 151.
  • the first working media is pressurized in a compressor 112 of the first compression unit 111 from the first low pressure side 103 to the first intermediate pressure side 104 before being sent to a heat exchanger 754 of the heat recovery unit 151 for cooling.
  • the first working media available at the outlet of the heat exchanger 754 is sent to a compressor 814 for further pressurizing the first working media to the first high pressure side 102.
  • the second working media available at the outlet of the compressor 192 of the second compression unit 191 is heated in the heat exchanger 754 of the heat recovery unit 151 before being sent to the recuperator 172 of the second recuperation unit 171 for further heating.
  • the second power block 905 comprises three pressure side; a second low pressure side 107, a second intermediate pressure side 108, and a second high pressure side 106.
  • the combustion product stream available at the outlet of the first expansion unit 141 is cooled in a heat exchanger 152 of the heat recovery unit 151. Subsequently, the combustion product stream is divided into two streams using a flow regulator 936 of the flow regulation unit 136, called a first stream and a second stream.
  • the first stream is sent to the recuperator 122 of the first recuperation unit 121 for cooling.
  • the second stream passes through heat exchanger 954 of the heat recovery unit 151 for cooling.
  • the second working media made available at the outlet of the second expansion unit 161 is cooled in three stages before being pressurized in a compressor 994 of the second compression unit 191.
  • the second working media made available at the outlet of the second expansion unit 161 is cooled firstly in a recuperator 172 of the second recuperation unit 171, secondly in a recuperator 974 of the second recuperation unit 171 and thirdly in a cooler 182 of the cooling unit 181.
  • the second working media made available at the second intermediate pressure side 108 is divided into a third stream and a fourth stream using a flow regulator 937 of the flow regulation unit 136.
  • the fourth stream undergoes a three stage process before the third stream and the fourth stream are merged on the second high pressure side.
  • the fourth stream is firstly cooled in a cooler 984 of the cooling unit 181, secondly pressurized in a pump 996 of the second compression unit 191 and thirdly preheated in the recuperator 974 of the second recuperation unit 171.
  • the merged second working media on the second high pressure side 106 is further divided into a fifth stream and a sixth stream using a flow regulator 938 of the flow regulation unit 136.
  • the fifth stream is preheated in a recuperator 172 of the second recuperation unit 171
  • the sixth stream is heated in the heat exchanger 954 of the heat recovery unit 151.
  • the preheated fifth stream and the heated sixth stream are merged and sent to the heat exchanger 152 of the heat recovery unit 151 for further heating.
  • the excess heat available in the first power block can be used for other similar processes such as but not limited to heating up the fuel without deviating from the spirit of the present disclosure to achieve similar objectives.
  • the second power block can receive the deficient heat from the external processes such as but not limited to processes related to carbon capture and storage and coal gasification without deviating from the spirit of the present disclosure to achieve similar objectives.
  • Table 1 Improvement in efficiency of energy conversion of the various embodiments over the conventional combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) systems operating with steam in the bottom cycle:
  • the variables contributing to performance improvement are broadly grouped as follows: number of heat exchangers in the heat recovery unit (1 or 2), presence of flow regulation in the first power block, presence of flow regulation in the second power block, and more than two pressure sides in the second power block. Each variable contributes to a higher overall performance efficiency, while the effect of some variables being higher than that of others. These variables are coupled with each other to realize further improvements in the performance efficiency.
  • the Table 1 highlights the range of efficiency improvements that are realized when one of the above variables is fixed and the remaining are allowed to vary.
  • the embodiments herein provide a system and method for power generation with high fuel-to-electricity efficiency using combined cycle technology comprising two power blocks. This technology helps approaching the thermodynamic limit of efficiency.
  • the disclosed combined cycle system incurs a low volumetric flow rate throughout the thermodynamic cycle by avoiding sub-atmospheric pressures which are inevitable in the conventional combined cycle systems.
  • the high power densities of power generation in the disclosed combined cycle system opens up the possibility of using this technology not only in the stationary applications but also in the mobile applications such as but not limited to aviation and marine.
  • the combined cycle technology is also perceived to be a capital efficient scheme of power generation as the bill of material associated with the material of construction can be significantly brought down owing to higher power densities.

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Abstract

Les modes de réalisation de la présente invention concernent un système et un procédé de production d'énergie utilisant une technologie à cycle combiné avec deux blocs de puissance. Une partie de la chaleur disponible dans un premier milieu de travail dans un premier bloc d'alimentation après expansion est utilisée pour chauffer un second milieu de travail dans un second bloc d'alimentation à l'aide d'une unité de récupération de chaleur et la chaleur restante est récupérée à l'intérieur du premier bloc d'alimentation. Le milieu de travail comprend des milieux riches en oxygène et de combustible brûlé dans le premier bloc d'alimentation et du dioxyde de carbone et/ou d'autres mélanges dans le second bloc d'alimentation. La sélection de ces milieux, les configurations architecturales et les conditions de fonctionnement conduisent à une augmentation sensible de l'efficacité globale de la technologie à cycle combiné, ce qui s'approche ainsi de la limite d'efficacité thermodynamique.
PCT/IN2017/050598 2017-01-11 2017-12-15 Système thermodynamique de production d'énergie à cycle combiné WO2018131051A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111828114A (zh) * 2020-07-18 2020-10-27 西安交通大学 一种耦合温差发电的布雷顿循环发电系统及运行方法

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