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WO2018136058A1 - Système de lentilles de grand angle térahertz-gigahertz - Google Patents

Système de lentilles de grand angle térahertz-gigahertz Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018136058A1
WO2018136058A1 PCT/US2017/014039 US2017014039W WO2018136058A1 WO 2018136058 A1 WO2018136058 A1 WO 2018136058A1 US 2017014039 W US2017014039 W US 2017014039W WO 2018136058 A1 WO2018136058 A1 WO 2018136058A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lens element
lens
terahertz
gigahertz
image sensor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2017/014039
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Lawrence Dah-Ching TZUANG
Yen-Ju Wu
Original Assignee
Archit Lens Technology Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Archit Lens Technology Inc. filed Critical Archit Lens Technology Inc.
Priority to PCT/US2017/014039 priority Critical patent/WO2018136058A1/fr
Priority to CN201780000209.XA priority patent/CN110050216A/zh
Publication of WO2018136058A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018136058A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/06—Panoramic objectives; So-called "sky lenses" including panoramic objectives having reflecting surfaces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G02B1/02—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of crystals, e.g. rock-salt, semi-conductors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/14—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below for use with infrared or ultraviolet radiation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B9/00—Optical objectives characterised both by the number of the components and their arrangements according to their sign, i.e. + or -
    • G02B9/12—Optical objectives characterised both by the number of the components and their arrangements according to their sign, i.e. + or - having three components only

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the quasi-optical fisheye lens system, especially to the fisheye lens system designed particularly for the terahertz-gigahertz (THz) ray.
  • THz terahertz-gigahertz
  • the fisheye lens system generally has a lens or a set of lens elements where the Field of View (FOV) is about 160 ° to 180 ° or more and the incidence angle of an incident ray is nonlinearly dependent on the image height on the image plane.
  • FOV Field of View
  • the fisheye lens system has been applied in many applications, for example but not limited to the following: special camera lenses, scientific study, all-sky observation photography, entertainment, and security surveillance.
  • the imaging system may use the fisheye lens system to provide a very wide or hemispherical image, to project semi- spherical surface on a plane and so on.
  • the present invention proposes the fisheye lens system for the THZ ray.
  • the lens elements in the present invention are made of quartz or other similar material(s) (in terms of the refractive index), and the fisheye lens system design is applicable in the frequency range of about 20 to 200 GHz.
  • Some embodiments are several versions of the fisheye lens system that the lens elements are made of quartz and/ or other material(s) having similar refractive indices. These embodiments use only three lens element with different shapes, sizes and spacing between adjacent lens elements. On each of the two particularly illustrated embodiments, one lens element has a spherical surface and a planar surface, another lens element has two different spherical surfaces, and the other lens element has another two different spherical surfaces. Furthermore, for all of illustrated and non-illustrated embodiments, the refractive index of material used to form the lens elements, the distance between neighboring lens elements, the thickness of each lens element, the diameter of each lens element, and the radius of each surface of each lens element may be altered slightly.
  • the EFL Effective Focal Length
  • the F# f- number
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional illustration of an embodiment of a terahertz-gigahertz fisheyes lens system that includes three lens elements made of quartz.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional illustration of an embodiment of a terahertz-gigahertz fisheye lens system that includes three lens elements made of quartz.
  • terahertz-gigahertz fisheye lens system designed for terahertz- gigahertz rays. These proposed terahertz-gigahertz fisheye lens system are some kind of quasi-optical fisheye lens system and may be implemented in or attached to the terahertz-gigahertz camera, the terahertz-gigahertz imaging system, the terahertz-gigahertz sensing system, or many other terahertz-gigahertz systems/ applications. [0011] Two of the present embodiments of the terahertz-gigahertz fisheye lens system are particularly illustrated.
  • Each illustrated embodiment has three lens elements made of quartz, where the three lens elements are concave-piano lens element, concave-convex lens element and convex- convex lens element respectively. Further, each non-planer surface of the three lens elements is a spherical surface, although all non-planar surfaces of these lens elements are different.
  • each of these illustrated fisheye lens systems is rotational symmetrical along the optical axis extending from the left hand side to the right hand side of the drawing.
  • the image plane and the object where the THZ rays come from are positioned on two opposite sides of these lens elements along the optical axis respectively.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the cross-sectional structure of an example embodiment (THz fisheye lens system 100), which consists of three lens elements 101, 102 and 103 positioned along the optical axis in sequence and are all made of quartz with refractive index 1.95, covers the applications for terahertz-gigahertz rays within the frequency range of 20 to 200 GHz. To simplify the drawings, only the terahertz-gigahertz rays arrived at the upper half of the image formed on the image plane (where an image sensor is positioned) is illustrated.
  • THz fisheye lens system 100 which consists of three lens elements 101, 102 and 103 positioned along the optical axis in sequence and are all made of quartz with refractive index 1.95, covers the applications for terahertz-gigahertz rays within the frequency range of 20 to 200 GHz. To simplify the drawings, only the terahertz-gigahertz rays arrived at the upper half of the image formed on the image plane (where an image sensor is positioned) is illustrated
  • the first lens element 101 is a plano-concave lens element having a spherical left surface and a planar right surface
  • the second lens element 102 is a concave-convex lens element having two different spherical surfaces
  • the third lens element 103 is a convex-convex lens element having another two different spherical surfaces. Therefore, the terahertz-gigahertz rays propagated from the most left side of these lens elements 101- 103 may be properly focused on the image plane behind the most right side of these lens elements 101- 103.
  • the radius is positive if the center of curvature is on the right hand side of the lens element and is negative if the center of curvature is on the left hand side of the lens element.
  • the diameter is defined as the size of the cross-section perpendicular to the optical axis.
  • the thickness/ distance is defined as the distance between two adjacent neighboring surfaces along the optical axis.
  • the total track length TTL of a fisheye lens system is defined as the distance from the image plane to a surface of the lens elements most far away from the image plane along the optical axis.
  • the EFL is defined as the distance between the rear principal plane of the lens system to the rear focal point positioned behind the last lens element (i.e., behind the rightmost surface of these lens elements) calculated at infinite conjugate.
  • the aperture stop is positioned between the first lens element 101 and the second lens element 102. The distance between the right surface of the first lens element 101 and the aperture stop is 101 mm, and the diameter of the aperture stop is 150 mm.
  • the image sensor is positioned on the right side of the right surface of the lens element 103, and the distance between the third lens element 103 and image sensor is 130 mm.
  • the diameter of the image sensor is 320 mm.
  • the radius of the left surface ( 1097 mm) is shorter than the radius of the right surface (infinite), but for both lens elements 102/ 103, the radius of the left surface (2657 mm/ 826 mm) of each of lens elements 102/ 103 is longer than the radius of the right surface (315 mm/ 387 mm).
  • the thickness (50 mm) of lens element 102 is larger than the thickness (20 mm) of lens element 101 but is smaller than the thickness (90 mm) of lens element 103.
  • the thickness/ distance for surface 1 defines the thickness of lens element 101 along the optical axis
  • the thickness/ distance for surface 5 defines the distance between the right surface of lens element 102 to the left surface of the lens element 103 along the optical axis.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the cross-sectional structure of an example embodiment (THz fisheye lens system 200), which consists of three lens elements 201, 202 and 203 positioned along the optical axis in sequence and are all made of quartz with refractive index 1.95, covers the applications for terahertz-gigahertz rays within frequency range of 20 to 200 GHz. To simplify the drawings, only the terahertz-gigahertz rays arrived at the upper half of the image formed on the image plane is illustrated.
  • THz fisheye lens system 200 which consists of three lens elements 201, 202 and 203 positioned along the optical axis in sequence and are all made of quartz with refractive index 1.95, covers the applications for terahertz-gigahertz rays within frequency range of 20 to 200 GHz.
  • terahertz-gigahertz rays arrived at the upper half of the image formed on the image plane is illustrated.
  • the lens element 201 is a concave-piano lens element having a spherical left surface and a planar right surface
  • the lens element 202 is a concave-convex lens element having two different spherical surfaces
  • the lens element 203 is a convex-convex lens element having another two different spherical surfaces. Therefore, the terahertz-gigahertz rays propagated from the most left side of these lens elements 201-203 may be properly focused on the image plane behind the most right side of these lens elements 201-203.
  • Lens Element 101 INF Flat 40.5 mm 1.0 160 mm (Right Surface)
  • Lens Element 103 331 mm Spherical 43 mm 1.95 160 mm
  • the radius is positive if the center of curvature is on the right hand side of the lens element and is negative if the center of curvature is on the left hand side of the lens element.
  • the diameter is defined as the size of the cross-section perpendicular to the optical axis.
  • the thickness/ distance is defined as the distance between two adjacent neighboring surfaces along the optical axis.
  • the total track length TTL of a fisheye lens system is defined as the distance from the image plane to a surface of the lens elements most far away from the image plane along the optical axis.
  • the EFL is defined as the distance from the rear principal plane of the lens system to the rear focal point positioned behind the last lens element (i.e., behind the rightmost surface of these lens elements) calculated at infinite conjugate.
  • the aperture stop is positioned between the first lens element 201 and the second lens element 202.
  • the distance between the right surface of the first lens element 201 and the aperture stop is 40.5 mm, and the diameter of the aperture stop is 60 mm.
  • the image sensor is positioned on the right hand side of the right surface of the lens element 203, and the distance between the third lens element 203 and image sensor is 51 mm.
  • the diameter of the image sensor is 120 mm.
  • the radius of the left surface (439 mm) is shorter than the radius of the right surface (infinite), but for both lens elements 202/203, the radius of the left surface ( 1062 mm/ 331 mm) is longer than the radius of the right surface ( 126 mm/ 155 mm).
  • the thickness (31 mm) of lens element 202 is larger than the thickness (9.5 mm) of lens element 201 but is smaller than the thickness (43 mm) of lens element 203.
  • the thickness/ distance for surface 1 defines the thickness of lens element 201 along the optical axis
  • the thickness/ distance for surface 5 defines the distance between the right surface of lens element 202 and the left surface of the lens element 203 along the optical axis.
  • the parameters (including at least radius, thickness or distance, and refractive index) listed in Tables IB and 2B may be altered slightly to achieve similar fisheye lens system performance, or to further reduce the lens aberrations, or to conform the housing design, or to account for the slight refractive index changes of the lens materials, or to achieve other benefit(s).
  • the change of these dimensions automatically modifies the corresponding system data shown in Table 1A and Table 2A.
  • the HFOV may be kept at about 80° by properly adjusting the size of the image sensor positioned on the image plane.
  • Table 3 presents the design tolerance and the range of the system data, which presents the acceptable variations of the example THz fisheye lens system 100 and 200. Note that these acceptable variations all have a HFOV about 80° (with image size compensated) and a designed frequency from 20 to 200 GHZ.
  • the geometrical configuration of the proposed THz fisheye lens system include some adjustable parameters, such as the thickness of the lens elements, the radius of each surface of the lens elements and the distance between neighboring lens elements.
  • the material of the lens elements also is an adjustable parameter, and is essentially limited by the refractive index.
  • quartz is only an example material, but the lens elements may be made of any material whose refractive index is located in a range from 90 % of quartz' refractive index to 1 10% of quartz's refractive index. Therefore, the acceptable variations may have a large range without drastically amending the example THz fisheye lens systems 100 and 200.
  • these example embodiments illustrated in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 may be slightly altered to generate other acceptable THz fisheye lens systems.
  • the variations of the THz fisheye lens system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 may have lens element 101 with thickness about 18 to 22 mm (Table IB presents 20 mm and Table 3 presents a range from subtracting 10 % to adding 10 %), lens element 102 with thickness about 45 mm to 55 mm (Table IB presents 50 mm and Table 3 presents a range from subtracting 10 % to adding 10 %), and lens element 103 with thickness about 81 mm to 99 mm (Table IB presents 90 mm and Table 3 presents a range from subtracting 10 % to adding 10 %).
  • lens element 101 and lens element 102 may be separated at a distance about 1 13.4 to 138.6 mm, and lens element 102 and lens element 103 may be separated at a distance about 32.4 to 39.6 mm (by referring to Table IB, Table 2B and Table 3 similarly).
  • the radius of each surface of the three lens elements 101/ 102/ 103 may also be amended by using the same way.
  • the variations of the THz fisheye lens system 100 illustrate in FIG.
  • lens element 101 may have lens element 101 whose left surface has radius about 987.3 mm to 1206.7 mm (Table IB presents 1097 mm and Table 3 presents a range from subtracting 10% to adding 10%) and right surface has an infinite radius (Table IB presents infinite and Table 3 presents a range from subtracting 10 % to adding 10 %), may have lens element 102 whose left surface has radius about 2391.3 mm to 2922.7 mm (Table IB presents 2657 mm and Table 3 presents a range from subtracting 10 % to adding 10 %) and right surface has a radius about 283.5 mm to 346.5 mm (Table IB presents 315 mm and Table 3 presents a range from subtracting 10 % to adding 10 %), and may have lens element 103 whose left surface has radius about 743.4 mm to 908.6 mm (Table IB presents 826 mm and Table 3 presents a range from subtracting 10 % to adding 10 %) and right surface has a radius about 348.3 mm to 425.7 mm (Table IB presents 3
  • the variations of the THz fisheye lens system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 may have lens elements 101/ 102/ 103 made of material with refractive index from 1.755 to 2.
  • 145 Table IB presents refractive index 1.95 and Table 3 presents a range from subtracting 10 % to adding 10 %), which increases the acceptable materials for forming the lens elements 101/ 102/ 103.
  • the material(s) with less weight and less absorption of terahertz- gigahertz ray at the corresponding frequency range shown in Table 1A and Table 2 A are preferred.
  • each of the illustrated embodiments has a different effective focal length (EFL) and a different f-number
  • EFL effective focal length
  • each variation of the present invention may have a different EFL and a different f-number.
  • the proposed THZ fisheye lens systems 101/ 102 all have a HFOV range about 80°.
  • an object positioned on the left side of the first lens element 101/201 and inside the FOV range about 160° may be detected by an image sensor positioned on the right side of the third lens element 103/203.
  • the variations of the THz fisheye lens system illustrated on FIG. 1 and Tables 1A/ 1B are designed such that an object positioned on the left hand side of the first lens element 101 at a finite distance is detected by an image sensor positioned on the right hand side of the third lens element 103 with a finite distance.
  • the variations of the fisheye lens system illustrated on FIG. 2 and Tables 2A/2B are designed such that an object positioned on the left hand side of the first lens element 201 at a finite distance is detected by an image sensor positioned on the right hand side of the third lens element 203 with a finite distance.
  • the size of the lens elements and the spacing between neighboring lens elements may be scaled with the size of the image sensor. That is to say, for each of the illustrated embodiments and their corresponding variations, the configurations of these lens elements may be scaled proportional to the size of the image sensor. Furthermore, not only the size of the aperture stop, but also the distance between the aperture stop and the first lens element (or other lens elements) may also be scaled with the size of the image sensor. For example, if the diameter of the image sensor is scaled up from 320 mm to 640 mm, the corresponding variations of the THz fisheye lens system 100 may have all three lens elements whose diameter, thickness, and radius of each surface doubled. For example, if the diameter of the image sensor is scaled down from 120 mm to 60 mm, the corresponding variations of the THz fisheye lens system 200 may have all three lens elements whose diameter, thickness and radius of each surface cut half.
  • a quasi-optical terahertz-gigahertz fisheye lens system suitable in the frequency range about 20 to 200 GHz may be achieved.
  • the present invention has at least some advantages when compared to the conventional optical fisheye lens system designs. First, the sizes of the lens elements are large enough to have a higher image resolution only limited by diffraction. Second, the present invention uses only three lens elements, and the schematic of the present invention is simpler than the conventional fisheye lens system using typically five or more lens elements. Third, none of the surfaces of these lens elements are aspherical such that the lenses may be simply manufactured.
  • the present invention may be implemented in or attached to the terahertz- gigahertz system, effectively.
  • the present invention is only related to the fisheye lens system itself. In other words, what the terahertz-gigahertz system is and how the proposed fisheye lens system is implemented in or attached to the terahertz-gigahertz system are not limited.
  • the aperture stop is ideally centered with respect to the optical axis.
  • the aperture stop may be a separate part made of materials such as metals or absorbers, which reflects or absorbs the gigahertz-terahertz rays, as well as may be integrated in the lens housing.
  • the aperture stop is covered or integrated with terahertz-gigahertz absorptive materials.
  • the smaller diameter of the aperture stop reduces lens aberration but enhances diffraction of the proposed fisheye lens system.
  • the image sensor is also ideally centered with respect to the optical axis. Any commercial, well-known, on-developed or to-be- appeared sensor capable of receiving and detecting the terahertz-gigahertz ray may be used.
  • the image sensor may be achieved by using a 2D planar array of terahertz-gigahertz sensitive detectors.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Lenses (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des systèmes de lentilles de grand angle térahertz-gigahertz qui peuvent être mis en œuvre dans de nombreux systèmes gigahertz/térahertz (tels qu'un système d'imagerie ou de sécurité) ou fixés à ceux-ci. Chaque système de lentille de grand angle térahertz-gigahertz proposé comprend trois éléments de lentille qui, combinés, fournissent un FOV d'environ 160 °. Chaque élément de lentille est constitué de quartz ou de matériaux ayant des indices de réfraction similaires. Les surfaces de chaque élément de lentille sont soit planes, soit sphériques. En outre, le rayon de courbure, le diamètre, le profil de surface, la taille, l'espacement et le matériau des éléments de lentille peuvent être sélectionnés pour obtenir un rendement de qualité. De plus, pour modifier la distance de focalisation afin d'obtenir une résolution d'imagerie optimale, l'espacement entre ces éléments de lentille et le capteur d'image (ou l'objet) peut être ajusté.
PCT/US2017/014039 2017-01-19 2017-01-19 Système de lentilles de grand angle térahertz-gigahertz WO2018136058A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2017/014039 WO2018136058A1 (fr) 2017-01-19 2017-01-19 Système de lentilles de grand angle térahertz-gigahertz
CN201780000209.XA CN110050216A (zh) 2017-01-19 2017-01-19 太赫兹-吉赫兹鱼眼镜系统

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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PCT/US2017/014039 WO2018136058A1 (fr) 2017-01-19 2017-01-19 Système de lentilles de grand angle térahertz-gigahertz

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CN111897105A (zh) * 2020-08-27 2020-11-06 福建江夏学院 一种宽光谱大视场太赫兹波镜头及其工作方法
WO2021018391A1 (fr) * 2019-07-31 2021-02-04 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Ensemble lentille de capture d'image, dispositif de capture d'image et dispositif électronique

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US20160054546A1 (en) * 2014-08-21 2016-02-25 Omnivision Technologies, Inc. Three-Piece All-Aspheric Adapter Fisheye Lens
CN204462517U (zh) * 2015-03-13 2015-07-08 昆明全波红外科技有限公司 一种三片式150度鱼眼长波红外镜头

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021018391A1 (fr) * 2019-07-31 2021-02-04 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Ensemble lentille de capture d'image, dispositif de capture d'image et dispositif électronique
CN111897105A (zh) * 2020-08-27 2020-11-06 福建江夏学院 一种宽光谱大视场太赫兹波镜头及其工作方法

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