WO2018137014A1

WO2018137014A1 - Hydraulic or pneumatic system

Info

Publication number: WO2018137014A1
Application number: PCT/BR2018/050018
Authority: WO
Inventors: Mário José Tavares CHICA
Original assignee: Caramona Empreendimentos E Participações Ltda
Priority date: 2017-01-27
Filing date: 2018-01-29
Publication date: 2018-08-02
Also published as: BR102017001760A2

Abstract

The present invention relates to a hydraulic or pneumatic system that uses a pressurised fluid to generate mechanical energy, in which the system is able to generate a final power that is much greater than the actuation power thereof. The system comprises a main actuator (1) that moves a generated-power transmission shaft (2), an auxiliary actuator (3) that is connected to the main actuator by means of a fluid communication chamber (4), the auxiliary actuator (3) being mechanically linked to the main actuator (1) via movement transmission means (14), a force and injection unit comprising a fluid source for the system, the force and injection unit being fluidically connected to the fluid communication chamber (4) by a high-pressure line (5), and a feedback line (10) connecting the main actuator (1) to the auxiliary actuator (3). The auxiliary actuator (3) works to maintain a controlled volume of pressurised fluid flowing in the fluid communication chamber (4).

Description

"HYDRAULIC OR PNEUMATIC SYSTEM"

FIELD OF INVENTION

The present invention relates to a hydraulic and / or pneumatic system with straight or rotary hydraulic and / or pneumatic actuators of the type employing an injected fluid for mechanical power generation where the system is capable of generating a power output. slim! much higher than the power used in the injection of the fluid,

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[002] Straight or rotary hydraulic actuators convert fluidic energy to mechanical energy, using fluidic properties to generate motion.

[003] Both hydraulic actuators and pneumatic actuators are systems based on fluid mechanics, where power generation and transmission depends on fluid injection.

Pneumatic actuators employ non-viscous fluid (usually compressed air.), While hydraulic actuators employ viscous liquid fluids such as oils, water-based fluids and synthetic fluids.

[005] The fluidic supply to the actuators is performed through an initial generator system and a distribution system. For hydraulic systems, this initial generator system is usually composed of actuator and pump, which withdraws fluid from the reservoir, and the distribution system is generally composed of piping and valves for control of fluid direction, flow and pressure. The system responsible for converting fluidic (hydraulic / pneumatic) energy into mechanical energy is generally referred to as an actuator system.

A major drawback of the known hydraulic and pneumatic actuators is directly related to said fluidic force injector system and the way this fluid circulates within the actuator chambers to produce mechanical motion.

[007] This injector system must be driven, so that there is a corresponding drive power with the full fluidic filling of the actuator chambers. In fluidic actuators known from the state of the art, the final power ratio obtained and the corresponding drive power are around the uncomfortable factor from 1.00 to 1.50. In these factors and in what hydraulic and pneumatic actuators, practically relegate them to secondary systems merely motion transmitters,

Some hydraulic systems are known in the art which include two hydraulic actuators to handle different load demands.

US 4,769,991, for example, discloses a balanced hydraulic propulsion system comprising two hydraulic actuators powered by a single source of pressurized fluid. Each hydraulic actuator has at least two trim valves. A small fluidic communication line is provided between the valves to equalize fluid pressure and thus prevent dominance of one valve over another.

US 7,836,993 discloses a hydraulic circuit capacity selection device comprising two hydraulic actuators which drive a vehicle's moving means opposite each other. The circuit comprises first, second, third and fourth main ducts that feed the actuators in parallel. The selector is configured to assume a position where power is performed in parallel by the connection between duct pairs and a position where one of the actuators is idle by connecting one of the ducts in one pair to a duct in the other pair.

None of the solutions known in the art, however, show a system that is capable of generating a final power much greater than its drive power.

OBJECTIVES GIVE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to provide a hydraulic or pneumatic system of the type that utilizes fluid injection and transforms it into mechanical energy, where the system is capable of generating a final power much greater than its drive power.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a hydraulic or pneumatic system of the type employing fluidic injection for mechanical power generation, where the final power obtained is greater than the power of the fluidic injection system.

Another object of the present invention is a hydraulic or pneumatic system of the type employing fluidic injection for power generation. mechanics, where the nominal volumetric amount of fluid in the high pressure chamber is controlled for filling, regardless of the fluid volume coming from the fluid injection means.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION GIVES INVENTION

The present invention achieves these and other objects by means of a hydraulic or pneumatic system of the type employing a pressurized fluid for mechanical power generation comprising a main actuator which moves a produced power transmission shaft and a auxiliary actuator that connects to the main actuator through a fluidic communication chamber. The auxiliary actuator is mechanically connected to the main actuator by means of a motion transmission means. The main actuator and auxiliary actuator are in opposite configuration.

The system further comprises a power and injection unit comprising a fluid source for the system; wherein the force and injection unit is fluidly connected to the fluidic communication chamber by a high pressure line. A feedback line connects the main actuator to the auxiliary actuator.

The auxiliary actuator acts to maintain a controlled volume of pressurized circulating fluid in the fluid communication chamber. Thus, the geometrical volume of the high pressure fluid in the main actuator can be constantly kept fully or partially filled regardless of the fluid flow injected by the force and injection unit.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the motion transmission means is a pulley and belt assembly. However, it should be understood that the mechanical connection between the auxiliary actuator and the main actuator could be made otherwise.

In embodiments of the present invention, the power and injection unit may comprise a fluid reservoir, a fluid pump, which is in fluid communication with the reservoir and with the high pressure line, a pump drive means, and relief and pressure control valves, all in fluid communication with the high pressure line. In other embodiments of the present invention, the power and injection unit may comprise a hydraulic pressure source and pressure relief and control valves in fluid communication with the high pressure line. In still other embodiments of the present invention, the power and injection unit comprises a driving means driving the main actuator, the main actuator being in fluid communication with a fluid reservoir.

In embodiments of the present invention, the high pressure line may comprise pressure relief and control valve and / or pressure relief valve when using pressure accumulators, and the feedback line may comprise a heat exchanger and a fluid filter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the hydraulic circuit according to a first simplified embodiment of the system according to the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic representation of the hydraulic circuit according to a second simplified embodiment of the system according to the present invention;

Figure 3 is a schematic representation of the hydraulic circuit according to a third simplified embodiment of the system according to the present invention;

Figure 4 is a schematic representation of the hydraulic circuit according to a fourth simplified embodiment of the system according to the present invention;

Figure 5 is a schematic representation of the hydraulic circuit according to a fifth simplified embodiment of the system according to the present invention;

Figure 6 is a schematic representation of the hydraulic circuit according to a simplified sixth embodiment of the system according to the present invention; and Figure 7 is a schematic, also simplified, representation of the hydraulic circuit according to a seventh embodiment of the system according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION GIVES INVENTION

The present invention will be described hereinafter based on examples of preferred embodiments of the system according to the present invention. In this regard, it should be understood that although the examples described with reference to the figures are of hydraulic systems, the inventive concept of the present invention applies equally to pneumatic systems, as the pressurized fluid may be compressed air.

In this sense, as recognized by those skilled in the art, the main difference between these systems would be in the unit of power and fluidic injection.

Figure 1 illustrates a hydraulic circuit according to a first embodiment of the system according to the present invention.

The system comprises a main actuator 1 whose output shaft is primarily responsible for the power transmission of system 2.

The main actuator 1 is mechanically and fluidly interconnected to an auxiliary actuator 3 so as to have a mechanical gain on the main actuator 1. The main and auxiliary actuators are in a opposite relationship, that is, the actuators rotate in opposite directions to each other.

Mechanical connection 14 between main actuators 1 and auxiliary 3 may be accomplished by means of a belt and pulley assembly or similar mechanical motion transmission element, while fluidic connection is by means of a line or chamber. of fluidic communication 4.

In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the main rotary actuator 1 is an axial piston hydraulic motor, however, the main actuator could be of any type of hydraulic or pneumatic actuator.

Similarly, the auxiliary actuator could be of any type of hydraulic or pneumatic actuator. A high pressure line 5, fed by the fluid injection and force system, is fluidly connected to the fluidic communication chamber 4 formed between the main 1 and auxiliary 3 feeders.

The auxiliary actuator 3 acts to maintain a controlled volume of pressurized fluid in the fluid communication chamber 4. Thus, the geometrical volume of the high pressure fluid in the main actuator can be constantly kept fully or partially filled regardless of the fluidic flow. injected by the power and injection unit.

In the first embodiment of the present invention, the fluid injection and force unit comprises a fluid reservoir 6, a fluid pump 7, which is in fluid communication with the reservoir 6 and the high pressure chamber 4, a means of pump drive 8 and a relief and pressure control valve 9 which is in fluid communication with the high pressure line.

[0042] A pressure gauge 11 may be used to indicate the pressure in the high pressure line, and the pressure relief and control valve 3 may be used to control the pressure in the line.

The pump drive means 8 may be, for example, an electric motor. Of course, other drive means could be used within the context of the present invention.

As can be seen from figure 1, the low pressure fluid exits the main actuator 1 on the feedback line 10 and the low pressure fluid flows to the auxiliary actuator 3.

Feedback (return circulation) line 10 may include a heat exchanger 12 to prevent system overheating, actuator drain lines 20, and a filter 13 to remove possible impurities in the fluid.

Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of the system of the present invention. In this schematic representation are also present the mechanically and fluidically connected main actuators 1 and auxiliary 3, and the power and injection unit formed by an electric motor 8, a pump 7 and a reservoir 6.

In this embodiment, the pressure relief and control valve 9 is associated with a pressure accumulator 15, thereby forming a valve. pressure switch which aims, among others, to stabilize the pressure in the system to a preset value.

In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 2, the system bottom line (return circulation) 10 may further include a valve 16 that controls the flow to tank 6. It should be noted that valve 16 is an optional element of the system of the present invention and may be included in all embodiments.

Thus, in the embodiment of Figure 2, the high pressure line 5 is fed by the power and injection unit, which in that embodiment comprises a pump assembly 7 and an electric motor 8, and is in fluid communication with the power line. high pressure 5 and with fluidic communication chamber 4 between the main actuator 1 and the auxiliary actuator 3. The pressure relief valve communicates fluidly with the high pressure line 5 so as to stabilize the pressure in the system if necessary.

Figure 3 schematically illustrates another simplified embodiment of the system of the present invention, similar to the embodiment illustrated in Figure 2, but without the optional valve 16 and the pressure accumulator 15.

Figure 4 shows a fourth simplified embodiment of the system of the present invention. In this embodiment, the main 1 and auxiliary 3, mechanically 14 and fluidically connected 4 actuators, and the fluidic injection and force unit formed by an electric motor 8, a pump 7 and a reservoir 6 are also present. The system of this embodiment also comprises pressure relief and control valve 9 on high pressure line 5.

In this embodiment, as in the others, fluid enters the system through the fluid injection and power unit. When pressure relief is required, valve 9 is actuated and fluid returns to reservoir 6.

Reservoirs 6 and 18 may be separate or single reservoirs. In this sense, as shown in the figure, the reservoirs may be fixed higher than the actuator installation height;

Figure 5 shows a fifth simplified embodiment of the system of the present invention. In this embodiment, the mechanically and fluidically connected main actuators 1 and auxiliary 3 are also present, but the fluid injection force unit is a source of hydraulic pressure 19 not necessarily formed by an actuator / pump assembly. Also in this embodiment, a pressure control and relief valve 9 may be used for relief of excessive pressure on the high line.

Figures 6 and 7 show embodiments of the present invention where the main actuator 1 is directly driven by any driving means 20 so as to maintain the fluidic connection in the high pressure chamber 4 between the main actuator 1 and the auxiliary actuator. 3. In this conception. Actuator 1, which is being directly actuated, behaves constructively as a unit of power and fluid injection.

In the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 8, the system comprises a relief and pressure control valve 9 may be used for relief of excessive pressure on the high line and, in the embodiment of FIG. 7, the relief valve and Pressure control is accompanied by a pressure accumulator 15 to configure a pressure relief valve when it is desired to stabilize the system at a given pressure.

Example I

In order to clarify the advantage provided by the present invention, a constructive example according to the first embodiment of the system of the present invention will be described below.

In this embodiment, the main and auxiliary actuators comprise two 118.6 cm ³ hydraulic motors which are in opposite configuration. That is, the engines when under pressure, rotate in opposite directions. The output shafts of the motors are connected by mechanical transmission in a 2: 1 mechanical ratio.

The fluid injection and power unit utilizes a 4cm ³ / rev pump with a 2CV electric motor at 1740rpm.

The main actuator and auxiliary actuator are connected by a fluidic chamber approximately 105 mm in length and 16 mm in diameter.

[0062] A volumetric spacing is generated at the wiring of actuators 1 and 2, which are arranged in reverse. The system tends to seek a volumetric balance between what is injected into the system and what can be absorbed by this volumetric spacing (fluidic chamber between actuators 1 and 2). The data collected from the operation of the system described in example 1 show that the volumetric spacing between two hydraulic motors of 118.6 cm3 per revolution, in a mechanical ratio of 2: 1, is larger than the fluidic injection from the unit. of hydraulic force which is 4 cm ³ per revolution using a 2 hp electric motor at 1740 rpm with a relief valve at 100 Bar. Thus there will be a tendency for volumetric equilibrium between what is injected and what is absorbed, reflecting the speed of the hydraulic motor 1, so that the speed and its torque of motor 1 will always be higher in the hydraulic system assembly according to the present invention than its nominal speed considering the same fluid volume injected separately in the same.

Thus, having been described examples of embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the scope of the present invention encompasses other possible variations of the described inventive concept, being limited only by the content of the appended claims, including the possible equivalents thereof.

Claims

1 . Hydraulic or pneumatic system of a type employing an injected fluid for mechanical power generation, comprising:

A main actuator (1) that moves a produced power transmission shaft (2);

an auxiliary actuator (3) that connects to the main actuator via a fluidic communication chamber (4), the auxiliary actuator (3) being mechanically connected to the main actuator (1) by means of a motion transmission means (14 ); wherein the main actuator (1) and auxiliary actuator (3) are in opposite configuration;

a power and injection unit comprising a fluid source for the system; the power and injection unit being fluidly connected to the fluidic communication chamber (4) by a high pressure line (5);

a feedback line (10) connecting the main actuator (1) to the auxiliary actuator (3);

wherein the auxiliary actuator (3) acts to maintain a controlled volume of pressurized circulating fluid in the fluidic communication chamber (4).

System according to claim 1, characterized in that the motion transmission means (14) is a pulley and belt assembly.

System according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the power and injection unit comprises a fluid reservoir (6), a fluid pump (7) in fluid communication with the reservoir and the high line. a pressure relief and pressure control valve, and a pump drive means (8) which is in fluid communication with the high pressure line.

System according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the power and injection unit comprises a hydraulic pressure source (19) in fluid communication with the high pressure line.

System according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the power and injection unit comprises a driving means (20) driving the main actuator (1), the main actuator (1) in fluid communication with a reservoir. (6) and the pressure line.

System according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the high pressure line (5) comprises a pressure relief and control valve (9).

System according to claim 8, characterized in that the high-pressure line (5) comprises a pressure-relief valve.

System according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the feedback line (10) comprises a heat exchanger.

System according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the feedback line (10) comprises a filter (13) and actuator drain lines (20).

System according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the fluid reservoir is positioned above the installation height of the main (1) and auxiliary (3) actuators.