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WO2018137247A1 - Procédé et dispositif de compensation d'éclairement relatif par exposition multiple - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de compensation d'éclairement relatif par exposition multiple Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018137247A1
WO2018137247A1 PCT/CN2017/072768 CN2017072768W WO2018137247A1 WO 2018137247 A1 WO2018137247 A1 WO 2018137247A1 CN 2017072768 W CN2017072768 W CN 2017072768W WO 2018137247 A1 WO2018137247 A1 WO 2018137247A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
image
temporally
frame
frames
sequential frames
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/072768
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Atsushi Kobayashi
Original Assignee
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Priority to CN201780005068.0A priority Critical patent/CN108496355B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2017/072768 priority patent/WO2018137247A1/fr
Publication of WO2018137247A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018137247A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T5/00—Image enhancement or restoration
    • G06T5/90—Dynamic range modification of images or parts thereof
    • G06T5/94—Dynamic range modification of images or parts thereof based on local image properties, e.g. for local contrast enhancement
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T5/00—Image enhancement or restoration
    • G06T5/50—Image enhancement or restoration using two or more images, e.g. averaging or subtraction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/70—Circuitry for compensating brightness variation in the scene
    • H04N23/73—Circuitry for compensating brightness variation in the scene by influencing the exposure time
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/70—Circuitry for compensating brightness variation in the scene
    • H04N23/743—Bracketing, i.e. taking a series of images with varying exposure conditions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/70—Circuitry for compensating brightness variation in the scene
    • H04N23/76—Circuitry for compensating brightness variation in the scene by influencing the image signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/80—Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof
    • H04N23/81—Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof for suppressing or minimising disturbance in the image signal generation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
    • H04N25/60—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise
    • H04N25/61—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise the noise originating only from the lens unit, e.g. flare, shading, vignetting or "cos4"
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/20—Special algorithmic details
    • G06T2207/20004—Adaptive image processing
    • G06T2207/20012—Locally adaptive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/20—Special algorithmic details
    • G06T2207/20212—Image combination
    • G06T2207/20216—Image averaging

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to relative illuminance (RI) compensation methods and devices by multiple exposure.
  • the lens portion includes a number of lenses.
  • the configuration (structure, shape, material, etc. ) of the lenses determines much of the camera performance.
  • the image capturing portion which has been available recently is an image sensor, which is mainly a CMOS (Complementary metal oxide semiconductor) image sensor or an old-fashioned silver halide film.
  • the image capturing portion means any type of image sensor that may capture temporally-sequential images, such as the CMOS image sensor, a CCD (Charge coupled device) image sensor, an organic photoconductive film image sensor, and a quantum thin film image sensor.
  • the relative illuminance (RI) is the ratio of the off-axis illuminance of the image plane to the illuminance on-axis of the image region of the image plane. Because of the relative illuminance (RI) of the lens and the non-uniformity of the sensitivity of the image sensor, an output image from the image sensor may have so-called shading. As for the camera module for mobile devices, severe restrictions on the height of the module may cause the RI to be much smaller than 50%. The small RI may cause the off-axis area of an image to be darker than the center area of the image (See FIG. 1 for an image with a low-RI lens) . Such a phenomenon is called shading or vignetting.
  • Patent Citation 1 discloses lens shading, which is caused by the incident light rays being received at most extreme angles relative to less compact systems, due to the compacted height of the integrated camera modules. Additionally, there are some other reasons which may reduce the signal level of the off-axis area of the image sensor (see Non Patent Citation 1) .
  • Non Patent Citation 1 discloses optical vignetting, which is caused by the physical dimensions of a multiple element lens. Rear elements are shaded by elements in front of them, which reduces the effective lens opening for off-axis incident light.
  • Non Patent Citation 2 also discloses optical vignetting in which less light reaches edges of sensor due to physical obstruction in lens.
  • the related-art technique is referred to as lens shading compensation (LSC) or shading compensation.
  • LSC lens shading compensation
  • the LSC which is a function to compensate for and recover a low-RI image to a generally-flat signal level, multiplies a gain which depends on the position in the image to increase the signal level of the off-axis area of the image to keep the signal level flatter over the whole area of the image.
  • FIG. 2 shows an exemplary schematic block diagram of the above-described lens shading compensation (LSC) function. These blocks may be located in an image sensor. Otherwise, they may be located in an ISP (Image signal processor) .
  • ISP Image signal processor
  • the ISP which stands for the image signal processor or image signal processing, refers to the processing hardware, the processing software, or a processing algorithm to process an image from the image sensor to reproduce the image to be adapted to some type of image format.
  • an input image signal ( “Image signal” in FIG. 2) is multiplied by a certain gain ( “Gain” in FIG. 2) in a multiplier ( “Multiplier” in FIG. 2) .
  • the gain is calculated to compensate for the signal level of the off-axis area of the image to be the same as that of the center area (the on-axis area) of the image. Therefore, the LSC function calculates the position of the image sensor and then the signal level at the position of the image sensor is converted such that it is amplified using a certain pre-calculated table ( “Gain table” in FIG. 2) .
  • FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating an example of relative illuminance versus image height.
  • the horizontal axis shows the image height.
  • the image height is shown as a percentage (in %) of the maximum image height or half the image circle, which is the same as the diagonal length of the image sensor.
  • the vertical axis is the relative illuminance to be fixed.
  • the graph is shown on the basis that the brightness (luminance) is completely flat (uniform) .
  • the LSC may compensate only for shading caused by the relative illuminance.
  • the gain to be applied depends only on the image height (the distance from the focal point) of the area to be compensated for.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating an example of the gain of the normal LSC function to fix the problem in FIG. 3.
  • the horizontal axis shows the image height.
  • the image height is shown as a percentage (in %) of the maximum image height or half the image circle, which is the same as the diagonal length of the image sensor.
  • the vertical axis is the gain of the normal LSC function to fix the problem in FIG. 3.
  • the graph is shown on the basis that the brightness (luminance) is completely flat (uniform) .
  • the gain of the LSC function is a reciprocal value of, or inversely correlated with the relative illuminance (FIG. 4) . After this process, as long as the object is flat, the output signal is correctly compensated for, so that it maintains the same signal level.
  • Patent Citation 2 for the disclosure of compensating for the lens shading by changing an amplification factor according to the position of a sensor
  • Patent Citation 3 for the disclosure of a spherical intensity correction, as an example of LSC, which corrects the data of each image pixel by an amount that is a function of the radius of the pixel from the optical center of the image
  • Patent Citation 4 for the disclosure of compensating for the lens shading phenomenon after photographing for an image of a white area
  • Non Patent Citation 2 for the disclosure of LSC or vignetting compensation, which corrects for the above-described vignetting
  • Non Patent Citation 3 for the disclosure of LSC.
  • the SNR of the picture may be calculated in accordance with the following equations:
  • Noise is the noise level of the Signal. Noise may be estimated in accordance with the following equation:
  • SQRT is the square-root function
  • k is a coefficient related to the design of the image sensor
  • base noise is the type of noise unrelated to the Signal.
  • the base noise usually changes in relation to image sensor settings such as the image sensor-internal analog gain. With this technique, only the gain is applied to the image signal. The gain also multiplies noise, so that the SNR of the signal after the LSC is the same as the SNR of the signal before the LSC.
  • the basis for the SNR obtained in accordance with the above-mentioned calculations being higher in the center of the picture is the lens design for small-height cameras.
  • FIG. 5 shows a curve for the roughly-estimated SNR based on the relative illuminance in FIG. 3 and the optical shot noise of 900e-at the center area (900e-is 18%of 5000e-, which is the typical full-well capacity of a 1.12um CMOS image sensor. ) .
  • FIG. 5 shows the SNR of an image captured without utilizing the present invention.
  • the horizontal axis shows the image height.
  • the image height is shown as a percentage (in %) of the maximum image height or half the image circle, which is the same as the diagonal length of the image sensor.
  • the vertical axis is the SNR of an image captured without utilizing the present invention.
  • Embodiments of the present invention are intended to solve the above-described problem.
  • the present invention discloses a method of compensating for and a device configured to compensate for relative illuminance by multiple exposure.
  • a method of compensating for relative illuminance by multiple exposure includes: externally receiving two or more temporally-sequential frames for an image and sending one main frame determined from the received two or more temporally-sequential frames; storing at least one of the two or more temporally-sequential frames for the image; applying a mixture gain to one or a plurality of mixed frames of the two or more temporally-sequential frames; and mixing the applied results, wherein the mixture gain varies in accordance with the position in the image.
  • a device configured to compensate for relative illuminance by multiple exposure.
  • the device includes: a memory controller configured to externally receive the two or more temporally-sequential frames for an image and to send one main frame determined from the received two or more temporally-sequential frames to a multiplier; a memory configured to capture at least one of the two or more temporally-sequential frames for the image; the multiplier configured to apply a mixture gain to one or a plurality of mixed frames of the two or more temporally-sequential frames; and a mixer configured to mix the applied results, wherein the mixture gain varies in accordance with the position in the image.
  • the method of compensating for and the device configured to compensate for relative illuminance by multiple exposure make it possible to increase the signal level sufficiently high to maintain a high SNR at a higher image height area even if the relative illuminance is small.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an image with a low-RI lens.
  • FIG. 2 is an exemplary schematic block diagram of the above-described lens shading compensation (LSC) function.
  • LSC lens shading compensation
  • FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating an example of relative illuminance.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating an example of a gain table.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating a roughly-estimated SNR versus the image height.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the basic concept according to embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is one exemplary block diagram according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a graph illustrating an example of the mixture gain which depends on the image height.
  • FIG. 9 is a graph illustrating the image height versus the signal level after mixing with the mixture gain on FIG. 8.
  • FIG. 10 is another exemplary block diagram according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a further exemplary block diagram according to a further embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the basic concept according to embodiments of the present invention, which includes steps of “Capture sequential frames” (1 in FIG. 6) ; “Decide main frame from capture frames” (2 in FIG. 6, in which the “capture frames” may include “Previous frame” , “Main frame” , and “Next frame” . ) ; and “Apply gain to next (or previous) frame and add it to main frame” (3 in FIG. 6, in which “Mixture Gain” is applied to the “Next frame” (a “Mixed frame” ) and the “Mixture Gain” -applied “Next frame” is added to the “Main frame” . ) .
  • two or more temporally-sequential frames are captured for one image; one main frame is determined from the captured two or more temporally-sequential frames; a mixture gain is applied to one or a plurality of mixed frames, which is a frame temporally-sequential to the one main frame, wherein the frame temporally-sequential to the one main frame may be a frame previous to the one main frame or a frame following the one main frame, or both the frame previous to the one main image and the frame following the one main image; and the applied results are combined, wherein the mixture gain varies in accordance with the position in the image.
  • FIG. 7 shows an exemplary block diagram according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • a number of image frames received from an image sensor are stored in a memory ( “Memory” in FIG. 7) .
  • at least two frames are stored in the memory.
  • a method of controlling the memory and the size of the memory are to not be predefined in the present embodiment.
  • one frame is selected by a certain method.
  • the one frame is determined to be a main frame ( “Image1” in FIG. 7) .
  • a “Main frame” is determined using a certain method which is determined by the camera system which uses the image sensor.
  • a frame which has the lowest latency from a Shutter trigger is generally selected as the "Main frame” .
  • the camera system detects the Shutter trigger from one of mechanical buttons named “Shutter” , a multi-touch or single-touch on an area dedicated to "Shutter trigger” on a display panel, or detection of a situation such as "Smile shutter” .
  • a further one frame is selected by a certain different method, and the latter frame is to be referred to as a mixed frame ( “Image2” in FIG. 7) .
  • Image2 mixed frame
  • a mixed frame is an image which may be captured/observed before "Other functions including LSC" in FIG. 7.
  • the mixed frame is multiplied by a mixture gain (The mixture gain is applied to “Multiplier” of FIG. 7) with reference to a gain table.
  • the mixture gain is varied depending on the image height of the position, described in FIG. 7. If the relative illuminance of the lens is higher, the “mixture gain” would be lower. As the relative illuminance of the center of most of the lenses (the center of the image) is higher than the edge of these lenses, the mixture gain should be smaller at the center and higher at the edge.
  • the gain table may be defined in a LUT (lookup table) ( “Gain table” in FIG. 7) or the memory.
  • the gain table may also be calculated at the time of executing the process (i.e., on the fly) .
  • the mixture gain may depend on the image height of the position to be calculated.
  • the image height is the distance between the center of an image and the position to be calculated.
  • FIG. 8 shows an example of the mixture gain versus the image height for the above-mentioned one of the simplest implementations.
  • the horizontal axis shows the image height.
  • the image height is shown as a percentage (in %) of the maximum image height or half the image circle, which is the same as the diagonal length of the image sensor.
  • the vertical axis is the mixture gain.
  • the mixture gain may be calculated such that the same Signal level is set over the whole image height. It may be limited up to some constant, e.g. 1.0.
  • FIG. 9 shows the signal level after undergoing the mixture operation in accordance with the present invention.
  • the horizontal axis shows the image height.
  • the image height is shown as a percentage (in %) of the maximum image height or half the image circle, which is the same as the diagonal length of the image sensor.
  • the vertical axis is the signal level after undergoing the mixture operation in accordance with the present invention. If the relative illuminance of the lens is represented by FIG. 3 and the mixture gain by FIG. 8, the signal level of the output frame of the embodiment of this invention would be as shown in FIG. 9.
  • the mixture gain may be determined in the following manner:
  • the light should have sufficient uniformity. Moreover, the light is preferably 3200K Halogen light, A-light (2858K) , or D65.
  • parameters for the LSC should be determined to compensate for the color shading portion including variations in the light source.
  • FIG. 10 is an exemplary block diagram according to another embodiment of the present invention in which only one previous frame or one following frame may be stored in a memory to reduce the size of the memory for storage ( “Memory” in FIG. 10) , where the memory to be used is reduced to only the one frame.
  • “Image 2” which is a frame previous to or a frame following “Image 1” , is to be a mixed frame in FIG. 10.
  • FIG. 11 is a further exemplary block diagram according to a further embodiment of the present invention in which three temporally-sequential frames are combined.
  • “Image 1” which is a frame previous to “Image 2”
  • “Image 3” which is a frame following “Image 2” are to be mixed frames in FIG. 11.
  • two or more temporally-sequential frames are to be combined into one frame, which is a main frame.
  • the other frame (s) is/are to be (a) mixed frame (s) ;
  • the mixture gain varies depending on the height of the image.
  • a method of relative illuminance compensation by multiple exposure according to embodiments of the present invention makes it possible to increase the signal level sufficiently high to maintain a high SNR at a higher image height area even if the relative illuminance is small.
  • a method of relative illuminance compensation by multiple exposure according to an embodiment of the present invention allows only one previous frame or one following frame to be stored in a memory to make it possible to reduce the size of the memory for storage.
  • the mixture gain varies depending on both the height of image and the azimuthal angle to compensate not only relative illuminance but also shading caused by image sensor's non-uniformity, mechanical tolerance of optical parts and other reasons.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de compensation d'éclairement relatif par une exposition multiple. Le procédé consiste : à recevoir de manière externe au moins deux trames temporellement séquentielles pour une image et à envoyer une trame principale déterminée parmi les deux ou plus de deux trames temporellement séquentielles reçues; à stocker au moins l'une desdites trames temporellement séquentielles pour l'image; à appliquer un gain de mélange à une trame mélangée ou à une pluralité de trames mélangées desdites trames temporellement séquentielles; à mélanger les résultats appliqués, le gain de mélange variant en fonction de la position dans l'image. L'invention concerne également un dispositif, un capteur d'image, un processeur de signal d'image, un module d'appareil de prise de vues, un téléphone intelligent, un dispositif mobile et un circuit intégré.
PCT/CN2017/072768 2017-01-26 2017-01-26 Procédé et dispositif de compensation d'éclairement relatif par exposition multiple WO2018137247A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201780005068.0A CN108496355B (zh) 2017-01-26 2017-01-26 一种通过多次曝光补偿相对照度的方法和设备
PCT/CN2017/072768 WO2018137247A1 (fr) 2017-01-26 2017-01-26 Procédé et dispositif de compensation d'éclairement relatif par exposition multiple

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PCT/CN2017/072768 WO2018137247A1 (fr) 2017-01-26 2017-01-26 Procédé et dispositif de compensation d'éclairement relatif par exposition multiple

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CN101651786A (zh) * 2008-08-14 2010-02-17 深圳华为通信技术有限公司 一种视频序列明暗变化修复的方法和视频处理设备
US20120162467A1 (en) * 2009-08-27 2012-06-28 Fumiki Nakamura Image capture device
CN103237168A (zh) * 2013-04-02 2013-08-07 清华大学 一种基于综合增益的高动态范围图像视频处理方法
JP2015195453A (ja) * 2014-03-31 2015-11-05 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 画像処理装置および画像処理方法

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KR101589310B1 (ko) * 2009-07-08 2016-01-28 삼성전자주식회사 렌즈 쉐이딩 보정 방법 및 장치
CN102611851A (zh) * 2012-03-01 2012-07-25 林青 一种视频图像的自动照度补偿方法及系统
KR101871945B1 (ko) * 2013-01-17 2018-08-02 한화에어로스페이스 주식회사 영상 처리 장치 및 방법

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080002038A1 (en) * 2006-07-03 2008-01-03 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Imaging apparatus, control method thereof, and imaging system
CN101651786A (zh) * 2008-08-14 2010-02-17 深圳华为通信技术有限公司 一种视频序列明暗变化修复的方法和视频处理设备
US20120162467A1 (en) * 2009-08-27 2012-06-28 Fumiki Nakamura Image capture device
CN103237168A (zh) * 2013-04-02 2013-08-07 清华大学 一种基于综合增益的高动态范围图像视频处理方法
JP2015195453A (ja) * 2014-03-31 2015-11-05 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 画像処理装置および画像処理方法

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