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WO2018206065A1 - Commande de pas individuel avec capteur de moyeu - Google Patents

Commande de pas individuel avec capteur de moyeu Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018206065A1
WO2018206065A1 PCT/DK2018/050096 DK2018050096W WO2018206065A1 WO 2018206065 A1 WO2018206065 A1 WO 2018206065A1 DK 2018050096 W DK2018050096 W DK 2018050096W WO 2018206065 A1 WO2018206065 A1 WO 2018206065A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rotor
bearing
sensors
bracket
pitch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DK2018/050096
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Friedrich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Envision Energy Denmark ApS
Original Assignee
Envision Energy Denmark ApS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Envision Energy Denmark ApS filed Critical Envision Energy Denmark ApS
Publication of WO2018206065A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018206065A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
    • F03D7/0224—Adjusting blade pitch
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/331—Mechanical loads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/80—Devices generating input signals, e.g. transducers, sensors, cameras or strain gauges
    • F05B2270/821—Displacement measuring means, e.g. inductive
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to the field of wind turbines, and more particu- larly to a control system for load control of a wind turbine through the use of displacement sensors being a part of the control system.
  • System for load control of a wind turbine comprising a nacelle having a main structure, a rotor, which rotor comprises at least two rotor blades, each mounted to a rotor hub via a root end of the rotor blade, which rotor hub is connected with a moment bearing structure or a main shaft which is supported in a bearing structure, which bearing structure is arranged for transferring the load on the rotor towards the main structure of the nacelle, which system further comprises displacement sensors arranged for detecting a displacement.
  • the wind turbine is arranged for individual pitch control.
  • the invention relates to the use of such system for determining blade root deflection or the blade root bending. It is clear that it is not a main shaft deflection which is determined with the system.
  • the present invention relates to a low wind turbines. These wind turbines will have a large rotor diameter and accordingly high loads are generated. Individual pitch control (IPC) is used in these wind turbines.
  • IPC Individual pitch control
  • system can also be used for large rotors, large rating turbines, set up in high wind sites.
  • Rotor blades are the primary elements of wind turbines for converting wind energy into electrical energy.
  • the rotor blades have the cross-sectional profile of an airfoil such that, during operation, air flows over the rotor blade producing a pressure differ- ence between the sides. Consequently, a lift force, which is directed from a pressure side towards a suction side, acts on the rotor blade.
  • the lift force generates torque on a main shaft.
  • the main shaft is connected with a generator for producing electricity.
  • a system for load control which includes detectors to measure the deflection of the main shaft in a wind turbine. Such detectors are used for a measurement of the deflection of the main shaft. Examples are disclosed in US 2004/0151575 Al and US 20090129924 Al .
  • US 2004/0151577 discloses a system for load control and of the type mentioned byway of introduction. This system comprises displacement sensors to detect axial displacement. There is no disclosure of arranging the sensors at the root end of a blade.
  • This object is obtained with a system for load control of a wind turbine of the type mentioned in the introductory paragraph and being peculiar in that one or more sen- sors to detect axial displacement between the blade root and the main structure are arranged at the root end of the rotor blade in order to detect changes in the axial dis- tance between the root end of the rotor blade and a reference surface on a reference part being fixed to the main structure, which changes in axial distance indicate unwanted loads on the rotor and that said system comprises a control circuit coupled with the one or more sensors to mitigate load causing the axial displacement.
  • the object is also obtained with the use of a system according to the invention for determining blade root deflection.
  • the present invention makes use of one or more sensors which may be denoted as hub sensors for determining blade root deflection.
  • the unwanted loads on the rotor may be asymmetrical loads.
  • One or more sensors are arranged in connection with each of the rotor blades in close proximity of the end of a rotor blade.
  • One or more sensors are arranged in a position opposite to a reference surface which is arranged on a part being fixed to the main structure. Seeing that the main structure will be very stiff and seeing that a load on a rotor blade provided with said one or more sensors would cause a deflection and, accordingly, also a change in the axial distance between the blade root and the main structure the signal from the sensor may be used in a control circuit in order to mitigate load causing the actual change in the distance between the blade root and the main structure. It is possible to mitigate load causing the axial displacement in different ways.
  • control circuit will be coupled to a pitch regulation in order to mitigate load. It is possible to effect an individual pitch control, and accordingly, it is also possible to effect an individual pitch regulation of the associated rotor blade.
  • the hub sensor is used for detecting the change in distance which is an expression for the deflection and which is also an expression for the load on the rotor blade.
  • the measurements of the loads on the individual rotor blades are effected through measurements and control of the tilt/yaw moments of the hub.
  • the system according to the present invention is peculiar in that the one or more sensors are included in but not limited to: light emitting sensors, ultrasonic sensors, laser sensors and/or inductive sensors.
  • the system is not sensible to the type of sensor chosen. Accordingly, it is possible to choose any sensor which will be suitable for detecting an axial displacement.
  • the system according to the present invention is peculiar in that the rotor blades are mounted to the rotor hub via a pitch bearing and that the mitigation of loads is effected by controlling pitch of one or more rotor blades.
  • the mitigation of loads is effected by controlling pitch of one or more rotor blades.
  • the system according to the present invention is peculiar in that said reference part being fixed to the main structure is an outer or inner ring of a moment bearing being part of the bearing structure or a ring attached to the main structure or the main structure itself.
  • the reference part used should be fixed to the main structure in order to have secure reference surface.
  • the outer or the inner ring of the bearing being a part of the bearing structure is used.
  • the ring is a stiffening ring attached to the bearing in the main bearing.
  • the reference part may be a part of the main structure itself.
  • the system according to the present invention is peculiar in that the one or more sensors are attached to the pitch bearing via a bracket.
  • the sensor When a pitch regulated wind turbine is used the sensor will, in a very simple way, be connected via a bracket which is attached to the pitch bearing.
  • connection to the pitch bearing ensures that a secure signal for blade deflection is obtained.
  • the system according to the present invention is peculiar in that said bracket is attached to the pitch bearing by the standard bolts used for fastening the pitch bearing to the rotor hub.
  • Attaching a bracket to the pitch bearing by the standard bolt is a technically simple solution, which does not require any machining of any part of the rotor hub or rotor blade. In practice it has shown that the length of the bolts would be sufficient to arrange the bracket on the bolts and after that connecting the nuts.
  • the system according to the present invention is peculiar in that the sensor is mounted displaceable in the bracket so that the distance from the sensor to the reference surface may be adjusted.
  • the sensor is mounted displaceable in the bracket in order to adjust the distance between the sensor and the reference surface.
  • Such displacement can be ef- fected by providing the sensor with a thread and connect the sensor with the bracket with two nuts which are arranged on each side of the bracket in order to adjust the sensor.
  • Other adjustment structures could also be used.
  • the bracket comprises elongated holes, making it possible to displace the sensors in a direction which is parallel with the reference surface, in order to have the correct positioning of the sensor relating to a reference surface. In this respect it should be remembered that the sensor will rotate together with the hub, whereas the reference surface would stand still.
  • the system according to the present invention is peculiar in that it comprises means to provide individual pitch control (IPC) working continuously.
  • the system could be arranged for different working conditions.
  • the control system comprises means making it possible to have a continuously individual pitch control.
  • the system according to the present invention is peculiar in that said bearing structure comprises a rotor bearing in form of a moment bearing.
  • the bearing structure is provided in form of a moment bearing or main bearing which would absorb the bending and lateral forces from the rotor.
  • the system would be especially suitable for use in such wind turbine structure.
  • This structure is used in Direct Drive wind turbines.
  • FIG. 1 shows perspective view of a wind turbine
  • Fig. 2 shows a cross section of a wind turbine nacelle and rotor hub
  • Fig. 3 shows a perspective view of the bracket to which a sensor is mounted
  • Fig. 4 shows a partial perspective view of the bracket and with the sensor in a position opposite a reference surface
  • Fig. 5 shows a partial perspective view of the bracket mounted on the pitch bearing
  • Fig. 6 shows a partial view corresponding to Fig. 5 but seen from another angle.
  • Wind turbine blade having a root end 4a
  • Fig. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a wind turbine 1 comprising a wind turbine tower 2, a nacelle 3 arranged on top of the wind turbine tower 2, and a rotor rotatably connected to the nacelle 3, e.g. a generator unit (not shown).
  • the rotor comprises at least two wind turbine blades 4, here three are shown, mounted to a rotor hub 5. Each of the wind turbine blades comprises a root end 4a.
  • a pitch bearing 32 is provided for connecting the blade 4 with the rotor hub 5.
  • Fig. 2 shows a cross-section of the nacelle 3 and rotor where the nacelle cover housing is removed.
  • the rotor hub 5 is connected to at least one/first generator unit 6 via a rotatable main shaft 7.
  • the main shaft 6 has a first/rotor end 8 and a second/generator end 9.
  • the main shaft 6 has a constant diameter along the longitudinal length of the shaft as shown in fig. 2.
  • the first end 8 is connected to a mounting flange 10 of the rotor hub 5.
  • the second end 9 is connected to the generator unit 6, e.g. to a generator shaft thereof.
  • the rotor hub 5 is further connected to a main bearing unit 11, e.g. via another mounting flange as shown in fig. 2.
  • the main bearing unit 1 1 comprises a first bearing part 11a and a second bearing part 1 lb.
  • the first bearing part 11a is connected to a mainframe 12 of the nacelle 3.
  • the second bearing part 1 lb is connected to the rotor hub 5.
  • the main bearing unit 11 is arranged in a first/rotor opening 13 of the mainframe 12.
  • the generator unit 6 is resting on the main shaft 6 via at least one supporting bearing unit 14, thus no support on the mainframe 12 is needed.
  • the generator unit 6 is further placed at a predetermined distance, e.g. between 2 to 8 metres, from the main bearing unit 11 so that the bending moment of the generator unit 6 is used to counteract the bending moment of the rotor.
  • the generator unit 6 is further connected to a flange tube 15 at one end, e.g. a generator end.
  • the flange tube 15 is at the other end, e.g. the rotor end, connected to at least one torque dampening unit 16.
  • the flange tube 15 is configured to transfer the generator torque and other torque forces from the generator unit 6 to the torque dampening unit 16.
  • the torque dampening unit 16 is arranged on a seat located on the mainframe 12. The torque dampening unit 16 and thus the seat are further aligned with the wind turbine tower 2, e.g. positioned over the central axis 17 of the wind turbine tower 2, to provide an optimal transfer of forces to the wind turbine tower 2.
  • the main shaft 7 is arranged inside the flange tube 15 and extends through openings in the flange tube to allow for connection to the generator unit 6 and the rotor hub 5.
  • the flange tube 15 has a cone-shaped structure where the diameter of the generator end is larger than the diameter of the rotor end.
  • the main shaft 7 is supported in a bearing unit 28 in form of a main bearing. The main bearing absorbs all bending and lateral forces from the rotor.
  • Fig. 3 shows a bracket 18 which is used for mounting a sensor 26 to the pitch bearing as explained later.
  • the bracket 18 consists of a first part 19 being a plane part provided with mounted holes 20 which are used for fixing the bracket to the pitch bearing on the rotor hub.
  • the bracket has an intermediate part 21 consisting of two angled portions and a second part 22 of the bracket which is arranged on an angle being arranged in a plane substantially perpendicular to the plane of the first part of the bracket.
  • the second part of the bracket 22 is provided with mounting holes 23 for fixing a mounting plate 25.
  • the mounting holes 23 are elongated in order to make it possible to dis- place the mounting plate 25 and the sensor 26 arranged therein along the surface of the second part 22 of the bracket.
  • Bolts 24 are used for fixing the mounting plate 25 to the bracket 18.
  • the sensor 26 is displaceable substantially perpendicular to the plane of the mounting plate 25. In the illustration this is not illustrated in detail. However, it is possible to provide the sensor with a thread and provide a nut on each side of the mounting plate in order to arrange the sensor in any position desired in relation to the mounting plate 25. Hereby, the sensor 26 could be adjusted in relation to a reference surface 27 (illus- trated in fig. 4).
  • Fig. 4 is a partial perspective view of the bracket 18. It is seen that the bracket 18 is connected to the rotor hub 5 on the left hand side in such a way that the sensor 26 is arranged opposite the reference surface 27 which is arranged on a part of the bearing unit 28.
  • the reference surface 27 is provided on a stiffening ring 29 of the bearing in the bearing unit.
  • the reference surface 27 is fixed in relation to the main structure of the nacelle.
  • Bolts 30 are used for attaching the stiffening ring 29 to the bearing structure.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates in more detail how the bracket 18 is connected to the pitch bearing 32.
  • Bolts 31 which are used for attaching the pitch bearing 32 is also used for attaching the bracket 18.
  • the end of the thread extends slightly above the used nut in a position where the bracket is mounted whereas the thread has a longer extension on the remaining part of the bolts 31.
  • Fig. 6 has a picture corresponding to the one illustrated in figure 5, however, seen un- der an angle being substantially perpendicular compared to the thread in figure 5.
  • Figure 6 illustrates the mounting of the bracket 18 having the first part 19 and the second part 22 arranged substantially perpendicular to each other.
  • the bracket has such configuration that the second part 22 of the bracket will be orientated substantially parallel to the reference surface 27 of the stiffening ring 29.
  • An axial distance 33 is illustrated as a distance between the sensor 26 and the reference surface 27. This sensor is used for detecting changes in this axial distance 33.
  • the measurement is used in a control circuit (not illustrated) which is used to mitigate load when the changes in axial distance indicates unwanted load on the rotor.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne aussi un système permettant d'atténuer les charges d'une éolienne. L'éolienne comprend une nacelle ayant une structure principale, un rotor comprenant au moins deux pales de rotor, chacune montée sur un moyeu de rotor par l'intermédiaire d'une extrémité racine de la pale de rotor. Le moyeu de rotor est relié à un arbre principal rotatif qui est supporté dans une structure de support qui peut être de n'importe quelle configuration de support. L'arbre principal rotatif est relié à un générateur pour produire de l'électricité. Le système comprend en outre des capteurs de déplacement agencés pour détecter un déplacement. Un ou plusieurs capteurs pour détecter un déplacement axial sont agencés au niveau de l'extrémité racine de la pale de rotor afin de détecter des changements de la distance axiale entre l'extrémité racine de la pale de rotor et une surface de référence sur une partie de référence fixée à la structure principale. Les changements de distance axiale indiquent des charges indésirables sur le rotor. Le système comprend un circuit de commande couplé au ou aux capteurs pour atténuer la charge provoquant le déplacement axial.
PCT/DK2018/050096 2017-05-10 2018-05-07 Commande de pas individuel avec capteur de moyeu Ceased WO2018206065A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DKPA201770330A DK179515B1 (en) 2017-05-10 2017-05-10 Individual pitch control with hub sensor
DKPA201770330 2017-05-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018206065A1 true WO2018206065A1 (fr) 2018-11-15

Family

ID=64104301

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DK2018/050096 Ceased WO2018206065A1 (fr) 2017-05-10 2018-05-07 Commande de pas individuel avec capteur de moyeu

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DK (1) DK179515B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018206065A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112682267A (zh) * 2019-10-18 2021-04-20 通用电气公司 用于风力涡轮机的叶片根部的非接触式位移测量的系统

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3865705B1 (fr) * 2020-02-11 2025-07-02 Wobben Properties GmbH Éolienne, ainsi que procédé de surveillance d'un entrainement azimutal de l'éolienne

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040151577A1 (en) * 2003-02-03 2004-08-05 Kirk Pierce Method and apparatus for wind turbine rotor load control
EP2290235A2 (fr) * 2009-08-28 2011-03-02 PRÜFTECHNIK Dieter Busch AG Dispositif et procédé de détection du chargement de pales de rotor pivotantes
US20110246131A1 (en) * 2010-12-16 2011-10-06 General Electric Company System and method for measuring shaft deflection in a wind turbine
WO2011157271A2 (fr) * 2010-06-14 2011-12-22 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Procédé et unité de commande pour commander une éolienne en fonction d'une charge subie par l'éolienne
WO2012007004A2 (fr) * 2010-07-14 2012-01-19 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Procédé et système de détection de givrage pour pales d'éoliennes
WO2012089544A1 (fr) * 2010-12-30 2012-07-05 Lm Wind Power A/S Aube de turbine éolienne dotée de capteurs transversaux
US20130144449A1 (en) * 2011-12-06 2013-06-06 Søren Dalsgaard Warning a wind turbine generator in a wind park of an extreme wind event
WO2017000960A1 (fr) * 2015-06-30 2017-01-05 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Procédé de mesure de charge sur une éolienne

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040151577A1 (en) * 2003-02-03 2004-08-05 Kirk Pierce Method and apparatus for wind turbine rotor load control
EP2290235A2 (fr) * 2009-08-28 2011-03-02 PRÜFTECHNIK Dieter Busch AG Dispositif et procédé de détection du chargement de pales de rotor pivotantes
WO2011157271A2 (fr) * 2010-06-14 2011-12-22 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Procédé et unité de commande pour commander une éolienne en fonction d'une charge subie par l'éolienne
WO2012007004A2 (fr) * 2010-07-14 2012-01-19 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Procédé et système de détection de givrage pour pales d'éoliennes
US20110246131A1 (en) * 2010-12-16 2011-10-06 General Electric Company System and method for measuring shaft deflection in a wind turbine
WO2012089544A1 (fr) * 2010-12-30 2012-07-05 Lm Wind Power A/S Aube de turbine éolienne dotée de capteurs transversaux
US20130144449A1 (en) * 2011-12-06 2013-06-06 Søren Dalsgaard Warning a wind turbine generator in a wind park of an extreme wind event
WO2017000960A1 (fr) * 2015-06-30 2017-01-05 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Procédé de mesure de charge sur une éolienne

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112682267A (zh) * 2019-10-18 2021-04-20 通用电气公司 用于风力涡轮机的叶片根部的非接触式位移测量的系统
EP3808971A1 (fr) * 2019-10-18 2021-04-21 General Electric Company Système de mesure de déplacement sans contact d'un pied d'aube d'une éolienne
US11946448B2 (en) 2019-10-18 2024-04-02 General Electric Company System for contactless displacement measurement of a blade root of a wind turbine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK201770330A1 (en) 2018-12-13
DK179515B1 (en) 2019-02-05

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