WO2019039037A1 - 複合焼結体 - Google Patents
複合焼結体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019039037A1 WO2019039037A1 PCT/JP2018/021766 JP2018021766W WO2019039037A1 WO 2019039037 A1 WO2019039037 A1 WO 2019039037A1 JP 2018021766 W JP2018021766 W JP 2018021766W WO 2019039037 A1 WO2019039037 A1 WO 2019039037A1
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Definitions
- the diamond sinter disclosed in the above is that the main component diamond is an iron group element (elements of groups 8, 9 and 10 of the fourth period in the periodic table, namely iron, cobalt and nickel).
- the present inventors have formed an end mill, which is a type of cutting tool, from a cBN sintered body, and when processing a heat-resistant alloy containing iron group elements (for example, Inconel (registered trademark) 718), chipping occurred on the cutting edge.
- a heat-resistant alloy containing iron group elements for example, Inconel (registered trademark) 718
- the observation of the end mill just before it occurred revealed that the crack generated inside the end mill of the cutting edge penetrates the cBN particles.
- the toughness and strength of the cBN particles themselves are insufficient, which is a significant extension of the improvement of the conventional cBN sintered body It turned out that performance improvement can not be expected.
- Arbitrarily specified straight lines passing through the body indicate continuous diamond particles and a line segment crossing the bonding phase adjacent thereto, for example, a line segment CC ′ in a cross section of the composite sintered body shown in FIG.
- black, gray and white parts are present, but the black parts are parts of the diamond particles and the white parts are parts of the bonding phase.
- the binder is, in addition to Co, W, Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Cr, Al, in addition to Co, from the viewpoint of forming a composite sintered body having high strength and high wear resistance and high fracture resistance. It is preferable to include a chemical component containing at least one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Si, Ni and Mo.
- the binder forms a binder phase in the composite sintered body in a later step.
- a cross section of the produced composite sintered body was arbitrarily identified by polishing with an argon ion beam, and the structure of the composite sintered body was observed with an SEM (electron microscope).
- I-1 to No. For any of I-16, at least a portion of the diamond particles were bonded to one another, and a continuous framework structure was observed. Further, diamond particles, cBN particles, binder phase and the like in the composite sintered body were discriminated by EDX (energy dispersive X-ray analysis).
- EDX energy dispersive X-ray analysis
- a SEM (scanning electron microscope) image was taken with a 5000 ⁇ field of view, and cBN particles and others were discriminated by binarization processing.
- the composite sintered body of I-5 and I-16 is cut because the average length of the line segment across the continuous cubic boron nitride particles is not less than 3 times the average particle diameter of the cubic boron nitride particles.
- the tool life was short.
- the composite sintered body of I-8 and I-9 has a short life of the cutting tool because the content of cubic boron nitride particles in the composite sintered body is out of the range of 3% by volume to 40% by volume.
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Abstract
Description
近年の航空機需要の高まりから、インコネル718(Ni基合金)やTi-6Al-4Vに代表される耐熱合金で構成されるジェットエンジンの主要部品であるタービンディスクやブリスクの高速加工が望まれているが、現状は、超硬工具で切削速度50m/min程度の低速での仕上げ加工がなされており、高速加工という市場の要求を満たす工具は現れていない。
本開示によれば、鉄族元素および/またはチタンを含む耐熱合金の高速加工にも適用可能で、高耐摩耗性および高耐欠損性を兼ね備える複合焼結体を提供できる。
最初に本発明の実施態様を列記して説明する。
<複合焼結体>
本実施形態に係る複合焼結体は、複数のダイヤモンド粒子と、複数の立方晶窒化ホウ素(cBN)粒子と、残部の結合相と、を備える複合焼結体であって、結合相はコバルトを含み、複合焼結体中におけるcBN粒子の含有率は3体積%以上40体積%以下であり、複合焼結体を通る任意に特定される直線が連続したcBN粒子を横切る線分の平均長さは、cBN粒子の平均粒径の3倍の長さ以下である。本実施形態の複合焼結体は、ダイヤモンド粒子とコバルトを含む結合相とからなる骨格構造により耐欠損性が高められ、かかる骨格構造中に分散したcBN粒子により耐摩耗性が高められるため、高耐摩耗性および高耐欠損性を兼ね備える。
ダイヤモンド粒子の平均粒径は、高耐摩耗性および高耐欠損性を兼ね備え、特に耐欠損性の高い複合焼結体を得る観点から、0.5μm以上5μm以下が好ましく、0.8μm以上2μm以下がより好ましい。ここで、ダイヤモンド粒子の平均粒径は、クロスセクションポリッシャー(CP:Cross section Polisher)装置などを用いたCP加工により複合焼結体の任意に特定される断面を作製し、その断面においてEDX(エネルギー分散型X線分析)によりダイヤモンド粒子を判別し、ダイヤモンド粒子が複合焼結体中に均質に分散しているとして、画像解析ソフトを用いて粒子1個ごとの断面積から円相当径とその平均を算出し、平均粒径とする。ここで、平均を算出するダイヤモンド粒子のn数は50とする。
cBN(立方晶窒化ホウ素)粒子の平均粒径は、高耐摩耗性および高耐欠損性を兼ね備える複合焼結体を得る観点から、0.2μm以上2μm以下が好ましく、0.5μm以上1μm以下がより好ましい。ここで、cBN粒子の平均粒径は、ダイヤモンド粒子の場合と同様に、クロスセクションポリッシャー(CP:Cross section Polisher)装置などを用いたCP加工により複合焼結体の任意に特定される断面を作製し、その断面においてEDX(エネルギー分散型X線分析)によりダイヤモンド粒子を判別し、ダイヤモンド粒子が複合焼結体中に均質に分散しているとして、画像解析ソフトを用いて粒子1個ごとの断面積から円相当径とその平均を算出し、平均粒径とする。ここで、平均を算出するcBN粒子のn数は50とする。
結合相は、隣り合うダイヤモンド粒子の少なくとも一部を互いに結合させる観点から、Co(コバルト)を含む。複合焼結体中におけるCoの含有率は、隣り合うダイヤモンド粒子の少なくとも一部を互いに結合させる観点から、3体積%以上30体積以下が好ましく、10体積%以上20体積%以下がより好ましい。ここで、複合焼結体中におけるCoの含有率は、複合焼結体の任意に特定される断面において、EDX(エネルギー分散型X線分析)によりCoを判別し、Coが複合焼結体中に均質に分散しているとして、その断面の全面積に対するCoと判別される断面積の面積%を体積%とみなすことにより算出する。
本実施形態にかかる複合焼結体の製造方法は、特に制限がないが、本実施形態の複合焼結体を効率よく製造する観点から、ダイヤモンド粉末の各粒子の表面の少なくとも一部にCoを含む結合材を被覆することにより結合材被覆ダイヤモンド粉末を形成する第1工程と、cBN粉末の各粒子を予備解砕した後に結合材被覆ダイヤモンド粉末と各粒子を予備解砕したcBN粉末とを混合することにより混合物を形成する第2工程と、混合物を焼結することにより複合焼結体を形成する第3工程と、を備えることが好ましい。
第1工程において、ダイヤモンド粉末の各粒子の表面の少なくとも一部にCoを含む結合材を被覆することにより結合材被覆ダイヤモンド粉末を形成する。結合材被覆ダイヤモンド粉末とcBN粉末との混合物を後工程で焼結することにより、本実施形態の複合焼結体が得られる。
第2工程において、cBN粉末の各粒子を予備解砕した後に結合材被覆ダイヤモンド粉末と各粒子を予備解砕したcBN粉末とを混合することにより混合物を形成する。すなわち、第2工程は、cBN粉末の各粒子を予備解砕する第2Aサブ工程と、結合材被覆ダイヤモンド粉末と各粒子を予備解砕したcBN粉末とを混合する第2Bサブ工程と、を含む。cBN粉末の各粒子を予備解砕した後に結合材被覆ダイヤモンド粉末と各粒子を予備解砕したcBN粉末とを混合することにより、cBN粒子が凝集せずに(たとえば連続したcBN粒子を横切る線分の平均長さがcBN粒子の平均粒径の3倍の長さ以下で)ダイヤモンド粒子および結合相中に分散させることができる。かかる混合物を後工程で焼結することにより、本実施形態の複合焼結体が得られる。また、焼結体中の結合材量を調整する観点から本工程で結合材を添加することもできる。第2工程で結合材を添加する場合は、第1工程を省略することもできるが、第1工程があることが好ましい。
第3工程において、混合物を焼結することにより複合焼結体を形成する。混合物を焼結する条件は、特に制限はないが、効率よく本実施形態の複合焼結体を得る観点から、焼結圧力が好ましくは4GPa以上10GPa以下であり、より好ましくは6GPa以上8GPa以下であり、焼結温度が好ましくは1400℃以上2000℃以下であり、より好ましくは1500℃以上1800℃以下である。ダイヤモンド粒子の骨格構造を形成するためには焼結時間は長いほうが好ましく、15分以上60分以下が好ましい。通常、微粒のダイヤモンド粒子を6GPa以上および1500℃以上の高圧高温で長時間焼結すると異常粒成長が生じるが、本実施形態ではcBN粒子をダイヤモンド格子間に配することで異常粒成長を抑制し、従来より長時間での焼結が可能となる。
本実施例は、表1のNo.I-1~No.I-8および表2のNo.I-9~No.I-16に示すようなダイヤモンド粒子およびcBN粒子の平均粒径と含有率、結合材の仕込み組成、結合相の含有率および組成を有する複合焼結体を作製し、それらの複合焼結体で切削工具を作製して、インコネル(登録商標)718を高速切削したときの刃先の逃げ面摩耗幅を測定し、寿命を評価した。
No.II-1~No.II-7は、表3に示すように組成、含有率および作製条件を変更したこと以外は実験例Iと同様にして、複合焼結体および切削工具を作製した。なお、No.II-6は、ダイヤモンド粉末の各粒子の表面への結合材被覆前のダイヤモンド粉末の各粒子の分散を実施せず、No.II-7はダイヤモンド粉末の各粒子の表面への結合材被覆を実施しなかった。作製された切削工具の寿命評価試験は、切削条件を切削速度Vcが600m/min、送り量fが0.15mm/刃、切込みapが0.5mm、径方向切込みaeが0.12mm、クーラント:WET(エマルジョン20倍希釈)としたこと以外は、実験例Iと同様に実施した。結果を表3にまとめた。
No.III-1~No.III-9は、表4に示すように組成、含有率および作製条件を変更したこと以外は実験例Iと同様にして、複合焼結体および切削工具を作製した。作製された切削工具の寿命評価試験は、150mm×150mmの正方形板状Ti-6Al-4V合金(ウメトク株式会社製、ASTM B348 Grade 5)のワークの上面を切削したこと、ならびに、切削条件を切削速度Vcが800m/min、送り量fが0.15mm/刃、切込みapが0.5mm、径方向切込みaeが0.12mm、クーラント:MQLが2cm3/h(ブルーベ純正油)としたこと以外は、実験例Iと同様に実施した。結果を表4にまとめた。
Claims (6)
- 複数のダイヤモンド粒子と、複数の立方晶窒化ホウ素粒子と、残部の結合相と、を備える複合焼結体であって、
前記結合相はコバルトを含み、
前記複合焼結体中における前記立方晶窒化ホウ素粒子の含有率は3体積%以上40体積%以下であり、
前記複合焼結体を通る任意に特定される直線が連続した前記立方晶窒化ホウ素粒子を横切る線分の平均長さは、前記立方晶窒化ホウ素粒子の平均粒径の3倍の長さ以下である、複合焼結体。 - 前記複合焼結体を通る任意に特定される直線が前記ダイヤモンド粒子あるいは前記ダイヤモンド粒子およびそれに隣接する前記結合相を横切る線分の平均長さは、0.3μm以上5μm以下である、請求項1に記載の複合焼結体。
- 前記複合焼結体を通る任意に特定される直線が前記ダイヤモンド粒子あるいは前記ダイヤモンド粒子およびそれに隣接する前記結合相を横切る線分の長さの標準偏差は、3.0μm以下である、請求項1または請求項2に記載の複合焼結体。
- 前記立方晶窒化ホウ素粒子の平均粒径は、0.2μm以上2μm以下である、請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の複合焼結体。
- 前記ダイヤモンド粒子の平均粒径は、0.5μm以上5μm以下である、請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の複合焼結体。
- 複数のダイヤモンド粒子と、複数の立方晶窒化ホウ素粒子と、残部の結合相と、を備える複合焼結体であって、
前記結合相はコバルトを含み、
前記複合焼結体中における前記立方晶窒化ホウ素粒子の含有率は3体積%以上40体積%以下であり、
前記複合焼結体を通る任意に特定される直線が連続した前記立方晶窒化ホウ素粒子を横切る線分の平均長さは、前記立方晶窒化ホウ素粒子の平均粒径の3倍の長さ以下であり、
前記複合焼結体を通る任意に特定される直線が前記ダイヤモンド粒子あるいは前記ダイヤモンド粒子およびそれに隣接する前記結合相を横切る線分について、それらの平均長さが0.3μm以上5μm以下であり、それらの標準偏差が3.0μm以下であり、
前記立方晶窒化ホウ素粒子の平均粒径は、0.2μm以上2μm以下であり、
前記ダイヤモンド粒子の平均粒径は、0.5μm以上5μm以下である、複合焼結体。
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JP7101917B1 (ja) * | 2021-08-02 | 2022-07-15 | 住友電工ハードメタル株式会社 | 立方晶窒化硼素焼結体及びそれを用いたヒートシンク |
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