WO2023119978A1 - 液体加熱装置 - Google Patents
液体加熱装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023119978A1 WO2023119978A1 PCT/JP2022/042819 JP2022042819W WO2023119978A1 WO 2023119978 A1 WO2023119978 A1 WO 2023119978A1 JP 2022042819 W JP2022042819 W JP 2022042819W WO 2023119978 A1 WO2023119978 A1 WO 2023119978A1
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- Prior art keywords
- ceramic heater
- inner hole
- liquid
- ceramic
- internal space
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/78—Heating arrangements specially adapted for immersion heating
- H05B3/82—Fixedly-mounted immersion heaters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
- H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
- H05B3/46—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid heating device that produces hot water or the like with a ceramic heater.
- Hot water is required for hot water washing toilet seats, fuel cell systems, hot water heaters, 24-hour baths, heating washer fluid in vehicles, air conditioners in vehicles, and the like. Therefore, a liquid heating device that heats water with a built-in heater is used.
- a rod-shaped ceramic heater is used in which a heat-generating part is embedded in a ceramic sheet wound around the outer circumference of a long and narrow ceramic substrate.
- a rod-shaped ceramic heater generally has a through hole in the center.
- the liquid heating unit described in Patent Document 1 has a structure in which the base end of the ceramic heater is held on the side surface of the case that stores the liquid, and the tip side of the ceramic sheet is brought into contact with the liquid in the case. there is At this time, the tip of the through-hole is sealed with a ceramic plate so that the liquid does not leak from the through-hole of the ceramic heater to the outside of the case.
- downsizing of liquid heating apparatuses is demanded, and ceramic heaters tend to be downsized as well.
- the ceramic heater is made smaller (reduced in diameter), it is necessary to increase the heating temperature of the heater itself when producing hot water at the required temperature, which may cause cracks, breakage, etc. in the heater. . Moreover, overheating of the heater may damage the fixing portion (sealing portion) between the heater and the liquid heating device, resulting in leakage of the liquid.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid heating apparatus that suppresses leakage of liquid from the inner hole of the ceramic heater to the outside, and suppresses breakage due to overheating of the ceramic heater.
- the liquid heating apparatus of the present invention includes a container having an internal space, an inlet port and a discharge port communicating with the internal space, and a container extending in the front-rear direction and having a distal end portion of the container having the internal space. and a ceramic heater having a heat-generating part at the tip, wherein the liquid is introduced from the introduction port, passes through the internal space, and flows to the discharge port by the ceramic heater.
- the ceramic heater has an inner hole extending in the front-rear direction and having an opening formed at a distal end thereof and communicating with the inner space, and the inner hole extends at the base end side It is characterized by being blocked by a blocking part.
- the ceramic heater has an inner hole, and the inner hole communicates with the inner space of the container. Leakage to the outside from the hole can be suppressed. Furthermore, since the tip side of the inner hole is open as an opening, the air in the inner hole expands and contracts as the heater is heated and stopped, and the liquid can be easily introduced into the inner hole when the air is contracted. As a result, the ceramic heater can be cooled through the inner hole, and damage or the like due to overheating of the ceramic heater can be suppressed.
- the closing portion may be positioned closer to the proximal end than the heat generating portion. According to this liquid heating device, the volume of the inner hole can be increased compared to the case where the closing portion is located on the distal end side of the heat generating portion. The amount of liquid introduced to the can be increased.
- the closing portion is a separate member from the ceramic heater, and is connected to the proximal end of the ceramic heater to form a second internal space inside itself as part of the inner hole. may be arranged in a separate member on which is formed.
- the inner hole of the ceramic heater communicates with the second inner space of the separate member, the volume of the inner hole of the ceramic heater is substantially increased by the second inner space of the separate member. . Then, the expansion and contraction of the air in the inner hole becomes greater than when the separate member is not used. Cooling of the ceramic heater through the holes can be further promoted.
- the watt density may be 100 W/cm 2 when an AC voltage of 100 V is applied to the ceramic heater.
- the heating temperature of the heater itself tends to be higher, so the present invention can be effectively applied.
- the maximum width of the inner wall surface forming the inner hole may be 0.5 to 5.0 mm in a cross section obtained by cutting the ceramic heater in a radial direction orthogonal to the front-rear direction. .
- the maximum width of the inner wall surface forming the inner hole is 0.5 to 5.0 mm, the liquid hardly penetrates into the inner hole, so the present invention can be effectively applied.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the appearance of a liquid heating device according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the external appearance of a ceramic heater.
- 1 is an exploded perspective view showing the structure of a ceramic heater
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view along line AA of FIG. 1
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining the effect of closing the inner hole of the ceramic heater on the base end side and opening it on the tip side.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the closing portion
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a method of measuring the maximum width of the inner wall surface forming the inner hole of the ceramic heater;
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a liquid heating device 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a ceramic heater 171
- FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the ceramic heater 171
- FIG. 4 is line AA of FIG. 1 is a perspective view along .
- the liquid heating device 200 is installed in a warm-water washing toilet seat, and heats room-temperature water with two built-in ceramic heaters 171 and 172 to supply warm water.
- the liquid heating device 200 has a generally long cylindrical shape (a cylindrical shape with a rounded rectangular cross section) as a whole, and has a container 100 and two ceramic heaters 171 and 172 .
- the container 100 includes an elongated cylindrical body portion 101 having an internal space 100i for containing the liquid W (water), a front end lid 107 and a rear end lid 109 closing both axial end openings of the body portion 101, and a body It has an inlet 103 and an outlet 105 for the liquid W which are provided integrally with the portion 101 .
- Both ends of the body portion 101 in the axial direction protrude in the radial direction in a flange shape, and the both ends of the body portion 101 and the front end lid 107 and the rear end lid 109 are airtightly sealed by an O-ring (not shown). .
- the ceramic heaters 171 and 172 each have a rod shape extending in the front-rear direction L and extend in the same direction (in parallel).
- the ceramic heaters 171 and 172 are attached to the container 100 by cantilevering the base ends 17R of the ceramic heaters 171 and 172 in the opening of the rear end lid 109 of the container 100 with the sealing portion 180 .
- the tip portions 17T of the ceramic heaters 171 and 172 are positioned within the internal space 100i. Needless to say, the holding portion by the sealing portion 180 is closer to the base end than the heat generating portion 17a of the ceramic heater, which will be described later.
- Lead wires 15 and 16, which will be described later, are connected to the base ends 17R of the ceramic heaters 171 and 172 for supplying electric power from the outside.
- one end 50a of a cylindrical rubber hose 50 is connected to base ends of the ceramic heaters 171 and 172.
- the rubber hose 50 itself is wound in the horizontal direction, and the inner hole of the other end 50b projecting upward from the center of the wound portion is sealed with a resin 60.
- the resin 60 corresponds to the "blocking part" in the claims.
- the axial direction of the body portion 101 is parallel to the front-rear direction L, and the direction in which the ceramic heaters 171 and 172 are arranged is aligned with the long axis of the cross section of the body portion 101 . 171 and 172 are accommodated in the internal space 100i of the trunk portion 101 .
- the liquid heating device 200 is installed on a warm water washing toilet seat so that the front-rear direction L is substantially horizontal and the discharge port 105 side is positioned slightly upward. placed.
- the introduction port 103 and the discharge port 105 communicate with the internal space 100i and are spaced apart in the front-rear direction L (also the axial direction of the body portion 101). W is discharged from the discharge port 105 along the flow direction F through the internal space 100i. Further, a gap is formed between the inner wall of the container 100 and the ceramic heaters 171 and 172, and the liquid W introduced into the internal space 100i through the inlet 103 flows forward and backward on the outer surfaces of the ceramic heaters 171 and 172. After being heated while contacting along the direction L, it flows to the discharge port 105 .
- the ceramic heater 171 has a heating element 17h that generates heat when energized from the outside through lead wires 15 and 16.
- the heat generating element 17h has a heat generating portion 17a formed as a heat generating pattern by meandering a conductor in the front-rear direction L on the front end side, and has a pair of lead portions 17b drawn out from both ends of the heat generating portion 17a to the rear end side. are doing.
- the heat generating portion 17a is formed over a region Lh in the front-rear direction L. As shown in FIG.
- the heating element 17h has a heating portion 17a, both lead portions 17b, and electrode patterns 17c formed at the rear ends of both lead portions 17b.
- the body 17h is sandwiched between two ceramic green sheets 17s1 and 17s2.
- Alumina is used as the ceramic green sheet.
- Tungsten, rhenium, or the like is used for the heat generating portion 17a and the lead portion 17b.
- Two electrode pads 17p to which lead terminals 18 (see FIG. 2) are brazed are formed on the surface of the ceramic green sheet 17s2. form the body.
- this laminate is wrapped around a cylindrical ceramic substrate 17g containing alumina or the like as a main component with the ceramic green sheet 17s2 on the front side, and fired, whereby the ceramic green sheets 17s1 and 17s2 become the ceramic sheet 17s.
- the ceramic heater 171 which is wrapped around and integrated with the outer periphery of the ceramic base 17g.
- the ceramic substrate 17g is cylindrical and has an inner hole 17i forming a through hole in the center.
- the lead wires 15 and 16 are crimped and electrically connected to the lead terminals 18 and 18 (see FIG. 2).
- a slit 17v which is a concave groove along the front-rear direction L, is formed in the winding portion of the outer surface of the ceramic heater 171 as a non-heat-generating portion. Therefore, looking at the cross section in the radial direction of the ceramic heater 171, the heat generating portion 17a is embedded in the ceramic heater 171 in an annular shape with ends, and becomes a non-heat generating portion between the two ring ends 17e of the heat generating portion 17a.
- a slit 17v is formed.
- the ceramic green sheet 17s1 may be omitted, the heating element 17h may be formed on the back side of the ceramic green sheet 17s2 by printing or the like, and the ceramic green sheet 17s2 may be wound with the heating element 17h facing the ceramic substrate 17g.
- the heating element 17h (heating portion 17a) is arranged between the ceramic substrate 17g and the ceramic green sheet 17s2.
- the inner hole 17i of the ceramic heater 171 has an opening at the tip and communicates with the inner space 100i of the container 100.
- one end 50a of a rubber hose 50 is connected to the base end side of the ceramic heater 171 so as to fit onto the ceramic substrate 17g.
- a second internal space 50i that communicates with the internal hole 17i and becomes a part of the internal hole 17i is formed as an internal hole.
- the inner hole of the other end 50b of the rubber hose 50 is sealed with a resin 60. As shown in FIG.
- the base end side of the inner hole 17i is also closed.
- the inner hole 17i is closed at the base end side, so that the liquid in the container 100 is W can be suppressed from leaking to the outside from the inner hole 17i.
- the air inside the inner hole 17i cools and contracts, and the liquid W in the container 100 enters the inner hole 17i as the intruding water Wi from the opening m, and enters the inner hole 17i from the inner hole 17i side.
- the ceramic heater 171 is cooled (FIG. 5(c)). In this way, damage or the like due to overheating of the ceramic heater 171 is suppressed. In particular, if the ceramic heater is made smaller (reduced in diameter), it becomes difficult to introduce the liquid W into the inner hole 17i. W can be easily introduced for cooling.
- the base end side of the inner hole 17i of the ceramic heater 171 may be directly closed with a closing portion 62 such as a sealing material.
- Closing with (rubber hose 50) has the following effects. That is, when the rubber hose 50 shown in FIG. 4 is used, the inner hole 17i of the ceramic heater 171 and the second inner space 50i of the rubber hose 50 communicate with each other. increase substantially. As a result, the expansion and contraction of the air in the inner hole 17i shown in FIG. 5 become greater than when the separate member (rubber hose 50) is not used.
- the amount of liquid W introduced into the inner hole 17i can be increased due to the expansion and contraction of the air in the inner hole 17i, and the cooling of the ceramic heater 171 through the inner hole 17i can be further promoted.
- the internal volume V2 of the second internal space 50i of the rubber hose 50 is twice or more the internal volume V1 of the internal hole 17i of the ceramic heater 171
- the apparent volume of the internal hole 17i is three times or more. , which is preferable because cooling can be reliably promoted.
- the closing portions 60 and 62 are positioned closer to the base end side than the heat generating portion 17a. By doing so, the volume of the inner hole 17i can be increased compared to the case where the closing portions 60 and 62 are located on the distal end side of the heat generating portion 17a. The amount of liquid W introduced into the inner hole 17i can be increased.
- the watt density is 100 W/cm 2 when an AC voltage of 100 V is applied to the ceramic heater 171, the heating temperature of the heater itself tends to be higher, so the present invention can be effectively applied.
- the maximum width of the inner wall surface forming the inner hole 17i is 0.5 to 5.0 mm in a cross section obtained by cutting the ceramic heater 171 in a radial direction orthogonal to the front-rear direction L, the liquid W does not enter the inner hole 17i. Since it is difficult, the present invention can be effectively applied.
- the maximum width of the inner wall surface refers to the maximum distance between the inner wall surfaces forming the inner hole in the cross section. Specifically, in consideration of the case where the shape of the inner hole is not circular, as shown in FIG. Let the diameter be D.
- the above cross sections are three cross sections S1, S2, and S3 at positions dividing the ceramic heater 171 into four equal parts in the longitudinal direction L when there is no blocking portion (resin 60 or the like) in the ceramic heater 171 as shown in FIG. , and the average value of the diameter D for each cross section S1, S2, S3 is adopted as the "maximum width of the inner wall surface".
- the clogging portion is located inside the ceramic heater 171, the area of the ceramic heater 171 on the tip side of the clogging portion is divided into four equal parts in the front-rear direction L.
- the average value of the diameter D for is adopted as the "maximum width of the inner wall surface".
- the shapes of the liquid heating device and the ceramic heater are not limited.
- the closing portion is not limited to a member (sealing material or sealing material) separate from the ceramic heater. may be integrated with the ceramic heater.
- the closing portion can be made of a sealing material (sealing material) such as epoxy resin or glass.
- the separate member connected to the proximal end of the ceramic heater is not limited to the one provided with a closing portion such as a sealing material at the end of the separate member, and the inner hole of the separate member itself is open only at one end. , the other end may be manufactured so as to be closed integrally with another member.
- Alumina powder and glass component powder as a sintering aid were pulverized and mixed with water in a mill, and mixed with a binder to obtain a clay-like mixture. Using an extruder, this mixture was extruded through a die fitted with a core to produce a cylindrical ceramic substrate, which was cut into a predetermined length and calcined. On the other hand, a pattern of a heating element was formed on an alumina green sheet with a tungsten and molybdenum paste, and a terminal portion connected to the pattern and connected to the opposite surface of the sheet was formed by printing.
- This printed ceramic green sheet was wrapped around a calcined ceramic substrate and integrally fired. After firing, the exposed terminal portions of the ceramic heater were plated with Ni, and Ni lead members were joined by brazing with Ag brazing to obtain a ceramic heater with leads. Further, an annular resin flange was passed through the base end side of the ceramic heater, and both were joined with an epoxy adhesive. This ceramic heater was inserted into the opening of the side wall of the resin container from the tip side, and airtightly sealed by sandwiching a rubber material between the flange and the side wall. Further, an epoxy adhesive was applied as a closing portion to the base end side of the ceramic heater for sealing.
- a liquid heating apparatus was manufactured by installing a ceramic heater with a total length of 60 mm, a heat generation length of 30 mm, an inner diameter of an inner hole of 0.7 mm, and room temperature resistance values of 6 ⁇ and 9 ⁇ . .
- Comparative Example 1 in the same ceramic heater as in each example, the opening at the tip of the ceramic heater (ceramic substrate) was sealed with an alumina heat-resistant adhesive and attached to a container to manufacture a liquid heating apparatus.
- Comparative Example 2 the same ceramic heater as in each example was manufactured except that the ceramic substrate was non-porous (solid), and attached to a container to manufacture a liquid heating apparatus.
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Abstract
Description
特に、温水洗浄便座用の温水などの急速加熱や、液体加熱装置の小型化を図る目的においては、細長いセラミック基体の外周に巻き付けたセラミックシートに発熱部を埋設した棒状のセラミックヒータが使用される(特許文献1)。
この際、セラミックヒータの貫通孔から液体がケース外に漏れないよう、貫通孔の先端部をセラミック板により封止している。
一方、液体加熱装置の小型化が要求されており、セラミックヒータも小型化される傾向にある。しかしながら、セラミックヒータを小型化(小径化)すると、要求される温度の温水を製造する際に、ヒータ自体の加熱温度をより高温にする必要があり、ヒータのクラック、割れ等が生じるおそれがある。
又、ヒータの過熱により、ヒータと液体加熱装置との固定部(封止部)が損傷し、液体が漏れる可能性もある。
さらに、内孔の先端側は開口として開放されているので、ヒータの加熱及び加熱停止に伴って、内孔の空気が膨張及び収縮し、収縮した時に内孔に液体を容易に導入できる。これにより、内孔を介してセラミックヒータを冷却し、セラミックヒータの過熱による破損等を抑制できる。
この液体加熱装置によれば、閉塞部が前記発熱部よりも先端側に位置する場合に比べ、内孔の容積を多くすることができ、上述した内孔の空気の膨張及び収縮による、内孔への液体の導入量を増大させることができる。
この液体加熱装置によれば、セラミックヒータの内孔と、別部材の第2内部空間が連通するため、セラミックヒータの内孔の容積が別部材の第2内部空間の分だけ実質的に増大する。
すると、内孔の空気の膨張及び収縮が別部材を用いない場合に比べて大きくなるので、内孔の空気の膨張及び収縮による、内孔への液体の導入量を増大させることができ、内孔を介したセラミックヒータの冷却をさらに促進できる。
ワット密度が100W/cm2であると、ヒータ自体の加熱温度がより高温になり易いので、本発明を有効に適用できる。
内孔を形成する内壁面の最大幅が0.5~5.0mmであると、内孔に液体が浸入し難いので、本発明を有効に適用できる。
図1は、本発明の実施形態に係る液体加熱装置200の斜視図、図2はセラミックヒータ171の斜視図、図3はセラミックヒータ171の分解斜視図、図4は図1のA-A線に沿う透視図である。
容器100は、液体W(水)を収容する内部空間100iを有する長円筒状の胴部101と、胴部101の軸方向の両端開口をそれぞれ閉塞する先端蓋107及び後端蓋109と、胴部101に一体に設けられた液体Wの導入口103及び排出口105と、を有する。
そして、胴部101の軸方向の両端はフランジ状に径方向に突出し、胴部101の両端と、先端蓋107及び後端蓋109とは、Oリング(図示しない)により気密にシールされている。
又、セラミックヒータ171、172の基端部17R側には、外部から電力を供給するための後述するリード線15,16が接続されている。
樹脂60が特許請求の範囲の「閉塞部」に相当する。
また、図示しないが、本例では、液体加熱装置200は、先後方向Lが略水平方向で排出口105側が若干上方に位置するように温水洗浄便座に設置され、各セラミックヒータ171、172は横置きされている。
また、容器100の内壁とセラミックヒータ171、172との間には隙間が形成されており、導入口103を通って内部空間100iに導入された液体Wは、セラミックヒータ171、172の外面に先後方向Lに沿って接触しつつ加熱された後、排出口105まで流れる。
図2に示すように、セラミックヒータ171は、リード線15,16を介して外部からの通電により発熱する発熱体17hを有する。発熱体17hは、導体を先後方向Lに蛇行させて発熱パターンとして形成してなる発熱部17aを先端側に有すると共に、発熱部17aの両端から後端側に引き出される一対のリード部17bを有している。
なお、発熱部17aは先後方向Lに領域Lhにわたって形成されている。
セラミック基体17gは筒状であり、中心に貫通孔をなす内孔17iを有している。
なお、リード線15,16はリード端子18,18にカシメられて電気的に接続されている(図2参照)。
従って、セラミックヒータ171の径方向の断面を見ると、発熱部17aは有端環状をなしてセラミックヒータ171に埋設されると共に、発熱部17aの2つの環端17eの間に非発熱部となるスリット17vが形成されることになる。
なお、セラミックグリーンシート17s1を省略し、セラミックグリーンシート17s2の裏面側に発熱体17hを印刷等で形成し、発熱体17h側をセラミック基体17gに向けてセラミックグリーンシート17s2を巻き付けてもよい。この場合、発熱体17h(発熱部17a)は、セラミック基体17gとセラミックグリーンシート17s2の間に配置されることになる。
図4に示すように、セラミックヒータ171の内孔17iは、先端部に開口が形成されて容器100の内部空間100iと連通している。
一方、セラミックヒータ171の基端側には、セラミック基体17gに外嵌するようにゴムホース50の一端50aが接続されている。そして、ゴムホース50の内部には、内孔17iに連通して内孔17iの一部となる第2内部空間50iが内孔として形成されている。
又、ゴムホース50の他端50bの内孔が樹脂60で封止されている。
これにより、セラミックヒータ171が内孔17iを有し、この内孔17iが容器100の内部空間100iと連通する構造において、内孔17iが基端部側で閉塞されるので、容器100内の液体Wが内孔17iから外部に漏れることを抑制できる。
まず、容器100に最初に液体Wを導入した際、内孔17iの先端側の開口mから液体Wが内孔17iの一部(先端側)に侵入するか、又は内孔17iが小径の場合には内孔17iに液体Wが侵入せずに内孔17iの内部に空気が滞留する(図5(a))。
次に、セラミックヒータ171を加熱すると、内孔17iに存在する空気又は液体Wが膨張又は沸騰し、気泡bbとなるが、内孔17iの基端側は閉塞されているので、気泡bbは開口mから容器100へ流出し、内孔17iに加熱された空気が滞留する(図5(b))。
このようにして、セラミックヒータ171の過熱による破損等を抑制する。
特に、セラミックヒータを小型化(小径化)すると、内孔17iに液体Wを導入し難くなるが、上述のように内孔17iの空気の膨張及び収縮を利用することで、内孔17iに液体Wを容易に導入して冷却を行える。
つまり、図4に示すゴムホース50を用いると、セラミックヒータ171の内孔17iとゴムホース50の第2内部空間50iが連通するため、内孔17iの容積がゴムホース50の第2内部空間50iの分だけ実質的に増大する。
すると、図5に示した内孔17iの空気の膨張及び収縮が別部材(ゴムホース50)を用いない場合に比べて大きくなる。これにより、上述した内孔17iの空気の膨張及び収縮による、内孔17iへの液体Wの導入量を増大させることができ、内孔17iを介したセラミックヒータ171の冷却をさらに促進できる。
このような観点からは、ゴムホース50の第2内部空間50iの内容積V2が、セラミックヒータ171の内孔17iの内容積V1の2倍以上であると、内孔17iの見かけ容積が3倍以上になり、冷却を確実に促進できるので好ましい。
このようにすると、閉塞部60,62が発熱部17aよりも先端側に位置する場合に比べ、内孔17iの容積を多くすることができ、上述した内孔17iの空気の膨張及び収縮による、内孔17iへの液体Wの導入量を増大させることができる。
ここで、内壁面の最大幅とは、上記断面において内孔を形成する内壁面間の最大距離を指す。
具体的には、内孔の形状が円形でない場合も考慮し、図7に示すように、断面における内孔17iの外周のすべてを自身の内部に収容する円のうち最も直径の小さい円Cの直径Dとする。
一方、閉塞部がセラミックヒータ171内にある場合は、セラミックヒータ171のうち閉塞部よりも先端側の領域を先後方向Lに4等分する位置の3つの断面として、上記と同様に3つの断面についての直径Dの平均値を「内壁面の最大幅」として採用する。
例えば、液体加熱装置やセラミックヒータの形状は限定されない。
又、閉塞部はセラミックヒータと別個の部材(シール材や封止材)であるものに限らず、例えばセラミック基体17gの製造時に内孔17iが基端側で閉塞するように形成し、閉塞部がセラミックヒータと一体になるようにしてもよい。
なお、閉塞部は、例えばエポキシ樹脂やガラス等のシール材(封止材)とすることができる。
同様に、セラミックヒータの基端に接続される別部材についても、この別部材の端部に封止材等の閉塞部を設けるものに限定されず、別部材の内孔自体が一端のみ開口し、他端で別部材と一体に閉塞するように製造されたものでもよい。
一方、アルミナグリーンシート上にタングステン、モリブデンペーストで発熱体のパターンを形成し、さらにこのパターンに繋がってシート反対面に繋がる端子部を印刷、形成した。
さらにセラミックヒータの基端側に環状の樹脂フランジを貫通させ、エポキシ接着剤で両者を接合した。
このセラミックヒータを先端側から樹脂製の容器の側壁の開口に差込み、フランジと側壁との間にゴム材を挟んで気密封止した。また、セラミックヒータの基端側にエポキシ接着剤を閉塞部として塗布し、封止した。
以上のように、セラミックヒータの全長60mm、発熱部長30mm、内孔の内径0.7mm、室温抵抗値を6Ω及び9Ωとしたものを設置した液体加熱装置を製造し、実施例1,2とした。
比較例2として、セラミック基体を無孔(中実)としたこと以外は各実施例と同一のセラミックヒータを製造し、容器に取り付け、液体加熱装置を製造した。
比較例1、2の場合、それぞれ5サイクル以下、4サイクル以下でセラミックヒータが割れ、温水製造を中断した。
以上のことから、セラミックヒータの内孔の先端側を開口し、基端側を閉塞した各実施例の場合、ヒータの加熱及び加熱停止に伴って、内孔の空気が膨張及び収縮し、収縮した時に内孔に液体を容易に導入でき、内孔を介してセラミックヒータを冷却できることがわかった。
17i 内孔
17T セラミックヒータの先端部
17R セラミックヒータの基端部
50 別部材
50i 第2内部空間
60,62 閉塞部
100 容器
100i 内部空間
103 導入口
105 排出口
171~172 セラミックヒータ
200 液体加熱装置
L 先後方向
m 開口
W 液体(水)
Claims (5)
- 内部空間と、前記内部空間に連通する導入口及び排出口と、を有する容器と、
先後方向に延び、自身の先端部が前記内部空間内に位置し、前記先端部に発熱部を有するセラミックヒータと、
を備え、
液体が前記導入口から導入され、前記内部空間を通って、前記排出口まで流れる過程において、前記セラミックヒータによって前記液体を加熱する液体加熱装置であって、
前記セラミックヒータは、前記先後方向に延び、先端部に開口が形成されて前記内部空間と連通する内孔を有し、
前記内孔は基端部側で閉塞部により閉塞されることを特徴とする液体加熱装置。 - 前記閉塞部が前記発熱部よりも基端側に位置することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の液体加熱装置。
- 前記閉塞部は、前記セラミックヒータと別部材であって、前記セラミックヒータの基端に接続されることで前記内孔の一部として自身の内部に第2内部空間が形成される別部材に配置されることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の液体加熱装置。
- 前記セラミックヒータに100Vの交流電圧を印加したときにワット密度が100W/cm2となることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の液体加熱装置。
- 前記セラミックヒータを前記先後方向に直交する径方向に切断した断面において、
前記内孔を形成する内壁面の最大幅が0.5~5.0mmであることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の液体加熱装置。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22910696.8A EP4456666A1 (en) | 2021-12-20 | 2022-11-18 | Liquid-heating device |
| CN202280068470.4A CN118176826A (zh) | 2021-12-20 | 2022-11-18 | 液体加热装置 |
| JP2023519663A JPWO2023119978A1 (ja) | 2021-12-20 | 2022-11-18 | |
| US18/703,807 US20240422866A1 (en) | 2021-12-20 | 2022-11-18 | Liquid heating device |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20240422866A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP4456666A1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPWO2023119978A1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN118176826A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2023119978A1 (ja) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6365211A (ja) * | 1986-09-08 | 1988-03-23 | Isuzu Motors Ltd | 液体燃料気化装置 |
| JPS63105713U (ja) * | 1986-12-27 | 1988-07-08 | ||
| JPH09289073A (ja) | 1996-04-24 | 1997-11-04 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | 通電遮断機能付きセラミックヒータ及びそれを用いた液体加熱ユニット |
| JP2002083672A (ja) * | 1999-09-30 | 2002-03-22 | Miyoshi Electronics Corp | パイプヒータおよびパイプヒータを用いる流体加熱装置 |
| WO2006068131A1 (ja) * | 2004-12-20 | 2006-06-29 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | セラミックヒータ、熱交換ユニット、及び温水洗浄便座 |
| JP2017009255A (ja) * | 2015-06-26 | 2017-01-12 | 新熱工業株式会社 | 流体加熱器 |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3691649B2 (ja) * | 1997-10-28 | 2005-09-07 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | セラミックヒータ |
| JP2003090613A (ja) * | 2001-09-18 | 2003-03-28 | Komatsu Electronics Inc | 流体加熱装置 |
| CN217178882U (zh) * | 2018-10-09 | 2022-08-12 | 京瓷株式会社 | 热交换单元以及具备其的清洗装置 |
-
2022
- 2022-11-18 WO PCT/JP2022/042819 patent/WO2023119978A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2022-11-18 US US18/703,807 patent/US20240422866A1/en active Pending
- 2022-11-18 EP EP22910696.8A patent/EP4456666A1/en active Pending
- 2022-11-18 CN CN202280068470.4A patent/CN118176826A/zh active Pending
- 2022-11-18 JP JP2023519663A patent/JPWO2023119978A1/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6365211A (ja) * | 1986-09-08 | 1988-03-23 | Isuzu Motors Ltd | 液体燃料気化装置 |
| JPS63105713U (ja) * | 1986-12-27 | 1988-07-08 | ||
| JPH09289073A (ja) | 1996-04-24 | 1997-11-04 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | 通電遮断機能付きセラミックヒータ及びそれを用いた液体加熱ユニット |
| JP2002083672A (ja) * | 1999-09-30 | 2002-03-22 | Miyoshi Electronics Corp | パイプヒータおよびパイプヒータを用いる流体加熱装置 |
| WO2006068131A1 (ja) * | 2004-12-20 | 2006-06-29 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | セラミックヒータ、熱交換ユニット、及び温水洗浄便座 |
| JP2017009255A (ja) * | 2015-06-26 | 2017-01-12 | 新熱工業株式会社 | 流体加熱器 |
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| JPWO2023119978A1 (ja) | 2023-06-29 |
| EP4456666A1 (en) | 2024-10-30 |
| US20240422866A1 (en) | 2024-12-19 |
| CN118176826A (zh) | 2024-06-11 |
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