WO2024191319A1 - Well-drilling lubricant composition and method for producing same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of drilling oil and gas wells, and more particularly to lubricant compositions for water-based drilling fluids and to methods for producing same. A drilling fluid lubricant composition according to the present invention contains a heavy pyrolysis tar and a hydrocarbon drag reducer in the form of a combination of ethoxylated alcohols, in the following proportions: 60-97 wt% heavy pyrolysis tar; 3-40 wt% drag reducer. The claimed well-drilling composition, produced from accessible and inexpensive raw materials, is not susceptible to saponification, does not contain organochlorine compounds and exhibits performance attributes on a par with contemporary lubricants.

Description

LUBRICANT COMPOSITION FOR DRILLING AND METHOD OF ITS PRODUCTION

Field of technology.

The invention relates to the field of drilling oil and gas wells, in particular to lubricating compositions for water-based drilling fluids and methods for producing them.

State of the art.

The use of lubricating additives - lubricants in drilling fluids and process fluids occupies a particularly important place in the technical and technological, economic and environmental indicators of the success of oil and gas well construction. In the construction of oil and gas wells, great importance is attached to the issues of reducing energy consumption and accidents during the drilling process by using drilling fluids with improved tribological (lubricating, anti-sticking, anti-wear) properties. Particularly strong problems arise associated with friction forces and an increase in torque during rotation, with loads when lifting the drill string when drilling directional and horizontal wells, as well as when drilling small-diameter sidetracks with large deviations from the vertical. It is in such conditions that the use of drilling fluids with increased lubricating ability gives the most noticeable positive effect. Improvement of tribological properties depends on the chemical nature of the organic base of the lubricating additive and its concentration in the drilling fluid, on the physicochemical ability reduce the friction coefficient in a polydisperse medium enriched with drilled solid mineral phase. Reducing the friction coefficient of the drilling mud during drilling allows: reducing hydraulic resistance during wellbore flushing, reducing the torque during rotation of the drill pipe string and reducing resistance during its longitudinal movement in the well; reducing the likelihood of differential sticking and the costs of eliminating them; increasing the service life of drill pipes and their connections, hydraulic parts of drilling pumps, downhole motors and rock-cutting tools.

In world practice, lubricating compositions for drilling are known, which are derivatives of vegetable fats, for example, a lubricating additive to drilling fluids is known according to Russian patent No. 2684657 [1], containing vegetable oil and a hydrocarbon synthetic liquid, characterized in that it additionally contains a fatty acid ester of vegetable oils and a surfactant, which is a non-ionic or zwitterionic surfactant, with the following ratio of components, wt.%: vegetable oil - 40-80; hydrocarbon synthetic liquid - 10-40; fatty acid ester of vegetable oils - 5-20; non-ionic or zwitterionic surfactant 0.5-2.

A lubricating composition for treating clay drilling fluids based on animal fats is known according to Russian patent No. 2106381 [2], containing natural fat mass, a neutralizing agent, water and an additive, characterized in that it contains sulphonated fish oil as an additive in the following ratio of components, wt.%: natural fat mass - 60-90; neutralizing agent - 2-5; sulfated fish oil - 2-10; water - the rest. The composition may additionally contain triethylene glycol in an amount of 4-20%.

A lubricating additive to drilling fluids is known according to Russian patent No. 2457236 [3], including a phosphatide concentrate isolated from sunflower oil, characterized in that the lubricating additive additionally contains tar from the distillation of fatty acids isolated from soap stocks of light vegetable oils, with the following ratio of components, wt.%: phosphatide concentrate isolated from sunflower oil - 70-90; tar from the distillation of fatty acids isolated from soap stocks of light vegetable oils - 30-10.

A lubricating composition for drilling fluids is known according to USSR Patent No. 1 196369 [4], containing water and a lubricating additive, characterized in that it additionally contains caustic soda or caustic potassium, and a mixture of vegetable oil soap stock and T-80 flotation reagent is used as a lubricating additive in the following ratio of components, wt.%: vegetable oil soap stock - 28-33; oxal T-80 flotation reagent - 0.8-3.2; caustic soda or caustic potassium - 3.0-4.5; water - the rest.

A lubricating additive for drilling fluids is known according to Russian patent No. 2197511 [5], containing light tall oil, triethanolamine, characterized in that it additionally contains oxyethylated alkylphenol CdH^C6HgOCCrH^OOH, propylene pentamer in the following ratio of ingredients, wt. %: light tall oil - 35-55; oxyethylated alkylphenol C H^C6HgO^H LOOH - 5-10; triethanolamine - 5-10; propylene pentamer - 35-55.

As can be seen from the examples given, lubricating compositions based on vegetable and animal fats, soapstocks, tars, and tall oil are widespread. Mixtures of tars, soapstocks, vegetable oils and animal fats, as well as saponification products of gossypol resin can be considered the most economically acceptable products as lubricating additives.

The disadvantages of this type of lubricating additives are their freezing temperature; in winter, these products thicken and freeze, which complicates their use. Of undoubted practical interest is the use of various surface-active substances in combination with the most accessible hydrocarbon carriers, such as tars or fuel oils, as lubricating additives. Although these hydrocarbons are secondary products of oil rectification or distillation of fatty acids, they do not belong to the so-called waste hydrocarbons containing mechanical impurities and oxidation products, such as waste machine or turbine oil.

A lubricating additive for drilling fluids is known according to the USSR patent No. 1693018 [6], containing organic acids and a liquid organic product, wherein tall oil or bottoms residue from the production of fatty acids are used as organic acids, and polyalkylbenzene resin, or ethylbenzene styrene resin, or heavy pyrolysis resin are used as the liquid organic product. The ratio of components organic acids: liquid organic product is 1:3-9. This patent was chosen as a prototype.

The disadvantage of this additive is the absence of a universal antifriction additive for any type of hydrocarbons, which narrows the scope of its application.

The primary objective of modern developments of lubricants for drilling fluids is to achieve maximum reduction of friction of the drilling tool and increase the speed well construction. However, at present, the budget allocated by consumers for drilling lubricants has reached its minimum values in recent years. This fact significantly narrows the possible range of raw materials used for the production of technological lubricants, reducing its cost to a minimum. The main problem of budget lubricants is the integral presence of fatty acids in their composition, which are subject to saponification in the presence of alkaline earth metals. Saponification products contribute to strong foaming of the drilling fluid, which entails a number of problems such as failure of pumping equipment, a drop in the density of the drilling fluid, a decrease in the hydraulic power of the drilling tool, etc.

Thus, the creation of a technologically advanced lubricating additive for drilling fluids based on secondary hydrocarbon products, providing maximum technical and economic effect and constancy of the physical and chemical properties of the drilling fluid, is one of the main tasks of leading oilfield service companies.

For a comparative study of the properties of the proposed invention, modern lubricating additives "LUBRICODE" manufactured by Volstar LLC, as well as "ECOLUBE" manufactured by MI-SWACO were selected. These lubricating additives have proven themselves well in the mid-budget segment of drilling lubricants over the past ten years and have found wide application in leading oilfield service companies.

According to the data from the normative and technical documentation, the lubricant "LUBRICODE" consists of waste oils of variable origin, as well as surfactants from the class of ethoxylated alcohols (neonols) and aliphatic amines, allowing the oil to disperse in an aqueous environment. The lubricant "ECOLUBE" is a combination of higher fatty acids and their esters, which are themselves surface-active compounds. The natural origin of the raw materials of this product ensures its environmental safety along with good performance characteristics. However, fatty acids are subject to saponification in the presence of alkaline earth metals, which suggests some limitations in the use of this lubricant additive.

The disadvantages of these lubricants also include their relatively high cost and the possibility of containing organochlorine compounds.

The essence of the invention.

The aim of the present invention is to obtain a lubricating composition for drilling that provides the required lubricating and functional properties when using accessible and inexpensive raw materials as a base.

The stated objective is achieved in that the lubricating composition for a drilling fluid according to the proposed invention contains heavy pyrolysis resin and an antifriction additive - a product of a two-stage synthesis, in which at the first stage a chemical reaction of an unsaturated fatty acid and an aliphatic amine occurs, and at the second stage the semi-product reacts with tetrahydrophthalic acid anhydride to form a branched surfactant with a transition hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, with the following ratio of components, wt.%: heavy pyrolysis resin - 60-97; said antifriction additive - 3-40, the lubricating composition for a drilling fluid according to the proposed invention may also contain diesel fuel in an amount of up to 10 wt.%, the lubricating composition for a drilling fluid according to The proposed invention may also contain tall oil fatty acids in its composition in an amount of up to 15 wt.%.

The stated objective is achieved by the fact that the lubricating composition for drilling mud is obtained in the following way: heavy pyrolysis resin is introduced into the process tank in an amount of 60 to 97 wt.% with an additive in an amount of 3 to 40 wt.%, then the mass is stirred for at least two hours at normal temperature, an antifriction additive is used as an additive - a product of a two-stage synthesis, in which at the first stage a chemical reaction of an unsaturated fatty acid and an aliphatic amine occurs, and at the second stage the semi-product reacts with tetrahydrophthalic acid anhydride to form a branched surfactant with a transition hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, diesel fuel can also be added to the process tank in an amount of up to 10 wt.%, tall oil fatty acids can also be added to the process tank in an amount of up to 15 wt.%.

A review of patents and literature sources showed that the most preferable base for creating a high-quality lubricating material intended for drilling fluids are forest chemical industry products and high-boiling fractions of oil. High-boiling fractions of oil are not subject to saponification and the formation of side compounds, and also completely exclude the presence of organochlorine compounds in their composition.

The basis for the preparation of a universal lubricant according to the proposed invention is heavy pyrolysis resin of grades A and B. It is an optimal carrier for functional additives of any type, since it is a relatively pure petroleum product that does not contain foreign reactive compounds and groups, while ensuring the necessary synergistic effect with most surface-active compounds, ensuring a high degree of dispersion in an aqueous medium, as well as the formation of a film on metal surfaces.

Heavy pyrolysis resin is obtained by pyrolysis of low-octane gasolines and gas oils to obtain ethylene and propylene in significant quantities, as well as by pyrolysis of gas feedstock, liquefied hydrocarbon gases or naphtha. In industry, heavy pyrolysis resin is most often used as a raw material for the production of soot or as fuel. The main physical properties of heavy pyrolysis resin are given in Table No. 1.

An example of a universal antifriction additive for any type of hydrocarbons, providing the latter with excellent lubricating properties, is a product of a two-stage synthesis, in which at the first stage a chemical reaction of an unsaturated fatty acid and an aliphatic amine occurs, and at the second stage the semi-product reacts with tetrahydrophthalic acid anhydride to form a branched surfactant with a transition hydrophilic-lipophilic balance.

The main physical properties of such a universal antifriction additive are given in Table No. 2.

The use of the properties of the specified base and the surface-active additive of the claimed patent makes it possible to obtain an effective drilling lubricant that is not subject to saponification and does not contain organochlorine compounds.

Safety and simplicity of the preparation process is one of the advantages of the declared product. The use of an additional component in the form of diesel fuel serves the purpose of adjusting the viscosity of the lubricating composition.

Tall oil fatty acids, additionally introduced into the composition, act as a viscosity regulator and foam inhibitor.

The technical result is the production of a lubricating composition for drilling from accessible and inexpensive raw materials, which is not subject to saponification, does not contain organochlorine compounds and provides functional properties at the level of modern lubricating additives.

The achievement of the technical result is confirmed by comparative studies of the rheological, filtration and friction properties of drilling fluids obtained using lubricating compositions according to the claimed invention and the widely used lubricating additives "LUBRICODE" manufactured by Volstar LLC and "ECOLUBE" manufactured by MI-SWACO.

To conduct comparative studies, two lubricating compositions were prepared according to the claimed invention. Composition 1 contained heavy pyrolysis resin in an amount of 97 wt.% and an antifriction additive in an amount of 3 wt.%. Composition 2 contained heavy pyrolysis resin in an amount of 60 wt.% and an antifriction additive in an amount of 40 wt.%.

The process of obtaining these compositions is described in the examples.

To conduct the research, basic model solutions based on water were prepared according to Table No. 3.

A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of lubricating additives was carried out using a Hamilton Beach 2 high-speed laboratory mixer, an OFITE Lubricity tester, an OFITE API Filter press, and an OFITE API analyzer. filter cake stickiness - KTK-2. Foaming ability of model solutions was assessed by whipping them on high-speed Hamilton Beach mixers at 6000 rpm for 5 minutes and then recording the volume of foam formed for 15 minutes. All tests were conducted at room temperature before and after thermal aging of model solutions at 80°C for 16 hours.

The obtained results are presented in Table No. 4, where K tr. is the friction coefficient, and KTK is the friction coefficient of the filter cake.

The foaming ability study of base solutions No. 1 and 2, which do not contain lubricating additives, showed that solution No. 1 forms a much larger volume of stable foam both before and after the thermal aging process, this is due to the high content of sodium chloride salt and the simultaneous presence of high-viscosity polyanionic cellulose in solution No. 1, which creates favorable conditions for foaming. Solutions No. 3 and 4, containing 2% vol. of LUBRICODE lubricant, showed a decrease in instant foaming by 88% compared to base solutions and complete destruction of foam within 10 minutes. Solutions No. 5 and 6, containing ECOLUBE lubricant, showed short-term foam formation in the amount of up to 20%, however, the foam formed was extremely unstable, which led to its complete destruction within a minute, this indicates that ECOLUBE does not form by-product surfactants that stabilize foams in the presence of monovalent salts.

In the case of solutions No. 7, 8, 9, 10, containing 2% by volume of lubricating additive in the form of Composition 1 or Composition 2, respectively, foaming was practically absent. Such an effect is achieved due to the presence of surfactants in both lubricants, increasing surface tension and significantly reducing foam stability. During the laboratory work, an analysis was also conducted of the dependence of the friction coefficient of model solutions containing the lubricating additive according to the present invention on its concentration; a regular increase in the efficiency of the lubricant was established with an increase in the concentration of the antifriction additive.

The data obtained as a result of the research show the high practical potential of the base in the form of heavy pyrolysis resin for the synthesis of chemical reagents: it can be an optimal base for obtaining such reagents as lubricants and antifoams.

The results of the research showed that the obtained product does not have a negative impact on the rheological and filtration parameters of the most common model drilling fluids widely used for well construction.

List of tables.

Table No. 1 - Basic physical properties of heavy pyrolysis resin.

Table No. 2 - Basic physical properties of antifriction additive.

Table No. 3 - Composition of model drilling fluids.

Table No. 4 - Foaming and friction characteristics of model solutions.

Example 1.

Heavy pyrolysis resin in an amount of 97 wt.% with an antifriction additive in an amount of 3 wt.% was loaded into a process tank equipped with a mixer, then the mass was stirred for 120 minutes at normal temperature and the lubricating composition was unloaded. Example 2.

Heavy pyrolysis resin in an amount of 60 wt.% with an antifriction additive in an amount of 40 wt.% was loaded into a process tank equipped with a mixer, then the mass was stirred for 120 minutes at normal temperature and the lubricating composition was unloaded.

Example 3.

Heavy pyrolysis resin in an amount of 70 wt.% with an antifriction additive in an amount of 15 wt.% was loaded into a process tank equipped with a mixer, diesel fuel in an amount of 10 wt.% and tall oil fatty acids in an amount of 5 wt.% were added, then the mass was stirred for 140 minutes at normal temperature and the lubricating composition was unloaded.

Sources of information used:

1. RF Patent No. 2684657. S09K 8/035. Lubricant additive to drilling fluids / Timur Aleksandrovich Fink (RU), Mikhail Sergeevich Akhmedyanov (RU). Application 05/28/2018, publ. 04/11/2019 Bulletin. No. 11.

2. Russian Federation Patent No. 2106381. C09K 7/02. Lubricating composition for treating clay drilling fluids / Moisa Yu.N. (RU), Belskaya L.A. (RU), Maltsev L.S. (RU), Konovalov E.A. (RU), Kashkarov N.G. (RU), Gorlov S.G. (RU), Goryacheva M.V. (RU), Ivchenko A.M. (RU), Demin V.V. (RU), Bezsolitsen V.P. (RU), Sidorov V.M. (RU). Appl. 21.03.1996, published 10.03.1998.

3. Russian Federation Patent No. 2457236. C09K 8/035. Lubricating additive to drilling fluids / Gubanov Alexander Vladimirovich (RU), Postolov Yuri Mikhailovich (RU), Lisitsyn Alexander Nikolaevich (RU), Yashenkov Yuri Vladimirovich (RU), Gubanov Sergey Alexandrovich (RU). Appl. 02.12.2010, published 27.07.2012 Bulletin No. 21. 4. USSR patent No. 1196369. S09K 7/02. Lubricant composition for drilling fluids / Ermakov Nikolay Petrovich (SU), Musienko Ivan Andreevich (SU), Music Viktor Fedorovich (SU). Application 03/16/1984, publ. 12/07/1985.

5. RF Patent No. 2197511. S09K 7/02. Lubricant additive for drilling fluids / Makhoro Vladimir Alekseevich (RU), Chichkanova Tamara Valentinovna (RU), Kamenshchikov Felix Anatolyevich (RU), Samatov Rif Mansurovich (RU), Arslanov Farit Ganeevich (RU). Application 03/27/2001, publ. 01/27/2003 Bulletin. No. 3.

6. USSR Patent No. 1693018. S09K 7/06. Lubricant additive for clayey drilling fluids / Runov Vladimir Andreevich, Moisa Yuri Nikolaevich, Park Hye Sek, Krezub Anatoly Panteleimonovich, Zolotova Galina Vladimirovna, Pavlychev Valentin Nikolaevich, Tsaplin Yuri Matveevich, Kokh Nikolai Georgievich, Borulenkov Petr Egorovich. Application 06/12/1989, publ. 11/23/1991.

Claims

CLAUSE OF THE INVENTION 1. A lubricating composition for drilling mud containing heavy pyrolysis resin and an additive, characterized in that it contains an antifriction additive - a product of a two-stage synthesis, in which at the first stage a chemical reaction of an unsaturated fatty acid and an aliphatic amine occurs, and at the second stage the semi-product reacts with tetrahydrophthalic acid anhydride to form a branched surfactant with a transition hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, with the following ratio of the components of the lubricating composition, wt.%: Heavy pyrolysis resin - 60 - 97 The specified antifriction additive is 3 - 40. 2. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally contains diesel fuel in an amount of up to 10 wt.%. 3. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally contains tall oil fatty acids in an amount of up to 15 wt.%. 4. A method for producing a lubricating composition for a drilling mud, characterized in that heavy pyrolysis resin is introduced into a process tank in an amount of 60 to 97 wt.% with an additive in an amount of 3 to 40 wt.%, then the mass is stirred for at least two hours at normal temperature, an antifriction additive is used as an additive - a product of a two-stage synthesis, in which at the first stage a chemical reaction of an unsaturated fatty acid and an aliphatic amine occurs, and at the second stage the semi-product reacts with tetrahydrophthalic acid anhydride to form a branched surfactant with a transition hydrophilic-lipophilic balance. 5. The method according to paragraph 4, characterized in that diesel fuel is introduced into the process tank in an amount of up to 10 May.%. 6. The method according to item 4, characterized in that tall oil fatty acids are introduced into the process container in an amount of up to 15 wt.%.