CN108533250B - Low-side measuring device and method for well deviation measurement - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-side measuring device for well inclination measurement, which comprises a cylindrical steel cylinder, a steel cover plate is arranged on the upper end surface of the steel cylinder, a cylindrical insulating structure is coaxially arranged inside the steel cylinder, and the insulating structure The bottom surface of the insulation structure is a spherical convex surface. There is a circle of groove A on the inner wall of the insulation structure. A circle of carbon film slip ring is arranged in the groove A. A circle of groove B is opened in the center of the bottom of the insulation structure. There is a ring-shaped copper belt, and steel balls are set in the insulating structure. Terminal A, terminal B and terminal C are respectively provided on the steel cylinder. Terminal A and terminal B are connected to the carbon film slip ring, and terminal C is connected to the ring Copper tape connection. The invention also discloses a low-side measurement method, which solves the problems of low measurement accuracy and inconvenient use of the existing low-side measurement device.

Description

A low-side measurement device and measurement method for well deviation measurement

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of mine exploration and measurement, and in particular relates to a low-side measurement device for well deviation measurement, and also relates to a measurement method of the measurement device.

Background technique

In the energy industry, oil, natural gas and coal exploration and mining technology are very important. In the working environment of mine drilling and mining, the measurement system is often affected by magnetic field interference, especially in the case of strong magnetic field with randomness. The commonly used well deviation Most of the measurement systems use the measurement structure based on the principle of fluxgate and acceleration, which is difficult to meet the needs of the actual working conditions.

Most of the commonly used well inclination measurement units now use fluxgates and mechanical frame gyroscopes. The working accuracy is easily affected by the external environmental magnetic field, vibration, impact, temperature, etc., and the structure is complex, which is not conducive to use in complex environments. Fluxgates are mainly used to measure weak magnetic fields, but there may be a large number of strong disturbance magnetic fields in drilling, which may submerge the fluxgate’s sensitive signal to geomagnetism, or need to measure inside the magnetic shield, so the fluxgate cannot work. The structure of the gyroscope is complex, and the friction loss of the structure under long-term work will lead to performance degradation, and the impact resistance is poor and it is easy to be damaged.

In the process of directional drilling in the petroleum industry, in order to effectively control the wellbore trajectory, it is necessary to accurately measure parameters such as well deviation, azimuth, and tool face. In a non-magnetic environment, these parameters are usually measured by inclinometers while drilling. To convert the output data of the inclinometer while drilling into the angle parameters required by drilling engineers and technicians, coordinate transformation must be performed, and the transformed parameters are in the form of well inclination, azimuth, gravity tool face angle and magnetic tool face angle. The specific definition is as follows:

(1) Well inclination β, the angle between the centerline of the wellbore and the vertical line, the well inclination angle in the vertical direction is 0°, and the inclination angle in the horizontal direction is 90°. The range of inclination angle is 0°～180°.

(2) Azimuth α, the angle between the earth's magnetic north direction and the horizontal projection direction of the borehole, the magnetic north direction is different from the true north direction, and the magnetic declination angles in different regions are also different. The azimuth varies from 0° to 360°. When the well deviation is 0°, the azimuth angle cannot be determined.

(3) Gravity tool-face angle, also called high-side tool-face angle (GTF), is the angle at which the oblique opening of the tool rotates clockwise relative to the high-side of the wellbore when looking down at the wellbore. It can also be understood as the high-side direction line is The starting edge, clockwise to the angle of the intersection of the tool face and the bottom hole circular plane; the angle of the high side tool face varies from 0° to 360°. angle uncertain

(4) The magnetic tool face angle is the angle between the oblique orientation of the tool and the magnetic north direction when looking down at the wellbore. The magnetic tool face angle (MTF) varies from 0° to 360°. When the axis of the borehole is exactly at the pole of the earth, the magnetic tool face angle cannot be measured.

From the above four measurement parameters, it can be seen that the significance of the tool face angle parameter is that the highest point above the tool face is the high side, and the corresponding lowest point below the tool face is the low side. If you can measure the low side, you can also determine the high side. The accuracy of data measured by existing low-side parameter measurement devices is not high, and in complex mining environments, it is very inconvenient to use gyroscopes and fluxgates for measurement.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a low-side measuring device for well inclination measurement, which solves the problems of low measurement accuracy and inconvenient use of the existing low-side measuring device.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a low-side measurement method for well deviation measurement.

The first technical solution adopted in the present invention is a low-side measuring device for well inclination measurement, which includes a cylindrical steel cylinder, a steel cover is provided on the upper end of the steel cylinder, and a steel cover is coaxially installed inside the steel cylinder. Cylindrical insulating structure, and the bottom surface of the insulating structure is a spherical convex surface. There is a circle of groove A on the inner wall of the insulating structure. A circle of carbon film slip ring is arranged in the groove A. A circle of concave Groove B, there is a ring-shaped copper belt in the groove B, steel balls are arranged in the insulating structure, and terminal A, terminal B and terminal C are respectively arranged on the steel cylinder, terminal A and terminal B are sliding with the carbon film The ring is connected, and the terminal C is connected with the ring copper strip.

The feature of the first technical solution adopted in the present invention is also that,

The steel cover plate and the steel cylinder are connected by threads.

The insulating structure is made of polyamide 66.

The carbon film slip ring is provided with an opening, and the two ends of the opening are respectively connected to the terminal A and the terminal B, and the terminal C is connected to any point of the annular copper strip.

The inner surface of the carbon film slip ring is concave inward.

The surface of the steel ball is smooth and gold-plated.

The second technical solution adopted in the present invention is a low-side measurement method for well inclination measurement, and the specific process is as follows:

Step 1, respectively connect terminal A and terminal B to direct current through wires, and terminal A is connected to the positive pole, terminal B is connected to the negative pole, and terminal C is used as the measuring electrode;

Step 2. Place the steel cylinder at an angle. The steel ball is still at the lowest point in the steel cylinder. The outer surface of the steel ball is in contact with the carbon film slip ring and the annular copper belt at the same time, that is, the terminal A, terminal B and the wiring are connected through the steel ball. Column C is turned on, and an electrical signal is output through terminal C;

Step 3, according to the electrical signal output in step 2, determine the position of the low side.

The specific process of step 3 is:

The carbon film slip ring and terminal A and terminal B are equivalent to variable resistance devices, the carbon film slip ring is a resistor, and the steel balls are located at different contact points on the carbon film slip ring, which is equivalent to a sliding contact;

When the carbon film slip ring is used as a voltage divider, the high, low, and sliding end output voltages of the carbon film slip ring are represented by UH, UL, and UW respectively;

When the carbon film slip ring is used as an adjustable resistor, the total resistance from the high end to the low end of the carbon film slip ring and the resistance from the sliding end to the low end are represented by R and RW respectively.

According to Ohm's law, the following formula (1) can be obtained:

(UH-UL)/R=UW/RW (1);

It can be seen from the above formula (1) that the RW resistance is proportional to the physical position of the sliding point on the carbon film slip ring, and the ratio of the resistance value is consistent with the position ratio of the sliding end on the carbon film slip ring. Under the condition of temperature change, R The /RW ratio remains unchanged; from the formula (1), the resistance R/RW ratio can be obtained according to the output voltage (UH-UL)/UW ratio, and then the sliding end on the carbon film slip ring can be obtained according to the resistance R/RW ratio specific location.

The beneficial effect of the present invention is that the low-side measurement device for well inclination measurement provided by the present invention uses the principle that the steel ball in a free state is always stationary on the lowest point of the smooth bottom surface under gravity to perform low-side measurement. The device is simple, reliable and has high sensitivity , wide operating temperature range, strong stability and high durability. It can be installed flexibly, and is suitable for various occasions that need to measure parameters such as low-side tilt and azimuth and output low-side signals, and has broad promotion and application value.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the full sectional view of a kind of low-side measuring device that is used for well inclination measurement of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a top view of a low-side measuring device for well inclination measurement of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the low-side position measurement of the working face in a low-side measurement device used for well inclination measurement according to the present invention.

In the figure, 1. Steel cylinder, 2. Steel cover plate, 3. Insulation structure, 4. Groove A, 5. Carbon film slip ring, 6. Groove B, 7. Ring copper strip, 8. Terminal A, 9. Terminal B, 10. Terminal C, 11. Polyimide paint, 12. Steel ball.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

The present invention is a low side measurement device for well inclination measurement, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, comprising a cylindrical steel cylinder 1, the upper end surface of the steel cylinder 1 is provided with a steel cover plate 2, and the interior of the steel cylinder 1 is coaxial A cylindrical insulating structure 3 is provided, and the bottom surface of the insulating structure 3 is a spherical convex surface. The inner wall of the insulating structure 3 is provided with a circle of grooves A4, and a circle of carbon film slip rings 5 is arranged in the groove A4. The insulating structure 3 There is a groove B6 in the center of the bottom, and a ring-shaped copper strip 7 is arranged in the groove B6, steel balls 12 are arranged in the insulating structure 3, and a terminal A8, a terminal B9 and a terminal C10 are respectively provided on the steel cylinder 1, Terminal A8 and terminal B9 are connected to the carbon film slip ring 5 , and terminal C10 is connected to the annular copper strip 7 .

The steel cover plate 2 and the steel cylinder 1 are connected by threads.

The insulating structure 3 is made of polyamide 66.

The carbon film slip ring 5 is provided with an opening, and the two ends of the opening are connected to the terminal A8 and the terminal B9 respectively, and the terminal C10 is connected to any point of the annular copper strip 7 . The connecting posts of terminal A8, terminal B9 and terminal C10 are all made of copper. One end of the terminal A8 and one end of the terminal B9 are respectively connected to the two ends of the opening of the carbon film slip ring 5, a through hole A is opened on the side wall of the steel cylinder 1, and the other end of the terminal A8 is connected to the end of the terminal B9. The other end passes through the insulating structure 3 and extends out of the steel cylinder 1 through A to expose the electrode. The bottom of the steel cylinder 1 is provided with a through hole B, one end of the terminal C10 is connected to a point of the annular copper strip 7, and the other end of the terminal C10 passes through the bottom of the insulating structure 3 and the through hole B to protrude from the steel cylinder 1 to expose Connect the electrodes. The through holes A and B are filled and sealed with polyimide paint 11 .

The inner surface of the carbon film slip ring 5 is sunken inwards, so that the inner surface of the carbon film slip ring 5 and the outer wall of the steel ball 2 fit together just right.

The surface of steel ball 12 is smooth and gold-plated. And the steel ball 12 is an ultra-precision steel ball.

The present invention is characterized in that a kind of low-side measurement device used for well deviation measurement is as follows:

1. The present invention is a simple electromechanical combination design, free from temperature, magnetic field, pressure interference, strong applicability, the whole device is sealed, simple and convenient, and has a long service life.

2. The present invention is compact in size, simple in mechanism, easy to process, easy to install, and low in cost.

3. The invention outputs analog electrical signals, which is convenient for signal transmission, easy to process signals, and has good anti-interference performance.

4. The principle used in the present invention is simple, the measurement method is reliable, and the measurement accuracy is high.

5. The present invention can be used as low-side basic parameter measurement in in-situ monitoring, inclinometer, positioning and other measurement work in various industries and fields, and has broad application prospects.

The present invention also provides the measurement method of the above-mentioned low-side measurement device, which specifically includes the following steps:

Step 1, respectively connect terminal A8 and terminal B9 to direct current through wires, and terminal A8 is connected to the positive pole, terminal B9 is connected to the negative pole, and terminal C10 is used as the measuring electrode;

Step 2, place the steel cylinder 1 obliquely, the steel ball 12 is still at the lowest point in the steel cylinder 1, and the outer surface of the steel ball 12 is in contact with the carbon film slip ring 5 and the annular copper belt 7 at the same time, that is, the steel ball 12 connects the terminal A8, terminal B9 and terminal C10 conduct, and output electrical signals through terminal C10;

Step 3, according to the electrical signal output in step 2, determine the position of the low side.

The specific process of step 3 is as follows:

The carbon film slip ring 5, terminal A8, and terminal B9 are equivalent to variable resistance devices. The equivalent circuit is shown in Figure 3. The carbon film slip ring 5 is a resistor, and the steel balls 12 are located at different contact points on the carbon film slip ring 5. position, equivalent to a sliding contact;

When the carbon film slip ring 5 is used as a voltage divider, the high, low, and sliding end output voltages of the carbon film slip ring 5 are represented by UH, UL, and UW respectively;

When the carbon film slip ring 5 is used as an adjustable resistor, the total resistance from the high end to the low end of the carbon film slip ring 5 and the resistance from the sliding end to the low end are represented by R and RW respectively

According to Ohm's law, the following formula (1) can be obtained:

(UH-UL)/R=UW/RW (1);

It can be seen from the above formula (1) that the RW resistance is proportional to the physical position of the sliding point on the carbon film slip ring, and the ratio of the resistance value is consistent with the position ratio of the sliding end on the carbon film slip ring. Under the condition of temperature change, R The /RW ratio remains unchanged; from the formula (1), the resistance R/RW ratio can be obtained according to the output voltage (UH-UL)/UW ratio, and then the sliding end on the carbon film slip ring can be obtained according to the resistance R/RW ratio specific location.

Example

When actually using the low-side sensor, define the outer wall terminal A8 of the low-side sensor steel cylinder 1 as the 0 point, and then counterclockwise along the 0 point as the starting point to the terminal B9 column foot point Steel cylinder 1 outer wall etching circle 360 degrees , with tick marks spaced 1 degree apart. The specific process is as follows:

(1) Terminal A8 is connected to 0V, and terminal B9 is connected to +5V;

5V=5000Mv,

5000Mv÷360°＝13.89Mv/°

If it is measured that the output voltage at a certain position of the steel ball 12 is 200Mv, then its low side position is

200÷13.89=14.4 degrees, it can be determined that the specific point of the lower side of the sliding annulus in this state is at 14.4 degrees on the scale line.

(2) If the measured resistance of the entire carbon film slip ring 5 is 1KΩ, the terminal A8 is connected to 0V, and the terminal B9 is connected to +5V, that is, R=1KΩ=1000Ω,

(UH-UL)=(5-0)=5V=5000Mv,

If the low-end output voltage when the measured steel ball 12 is in a certain position is 350Mv,

That is UW=350Mv,

According to the formula (UH-UL)/R=UW/RW, 5000Mv/1000Ω=350Mv/RW can be obtained

RW=70Ω,

RW/R＝70Ω/1000Ω＝0.07

Because the RW resistance value is directly proportional to the physical position of the sliding point on the resistance band, the total resistance value of the carbon film slip ring 5 is 1000Ω, and now the steel ball is located at 0.07 from the starting point A8 of the terminal post.

360 degrees × 0.07 = 25.2 degrees, it can be determined that the specific point of the lower side of the slip ring surface of the carbon film slip ring 5 in this state is at 25.2 degrees on the scale line.

Combined with the actual use situation, the low-side scale can be positioned, drawn out, and extended according to the needs, and the low-side sensor can be applied to various occasions.

Claims (5)

1. A low-side measuring device for well inclination measurement, characterized in that: comprise a cylindrical steel tube (1), the upper end of the steel tube (1) is provided with a steel cover plate (2), the steel tube (1 ) is coaxially provided with a cylindrical insulating structure (3), and the bottom surface of the insulating structure (3) is a spherical convex surface, and the inner wall of the insulating structure (3) is provided with a circle of grooves A (4). A (4) is provided with a circle of carbon film slip ring (5), and the center of the bottom of the insulating structure (3) is provided with a circle of groove B (6), and in the groove B (6) is provided with a circle of annular copper belt (7 ), the insulating structure (3) is provided with a steel ball (12), and the steel cylinder (1) is respectively provided with a terminal A (8), a terminal B (9) and a terminal C (10), and a terminal A (8) and terminal B (9) are connected with carbon film slip ring (5), and terminal C (10) is connected with annular copper strip (7); The carbon film slip ring (5) is provided with an opening, and the two ends of the opening are respectively connected to the terminal A (8) and the terminal B (9), and the terminal C (10) is connected to the ring copper strip ( 7) at any point; The inner surface of the carbon film slip ring (5) is sunken inward. 2. A low-side measurement device for well inclination measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that: the steel cover plate (2) and the steel cylinder (1) are connected by threads. 3. A low-side measurement device for well inclination measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that: the insulating structure (3) is made of polyamide 66. 4. A low-side measurement device for well inclination measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that: the surface of the steel ball (12) is smooth and gold-plated. 5. The method of measuring a low-side measurement device for well inclination measurement according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it specifically comprises the following steps: Step 1, respectively connect terminal A (8) and terminal B (9) to direct current through wires, and terminal A (8) is connected to the positive pole, terminal B (9) is connected to the negative pole, and terminal C (10) as a measuring electrode; Step 2, place the steel cylinder (1) obliquely, the steel ball (12) is still at the lowest point inside the steel cylinder (1), and pass through the outer surface of the steel ball (12) to simultaneously contact with the carbon film slip ring (5) and the endless copper belt (7) Contact, that is, through the steel ball (12), the terminal A (8), the terminal B (9) and the terminal C (10) are conducted, and the electrical signal is output through the terminal C (10); Step 3, determining the position of the low side according to the electrical signal output in step 2; The concrete process of described step 3 is as follows: The carbon film slip ring (5) and terminal A (8) and terminal B (9) are equivalent to variable resistance devices, the carbon film slip ring (5) is a resistor, and the steel ball (12) is in the carbon film slip ring (5) Different contact point positions on the top, which are equivalent to sliding contacts; When the carbon film slip ring (5) is used as a voltage divider, the high, low, and sliding end output voltages of the carbon film slip ring (5) are represented by UH, UL, and UW respectively; When the carbon film slip ring (5) is used as an adjustable resistor, the total resistance from the high end to the low end of the carbon film slip ring (5) and the resistance from the sliding end to the low end are represented by R and RW respectively According to Ohm's law, the following formula (1) can be obtained: (UH-UL)/R=UW/RW (1); It can be seen from the above formula (1) that the RW resistance is proportional to the physical position of the sliding point on the carbon film slip ring, and the ratio of the resistance value is consistent with the position ratio of the sliding end on the carbon film slip ring. Under the condition of temperature change, R The /RW ratio remains unchanged; from the formula (1), the resistance R/RW ratio can be obtained according to the output voltage (UH-UL)/UW ratio, and then the sliding end on the carbon film slip ring can be obtained according to the resistance R/RW ratio specific location.

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