CN101483273B - Calibration method for amplitude and phase variable array antenna - Google Patents
Calibration method for amplitude and phase variable array antenna Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a calibration method of an array antenna with alterable amplitude and phase. A power response of the array antenna at an auxiliary antenna is obtained by altering the states of an alterable digital phase shifter and an alterable digital attenuator in each channel of the array, an equation is formed by the power response corresponding to a response of a specific channel at multiple different states, a relative amplitude and a relative phase to a reference signal of the channel is obtained by solving the equation, and an phase-amplitude consistency error of each channel of the array is obtained, then the calibration is realized. Aiming at each channel, the calibration method of the invention can obtain the relative amplitude and phase of the channel only through three amplitude states and one phase state, the needed state parameter is small, the algorithm is simple and the operation process is easy.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the space flight measurement and control field, relate to the calibration steps of a kind of amplitude and phase variable array antenna.
Background technology
Array antenna is made up of a lot of antenna elements, the feedback of each antenna element with the signal of certain amplitude and phase place to form specific wave beam and to realize beam scanning, the signal of the signal stack formation array antenna of each antenna element.Array antenna for amplitude and phase variable; The signal amplitude of its each antenna element and phase place are all adjustable; Generally speaking; Through control behind each unit connect attenuator needed wave beam is regulated and formed to the amplitude of antenna element signal, through changing the phase place that connects phase shifter behind each unit the phase place of antenna element signal is controlled to realize beam scanning.
For the sensing of accurate control wave beam, need to confirm the actual phase response of each antenna element of array antenna.Yet phase response receives the influence of various inevitable errors and manufacturing tolerance and is the function of time and temperature, so need calibrate and phase place is compensated the error of phase response.Equally, the amplitude response of each antenna element is also relevant with the sum of errors manufacturing tolerance, need calibrate and amplitude is recompensed the amplitude response error.
At present, the calibration steps of array antenna has a lot, and the different paths that its signal injects during according to calibration can be divided into internal calibration and external calibration two big classes.External calibration is to set up auxiliary antenna in distance antenna to be measured a distance to carry out signal injection or sampling; Auxiliary antenna can be erected near field, midfield and the far field of array antenna; The process width of cloth is monitored mutually and is compared again; Draw antenna element passage (calibration is to whole passage, has comprised antenna element and has belonged to phase shifter, attenuator in passage with this electric wire unit) amplitude phase error.Compare with the internal calibration method, the external calibration method need not be provided with a large amount of directional couplers and matrix switch element (some external calibration method requires each monitored road should have HF switch to be used to connect tested passage) in antenna array, therefore easy and simple to handle.The external calibration method that occurs at present has near field measurement, middle field measurement, far-field measurement, commutation measurement and REV method etc.
Near field measurement is meant in the array antenna near field range, in a certain lip-deep distribution, utilizes the anti-distribution that pushes away the antenna aperture field of BTM (Backward Transformation Method) according to the field.Like the matrix method (MM) of phased array antenna near field measurement, this method can restore the excitation width of cloth phase of each unit of phased array antenna, and can be used in the array antenna of random geometry.The subject matter that the near field matrix method will solve is the matrix ill-conditioning problem, and this blocks problem and non-homogeneous scanning problem with regard to requiring to solve the limited scanning face, also need solve the rapid solving problem of matrix.This method is in the experimental study stage at present, and much remains to be done apart from practical applications.
The midfield mensuration is to utilize the mutual coupling principle that phased array antenna is proofreaied and correct, and phase array has one dimension to sweep the branch of sweeping with two-dimensional phase mutually, and corresponding with it, the midfield alignment technique also can be divided into midfield two-point method and midfield line-of-sight course.This method requires phased array antenna to have single channel and receives/send out function, and when promptly an active cell (or passage) was in emission or accepting state, other active cell (or passage) was in closed condition, and isolated each other between each unit (or passage).The bearing calibration of phased array antenna midfield utilizes a reference antenna to be placed on several ad-hoc locations of a distance, tested array the place ahead array and tests, and obtains correction parameter through data correlation process.The shortcoming of this method is, requires antenna to have HF switch and is used for the tested passage of gating, and through existing measuring system checking, the precision of this method still remains to be improved.
Require during far-field measurement on the distance of far field, phased array antenna to be measured; Dan Davis has proposed the model of a far-field measurement phased array antenna, and it needs Distance Test field, auxiliary antenna and a turret systems, and tested antenna is contained on the rotary positioning apparatus of a precision; And reception far-field radiation signal; For different predetermined angle positions, measure the amplitude-phase value of antenna accurately at the antenna port place, then carry out phase place and range value that matrix inversion operation obtains the aperture.The key of this method is that accurate rotary positioning apparatus will be arranged.
The commutation mensuration is proposed by Russian scientist; Its basic thought be exactly under all fixing condition of probe and tested antenna to phased array antenna different join phase; It is the matrix equation (claiming to measure equation again) of unknown number that the signal that utilizes probe to receive is set up with the element excitation, obtains the excitation of each unit through finding the solution matrix equation then.The outstanding advantage of this method is just can obtain all through one-shot measurement to join the radiation characteristic under the phase state, and the measurement that need not add just can obtain characteristics such as the directional diagram, gain of antenna, and measuring period is short, is a kind of method of measurement very efficiently.But this method needs extremely complicated control, and it is very expensive to set up the required software and hardware of measurement.The disadvantage of this method is that the probe sampling amount of information is not enough; For trying to achieve the unique solution of matrix equation; Must utilize the prior information of phase shifter--the assembly average of transmission coefficient mould and phase shift variations during the phase shifter commutation; Engineering versatility that this has influenced this method greatly, restricted should technology development.
REV (Rotating-element Electric Field Vector) method is that Mitsubishi electric corporation (Mitsubishi Electric Corporation) a kind of phased array antenna that last century, the eighties proposed in the development process of airborne active phase array antenna detects bearing calibration.This method is a kind of method based on power measurement; Through continuously changing the phase place of tested passage phase shifter; All the other all passage phase shifter phase states are constant, measure the variation of received power, then according to the power maximin and obtain the phase-shift phase of the peaked phase shifter of power; The electric field that calculates each unit generation can be confirmed the amplitude-phase consistency of each passage thus with respect to initial synthetic relative amplitude and relative phase.For digital phase shifter, phase-shift value and resulting power are discrete magnitude, and the algorithm that the phase-shift value of phase shifter can adopt when obtaining the power maximum and obtaining maximum has linear interpolation, least square approximation and Fourier transform.Though REV method data processing is simple, there is the fuzzy problem of separating, promptly exist and separate more, the judgement that the size with the field that utilize out of Memory to produce like all unit of field and all the other that are calibrated the unit generation is separated.
In addition, Ron Sorace has proposed a kind of method of under four quadrature phase states, carrying out element amplitude and phasing according to the power samples result, and this method can realize the phasing of satellite antenna under the rail operating state.Concrete calibration steps is: for the width of cloth phase of n passage of calibration arrays; The phase place of all passages is arranged to array beam points to a certain particular orientation (like the base station); Phase state note work 0 state this moment; Under n all phase states of passage, measure received or institute's emitted power, the difference of the setting that produces maximum power and the 0 state setting of being supposed as calibrated offset.Each passage in the array repeats this process, and according to the last time phasing that detects each passage of error adjustment.The phase alignment of repeat array reaches convergence with proofreading and correct up to phase error when being lower than receivable degree, so just formed the new corrected value of each passage.The method of Ron Sorace needn't be measured under all phase states, only under four quadrature phase states (0 °, 180 °, 90 ° and 270 °), measures, and just can obtain the likelihood valuation of maximum calibration offset according to measured value.But the data handling procedure of this method is complicated, and spended time is longer.
Summary of the invention
Technology of the present invention is dealt with problems and is: overcome the deficiency of prior art, provide that a kind of calibration algorithm is easy, the calibration steps of the array antenna of the simple amplitude of operating process and phase variable.
Technical solution of the present invention is: the calibration steps of the array antenna of a kind of amplitude and phase variable, and step is following:
(1) at place, array antenna far field the auxiliary reception antenna is set;
(2) array antenna feed, this moment, each antenna element of array antenna produced the initial field vector at auxiliary reception antenna place
Thereby obtain the initial synthetic field vector that array antenna produces at auxiliary reception antenna place
N=1 wherein, 2,3...... is the numbering of each antenna element in the array antenna, E
nWith
Be the amplitude and the phase place of each antenna element initial field vector of generation, E at auxiliary reception antenna place
0With
Amplitude and phase place for array antenna initial synthetic field vector of generation at auxiliary reception antenna place;
(3) n antenna element and coupled attenuator and the phase shifter conduct chosen in the array antenna are calibrated passage, and the said attenuation coefficient that is calibrated the channel attenuation device is become a by initial value
1, again by a
1Become a
2, obtaining attenuation coefficient respectively is a
1And a
2The time array antenna synthetic field vector that produces at auxiliary reception antenna place
With
(4) the attenuation coefficient value is a in initial condition and the step (3) of step (2) when array antenna is in
1, the attenuation coefficient value is a
2During three kinds of different conditions, the signal that the auxiliary antenna receiving array antenna produces, and obtain three kinds of signal powers under the state through power detection and be respectively P
N0, P
N1And P
N2:
And obtain to be calibrated the relative amplitude of passage thus
And relative phase
Wherein
(5) attenuation coefficient that keeps being calibrated passage is a
2Constant, will be calibrated the phase change of passage phase shifter simultaneously
And obtain the signal power P ' that auxiliary antenna receives under this state
N2, obtain thus
(6), obtain being calibrated the relative phase
of passage according to the result of calculation of step (4) and step (5)
(7) choose again and be calibrated passage, repeating step (3)～(6) obtain the relative amplitude and the relative phase of each passage in the array antenna;
(8) if the relative amplitude and the relative phase of each passage that step (7) obtains are inconsistent, then adjust the attenuation coefficient of attenuator in each antenna channels and the phase coefficient of phaser, make the relative amplitude of each passage consistent with relative phase.
The present invention's advantage compared with prior art is: at first; The inventive method has made full use of this characteristic of array antenna variable-magnitude of amplitude and phase variable; And combine these characteristics of phase variable, under amplitude and phase place multimode according to the calibration of the power response realization array antenna of array signal.With regard to present calibration steps, be to utilize this characteristic of phase place multimode to realize calibration mostly, also do not unite and utilize amplitude and phase place multimode to realize Calibration Method.Secondly; This method only needs under three amplitude state of attenuator and phase state of phase shifter, to measure the power that is calibrated the array antenna emission or receives signal, calculates the relative amplitude and the relative phase of each passage relative reference signal according to measured performance number, and obtains each passage inconsistency error; The width of cloth that can accomplish each passage of array antenna is thus calibrated mutually; Operating process is simple, compares with other calibration steps, finds the solution easy; Do not need the great amount of calculation process, do not have the fuzzy problem of separating yet.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure chart of array antenna;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of array antenna calibration steps of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the FB(flow block) of array antenna calibration steps of the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, be the structure chart of the array antenna of amplitude and phase variable.3 is antenna element among the figure, and 1 is attenuator, and 2 is phase shifter, through changing the state of attenuator and phase shifter, can change the amplitude and the phase place of the signal of each antenna element of feeding, and this work is accomplished by controller 5.
4 is power source, and when array antenna was in emission mode, power source gave each antenna element feed with the emission array signal through corresponding attenuator and phase shifter.Power source comprises that a power splitter is with one road signal demultiplexing each antenna element of feeding.Phase place and amplitude that each antenna element signal is set through controller can form the wave beam of desired given shape and realize beam scanning.Can be provided with auxiliary antenna 7 this moment in the far-field range of array antenna, when array antenna is in emission mode, auxiliary antenna as reception antenna to receive calibrating signal.Signal through auxiliary antenna is received detects, and can obtain the amplitude and the phase characteristic of each antenna element.
6 are power termination among Fig. 1; When array antenna is in receiving mode; Auxiliary antenna as outside source to the array antenna transmitted reference signal; Reference signal is delivered to power termination through the phase shifter and the attenuator of each antenna element of array antenna, and power termination comprises a power combiner as receiving system, is used for the multiple signals that receive are synthesized one road signal.In like manner; Amplitude and phase place that each antenna element signal is set through controller can form the wave beam of desired given shape and realize beam scanning; The reference signal that receives according to load detects, and also can obtain the amplitude and the phase characteristic of each antenna element.
As shown in Figure 3, be the FB(flow block) of the inventive method, the inventive method is utilized the change information of attenuator and phaser array signal under different conditions, the multi-mode joint calibration of realization amplitude and phase place.Calibration steps is following:
At first need the auxiliary reception antenna be set at place, array antenna far field.During calibration, array antenna to be measured transmits, and remembers that the field vector that n antenna element produces at auxiliary reception antenna place does
When the position between array antenna to be measured and the auxiliary reception antenna and other boundary condition were constant, this field vector was constant, the stack of the field vector that the field vector that array antenna then to be measured produces at auxiliary reception antenna place produces for each antenna element and, be designated as
As shown in Figure 2, n=1 wherein, 2,3...... is the numbering of each antenna element in the array antenna, E
nWith
Be the amplitude and the phase place of each antenna element initial field vector of generation, E at auxiliary reception antenna place
0With
Amplitude and phase place for array antenna initial synthetic field vector of generation at auxiliary reception antenna place.
N passage choosing array antenna to be measured supposes that as being calibrated passage the attenuation coefficient of attenuator was l (l=a when attenuator state changed
0, a
1, a
2..., a
m), an operating state of the corresponding attenuator of each attenuation coefficient value, the initial condition of attenuator is designated as a
0, when the attenuation coefficient that is calibrated attenuator that passage connects (being the state of attenuator) becomes a respectively
1And a
2The time array antenna vector field that produces be respectively (principle is as shown in Figure 2):
Then attenuator is at a
0, a
1, a
2The signal power that auxiliary antenna receives during three different conditions can be expressed as:
If the relative amplitude of passage initial condition to be tested
Relative phase
The state of attenuator is a so
1And a
2The time, the normalized value of the relative initial power of power that the auxiliary reception antenna receives is respectively R
1And R
2, expression formula is following:
According to attenuator at a
0, a
1, a
2Signal response result under three different conditions can be in the hope of A
nWith
Expression formula is following:
Obviously in order to obtain
Exact value, need additional information, can consider that at this state that changes phase shifter obtains enough information, suppose that in attenuator state be a
2The time, be calibrated the phase shifter phase shift of passage
This moment, the received signal power of auxiliary reception antenna was designated as P '
N2, then by aforementioned various getting:
Three state (a according to attenuator
0, a
1, a
2) and the state (90 °) of phase shifter, can obtain the relative phase of tested passage
Expression formula is following:
Can find out by aforementioned, only need add a phase state following inconsistency error that just can obtain array antenna passage initial amplitude to be tested and phase place of totally 4 states (comprising initial condition) 3 amplitude state.
Again choose and be calibrated passage; Repeat said process; Can obtain the relative amplitude and the relative phase of each antenna element in the array antenna; If the relative amplitude and the relative phase of each antenna element that obtains are inconsistent, then adjust the attenuation coefficient and the phase coefficient of each antenna element place passage, the state of promptly adjusting corresponding attenuator and phaser makes it consistent.
The content of not doing to describe in detail in the specification of the present invention belongs to this area professional and technical personnel's known technology.
Claims (1)
1. the calibration steps of the array antenna of amplitude and phase variable is characterized in that step is following:
(1) at place, array antenna far field the auxiliary reception antenna is set;
(2) array antenna feed, this moment, each antenna element of array antenna produced the initial field vector at auxiliary reception antenna place
Thereby obtain the initial synthetic field vector that array antenna produces at auxiliary reception antenna place
N=1 wherein, 2,3...... is the numbering of each antenna element in the array antenna, E
nWith
Be the amplitude and the phase place of each antenna element initial field vector of generation, E at auxiliary reception antenna place
0With
Amplitude and phase place for array antenna initial synthetic field vector of generation at auxiliary reception antenna place;
(3) n antenna element and coupled attenuator and the phase shifter conduct chosen in the array antenna are calibrated passage, and the said attenuation coefficient that is calibrated the channel attenuation device is become a by initial value
1, again by a
1Become a
2, obtaining attenuation coefficient respectively is a
1And a
2The time array antenna synthetic field vector that produces at auxiliary reception antenna place
With
(4) the attenuation coefficient value is a in initial condition and the step (3) of step (2) when array antenna is in
1, the attenuation coefficient value is a
2During three kinds of different conditions, the signal that the auxiliary antenna receiving array antenna produces, and obtain three kinds of signal powers under the state through power detection and be respectively P
N0, P
N1And P
N2:
And whereby the relative amplitudes of the channel to be calibrated
and the relative phase?
Wherein
(5) attenuation coefficient that keeps being calibrated passage is a
2Constant, will be calibrated the phase change of passage phase shifter simultaneously
And obtain the signal power P ' that auxiliary antenna receives under this state
N2, obtain thus
(6), obtain being calibrated the relative phase
of passage according to the result of calculation of step (4) and step (5)
(7) choose again and be calibrated passage, repeating step (3)～(6) obtain the relative amplitude and the relative phase of each passage in the array antenna;
(8) if the relative amplitude and the relative phase of each passage that step (7) obtains are inconsistent, then adjust the attenuation coefficient of attenuator in each antenna channels and the phase coefficient of phaser, make the relative amplitude of each passage consistent with relative phase.
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