CN103292889B - Distributed optical fiber vibrating sensor vibration source locating method - Google Patents
Distributed optical fiber vibrating sensor vibration source locating method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a distributed optical fiber vibrating sensor vibration source locating method. In the distributed optical fiber vibrating sensor vibration source locating method, an optical pulse transmitter, an optical signal receiver and a signal processor are adopted, the optical signal receiver and the signal processor calculate a group of vibration signals distributed along an optical cable, and cross-correlation functions of the maximum vibration point and other positions are obtained by other relevant calculations. According to the cross-correlation functions, a vibration source can be located. Spatial position where vibration occurs can be located according to the spatial distribution features of the cross-correlation values of vibration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a vibration source positioning method of a distributed optical fiber vibration sensor.
Background
In the mid-70's of the 20 th century, fiber optic sensors began to develop rapidly with the development of fiber optic and fiber optic communication technologies. The optical fiber sensor uses light waves as a carrier and optical fibers as a medium, and senses and transmits a novel sensing technology of an external measured signal, and modulates transmission light in the optical fibers through a measured physical quantity (such as stress, temperature, pressure, an electric field, a magnetic field and the like) to change the characteristics of the transmission light, such as intensity, phase, frequency, polarization state and the like, and detects the modulated light signal at a receiving end to obtain the novel sensor of the measured physical quantity. Compared with the traditional sensor, the optical fiber sensor has the unique advantages of non-contact measurement, high sensitivity, high response speed, electromagnetic interference resistance, ultrahigh voltage insulation, high temperature corrosion resistance, flame and explosion resistance, flexible deflection, wide measurement objects and the like. Therefore, the system has urgent application requirements in the aspects of large-scale projects, such as railway operation, water conservancy and hydropower projects, bridge tunnels, large exhibition halls and meeting places, oil and gas pipelines, large ships, environment and highway projects and the like, and the system can be used for perimeter security protection of large-scale project sites and major political, economic and military bases in the aspect of real-time monitoring. Therefore, the research on the distributed optical fiber sensing positioning system is a topic with very promising application prospect and practical significance.
In recent years, research on interference-type distributed optical fiber sensing systems has attracted much attention in pipeline detection, security detection, and the like. Because the interference signal carries signal information and action position information of the signal based on the phase modulation principle, in order to separate the position information of the signal from the interference signal, various interference type distributed optical fiber sensing systems which adopt a composite interference structure to realize positioning are provided. The method for realizing positioning by adopting the composite interference structure utilizes the time domain phase ratio method for positioning, and realizes positioning by dividing two paths of interference demodulation phases on the time domain. However, this method has high requirements for demodulating signals, and interference superimposed on the sensing fiber line will have a great influence on the signals, so that the positioning accuracy is low.
In summary, the existing distributed optical fiber sensing system essentially belongs to a phase modulation type optical fiber sensor, and external disturbance signals acting on an optical fiber cause phase change of transmission light in the optical fiber according to a photoelastic effect, and two paths of interference light interference signals containing external disturbance information are obtained through an interference method (wide-spectrum light source interference). And carrying out photoelectric conversion, amplification, A/D conversion and other processing on the interference signal to obtain a digital signal containing external disturbance information. To avoid interference of remote vibration waves with the monitored area, the location of the vibration source needs to be known. When the distance between the vibration source and the optical cable is larger than a certain distance, the vibration source is not used as an information source for analysis and alarm. In order to obtain the spatial information, a signal processing method is required, and a phase change signal is demodulated from the obtained digital signal by using a phase reduction technology. In practice, however, it is difficult to completely restore the original vibration phase due to noise interference. Therefore, the cross-correlation technique is a common technique for studying signal correlation, and analyzes the correlation of two signals by means of a cross-correlation function, so as to obtain a curve of the cross-correlation function, thereby knowing the changes of different distance curves and finding the change of a vibration source.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and the original vibration signal is difficult to restore due to the interference of noise and other environmental factors, so that a lot of troubles are brought to signal processing. The cross-correlation technique is a common technique for studying signal correlation, and analyzes the correlation of two signals by means of a cross-correlation function, so as to obtain a cross-correlation curve between the two signals. Under the condition that the signal spectrum characteristic is not ideal or the signal-to-noise ratio S/N is low, the peak value of the vibration source is influenced by noise, and the precision and the accuracy of detection and positioning are influenced. In order to reduce the influence of noise on vibration signals, a vibration source positioning method of a distributed optical fiber vibration sensor is provided, wherein the position of a vibration source is judged by utilizing a curve of a cross-correlation function of a plurality of signals.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a vibration source positioning method of a distributed optical fiber vibration sensor comprises the following steps:
(1) the optical pulse emitter emits optical pulses;
(2) the optical receiver receives the optical pulse and converts the light intensity information into a voltage signal;
(3) the signal processor converts the voltage signal into a vibration signal; at this time, each point on the optical cable has a vibration signal which changes along with time(t) wherein (a) is,(t) represents the distance from the center of vibration on the optical cableA vibration signal at a distance z;
(4) in the signal processor of step (3), inFinding out the vibration center in (t), and recording the vibration signal of the vibration center as(t) wherein (a) is,(t) represents the vibration signal on the fiber optic cable closest to the seismic source;
(5) in the signal processor of step (4), for each distance z point(t) performing cross-correlation calculation to obtain a cross-correlation function: r (z) = xcorr (c) ((r)), (x) ((r) ()),) (ii) a And (5) performing calculation processing on the cross-correlation function value R (z) so as to judge the position of the vibration source.
Further, the processing method of the cross-correlation function value r (z) at least includes:
a) and fitting processing of the function value R (z): in a test field, fixing a vibration source at a position away from an optical cable by a certain distance, recording curve data of a function value R (z) every time the distance is changed, fitting the function value R (z) in any function form, forming a corresponding relation between a fitting coefficient and the vibration distance, and obtaining a corresponding distance result according to the fitting coefficient; or
b) And pattern recognition processing for the function value r (z): in a test field, a vibration source is fixed at a position with a certain distance from an optical cable, curve data of a plurality of function values R (z) are recorded as samples every time the distance is changed, each meter is set as a class, the samples exceeding the preset distance are independently set as a new class, and a plurality of samples are subjected to mode training; when the distance calculation is carried out on new data, the calculated function value R (z) is sent to a trained pattern recognition algorithm module for classification, and the classification result is the distance result.
Further, the mathematical model of the two received signals for obtaining the cross-correlation function is:
wherein,、additive noise with a mean value of 0; signal、And noise，Is not relevant.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the prior method for positioning the optical fiber vibration sensor is based on phase restoration, and the phase is difficult to restore to the phase in vibration due to the interference of noise and external environment, which brings a lot of technical difficulties to positioning. Therefore, the cross-correlation characteristic is analyzed by utilizing the cross-correlation characteristic to obtain the cross-correlation characteristic, so that the distance information between the vibration source and the optical cable is obtained. For the prior art, vibroseis localization relies on wavefront recovery, which requires accurate vibroseis phase information. The method is characterized in that the position of the seismic source can be calculated under the condition that the vibration wave line and the phase cannot be accurately recovered and even the phase is completely wrong.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the vibration source positioning of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 shows a method for positioning a vibration source of a distributed optical fiber vibration sensor according to the present invention, which includes the following steps:
(1) the optical pulse emitter emits optical pulses;
(2) the optical receiver receives the optical pulse and converts the light intensity information into a voltage signal;
(3) the signal processor converts the voltage signal into a vibration signal; at this time, each point on the optical cable has a vibration signal which changes along with time(t) wherein (a) is,(t) represents the distance from the center of vibration on the optical cableA vibration signal at a distance z;
(4) in the signal processor of step (3), inFinding out the vibration center in (t), and recording the vibration signal of the vibration center as(t) wherein (a) is,(t) represents the vibration signal on the fiber optic cable closest to the seismic source;
(5) in the signal processor of step (4), for each distance z point(t) performing cross-correlation calculation to obtain a cross-correlation function: r (z) = xcorr (c) ((r)), (x) ((r) ()),) (ii) a And (5) performing calculation processing on the cross-correlation function value R (z) so as to judge the position of the vibration source.
Wherein, the processing method of the cross-correlation function value R (z) at least comprises the following steps:
a) and fitting processing of the function value R (z): in a test field, fixing a vibration source at a position away from an optical cable by a certain distance, recording curve data of a function value R (z) every time the distance is changed, fitting the function value R (z) in any function form, forming a corresponding relation between a fitting coefficient and the vibration distance, and obtaining a corresponding distance result according to the fitting coefficient; or
b) And pattern recognition processing for the function value r (z): in a test field, a vibration source is fixed at a position with a certain distance from an optical cable, curve data of a plurality of function values R (z) are recorded as samples every time the distance is changed, each meter is set as a class, the samples exceeding the preset distance are independently set as a new class, and a plurality of samples are subjected to mode training; when the distance calculation is carried out on new data, the calculated function value R (z) is sent to a trained pattern recognition algorithm module for classification, and the classification result is the distance result.
Wherein, the mathematical model of the two received signals for obtaining the cross-correlation function is:
wherein,、additive noise with a mean value of 0; signal、And noise，Is not relevant.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (3)
1. A vibration source positioning method of a distributed optical fiber vibration sensor is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the optical pulse emitter emits optical pulses;
(2) the optical receiver receives the optical pulse and converts the light intensity information into a voltage signal;
(3) the signal processor converts the voltage signal into a vibration signal; at this time, each point on the optical cable has a vibration signal x varying with timez(t); wherein x isz(t) represents the distance x from the vibration center on the optical cable0A vibration signal at a distance z;
(4) in the signal processor of step (3), in xzFinding out a vibration center in (t), and recording a vibration signal of the vibration center as x0(t); wherein x is0(t) represents the vibration signal on the fiber optic cable closest to the seismic source;
(5) in the signal processor of step (4), for x at each distance z pointz(t) performing cross-correlation calculation to obtain a cross-correlation function: r (z) ═ xcorr (x)0(t),xz(t)); and (5) performing calculation processing on the cross-correlation function value R (z) so as to judge the position of the vibration source.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processing of the cross-correlation function value r (z) at least includes:
a) and fitting processing of the function value R (z): in a test field, fixing a vibration source at a position away from an optical cable by a certain distance, recording curve data of a function value R (z) every time the distance is changed, fitting the function value R (z) in any function form, forming a corresponding relation between a fitting coefficient and the vibration distance, and obtaining a corresponding distance result according to the fitting coefficient; or
b) And pattern recognition processing for the function value r (z): in a test field, a vibration source is fixed at a position with a certain distance from an optical cable, curve data of a plurality of function values R (z) are recorded as samples every time the distance is changed, each meter is set as a class, the samples exceeding the preset distance are independently set as a new class, and a plurality of samples are subjected to mode training; when the distance calculation is carried out on new data, the calculated function value R (z) is sent to a trained pattern recognition algorithm module for classification, and the classification result is the distance result.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mathematical model of the two received signals for obtaining the cross-correlation function is:
x0(t)＝s0(t)+n0(t)
xz(t)＝Sg(t)+nx(t)
wherein n is0(t)、nz(t) additive noise with mean 0; signal s0(t)、sz(t) and noise n0(t)，nz(t) not relevant.
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| CN103954349B (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2016-09-14 | 安徽师范大学 | A kind of lateral register method of distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system |
| CN105698915B (en) * | 2016-03-01 | 2019-07-26 | 深圳艾瑞斯通技术有限公司 | A kind of optical fiber Recognition of Vibration Sources method and device, system |
| CN105841793A (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2016-08-10 | 深圳艾瑞斯通技术有限公司 | Optical fiber vibration source identification method, device and system |
| CN105973449B (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2019-03-12 | 深圳艾瑞斯通技术有限公司 | A kind of optical fiber Recognition of Vibration Sources method, apparatus and system |
| CN107329933B (en) * | 2017-07-14 | 2020-06-19 | 北京知觉科技有限公司 | Fault detection method and device based on optical fiber sensing vibration signal |
| CN107356962B (en) * | 2017-07-14 | 2019-03-08 | 北京知觉科技有限公司 | Micro-seismic Signals localization method and device based on fibre optical sensor |
| CN108931816B (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2020-01-21 | 山东省科学院激光研究所 | Seismic source positioning method and device |
| CN109269452B (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2020-10-27 | 武汉康普常青软件技术股份有限公司 | Approximate calculation method for vertical distance between vibration source and sensing channel based on DVS |
| CN111247401B (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2022-04-01 | 合刃科技（深圳）有限公司 | Vibration source positioning device and method based on coherent light |
| CN109872505B (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2021-02-02 | 武汉理工大学 | Highway guardrail alarm system and method based on optical fiber micro-vibration |
| CN110440901B (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2021-08-17 | 郑州信大先进技术研究院 | Distributed optical fiber vibration sensing positioning method and device based on pulse accumulation |
| CN110672196B (en) * | 2019-08-22 | 2021-09-24 | 北京航天易联科技发展有限公司 | A Filtering Method of Mobile Interference Vibration Source Based on Image Operator |
| CN111397850B (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2021-09-03 | 深圳市特发信息股份有限公司 | Vibration waveform and database sample analysis system for optical cable safety |
| CN111765958A (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-10-13 | 山东大学 | Vibration type identification method and system based on distributed optical fiber vibration radial ranging |
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| CN113984182B (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2024-07-09 | 国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司 | Distance positioning method for distributed transverse vibration source of oil and gas pipeline |
| CN114046867B (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2024-07-26 | 国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司 | Vibration source transverse distance estimation method based on distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system |
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