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CN113147355B - Hybrid power system, control method and vehicle - Google Patents

Hybrid power system, control method and vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113147355B
CN113147355B CN202110573688.2A CN202110573688A CN113147355B CN 113147355 B CN113147355 B CN 113147355B CN 202110573688 A CN202110573688 A CN 202110573688A CN 113147355 B CN113147355 B CN 113147355B
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China
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gear
input shaft
clutch
motor
engine
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CN113147355A (en
Inventor
段志辉
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/20—Control strategies involving selection of hybrid configuration, e.g. selection between series or parallel configuration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/30—Control strategies involving selection of transmission gear ratio

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a hybrid power system, which comprises an engine, a hybrid power module and a double-input-shaft speed change mechanism, wherein the hybrid power module consists of a motor, a planetary gear train, a first clutch and a second clutch, the planetary gear train is provided with at least 3 rotating shafts, and the rotating shafts are respectively: the rotating speed of the second rotating shaft is between the rotating speed of the first rotating shaft and the rotating speed of the third rotating shaft; a first clutch is arranged between any two of the 3 rotating shafts; the power output shaft of the engine is connected with a first rotating shaft of the planetary gear train, the rotor of the motor is connected with a second input shaft of the double-input-shaft speed change mechanism and is connected with a third rotating shaft through a second clutch, and the second rotating shaft is connected with a first input shaft of the double-input-shaft speed change mechanism. The invention has large transmission torque and high transmission efficiency, introduces a three-shaft planetary gear train with double degrees of freedom, and can drive a vehicle to start in a differential mode.

Description

Hybrid power system, control method and vehicle
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hybrid vehicles, in particular to a hybrid power system, a control method and a vehicle.
Background
The hybrid electric vehicle has two power sources of an engine and a motor, and the two power sources are matched with each other in the running process of the vehicle, so that the hybrid electric vehicle has the advantages of a traditional fuel oil vehicle and a pure electric vehicle, becomes an optimal vehicle type for solving the environmental problem and the energy problem, and is a power system with the most industrialization and market prospect in the electric vehicle.
The power output from the engine needs to be transmitted to the wheels through the transmission. Mechanical automatic gearboxes (AMTs) are developed on the basis of manual gearboxes (MT), and a plurality of pairs of gears are used for speed ratio change, so that the mechanical automatic gearboxes have high transmission efficiency, large output torque, mature large-scale manufacturing technology and low cost. However, AMT gearboxes suffer from major weaknesses: when shifting gears, the clutch needs to be released firstly, then the gear is disengaged, a new gear is engaged, and then the clutch is locked; during gear shifting, a power transmission channel from an engine to wheels is disconnected, driving force of the wheels is interrupted, running smoothness and riding comfort of the vehicle are affected, and application is limited. In addition, the clutch of the AMT gearbox is subjected to a great thermal load, and problems are easy to occur due to overheating; the clutch control technique is very complex and is prone to vehicle jerk.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a hybrid power system, which uses an AMT-based hybrid power gearbox to keep a motor driven during the process of shifting an engine gear, so as to avoid power interruption during a gear shifting process; an electric torque converter (eTC) consisting of a planetary gear train and a motor is used for replacing a starting clutch of an AMT, the differential characteristic of the planetary gear train is utilized, the engine is rotated forward, the power is output, the motor is rotated backward, the mechanical power is absorbed to generate electricity and is stored in a battery, forward driving torque is output to an input shaft of a gearbox, the rotating speed is increased smoothly from zero, the clutch is not required to be used for transmitting torque in a sliding mode, and the overheat risk of the clutch and the vehicle shake risk are eliminated; meanwhile, the control method of the hybrid power system is disclosed, and a vehicle comprising the hybrid power system is also disclosed.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a hybrid powertrain comprising an engine, a hybrid module and a dual input shaft transmission, the hybrid module comprising a motor, a planetary gear train having at least 3 shafts, a first clutch and a second clutch, respectively: the rotating speed of the second rotating shaft is between the rotating speed of the first rotating shaft and the rotating speed of the third rotating shaft; a first clutch is arranged between any two of the 3 rotating shafts; the power output shaft of the engine is connected with a first rotating shaft of the planetary gear train, the rotor of the motor is connected with a second input shaft of the double-input-shaft speed change mechanism and is connected with a third rotating shaft through a second clutch, and the second rotating shaft is connected with a first input shaft of the double-input-shaft speed change mechanism; the double-input-shaft speed change mechanism consists of a first input shaft, a second input shaft, a plurality of pairs of forward gear gears, at least one set of reverse gear gears and an output shaft, wherein the first input shaft is provided with a plurality of forward gear driving gears, the second input shaft is provided with at least one forward gear driving gear, the output shaft is provided with driven gears of all gears, and the driving gears of all gears are meshed with the corresponding driven gears; one gear in each gear is connected with the shaft where the gear is located through a synchronizer.
Further, the first input shaft is provided with an odd-numbered forward gear driving gear, and the second input shaft is provided with an even-numbered forward gear driving gear.
Further, in the above hybrid module, a one-way clutch is disposed on the first shaft in the planetary gear train.
Further, in the above hybrid module, the planetary gear train has at least 3 rotating shafts, respectively: the rotating shafts of the sun gear S, the planet carrier C and the gear ring R are arranged on the same straight line, the rotating shaft rotating speed of the planet carrier C is between the rotating shaft rotating speed of the sun gear S and the rotating shaft rotating speed of the gear ring R, and a first clutch is arranged between any two of the 3 rotating shafts; the power output shaft of the engine is connected with the rotating shaft of the gear ring R in the planetary gear train, the rotor of the motor is connected with the second input shaft of the double-input-shaft speed change mechanism and is connected with the rotating shaft of the sun gear S in the planetary gear train through a second clutch, and the rotating shaft of the planet carrier C is connected with the first input shaft of the double-input-shaft speed change mechanism.
Further, in the above hybrid module, the planetary gear train has at least 3 rotating shafts, respectively: the rotating shafts of the sun gear S, the planet carrier C and the gear ring R are arranged on the same straight line, the rotating shaft rotating speed of the planet carrier C is between the rotating shaft rotating speed of the sun gear S and the rotating shaft rotating speed of the gear ring R, and a first clutch is arranged between any two of the 3 rotating shafts; the power output shaft of the engine is connected with the rotating shaft of a sun gear S in the planetary gear train, the rotor of the motor is connected with the second input shaft of the double-input-shaft speed change mechanism and is connected with the rotating shaft of a gear ring R in the planetary gear train through a second clutch, and the rotating shaft of a planet carrier C is connected with the first input shaft of the double-input-shaft speed change mechanism.
The invention also provides a control method of the hybrid power system, and the operation mode comprises the following steps: an electric-only mode, a hybrid drive mode, and a charging mode.
Further, the first electric-only mode operating conditions described above are: d gear is hung on the system, the engine does not work, and the rotation speed is zero; the first clutch is separated, and the planetary gear train is in a free state; the gear on the first input shaft is removed, and the first input shaft is separated from the wheels; the second clutch is separated to separate the planetary gear train from the motor; a gear is hung on the second input shaft, and the motor drives wheels through the second input shaft and the gear; the motor can rotate forward to drive the vehicle to advance, and can also rotate backward to drive the vehicle to reverse.
Further, the second electric-only mode operating conditions are as follows: zero engine speed; the first clutch is separated, and the planetary gear train rotates in a differential speed; a forward gear or a reverse gear is hung on the first input shaft; the second clutch is closed, so that the motor is connected with the third rotating shaft, the motor drives the third rotating shaft in the forward direction, the first rotating shaft is limited to rotate in the reverse direction through the one-way clutch arranged on the first rotating shaft, and therefore the second rotating shaft is driven to rotate in the forward direction, and the vehicle is driven to move forwards or backwards through the first input shaft and the gear.
Further, the working conditions of the hybrid driving mode are as follows: when the engine and motor hybrid drive vehicle starts, the hybrid power system is engaged with the D gear, a first input shaft is engaged with a gear, a first clutch is separated, and the engine and the motor are driven in a differential mode; the second clutch is locked, so that the motor is connected with the third rotating shaft; before starting, the rotation speeds of the wheels, the first input shaft and the second rotating shaft are zero, the engine rotates at idle speed, and the motor rotates reversely; starting: the engine increases torque, the motor also increases torque and increases speed, the second rotating shaft and the first input shaft are driven to accelerate, and wheels are driven to rotate through a gear; at the moment, the engine and the motor are driven in a differential mode, the speed ratio of the engine to the wheels can be continuously changed, when the rotating speed of the second rotating shaft reaches a certain rotating speed, the first clutch is closed, the speed ratio of the engine to the wheels is fixed, and the hybrid power system enters a fixed gear.
Furthermore, under the condition of the hybrid driving mode of the engine and the motor, the hybrid power system has three types of fixed gears: respectively representing class I, class II and class III gears;
class i gear: a gear is hung on the first input shaft; the first clutch is closed, and 3 rotating shafts in the planetary gear train are locked and rotate at the same speed; the second clutch locks and connects the motor with a third rotating shaft of the planetary gear train, and the torque of the motor and the motor is superposed through the planetary gear train and is transmitted to wheels through the first input shaft and the gear;
Class ii gear: a gear is hung on the second input shaft; the first clutch is closed, and 3 rotating shafts in the planetary gear train are locked and rotate at the same speed; the second clutch is locked, so that the motor is connected with a third rotating shaft of the planetary gear train; the engine and motor torque are superposed through the planetary gear train and transmitted to wheels through the second input shaft and the gear;
class iii gear: a gear is hung on the first input shaft; the first clutch is closed, 3 rotating shafts in the planetary gear train are locked and rotate at the same speed, and engine torque is transmitted to wheels through the planetary gear train and the first input shaft; the second clutch is disengaged, so that the motor is separated from the planetary gear train; a gear is hung on the second input shaft, and motor torque is transmitted to wheels through the second input shaft.
Furthermore, under the condition of the hybrid driving mode of the engine and the motor, the gear shifting operation steps are as follows:
1. gear shifting by class i:
1. before gear shifting: a gear is hung on the first input shaft; the first clutch is closed, locking the planetary gear train; closing the second clutch to connect the motor with a third rotating shaft of the planetary gear train; the engine and the motor are connected in parallel to drive a first input shaft and a gear wheel for gear engagement;
2. And (3) a gear shifting process:
(1) Transferring the motor torque to the engine, the engine continuing to drive through the planetary gear train and the first input shaft;
(2) The second clutch is separated, and the motor is separated from the third rotating shaft of the planetary gear train;
(3) The motor is synchronized, then a gear is hung on the second input shaft, the motor is driven by the second input shaft, and at the moment, the system is hung with a III-class gear to finish gear shifting; if the III class gear needs to be shifted continuously, continuing the next operation;
(4) Transferring engine torque to the motor, the motor continuing to drive through the second input shaft;
(5) Removing the gear on the first input shaft;
(6) Closing the second clutch to connect the planetary gear train with the second input shaft; the torque of the engine is transmitted to a second input shaft through a planetary gear train and a second clutch to drive wheels to enter a class II gear;
2. gear shift by class ii:
1. before gear shifting: a gear is hung on the second input shaft; the first clutch is closed, locking the planetary gear train; closing the second clutch to connect the motor with a third rotating shaft of the planetary gear train; the engine and the motor are connected in parallel to drive wheels through a second input shaft;
2. and (3) a gear shifting process:
(1) Transferring the torque of the engine to the motor, and continuously driving the motor;
(2) The first clutch and the second clutch are separated, and the planetary gear train is in a free state and is separated from the second input shaft;
(3) A gear is hung on the first input shaft, then the first clutch is closed, the planetary gear train is locked, the engine torque is transmitted to wheels through the first input shaft, the system enters a III class gear, and gear shifting is completed; if the III class gear needs to be shifted continuously, continuing the next operation;
(4) Transferring motor torque to an engine driven by a first input shaft;
(5) Removing the gear on the second input shaft;
(6) Closing the second clutch to enable the motor to be connected with the planetary gear train, and enabling the motor to enter a class I gear through driving of the planetary gear train and the first input shaft;
3. gear shifting from class iii:
1. before gear shifting: a gear is hung on the second input shaft, and the motor drives wheels through the second input shaft; the second clutch is separated, and the motor is separated from the planetary gear train; the first clutch is closed, the planetary gear train is locked, and the engine drives wheels through the first input shaft;
2. and (3) a gear shifting process:
2.1, a class I gear shifting process:
(1) Transferring the motor torque to the engine, and continuing to drive the first input shaft by the engine;
(2) Removing the gear on the second input shaft;
(3) Closing a second clutch, driving a motor through a planetary gear train and a first input shaft, and enabling the system to enter a class I gear;
2.2, a class II gear shifting process:
(1) Transferring the engine torque to the motor, and continuing to drive the second input shaft by the motor;
(2) The first clutch is separated, and the planetary gear train is in a free state;
(3) Removing the gear on the first input shaft;
(4) Closing the first clutch and the second clutch, locking the planetary gear train and connecting the planetary gear train with the second input shaft, and driving the wheels to enter a class II gear by the engine through the second input shaft;
2.3, a class III gear shifting process:
(1) Transferring the torque of the engine to the motor, and continuously driving the motor;
(2) The first clutch is separated, and the planetary gear train is in a free state;
(3) Removing the gear on the first input shaft;
(4) The first input shaft is engaged with a new gear, then the first clutch is closed, the planetary gear train is locked, and the engine drives wheels through the planetary gear train and the first input shaft to enter a new III-class gear
The control method of the hybrid power system comprises the following operation steps of:
1. Before conversion: zero engine speed; the second clutch is separated to separate the planetary gear train from the second input shaft; a gear is hung on the second input shaft, and the motor drives wheels through the second input shaft;
2. the first switching procedure:
(1) Dragging the engine to accelerate by using a starting motor or a BSG (Belt-driven Starter/Generator) motor;
(2) When the idle speed is reached, the engine is ignited and starts to work;
(3.1) closing the first clutch, locking the epicyclic gear train; closing the second clutch to connect the planetary gear train with the second input shaft, and driving the wheels by the engine through the planetary gear train and the second input shaft, wherein the system enters a class II gear; or (3.2) a gear is hung on the first input shaft, then the first clutch is closed, the planetary gear train is locked, the engine drives wheels through the planetary gear train and the first input shaft, and the system enters a III class gear;
3. the second switching procedure:
(1) A gear is hung on the first input shaft;
(2) The first clutch is closed, a preset torque is applied, and the engine can be dragged to rotate; meanwhile, the motor compensates the torque lost by dragging the engine by increasing the torque;
(3) When the idle speed is reached, the engine is started by ignition, and the system enters a III class gear.
The control method of the hybrid power system comprises the following operation steps of:
1. before conversion, the hybrid power system hangs class i, class ii, or class iii gear:
a) Class i gear: a gear is hung on the first input shaft; the first clutch is closed and the planetary gear train is locked; the second clutch is closed, and the motor is connected with the planetary gear train; the engine and the motor drive wheels through the planetary gear train and the first input shaft;
b) Class ii gear: a gear is hung on the second input shaft; the first clutch is closed and the planetary gear train is locked; the second clutch is closed, and the motor is connected with the planetary gear train; the engine and the motor are driven by the planetary gear train and the second input shaft;
c) Class iii gear: the first clutch is closed, the planetary gear train is locked, a gear is hung on the first input shaft, and the engine drives wheels through the planetary gear train and the first input shaft; the second clutch is separated, and the motor is separated from the planetary gear train; a gear is hung on the second input shaft, and the motor drives wheels through the second input shaft;
2. the switching process comprises the following steps:
(1.1) the system is engaged in a class I gear, then the system is firstly shifted to a class III gear, the first clutch is kept closed, and the engine is continuously driven through the planetary gear train and the first input shaft; the second clutch is separated to separate the motor from the planetary gear train; then, an even gear is engaged, and the motor is driven through a second input shaft; or,
(1.2), the system is engaged with a class II or class III gear, the torque of the engine is transferred to the motor, and the motor continuously drives wheels; then, the next step is performed;
(2) Releasing the first clutch to disengage the engine from the first input shaft;
(3) And closing the engine, removing the gear on the first input shaft, and enabling the system to enter the pure electric mode.
The invention also provides a vehicle comprising the hybrid power system.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
the hybrid power system and the control method have the advantages that the transmission torque is large, the transmission efficiency is high, the structure is compact, the parts are mature in technology and reasonable in design, a three-shaft planetary gear train with double degrees of freedom is introduced, the characteristics of the planetary gear train are utilized, an engine and a motor can drive a vehicle to start in a differential mode, the vehicle starts stably, and a clutch is not needed to slide and rub any more to drive the vehicle to start; the planetary gear train increases torque of the engine, and under the condition of not increasing a speed change gear, one gear is correspondingly increased by coordinating the motor and the planetary gear train, so that the oil consumption is improved; in the gear shifting process, the engine and the motor are always used for alternately driving and gear shifting, and power is kept to be continuously driven, so that the driving torque is kept unchanged in the whole gear shifting process, the vehicle is stably driven, no power interruption exists, and the comfort can be remarkably improved; the double clutch is canceled, so that the cost is reduced; the planetary gear train is arranged in the motor rotor, so that the integration level is high, the space is saved, and the shaft length of the hybrid gearbox is shortened; the energy consumption of the hydraulic system can be further reduced; the planetary gear train can reduce the speed and increase the torque, reduce the torque of the motor and reduce the cost; the engine and the motor are driven in a differential speed mode, the speed can be continuously changed in the acceleration process, and the urban working condition oil consumption is further reduced; the functions of pure electric drive, engine and motor hybrid drive, energy regenerative braking, cruise power generation, parking power generation and the like are realized.
The hybrid power system and the control method thereof drag an engine in the switching process from a pure electric mode EV to a hybrid drive mode HEV by two methods: one is to release two clutches, separate the engine, drag with the starter motor, there is no impact to the drive chain, eliminate the fluctuation caused by starting the engine thoroughly; the other is to transfer torque and drag the engine by clutch sliding friction; during gear shifting, the clutch is firstly released, the engine is separated from the input shaft, the synchronizer is then completed to engage gears, and then the clutch is closed, so that the gear shifting process is the same as that of AMT and DCT in the prior art, and the gear shifting process is more stable and reliable; the system can be matched with a DCT (discrete cosine transformation) speed change gear box and a modified AMT speed change gear box, an input shaft of the AMT is changed into a double input shaft, a gear with at least one gear is arranged on a second input shaft, the system is more flexible in design, other parts are unchanged, the system can be matched with a modified manual speed change gear box (MT), the MT is changed into the double input shaft, and an automatic gear shifting mechanism is added; the jump stop is convenient, and the system is correspondingly faster.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of one of the embodiments of a hybrid powertrain of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a representation of 3 spindle speed levers in the planetary gear train of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a hybrid powertrain of the present invention in electric-only mode;
FIG. 4 is a representation of 3 spindle speed levers in the planetary gear train of the electric-only mode of the hybrid powertrain of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a hybrid drive mode class I gear configuration of the hybrid powertrain of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a hybrid drive mode class II gear configuration of the hybrid powertrain of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a hybrid drive mode class III gear configuration of the hybrid powertrain of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a representation of 3 spindle speed levers in a planetary gear train of the hybrid powertrain of the present invention in an upshift mode;
FIG. 9 is a lever diagram representation of the speed ratio of the hybrid powertrain of the present invention producing several derivative gears;
in the figure: 1-an engine; 2-a power output shaft; 3-planetary gear trains; 4-a first clutch; 5-a motor; 6-a second clutch; 7-a hybrid module; 8-a first input shaft; 9-a second input shaft; 10-an output shaft; 11-a dual input shaft speed change mechanism; s-sun gear; c-a planet carrier; r-gear ring; ρ -ratio of the number of sun gear teeth to the number of ring gear teeth of the planetary gear train.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the hybrid system includes an engine 1, a hybrid module 7 and a double-input-shaft speed change mechanism 11, the hybrid module is composed of a motor 5, a planetary gear train 3, a first clutch 4 and a second clutch 6, the planetary gear train has at least 3 rotating shafts, respectively: the rotating shafts of the sun gear S, the planet carrier C and the gear ring R are arranged on the same straight line, the rotating shaft rotating speed of the planet carrier C is between the rotating shaft rotating speed of the sun gear S and the rotating shaft rotating speed of the gear ring R, and a first clutch 4 is arranged between any two of the 3 rotating shafts; the power output shaft 2 of the engine 1 is connected with the rotating shaft of a gear ring R in a planetary gear train, the rotor of the motor 5 is connected with a second input shaft 9 of a double-input-shaft speed change mechanism 11 and is connected with the rotating shaft of a sun gear S in the planetary gear train through a second clutch 6, and the rotating shaft of a planet carrier C is connected with a first input shaft 8 of the double-input-shaft speed change mechanism; the double-input-shaft speed change mechanism consists of a first input shaft 8, a second input shaft 9, a plurality of pairs of forward gear gears, at least one set of reverse gear gears GR and an output shaft 10, wherein the forward gear gears are respectively gear gears G1, G2, G3, G4, G5 and G6, forward gear driving gears G1, G3, G5 and G6 are arranged on the first input shaft, forward gear driving gears G2 and G4 are arranged on the second input shaft, reverse gear driving gears are arranged on the first input shaft 8, driven gears of all gears are arranged on the output shaft, all driven gears are connected with the output shaft through synchronizers S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 and S6 respectively, and the driving gears of all gears are meshed with corresponding driven gears; one gear in each gear is connected with the shaft where the gear is located through a synchronizer.
As shown in fig. 2, the kinematic constraint between the rotational speeds of the first, second and third shafts of the planetary gear train can be intuitively described by a lever diagram: a lever is horizontally arranged, three points are arranged on the lever and respectively represent the three rotating shafts, and the distance between the points is determined by parameters of the planetary gear train; a vector perpendicular to the lever is led out from each point to represent the rotating speed of the shaft, and the three vector arrow vertexes are on a straight line; lever diagrams may also be used to represent the relationship between the three shaft speed ratios.
The control method of the hybrid power system of the invention comprises the following operation modes: an electric-only mode, a hybrid drive mode, and a charging mode.
As shown in fig. 3, the first operating condition of the hybrid system in the electric-only mode is: d gear is hung on the system, the engine 1 does not work, and the rotation speed is zero; the first clutch 4 is disengaged and the planetary gear train 3 is in a free state; the gear on the first input shaft 8 is removed, and the first input shaft is disconnected from the wheels; the second clutch 6 is disengaged, separating the planetary gear train from the motor; a gear is hung on the second input shaft 9, and the motor 5 drives wheels through the second input shaft 9 and the gear hanging gear; the motor can rotate forward to drive the vehicle to advance, and can also rotate backward to drive the vehicle to reverse.
The second electric-only mode operation condition of the hybrid power system is as follows: zero rotational speed of the engine 1; the first clutch 4 is disengaged, and the planetary gear train 3 rotates differentially; a forward or reverse gear is hung on the first input shaft 8; the second clutch 6 is closed to connect the motor with the third rotating shaft, i.e., the rotating shaft of the sun gear S, and the motor drives the third rotating shaft in the forward direction, and the unidirectional clutch provided on the first rotating shaft, i.e., the rotating shaft of the ring gear R, restricts the reverse rotation of the first rotating shaft, thereby driving the second rotating shaft, the rotating shaft of the planet carrier C, to rotate in the forward direction and drive the vehicle to advance or retreat through the first input shaft and the gear, as shown in fig. 4.
The working conditions of the hybrid power driving mode of the hybrid power system are as follows: when the engine and motor hybrid drive vehicle starts, the hybrid power system is engaged with the D gear, a first input shaft is engaged with a gear, a first clutch is separated, and the engine and the motor are driven in a differential mode; the second clutch is locked, so that the motor is connected with the third rotating shaft; before starting, the rotation speeds of the wheels, the first input shaft and the second rotating shaft are zero, the engine rotates at idle speed, and the motor rotates reversely; starting: the engine increases torque, the motor also increases torque and increases speed, the second rotating shaft and the first input shaft are driven to accelerate, and wheels are driven to rotate through a gear; at the moment, the engine and the motor are driven in a differential mode, the speed ratio of the engine to the wheels can be continuously changed, when the rotating speed of the second rotating shaft reaches a certain rotating speed, the first clutch is closed, the speed ratio of the engine to the wheels is fixed, and the hybrid power system enters a fixed gear.
Under the condition of the hybrid driving mode of the engine and the motor, the hybrid power system has three types of fixed gears: respectively representing class I, class II and class III gears;
as shown in fig. 5, class i gear: the first input shaft 8 is engaged with a gear; the first clutch 4 is closed, and the 3 rotating shafts in the planetary gear train 3 are locked and rotate at the same speed; the second clutch 6 locks and connects the electric machine 5 with the third shaft, i.e. the shaft of the sun gear S, and the torques of the engine 1 and the electric machine 5 are superimposed via the planetary gear train and transmitted to the wheels through the first input shaft 8 and the gear;
as shown in fig. 6, class ii gear: a gear is hung on the second input shaft 9; the first clutch 4 is closed, and the 3 rotating shafts in the planetary gear train 3 are locked and rotate at the same speed; the second clutch 6 locks, connects the motor 1 with the third rotation shaft of the planetary gear train 3, i.e. the rotation shaft of the sun gear S; the torque of the engine 1 and the motor 5 is superposed via a planetary gear train and transmitted to the wheels through the second input shaft 9 and the gear;
as shown in fig. 7, class iii gear: a gear is hung on the first input shaft 8; the first clutch 4 is closed, 3 rotating shafts in the planetary gear train 3 are locked and rotate at the same speed, and the torque of the engine 1 is transmitted to wheels through the planetary gear train and the first input shaft; the second clutch 6 is disengaged, so that the motor 5 is disengaged from the planetary gear train; a gear is engaged on the second input shaft 9, through which the motor torque is transmitted to the wheels.
When the hybrid power system is in the class I, class II and class III gears, the functions of independent driving of the engine, boosting of the motor, driving of the engine, power generation of the motor, reverse dragging of the engine, regenerative braking of the motor and the like can be realized.
Under the condition of the hybrid driving mode of the engine and the motor, the gear shifting operation steps are as follows:
1. gear shift by I type fixed gear:
1. before gear shifting: a gear is hung on the first input shaft; the first clutch is closed, locking the planetary gear train; closing the second clutch to connect the motor with a third rotating shaft of the planetary gear train; the engine and the motor are connected in parallel to drive a first input shaft and a gear wheel for gear engagement;
2. and (3) a gear shifting process:
(1) Transferring the motor torque to the engine, the engine continuing to drive through the planetary gear train and the first input shaft;
(2) The second clutch is separated, and the motor is separated from the third rotating shaft of the planetary gear train;
(3) The motor is synchronized, then a gear is hung on the second input shaft, the motor is driven by the second input shaft, and at the moment, the system is hung with a III-class gear to finish gear shifting; if the III class gear needs to be shifted continuously, continuing the next operation;
(4) Transferring the torque of the engine to the motor, and driving the motor continuously through the second input shaft;
(5) Removing the gear on the first input shaft;
(6) Closing the second clutch to connect the planetary gear train with the second input shaft; the torque of the engine is transmitted to a second input shaft through a planetary gear train and a second clutch to drive wheels to enter a class II gear;
2. gear shift by class ii:
1. before gear shifting: a gear is hung on the second input shaft; the first clutch is closed, locking the planetary gear train; closing the second clutch to connect the motor with the third rotating shaft of the planetary row; the engine and the motor are connected in parallel to drive wheels through a second input shaft;
2. and (3) a gear shifting process:
(1) Transferring the torque of the engine to the motor, and continuously driving the motor;
(2) The first clutch and the second clutch are separated, and the planetary gear train is in a free state and is separated from the second input shaft;
(3) A gear is hung on the first input shaft, then the first clutch is closed, the planetary gear train is locked, the engine torque is transmitted to wheels through the first input shaft, the system enters a III class gear, and gear shifting is completed; if the III class gear needs to be shifted continuously, continuing the next operation;
(4) Transferring motor torque to an engine driven by a first input shaft;
(5) Removing the gear on the second input shaft;
(6) Closing the second clutch to enable the motor to be connected with the planetary gear train, and enabling the motor to enter a class I gear through driving of the planetary gear train and the first input shaft;
3. gear shifting from class iii:
1. before gear shifting: a gear is hung on the second input shaft, and the motor drives wheels through the second input shaft; the second clutch is separated, and the motor is separated from the planetary gear train; the first clutch is closed, the planetary gear train is locked, and the engine drives wheels through the first input shaft;
2. and (3) a gear shifting process:
2.1, a class I gear shifting process:
(1) Transferring the motor torque to the engine, and continuing to drive the first input shaft by the engine;
(2) Removing the gear on the second input shaft;
(3) Closing a second clutch, driving a motor through a planetary gear train and a first input shaft, and enabling the system to enter a class I gear;
2.2, a class II gear shifting process:
(1) Transferring the engine torque to the motor, and continuing to drive the second input shaft by the motor;
(2) The first clutch is separated, and the planetary gear train is in a free state;
(3) Removing the gear on the first input shaft;
(4) Closing the first clutch and the second clutch, locking the planetary gear train and connecting the planetary gear train with the second input shaft, and driving the wheels to enter a class II gear by the engine through the second input shaft;
2.3, a class III gear shifting process:
(1) Transferring the engine torque to the motor, and continuing to drive the second input shaft by the motor;
(2) The first clutch is separated, and the planetary gear train is in a free state;
(3) Removing the gear on the first input shaft;
(4) The first input shaft is engaged with a new gear, then the first clutch is closed, the planetary gear train is locked, and the engine drives wheels through the planetary gear train and the first input shaft to enter a new class III gear.
The control method of the hybrid power system comprises the following operation steps of:
1. before conversion: zero engine speed; the second clutch is separated to separate the planetary gear train from the second input shaft; a gear is hung on the second input shaft, and the motor drives wheels through the second input shaft;
2. the first switching procedure:
(1) Dragging the engine to accelerate by using a starting motor or a BSG (Belt-driven Starter/Generator) motor;
(2) When the idle speed is reached, the engine is ignited and starts to work;
(3.1) closing the first clutch, locking the epicyclic gear train; closing the second clutch to connect the planetary gear train with the second input shaft, and driving the wheels by the engine through the planetary gear train and the second input shaft, wherein the system enters a class II gear; or (3.2) a gear is hung on the first input shaft, then the first clutch is closed, the planetary gear train is locked, the engine drives wheels through the planetary gear train and the first input shaft, and the system enters a III class gear;
3. The second switching procedure:
(1) A gear is hung on the first input shaft;
(2) Closing the first clutch, applying preset torque, and dragging the engine to rotate; meanwhile, the motor compensates the torque lost by dragging the engine by increasing the torque;
(3) When the idle speed is reached, the engine is started by ignition, and the system enters a III class gear.
In the first switching process, the engine is completely separated from the wheels, torque fluctuation cannot be generated on the wheels, and the process of starting the engine is smooth; hybrid systems require either a starter motor or a BSG motor.
A second switching process capable of minimizing torque ripple by controlling clutch torque and motor compensation torque; selecting a high gear to start the engine, so that torque fluctuation is reduced to a fraction; the starting motor or the BSG motor is not needed, and the cost is reduced.
The control method of the hybrid power system comprises the following operation steps of:
1. before conversion, the hybrid power system hangs class i, class ii, or class iii gear:
(1.1), class i gear: a gear is hung on the first input shaft; the first clutch is closed and the planetary gear train is locked; the second clutch is closed, and the motor is connected with the planetary gear train; the engine and the motor drive wheels through the planetary gear train and the first input shaft;
(1.2), class ii gear: a gear is hung on the second input shaft; the first clutch is closed and the planetary gear train is locked; the second clutch is closed, and the motor is connected with the planetary gear train; the engine and the motor are driven by the planetary gear train and the second input shaft;
(1.3), class iii gear: the first clutch is closed, the planetary gear train is locked, a gear is hung on the first input shaft, and the engine drives wheels through the planetary gear train and the first input shaft; the second clutch is separated, and the motor is separated from the planetary gear train; a gear is hung on the second input shaft, and the motor drives wheels through the second input shaft;
2. the switching process comprises the following steps:
(2.11) the system is engaged in a class I gear, then the system is firstly shifted to a class III gear, the first clutch is kept closed, and the engine is continuously driven through the planetary gear train and the first input shaft; the second clutch is separated to separate the motor from the planetary gear train; then, an even gear is engaged, and the motor is driven through a second input shaft; or,
(2.12), transferring the torque of the engine to the motor when the system is in a class II or class III gear, and continuously driving wheels by the motor; then, the next step is performed;
(2.2) releasing the first clutch to disengage the engine from the first input shaft;
(2.3) shutting down the engine and removing the gear on the first input shaft, and the system enters an electric-only mode.
As shown in fig. 8, in the hybrid power system, the planetary gear train has a speed-reducing and torque-increasing function, which is equivalent to adding one gear: a first input shaft 8 is engaged with 1 gear, a first clutch 4 is separated, a planetary gear train 3 rotates in a differential speed, a second clutch 6 is closed, and a motor 5 is connected with a third rotating shaft; the engine 1 rotates forward and outputs forward torque, drives the first rotating shaft and outputs power; the motor works near zero rotation speed, outputs forward torque, alternately generates power/electric power, and can work for a long time when the accumulated consumption power is zero; the engine obtains a new gear with a speed ratio approximately equal to (1 + p) times the 1-speed ratio.
The hybrid power system of the invention has a double-input-shaft speed change mechanism, wherein the other arrangement mode of a plurality of pairs of forward gears is that a first inputThe shaft is provided with odd forward gear driving gears, and the second input shaft is provided with even forward gear driving gears, so that derivative gears can be generated. As shown in fig. 9, the first clutch 4 is disengaged, the second clutch 6 is locked, and an odd-numbered stage, such as η, is engaged 5 And an adjacent even gear, e.g. eta 4 The speed ratio of the first rotating shaft of the planetary gear train is eta 5 The speed ratio of the second rotating shaft is eta 4 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Excess eta 4 Point sum eta 5 The point is a straight line and is intersected with a vertical line representing the first rotating shaft, and the ordinate of the intersection point is the speed ratio of the engine; this is a derivative speed ratio, different from the speed ratio of the change gear; each pair of adjacent odd-even gears can be derived from one gear, so the gear number can be doubled.
The second clutch in the hybrid power module of the hybrid power system of the invention can be replaced by a synchronizer.
In the hybrid power system of the invention, the synchronizer on the second input shaft can be replaced by a clutch.
The hybrid power system of the invention has another structure that the planetary gear train 3 has at least 3 rotating shafts, respectively: the rotating shafts of the sun gear S, the planet carrier C and the gear ring R are arranged on the same straight line, the rotating shaft rotating speed of the planet carrier C is between the rotating shaft rotating speed of the sun gear S and the rotating shaft rotating speed of the gear ring R, and a first clutch 4 is arranged between any two of the 3 rotating shafts; the power output shaft 2 of the engine 1 is connected with the rotating shaft of a sun gear S in a planetary gear train, the rotor of the motor 5 is connected with a second input shaft 9 of a double-input-shaft speed change mechanism 11 and is connected with the rotating shaft of a gear ring R in the planetary gear train through a second clutch 6, and the rotating shaft of a planet carrier C is connected with a first input shaft 8 of the double-input-shaft speed change mechanism.
The invention also provides a vehicle comprising the hybrid power system.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, but can be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. A hybrid powertrain, characterized by: the hybrid power module is composed of a motor, a planetary gear train, a first clutch and a second clutch, wherein the planetary gear train is provided with at least 3 rotating shafts, and the rotating shafts are respectively: the rotating speed of the second rotating shaft is between the rotating speed of the first rotating shaft and the rotating speed of the third rotating shaft; a first clutch is arranged between any two of the 3 rotating shafts; the power output shaft of the engine is connected with a first rotating shaft of the planetary gear train, the rotor of the motor is connected with a second input shaft of the double-input-shaft speed change mechanism and is connected with a third rotating shaft through a second clutch, and the second rotating shaft is connected with a first input shaft of the double-input-shaft speed change mechanism; the double-input-shaft speed change mechanism consists of a first input shaft, a second input shaft, a plurality of pairs of forward gear gears, at least one set of reverse gear gears and an output shaft, wherein the first input shaft is provided with a plurality of forward gear driving gears, the second input shaft is provided with at least one forward gear driving gear, the output shaft is provided with driven gears of all gears, and the driving gears of all gears are meshed with the corresponding driven gears; one gear in each gear is connected with a shaft where the gear is positioned through a synchronizer;
The control method of the hybrid power system includes the following operation modes: the hybrid power system comprises a pure electric mode, a hybrid power driving mode and a charging mode, wherein under the condition of the hybrid power driving mode of an engine and a motor, the hybrid power system has three types of fixed gears: respectively representing class I, class II and class III gears;
class i gear: a gear is hung on the first input shaft; the first clutch is closed, and 3 rotating shafts in the planetary gear train are locked and rotate at the same speed; the second clutch locks and connects the motor with a third rotating shaft of the planetary gear train, and the torque of the motor and the motor is superposed through the planetary gear train and is transmitted to wheels through the first input shaft and the gear;
class ii gear: a gear is hung on the second input shaft; the first clutch is closed, and 3 rotating shafts in the planetary gear train are locked and rotate at the same speed; the second clutch is locked, so that the motor is connected with a third rotating shaft of the planetary gear train; the engine and motor torque are superposed through the planetary gear train and transmitted to wheels through the second input shaft and the gear;
class iii gear: a gear is hung on the first input shaft; the first clutch is closed, 3 rotating shafts in the planetary gear train are locked and rotate at the same speed, and engine torque is transmitted to wheels through the planetary gear train and the first input shaft; the second clutch is disengaged, so that the motor is separated from the planetary gear train; a gear is hung on the second input shaft, and motor torque is transmitted to wheels through the second input shaft.
2. The hybrid system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first input shaft is provided with an odd-numbered forward gear driving gear, and the second input shaft is provided with an even-numbered forward gear driving gear; the first clutch is disengaged and the second clutch is locked while an odd gear and an adjacent even gear are engaged, so that the engine attains a derivative speed ratio, and a derivative gear is produced for each pair of adjacent odd and even gears.
3. The hybrid system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in the hybrid power module, a one-way clutch is arranged on a first rotating shaft in a planetary gear train.
4. The hybrid system according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the hybrid power module, the planetary gear train is provided with at least 3 rotating shafts, which are respectively: the rotating shafts of the sun gear S, the planet carrier C and the gear ring R are arranged on the same straight line, the rotating shaft rotating speed of the planet carrier C is between the rotating shaft rotating speed of the sun gear S and the rotating shaft rotating speed of the gear ring R, and a first clutch is arranged between any two of the 3 rotating shafts; the power output shaft of the engine is connected with the rotating shaft of the gear ring R/the rotating shaft of the sun gear S in the planetary gear train, the rotor of the motor is connected with the second input shaft of the double-input-shaft speed change mechanism and is connected with the rotating shaft of the sun gear S/the rotating shaft of the gear ring R in the planetary gear train through a second clutch, and the rotating shaft of the planet carrier C is connected with the first input shaft of the double-input-shaft speed change mechanism.
5. The hybrid system according to claim 1, 2 or 4, characterized in that: the second clutch in the hybrid power module is replaced by a synchronizer; and/or the synchronizer on the second input shaft is replaced with a clutch.
6. A control method of the hybrid system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by: under the condition of a hybrid driving mode of an engine and a motor, step-by-step and out-of-step gear shifting among class I, class II and class III gears can be realized; wherein,
1. the gear shifting operation steps for switching from the I gear to the III gear are as follows:
first step, before gear shifting: a gear is hung on the first input shaft, the first clutch is closed, the second clutch is closed, and the engine and the motor are connected in parallel to drive the first input shaft and the gear wheel of the gear;
step two, a gear shifting process:
(1) Transferring motor torque to the engine, which continues to drive the first input shaft through the planetary gear train;
(2) The second clutch is separated, and the motor is separated from the third rotating shaft of the planetary gear train;
(3) The motor is synchronized, then a gear is hung on the second input shaft, the motor drives the second input shaft, and at the moment, the system is hung with a III-class gear to finish gear shifting;
2. The gear shifting operation steps for switching from the II gear to the III gear are as follows:
first step, before gear shifting: a gear is hung on the second input shaft, the first clutch is closed, the second clutch is locked, and the engine and the motor are connected in parallel to drive the second input shaft and the gear of the gear;
step two, a gear shifting process:
(1) Transferring the engine torque to the motor, and continuing to drive the second input shaft by the motor;
(2) The first clutch is separated, the second clutch is separated, and the engine is separated from the first input shaft and the second input shaft;
(3) One gear is hung on the first input shaft, then the first clutch is closed, the engine drives the first input shaft, and the system is hung in a III-type gear to finish gear shifting;
3. the step of shifting from class III gear to class I gear is as follows:
first step, before gear shifting: a gear is hung on the first input shaft, the first clutch is closed, and the engine drives the first input shaft; the second clutch is separated, a gear is hung on the second input shaft, and the motor drives the second input shaft;
step two, a gear shifting process:
(1) Transferring motor torque to the engine, which continues to drive the first input shaft through the planetary gear train;
(2) Removing the gear on the second input shaft;
(3) Closing the second clutch, driving the first input shaft by the motor through the planetary gear train, and engaging the class I gear by the system to finish gear shifting;
4. the gear shifting operation steps for switching from the III gear to the II gear are as follows:
first step, before gear shifting: a gear is hung on the first input shaft, the first clutch is closed, and the engine drives the first input shaft; the second clutch is separated, a gear is hung on the second input shaft, and the motor drives the second input shaft;
step two, a gear shifting process:
(1) Transferring the engine torque to the motor, and continuing to drive the second input shaft by the motor;
(2) Removing the gear on the first input shaft, and separating the engine from the first input shaft;
(3) Closing a second clutch, and driving a second input shaft by an engine through a planetary gear train and the second clutch, wherein the system is engaged with a class II gear to finish gear shifting;
5. the step of shifting from the III class gear to the new III class gear is as follows:
first step, before gear shifting: a gear is hung on the first input shaft, the first clutch is closed, and the engine drives the first input shaft; the second clutch is separated, a gear is hung on the second input shaft, and the motor drives the second input shaft;
Step two, a gear shifting process:
(1) Transferring the engine torque to the motor, and continuing to drive the second input shaft by the motor;
(2) The first clutch is separated, the gear on the first input shaft is removed, and the engine is separated from the first input shaft;
(3) The first input shaft is engaged with a new gear, the first clutch is closed, the engine drives the first input shaft through the planetary gear train, and the system is engaged with a new class III gear.
7. The control method of a hybrid system according to claim 6, characterized in that: the operation steps of the method for converting the pure electric mode into the hybrid power driving mode are as follows:
first step, before conversion: zero engine speed; the second clutch is separated to separate the planetary gear train from the second input shaft; a gear is hung on the second input shaft, and the motor drives wheels through the second input shaft;
step two, a switching process:
(1) A gear is hung on the first input shaft;
(2) Closing the first clutch, applying preset torque, and dragging the engine to rotate; meanwhile, the motor compensates the torque lost by dragging the engine by increasing the torque;
(3) When the idle speed is reached, the engine is started by ignition, and the system enters a III class gear.
8. A vehicle, characterized by: comprising a hybrid system according to any one of claims 1-5.
CN202110573688.2A 2021-05-25 2021-05-25 Hybrid power system, control method and vehicle Active CN113147355B (en)

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