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CN1936961A - Edge-Shading Guided Grayscale Font Generation Method - Google Patents

Edge-Shading Guided Grayscale Font Generation Method Download PDF

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CN1936961A
CN1936961A CN 200510103796 CN200510103796A CN1936961A CN 1936961 A CN1936961 A CN 1936961A CN 200510103796 CN200510103796 CN 200510103796 CN 200510103796 A CN200510103796 A CN 200510103796A CN 1936961 A CN1936961 A CN 1936961A
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stroke
strokes
shadow
literal
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郑国扬
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Weifeng Digital Development Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention provides a method, a human-computer interface of computer graphics and a computer readable medium device for generating gray scale images of characters, wherein each character consists of one or more strokes or graphics defined by gray scale edge shadow guide. The method comprises the following steps: displaying a group of sample characters, wherein each character consists of one or more strokes or graphs; each basic stroke or basic graph is defined by using the edge shadow guide as the expression; the strokes or figures of each group or each character are the parameter data defined for the representation by using the edge shadow orientation; each character of the character set is represented by a gray-scale image; the appearance of the gray-scale font of each character needs to be confirmed; if the character appearance is not satisfactory, the method can return to the second step to redefine the basic strokes or the graphics guided by the silhouette, and execute the subsequent steps until the character appearance is satisfactory.

Description

边影导向的灰阶字型产生法Edge-Shading Guided Grayscale Font Generation Method

技术领域technical field

本发明属于书写文字或符号的数字表现相关技术的领域,尤指产生边影导向的灰阶字型的一种系统、方法、以及计算机可读取媒介装置。The invention belongs to the technical field of digital representation of written characters or symbols, in particular to a system, method, and computer-readable media device for generating edge-shadow-oriented grayscale fonts.

背景技术Background technique

目前市面上存在着许多产生汉字的字型产生系统,汉字字型是由一群代表汉字的象形图形所组成,被组成的汉字数是成千上万个,例如通用的中文就包含有两万个以上。At present, there are many font generation systems for generating Chinese characters on the market. Chinese character fonts are composed of a group of pictographic figures representing Chinese characters. The number of Chinese characters formed is tens of thousands. For example, the common Chinese contains 20,000. above.

传统的计算机技术用于产生汉字的字型是采用外围形状的表现方法,此种技术描述于Addison-Wesley出版(1985年)的“Postscript Language Tutorial Cookbook”(AdobeSystem Inc.),这种方法用组合成文字外形的一些直线段及曲线段储存起来代表产生字形的数据。这种技术有一些缺陷;首先,由于不同的字型外形必需一一储存来产生成千上万个不同文字的形状,所以内存的空间需求相当大。其次,字形外围数据是依高解像度的需求储存,只能产生高解像品质的字型,这些数据并不适合于产生低解像度的字型。Traditional computer technology is used to generate the font of Chinese characters by using the peripheral shape representation method. This technology is described in "Postscript Language Tutorial Cookbook" (Adobe System Inc.) published by Addison-Wesley (1985). This method uses a combination of Some straight line segments and curved line segments forming the shape of the characters are stored to represent the data for generating the glyphs. This technique has some drawbacks; first, since different font shapes must be stored one by one to generate thousands of different character shapes, the memory space requirement is quite large. Secondly, the peripheral data of fonts are stored according to the requirement of high resolution, and only high-resolution fonts can be produced. These data are not suitable for low-resolution fonts.

另外一种产生汉字字型的方法是采用笔划基础的字型数据,其中文字的每个笔划是分别被定义成可用来组成每字的字型数据,而每字是由多个笔划互相迭合或交叉形成。笔划基础的字型数据包含关键点、宽度值、特征点和曲线比例值,这些数据的组合用来定义每个笔划的外围形状,有关笔划基础字型的建造及显示已经详述于美国专利案号5,852,448,6,151,032和6,157,390。笔划基础字型技术适用于低内存容量,以及在高低解像度两者并用的需求下的场合。Another way to generate Chinese character fonts is to use stroke-based font data, where each stroke of a character is defined as the font data that can be used to form each character, and each character is composed of multiple strokes superimposed on each other or cross formation. The stroke-based font data includes key points, width values, feature points, and curve ratio values. The combination of these data is used to define the peripheral shape of each stroke. The construction and display of stroke-based fonts have been described in detail in the US Patent Nos. 5,852,448, 6,151,032 and 6,157,390. Stroke-based font technology is suitable for low memory capacity and occasions where both high and low resolutions are required.

再另一种产生汉字字型的方法是采用图形基础的字型数据,其中文字的每个图形是分别被定义成可用来组成每字的字型数据,而每字是由至少一个图形组成,且每个图形是由至少一个笔划组成。图形基础的字型数据亦如笔划基础的定义一样是用关键点、宽度值、特征点、和曲线比例值来表现,有关图形基础字型的技术已经详述于美国专利案号6,501,475和6,661,417。Yet another method for generating Chinese character fonts is to use graphic-based font data, wherein each graphic of the text is defined as the font data that can be used to form each character, and each character is composed of at least one graphic, And each graphic is composed of at least one stroke. The font data of the graphic basis is also represented by key points, width values, feature points, and curve ratio values just like the stroke-based definition. The technology of the graphic-based font has been described in detail in US Patent Nos. 6,501,475 and 6,661,417.

如今随着面板显像技术的进步发展,文字已经可以用灰阶影像显示在手机、掌上型计算机以及其它电子仪器上,以前只能以黑白二位阶影像的显示变成可以用黑(0)到白(255)之间的256的灰阶影像来显示,由于用二位阶来显示文字的技术用于灰阶屏幕会造成文字影像品质变差,这种品质变差的现象对具有复杂给何形状的汉字的情况尤其显著,例如图1(D)所显示的中文字9,其中的方格12在灰阶显像时就如图1(E)所示,这个方格12包含四个像素16a-16d,参看其中的16b,它包含一占据文字9的部份区域A1以及没有占据文字9的区域A2,用传统的技术来产生16b的灰阶值是用下式计算:Nowadays, with the progress and development of panel display technology, text can be displayed on mobile phones, palmtop computers and other electronic devices with grayscale images. Previously, only black and white two-level images can be displayed in black(0) 256 to white (255) gray-scale images to display, because the technology of displaying characters with two levels is used in gray-scale screens, the quality of text and images will deteriorate. This phenomenon of poor quality has complex implications The situation of Chinese characters of any shape is particularly obvious, such as the Chinese character 9 shown in Figure 1(D), the grid 12 in it is as shown in Figure 1(E) when it is displayed in grayscale, and this grid 12 contains four Pixels 16a-16d, refer to 16b among them, it includes a partial area A1 occupying the character 9 and an area A2 not occupying the character 9, the gray scale value of 16b is calculated by the following formula with traditional technology:

灰阶值=(A1×黑+A2×白)/(A1+A2)          …(1)Gray scale value = (A1×black+A2×white)/(A1+A2) …(1)

在以下的叙述里,方程式(1)称为“灰阶值计算式”,图1(A)示出用灰阶值计算式运算后的文字10显示,其文字10的笔划20和笔划22的部份显示如图1(B)所示,图1(B)示出(4×4)像素于18a-18d的四列以表示笔划20和笔划22的灰阶值,如图标,笔划20占有像素列18a的50%下半部以及像素列18b的50%上半部,同样地,笔划22占有像素列18c的50%下半部以及像素列18d的50%上半部,据此,这四列18a-18d的灰阶值皆有如下式计算所得相同的灰阶值:In the following narration, equation (1) is called "gray scale value calculation formula", and Fig. 1 (A) shows the character 10 display after using the gray scale value calculation formula calculation, the stroke 20 and stroke 22 of its character 10 Part of the display is shown in Figure 1(B). Figure 1(B) shows four columns of (4×4) pixels in 18a-18d to represent the grayscale values of stroke 20 and stroke 22, such as icons, stroke 20 occupies 50% of the lower half of the pixel row 18a and 50% of the upper half of the pixel row 18b. Similarly, the stroke 22 occupies 50% of the lower half of the pixel row 18c and 50% of the upper half of the pixel row 18d. Accordingly, this The grayscale values of the four columns 18a-18d all have the same grayscale value calculated by the following formula:

灰阶值=0.5×黑+0.5×白   …(2)Gray scale value = 0.5×black+0.5×white …(2)

计算结果使得这四列18a-18d是用同一灰阶值来整个涂满,于是形成分不出是由二个笔划组成的区块。图1(C)示出用传统技术显示图1(A)文字10的结果,可以看出这种将笔划混成一块的灰阶影像确实使得文字显示品质严重变差。The result of the calculation makes the four columns 18a-18d be completely filled with the same gray scale value, so that the block composed of two strokes cannot be distinguished. FIG. 1(C) shows the result of displaying the character 10 in FIG. 1(A) using the traditional technology. It can be seen that the grayscale image that mixes the strokes into one piece really degrades the character display quality seriously.

综上所述,开发一种有别于传统技术的系统、方法以及计算机可读取媒介装置可同时来显示高品质的灰阶及二阶的字型技术是被渴望的一项需求。To sum up, it is a desired demand to develop a system, method and computer-readable medium device that can simultaneously display high-quality gray scale and two-level font technology different from the traditional technology.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的在于,提供一种边影导向的灰阶字型产生法、系统、以及计算机可读取媒介装置,其可同时来显示高品质的灰阶及二阶的字型。The object of the present invention is to provide an edge-oriented grayscale font generation method, system, and computer-readable medium device, which can simultaneously display high-quality grayscale and second-level fonts.

本发明提供一种系统、方法以及计算机可读取媒介装置,用以产生边影导向的灰阶字型影像,取得高品质的字型显像于点矩阵画面上以及灰阶影像画面上。The present invention provides a system, method and computer-readable medium device for generating edge shadow-oriented gray-scale font images to obtain high-quality font images on dot matrix screens and gray-scale image screens.

根据本发明的一项揭露,本发明提供一种方法用来定义(产生)一组边影导向表现的基本笔划集,并据以建造文字集里的文字成为边影导向的的字型数据。这种方法首先撷取文字集里的每个文字,一个文字包含一个或多个笔划,有些相似拓朴形状的笔划组合成不同文字的笔划,因此就构成许多的文字形状,根据美国专利案号5,852,448、6,151,032和6,157,390的描述,一群相似拓朴形状的笔划是采用一个基本笔划的定义来表现这群相似笔划,换言之,所有文字集里所有的笔划是由至少一个基本笔划来表现,每个基本笔划是如前述美国专利案所述,由关键点、宽度值、特征点和曲线比例值定义表现相似笔划的生成过程。According to a disclosure of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for defining (generating) a set of basic stroke sets for edge-shade-oriented representation, and constructing characters in the character set as edge-shade-oriented font data. This method first extracts each character in the character set. A character contains one or more strokes. Some strokes with similar topological shapes are combined into strokes of different characters, thus forming many character shapes. According to US Patent No. In the descriptions of 5,852,448, 6,151,032 and 6,157,390, a group of strokes with similar topological shapes is represented by the definition of a basic stroke. In other words, all strokes in all text sets are represented by at least one basic stroke, and each basic Strokes are defined by key points, width values, feature points, and curve scale values as described in the aforementioned US patents to generate similarly behaving strokes.

字型设计师在定义基本笔划时,可以指定边影导向区域码来定义基本笔划的部份区域应进行计算灰阶值(亦即基本笔划在生成笔划时,该笔划的部份区域涵盖了由方程式(1)所计算出的像素)。例如边影区域码可能定义一平行笔划的上半部或下半部应进行计算灰阶值,这样被定义的上半部区域(或下半部区域)就称为一个边影区域。字型设计师选一适当的边影区域码定义于每一基本笔划里,使得由该基本笔划来生成的所有相似形状的笔划皆会同样产生如定义所规范的边影区域,并能将被产生的边影区域呈现于灰阶画面上。本发明的一项揭露乃是在基本笔划的定义中指定边影区域码,就已经自动指定所有对应的相似笔划的边影区域。此后,字型设计师就可观测整个被生成文字集里的所有笔划显示在灰阶画面的效果。如果第一次尝试的效果不如想象中的预期,那么字型设计师可以再重新调整边影区域范围于基本笔划的定义里;一旦效果被确认满意后,就可将边影导向表现的基本笔划的数据储存起来供组字使用。When the font designer defines the basic stroke, he can specify the area code of the edge guide to define the part of the basic stroke that should calculate the grayscale value (that is, when the basic stroke generates a stroke, the part of the stroke covered by the pixels calculated by equation (1). For example, the edge shadow area code may define that the upper half or the lower half of a parallel stroke should calculate the gray scale value, so the defined upper half area (or lower half area) is called an edge shadow area. The font designer chooses an appropriate edge shadow area code and defines it in each basic stroke, so that all similar-shaped strokes generated by the basic stroke will also produce the edge shadow area specified by the definition, and can be used The resulting fringe area appears on the grayscale image. One disclosure of the present invention is that specifying the shading area code in the definition of a basic stroke automatically specifies the shading areas of all corresponding similar strokes. Afterwards, the font designer can observe the effect of all the strokes in the entire generated text set displayed on the grayscale screen. If the effect of the first attempt is not as expected, then the font designer can re-adjust the range of the edge shadow area in the definition of the basic stroke; once the effect is confirmed to be satisfactory, the edge shadow can be directed to the basic stroke of the expression The data stored for group word use.

根据本发明的一项观点本方法包含采用计算机图形的人机界面工具,并透过适当的影像分析的技术,于步骤中指引从事边影导向表现的基本策划的建造。据此观点,本发明亦提供-计算机图形的人机界面工具以及-计算机可读取媒介装置包含提供各项指令完成本方法的各项揭露。According to an aspect of the invention the method comprises the use of computer graphics human-machine interface tools and, through appropriate image analysis techniques, guiding in steps the construction of a basic plan for edge-oriented representations. From this point of view, the present invention also provides - a computer graphics man-machine interface tool and - a computer-readable medium device including various disclosures providing various instructions to implement the method.

根据本发明的另一项观点,本发明提供一种方法来呈现以边影导向表现的文字。每一个文字是由一个或多个笔划组成,且每个笔划是由关键点、宽度值、特征点、曲线比值,以及一个如前述的边影区域码。对于每一个形成文字的笔划,本方法是根据关键点、宽度值、特征点、和曲线比例值决定笔划的外图形状及坐标位置,而指定于笔划定义里的一个边影区域码是用来决定笔划的边影区域投射在各个像素所占的面积,面积的大小决定了像素的灰阶值,最后,本方法乃是根据这些被决定的灰阶值来呈现各个画面上的像素值。According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for presenting characters represented by an edge shadow guide. Each character is composed of one or more strokes, and each stroke is composed of key points, width values, feature points, curve ratios, and an edge shadow area code as described above. For each stroke that forms characters, this method is to determine the outer figure shape and coordinate position of the stroke according to the key point, width value, feature point, and curve ratio value, and an edge shadow area code specified in the stroke definition is used to Determine the area occupied by each pixel projected by the side shadow area of the stroke, and the size of the area determines the grayscale value of the pixel. Finally, this method presents the pixel value on each screen according to these determined grayscale values.

本发明还提供一种反异化方法于减缓锯齿状影像的异化现象的产生,反异化方法涉及分析每一像素周遭的影像拓朴结构,并依照分析后的拓朴结构选一预先定义的加权值矩阵计算像素平滑化的动作以产生最佳的反异化效果,这些被预先选定的加权值矩阵为计算像素平滑化取得反异化像素值的规则依据。The present invention also provides an anti-alienation method for slowing down the alienation phenomenon of jagged images. The anti-alienation method involves analyzing the topological structure of the image around each pixel, and selecting a predefined weighted value according to the analyzed topological structure. The matrix calculates the action of pixel smoothing to produce the best anti-alienation effect, and these pre-selected weight matrixes are the rule basis for calculating pixel smoothing to obtain anti-alienation pixel values.

附图说明Description of drawings

为进一步说明本发明的具体技术内容,以下结合实施例及附图详细说明如后,其中:In order to further illustrate the specific technical content of the present invention, below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing detailed description as follows, wherein:

图1(A)-(E)是用图例示出采用传统二阶(黑白)点矩阵影像显示灰阶影像字型会遭遇到的困境。1(A)-(E) illustrate the difficulties encountered in displaying gray-scale image fonts by using traditional two-level (black and white) dot matrix images.

图2示出用以实施本发明方法的系统或图形人机界面工具的方块图。Figure 2 shows a block diagram of a system or graphical human-machine interface tool for implementing the method of the present invention.

图3(A)-(C)示出本发明所揭露的一采用关键点,宽度值特征点等定义基本笔划及其边影码的范例。3(A)-(C) show an example of using key points, width value feature points, etc. to define basic strokes and their edge shadow codes disclosed by the present invention.

图4为本发明所揭露的一定义边影导向表现灰阶影像字型方法的流程图。FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for defining an edge-guided representation of a grayscale image font disclosed in the present invention.

图5为本发明所揭露的-显示边影导向表现灰阶影像字型方法的流程图。FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method for displaying gray scale image fonts by displaying an edge shadow guide disclosed in the present invention.

图6(A)-(D)示出本发明所揭露的一用于降低形成锯齿边灰阶影像字型的反异化方法。6(A)-(D) show an anti-alienation method for reducing the grayscale image fonts formed by jagged edges disclosed by the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

最佳实施例best practice

图2示出实施本发明方法的典型的计算环境,其中有-包括显示仪27及印表仪28的通用数字计算机26,用以实现本发明的各种方法。显示仪28,印表仪28,以及其它输出仪(如屏幕画面显示器和打印机等)可以显像、印出、以及输出本发明方法所产生的字型。其它为此技术所熟知的型式的计算系统,例如网络或主机系统亦可以用来实施本发明方法。Figure 2 shows a typical computing environment for implementing the method of the present invention, wherein there is a general-purpose digital computer 26 including a display 27 and a printer 28 for implementing various methods of the present invention. The display device 28, the printing device 28, and other output devices (such as a screen display and a printer, etc.) can develop images, print out, and output the fonts produced by the method of the present invention. Other types of computing systems known in the art, such as network or mainframe systems, may also be used to implement the methods of the present invention.

以下所述本发明用于定义或产生文字所含的笔划,亦可被了解为定义或产生文字所含的图形,如发明背景所述,图形为构成文字的单元,此单元由一个或多个笔划组成。在本发明里不管是笔划或图形为基础,两者皆是由关键点、宽度值、特征点、以及曲线比例值加予定义,且用这些定义的基本笔划或基本图形来决定字形数据以及产生字型,因此若不会有混淆的顾虑,此后所述“笔划”涵盖笔划和图形二种。The invention described below is used to define or generate the strokes contained in the characters, and can also be understood as defining or generating the graphics contained in the characters. As described in the background of the invention, a graph is a unit that constitutes a character, and this unit consists of one or more Composition of strokes. In the present invention, no matter it is based on strokes or graphics, both are defined by key points, width values, feature points, and curve ratio values, and use these defined basic strokes or basic graphics to determine font data and generate Therefore, if there is no concern of confusion, the "stroke" mentioned hereafter covers both strokes and graphics.

图3(A)示出-基本笔划30,它是由关键点(K1和K2),宽度值(W1),特征点(f1,f2,f3,和f4),以及曲线比例值(未示出)所定义,如美国专利案号5,852,448,6,151,032,和6,157,390所述,汉字的特性之一是很多字可共同拥有很多的比划,换言之,相似笔划可用于很多字里,例如图3(A)所示的水平笔划30可以用在很多字里也可以重复用在同一字里,例如图1(A)文字10里的笔划20和22。且如上述专利案所述,一组相似笔划群可用-基本笔划来代表其拓朴形状,每一基本笔划是首先由关键点和宽度值加予定义。Fig. 3 (A) shows-basic stroke 30, and it is made up of key point (K1 and K2), width value (W1), characteristic point (f1, f2, f3, and f4), and curve scale value (not shown ) as defined in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,852,448, 6,151,032, and 6,157,390, one of the characteristics of Chinese characters is that many characters can share many gestures, in other words, similar strokes can be used in many characters, such as shown in Figure 3 (A) The horizontal stroke 30 shown can be used in many characters and also can be used repeatedly in the same character, such as the strokes 20 and 22 in the character 10 in Fig. 1(A). And as described in the above-mentioned patent, a group of similar stroke groups can be represented by basic strokes, and each basic stroke is firstly defined by key points and width values.

关键点(K1和K2)通常被选为在基本笔划的在线或弯曲处或弯曲处的切线交点,始得移动关键点就可以变基本笔划的外形,以产生各式各样和它相似的笔划,宽度值(W1)通常被选在基本笔划里的二点间的距离,使得改变宽度值亦可产生各式各样不同粗细的相似笔划。每个基本笔划皆有一些方程式来表示怎样从关键点及宽度值决定特征点,例如图3(A),那些决定特征点(f1,f2,f3,和f4)的方程式为:The key points (K1 and K2) are usually selected as the tangent intersection points on the line or bend or bend of the basic stroke, and the shape of the basic stroke can be changed by moving the key point to produce a variety of strokes similar to it , the width value (W1) is usually selected as the distance between two points in the basic stroke, so that changing the width value can also produce a variety of similar strokes with different thicknesses. Each basic stroke has some equations to represent how to determine the feature points from the key points and width values, such as Figure 3(A), the equations for determining the feature points (f1, f2, f3, and f4) are:

f1=K1+W1/2f1=K1+W1/2

f2=K1-W1/2f2=K1-W1/2

f3=K2+W1/2f3=K2+W1/2

f4=K2-W1/2                              ------(3)f4=K2-W1/2 ------(3)

因此,特征点是经由预先定义它和关键点以及宽度值的空间关系所决定,如图所示,特征点是选在基本笔划的外图形状上正转换切线或曲率方向处。更且,每个基本笔划亦也一些预先定义的曲线比例值,它们是根据解像度的层级所预先建造的数值群,用以产生相邻二个特征点之间在不同解像度时的曲线形状,有关树状结构的曲线比例值的建造是如上述专利案所描述。Therefore, the feature point is determined by pre-defining its spatial relationship with the key point and the width value. As shown in the figure, the feature point is selected at the position where the tangent or curvature direction is transformed on the outer shape of the basic stroke. Moreover, each basic stroke also has some predefined curve ratio values, which are pre-built numerical groups according to the resolution level, and are used to generate the curve shape between two adjacent feature points at different resolutions. The construction of the tree-structured curve scale values is as described in the aforementioned patent.

每个基本笔划是用一指定的笔划数目来确认,每个被定义的基本笔划可由移动关键点以及改变宽度值来定义那些对应它的相似笔划群,一旦关键点被移动以及宽度值被改变后,就会那些预存的方程式计算出新的特征点位置,并经由预存的树状结构的曲线比例值计算出相邻二个新特征点间新的曲线形状于各个不同解像度的层级里。这种产生相似笔划的过程已经详述于上述专利案里。Each basic stroke is confirmed by a specified number of strokes. Each defined basic stroke can be defined by moving the key point and changing the width value to define those similar stroke groups corresponding to it. Once the key point is moved and the width value is changed. , calculate the new feature point position with those pre-stored equations, and calculate the new curve shape between two adjacent new feature points in each level of different resolutions through the pre-stored tree structure curve ratio value. This process of generating similar strokes has been described in detail in the aforementioned patent case.

如前述发明背景所述,当上述笔划被定义成显像于二位阶的点矩阵影像画面用来显像于灰阶影像画面时,就会产生品质变差的现象,所以,根据本发明的一项揭露,每个基本笔划(以及因此基本比划所生成的相似笔划)也增加了一项指定边影区域码来定义在笔划内产生灰阶边影区域的方式。As mentioned above in the background of the invention, when the above-mentioned strokes are defined to be displayed on a two-level dot matrix image frame and used to be displayed on a grayscale image frame, the quality will deteriorate. Therefore, according to the present invention It is disclosed that each basic stroke (and thus similar strokes generated by the basic stroke) is also added with a specified edge shadow area code to define the way to generate grayscale edge shadow areas within the stroke.

图3(B)示出分别指定边影区域码“10”和“01”于二笔划34和36里,一个边影区域码用来定义在每个笔划里的灰阶边影区域,当此区域投影到灰阶影像画面时会根据其落在笔划里的格子面积决定此格子像素的灰阶值,例如笔划34指定-边影区域码“10”,表示其上半部,34a是由点(K1,f1,f3,f2)所围成的边影区域,且由其被指定的灰阶值来计算其所座落格子的像素值。换言之,边影区域亦是由关键点、宽度值、特征点、以及曲线比例值所围成的部份笔划区域,另外属于下半部的34b不是一个边影区域,且被调整为黑点(不会造成其像素格子成为灰值)。笔划36被指定一边影区域码“01”,在本例里意指其上半部36a不是边影区域且被调整为黑点,而下半部36b是由点群(k、k2、f4、f2)所围成之边影区域,当被显像时需计算其上像素格子的灰阶值。对熟悉本技术人士而言,上述边影区域码仅是其中一个范例,事实上边影区域码系根据基本笔划形状及它在字型产生上之需求而有多样的定义方式。仅是为了目前的描述用,在每一笔划上所指定之边影区域码意指笔划内部的部份区块需要去计算落在其上的像素的灰值,每个笔划的边影区域码是被储存于笔划的身份码(笔划数目或第几个笔划)里。Fig. 3 (B) shows to designate the edge shadow area code " 10 " and " 01 " in two strokes 34 and 36 respectively, an edge shadow area code is used for defining the grayscale edge shadow area in each stroke, when this When the area is projected onto the grayscale image screen, the grayscale value of the grid pixel will be determined according to the grid area it falls in the stroke. For example, the stroke 34 designation-edge shadow area code "10" indicates its upper half, and 34a is the dot (K1, f1, f3, f2) surround the edge shadow area, and calculate the pixel value of the grid where it is located based on its specified grayscale value. In other words, the edge shadow area is also a partial stroke area surrounded by key points, width values, feature points, and curve ratio values. In addition, 34b belonging to the lower half is not an edge shadow area, and is adjusted to a black point ( will not cause its pixel grid to become gray value). Stroke 36 is assigned a side-shading area code "01", which means in this example that its upper half 36a is not a side-shading area and is adjusted to black dots, while the lower half 36b is composed of point groups (k, k2, f4, For the edge shadow area surrounded by f2), when it is displayed, it is necessary to calculate the gray scale value of the pixel grid on it. For those skilled in the art, the above-mentioned edge shadow area code is just one example. In fact, the edge shadow area code has various definition methods according to the basic stroke shape and its requirements on font generation. For the current description only, the specified edge area code on each stroke means that some blocks inside the stroke need to calculate the gray value of the pixels falling on it, the edge area code of each stroke It is stored in the identity code (the number of strokes or the number of strokes) of the stroke.

图3(C)出示图1(A)的文字10里的二个笔划20和22,且它们各别皆有一边影区域码“10”。如图3(B)所示,当影像时会有四个像素列18a-18d座落其上。由于每个笔划的边影区域码“10”在显像时会变成灰阶值而使得这二个笔划在显像时会如标示39所示,它们在视觉上是两个被区隔的笔划。产生这种结果是因为下半部非边影区域的影像是采用指定的灰阶值,例如指定其灰阶值为白色,所以,采用适当定义边影区域导向所表现的笔划来组合文字,就可以显示平滑化的灰阶影像字型,比如图1(A)所示文字10的二个笔划20和22混迭在一起的现象就可以由定义边影区域导向的基本笔划的表现来避免掉。FIG. 3(C) shows two strokes 20 and 22 in the character 10 of FIG. 1(A), and they each have a side shadow area code "10". As shown in FIG. 3(B), there are four pixel columns 18a-18d located thereon when the image is displayed. Since the shadow area code "10" of each stroke will become a grayscale value when developing, these two strokes will be displayed as shown in the mark 39, and they are visually separated by two strokes. This result is produced because the image in the lower half of the non-edge shadow area adopts the specified grayscale value, for example, specifying its gray scale value to be white, so, using the strokes represented by the guideline of the properly defined edge shadow area to combine the text, it is It can display smooth gray-scale image fonts. For example, the aliasing phenomenon of the two strokes 20 and 22 of the character 10 shown in FIG. .

图4是定义一组带有边影导向表现的基本笔划的流程图,这些被定义后的基本笔划就用来定义文字的灰阶影像字型。如方块40所示,字型设计师显示一组文字集(显示在各种不同的点矩阵尺寸)供定义边影导向的参考用,基本上,一字型设计师是一图形设计家,其任务是创造字型数据库供商业用。在文字集的每个文字是由一个或多个笔划组成,且所有组成文字的笔划更可切分成群,每群包含一组相似笔划,每组相似笔划群可用一基本笔划来代表它们的拓朴形状的生成,基本笔划是用关键点、宽度值、特征点和曲线比例值为参数所定义的笔形生成的程序。Fig. 4 is a flow chart of defining a group of basic strokes with edge-shading-guided performance, and these defined basic strokes are used to define the grayscale image font of the text. As shown in block 40, the font designer displays a set of glyphs (displayed at various dot matrix sizes) for reference in defining edge shadow guides. Basically, a font designer is a graphic designer whose The task is to create a font database for commercial use. Each character in the character set is composed of one or more strokes, and all the strokes that make up the characters can be divided into groups, each group contains a group of similar strokes, and each group of similar strokes can be represented by a basic stroke For the generation of topological shapes, the basic stroke is a program for generating strokes defined by parameters using key points, width values, feature points, and curve ratio values.

如方块42所示,字型设计师将每个基本笔划定义成边影导向的表现。字型设计师经由视觉确认每个基本笔划里指定一边影区域的最佳定义,例如观测一个笔划和另外相接或相邻笔划之间的状况来指定边影区域以避免它们在低解像时会产生重迭的现象,然后再指定边影区域码给该基本笔划,在基本笔划的定义里被指定的边影区域码于组字时就会呈现在对应此基本笔划的各个相似笔划里。As shown in block 42, the font designer defines each basic stroke as an edge-shading-oriented representation. The font designer visually confirms the best definition of the specified side shadow area in each basic stroke, such as observing the situation between a stroke and another adjacent or adjacent stroke to specify the side shadow area to avoid them in low resolution There will be an overlapping phenomenon, and then assign the border area code to the basic stroke, and the designated border area code in the definition of the basic stroke will appear in each similar stroke corresponding to the basic stroke when forming characters.

如方块44所示,字型设计师将所有用边影导向表现的文字显示出来,每一文字的笔划皆由其边影区域码决定其灰阶影像的显像;换言之,仅有边影区域所座落的像素格子才会计算该些像素的灰值。As shown in block 44, the font designer displays all the characters represented by the edge shadow guide, and the stroke of each character is determined by its edge shadow area code to display the grayscale image; in other words, only the edge shadow area The gray value of these pixels will be calculated only for the pixel grid that is located.

如方块46所示,字型设计师用其视觉观看所有被显示的灰阶显像的文字,若这些文字已经被适当地减建成灰阶字型,已经没有笔划被迭合在一起的现象时,就完成了本方法的灰阶字型的建造,否则再回到方块42重新对某些基本笔划定义成新的边影区域导向的表现,再如方块44所显示,由这些重新定义边影区域的基本笔划所生成的那些灰阶影像文字;再如方块46所示,字型设计师再观看这些灰阶影像文字的品质是否满意,反复这样的动作直至满意为止。As shown in block 46, the font designer uses his vision to observe all the displayed characters in grayscale. If these characters have been properly subtracted into grayscale fonts, there is no phenomenon that the strokes are overlapped. , the construction of the gray-scale font in this method is completed, otherwise go back to block 42 to redefine some basic strokes as a new edge shadow area-oriented performance, and then as shown in block 44, these redefine the edge shadows Those gray-scale image characters generated by the basic strokes of the area; as shown in block 46, the font designer checks whether the quality of these gray-scale image characters is satisfactory, and repeats such actions until satisfied.

根据本发明的另一项观点,本发明提供一种显示以边影导向表现的灰阶影像文字的方法,图5示出这种方法的一种流程图,例如图5所示的方法可用于图4的方块4,图5所示的步骤是由一储存于计算机里的影像显示程序或引擎执行,以显示灰阶影像文字于灰阶画面的显示器上。According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for displaying gray-scale image characters represented by edge-shading guides. FIG. 5 shows a flow chart of this method. For example, the method shown in FIG. 5 can be used for Block 4 of FIG. 4, the steps shown in FIG. 5 are executed by an image display program or engine stored in the computer to display grayscale image text on the display of the grayscale screen.

如方块52所示,这种方法是根据点矩阵尺寸建造一文字的扫瞄影像,例如图6(A)所示的一6×6点矩阵60,其中沿箭头67所示的为其一条扫瞄线,在范例说明中,一文字影像64将被显示于点矩阵60上。As shown in block 52, this method is to construct a scanned image of a character according to the size of the dot matrix, such as a 6×6 dot matrix 60 shown in FIG. Line, in the example description, a character image 64 will be displayed on the dot matrix 60 .

如图5方块54所示,对于点矩阵60里的每个像素,会有一个合适的演算式计划出边影导向表现的像素的灰值。例如方程式(1)用来计算每个像素的灰值,如方块59所示,这些被计算出的灰值就构成文字的灰阶影像。但是,依上述被计算出来的灰值直接用显示文字的灰阶影像会产生边缘呈锯齿状或异化的影像字型,因此也可以采用反异化的方法来降低锯齿状的突显,例如图5方块56和方块58所示的反异化方法。在影像图形的处理上有很多反异化方法被提出,本发明所提供如图6(B)所示的一种反异化方法,其中在3×3像素区70的九个像素分别各有如图5方块54所述被计算出来的灰值,而座落在像素区70的中心的P5是欲被重新计算其新的灰值的像素,P5的新灰值的计算是根据其周围的八个像素灰值依其加权多寡所形成的均匀混合结果,其计算式如下:As shown in block 54 of FIG. 5 , for each pixel in the dot matrix 60 , there will be an appropriate algorithm to plan the gray value of the pixel for the edge-shading-oriented representation. For example, equation (1) is used to calculate the gray value of each pixel, as shown in block 59 , and these calculated gray values constitute the grayscale image of the text. However, directly using the grayscale image of the displayed text based on the gray value calculated above will produce jagged or dissimilated image fonts. Therefore, anti-alienation methods can also be used to reduce the jagged highlights, such as the box in Figure 5 56 and the anti-alienation method shown in box 58. Many anti-alienation methods have been proposed in the processing of image graphics. The present invention provides an anti-alienation method as shown in FIG. The calculated gray value of the square 54, and the P5 located in the center of the pixel area 70 is the pixel to be recalculated to its new gray value, and the calculation of the new gray value of P5 is based on the surrounding eight pixels The uniform mixture result formed by the gray value according to its weighting, its calculation formula is as follows:

P5的新像素值=New pixel value of P5 =

其中Wi为像素I的加权值,且熟悉本技艺人士皆知矩阵w的加权值通常是呈高斯分布,亦即,若中心点的加权值最大,则其它离中心点的加权值是依高斯分布递减。Where Wi is the weighted value of pixel I, and those familiar with the art know that the weighted value of matrix w is usually Gaussian distribution, that is, if the weighted value of the center point is the largest, then the weighted values of other points away from the center are according to Gaussian distribution decrease.

传统的反异化方法是取-固定高斯分布的加权值矩阵而本发明的反异化方法是依据笔划的书写方向取不同的加权值矩阵分别计算P5。例如考虑的像素66和像素68座落于文字影像64(图6(A))的反异化计算方式就如图6(C)和图6(D)所示。The traditional anti-alienation method is to take a weighted value matrix of fixed Gaussian distribution, while the anti-alienated method of the present invention is to take different weighted value matrices according to the writing direction of the stroke to calculate P5 respectively. For example, the anti-alienation calculation method for the considered pixel 66 and pixel 68 located in the text image 64 (FIG. 6(A)) is shown in FIG. 6(C) and FIG. 6(D).

图6(C)考虑包围像素66的文字影像的3×3像素区,从计算最左及最右像素76和78的差值会得到如80所示的三类:零、正值、或负值的书写值,例如图6(C)所示的书写值为<0,+,+>,根据书写值就可以选出数个预复制的加权值矩阵的其中一个矩阵,例如选加权值矩阵W,(82),它是预制的加权值矩阵用来计算书写值<0,+,+>以产生最佳反异化效果。因此,中心位置的像素66是采用被选出的加权值矩阵w1(82)代入方程式(4)里计算出P5(像素66)的反异化的灰值。Figure 6(C) considers the 3×3 pixel area of the text image surrounding pixel 66, from the calculation of the difference between the leftmost and rightmost pixels 76 and 78, three categories as shown at 80 will be obtained: zero, positive value, or negative The writing value of the value, such as the writing value shown in Figure 6 (C) <0, +, +>, according to the writing value, one of the matrix of several pre-duplicated weighted value matrices can be selected, for example, the weighted value matrix is selected W, (82), which is a prefabricated weighted value matrix used to calculate written values <0, +, +> to produce the best anti-alienation effect. Therefore, the pixel 66 at the central position uses the selected weight value matrix w1 (82) to substitute into equation (4) to calculate the de-alienated gray value of P5 (pixel 66).

同样地,图6(D)考虑环绕像素68的3×3像素区,经计算像素列83a,83b,和83c后得到图6(D)的书写值8 4为<一,一,一>根据此书写值84于是选了复制的加权矩阵w2(86),用经代入方程式(4)里计算出p5(像素68)的反异化的灰值,以达到最佳的反异化效果。熟悉本技术的专业人士亦可了解到,加权值矩阵的元素亦可采用其它不同于本发明所揭露的数值,用于不同的书写值的状况里,也可产生同样的反异化效果。Similarly, Fig. 6(D) considers the 3×3 pixel area surrounding the pixel 68, and after calculating the pixel columns 83a, 83b, and 83c, the written value 84 of Fig. 6(D) is obtained as <one, one, one> according to The written value 84 then selects the duplicated weighting matrix w2 (86), and uses the de-alienated gray value of p5 (pixel 68) calculated by substituting it into the equation (4) to achieve the best de-alienated effect. Those skilled in the art can also understand that the elements of the weighting value matrix can also adopt other values different from those disclosed in the present invention, which can also produce the same anti-alienation effect when used in different situations of writing values.

本发明的各种方法可由-图形人机界面(GUI)的工具来实施,例如可用窗口为基础的操作系统的GUI工具,且一些方法里的一个或多个部骤亦可,透过影像方析的技巧自动完成。The various methods of the present invention can be implemented by a tool of a graphical human-machine interface (GUI), such as a GUI tool of a window-based operating system, and one or more steps in some methods can also be implemented through a video Analysis techniques are automatically completed.

一旦本发明的优先实施例已经披露且详述如上,其它类似或相当的想法及作法的修饰就很容易被略具本行业技能的人士所理解,本发明的权利请求范围包含本实施例以及其它类似的实施例。Once the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been disclosed and described in detail above, other similar or equivalent modifications of ideas and practices can be easily understood by those with a little skill in the industry. The claims of the present invention include this embodiment and other modifications. Similar examples.

Claims (19)

1, a kind of method of building grey-tone image display text font, wherein each literal is made up of at least one stroke or figure, and each stroke or figure be the performance that is defined by edge-shadow-guide, it is characterized in that this method comprises:
(1) literal with character set is shown as grey-tone image, and wherein each literal is made up of one or more strokes or figure, and its all strokes or figure are to be stroke or the figure of representing the similar topology of a group by basic strokes collection or fundamental figure;
(2) each basic strokes of definition basic strokes collection or fundamental figure collection or figure form the performance of edge-shadow-guide;
(3) form the performance of edge-shadow-guide by stroke in each literal of parameter-definition of basic strokes collection or fundamental figure collection or figure;
(4) grey-tone image of all literal in display text and the collection;
(5) check the appearance of the grey-tone image of all literal;
(6) if having unsatisfied appearance, then resumes step (2); And
(7) step (1) just stops after the appearance of all literal is identified and accepts to the action of step (6) repeatedly.
2, the method for construction grey-tone image display text font as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, each stroke or the figure that wherein constitute the font data of character set are defined by key point, width value, unique point and curve ratio, and unique point is to determine its position by the prefabricated equation that prestores of substitution, and equational parameter is key point position and width value; The prefabricated curve ratio value that prestores determines the curve shape between adjacent two unique points.
3, the method for construction grey-tone image display text font as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, wherein step (2) comprises definition territory, shadow zone, limit in the definition of each basic strokes or figure.
4, the method for construction grey-tone image display text font as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, wherein step (2) also comprises the appointed area sign indicating number further to each territory, shadow zone, limit that is defined, to constitute the limit shadow sign indicating number of each basic strokes of definition or figure.
5, the method for construction grey-tone image display text font as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, wherein step (3) comprises each stroke or the figure of specifying identical limit shadow sign indicating number to give basic strokes or fundamental figure, in order to produce the limit shadow performance of similar stroke or figure.
6, the method of construction grey-tone image display text font as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, each stroke or the figure that wherein constitute literal font collection are with key point, width value, unique point and curve ratio value are defined, and similar stroke or figure group are by equally with key point, width value, unique point and curve ratio value add basic strokes giving definition or fundamental figure performance they, and step (2) comprises territory, shadow zone, limit is defined in the definition of basic strokes or fundamental figure, and wherein territory, shadow zone, limit also is to use key point, width value, unique point and curve ratio value add and give definition.
7, the method for construction grey-tone image display text font as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, wherein step (4) is a grey-tone image in each literal of display text collection, comprises:
(1) each pixel of occupying territory, shadow zone, limit is calculated its GTG value;
(2) to each pixel, analyze the distribution of writing of the literal image in the window arround it, select a prefabricated weight matrix that prestores to calculate the anteiso-ashing rank value of this pixel according to writing to distribute again; And
(3) show each pixel according to anteiso-ashing rank value.
8, a kind of man-machine interface instrument of computer graphical, the GTG font that is used to build character set, wherein each literal is made up of one or more strokes or figure, and each stroke or figure be the performance that is defined by edge-shadow-guide, it is characterized in that, comprises:
(1) means of the grey-tone image literal of display text collection, each word of character set is made up of one or more strokes or figure, all by one group of basic stroke or fundamental figure performance, each basic stroke or fundamental figure are represented the stroke or the figure of the similar topology of a group for all strokes or figure;
(2) expression means of each basic stroke or parent map formation edge-shadow-guide in definition basic strokes collection or the fundamental figure;
(3) each stroke or figure form the means of the performance of edge-shadow-guide in the definition literal.
9, the man-machine interface instrument of computer graphical as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that the means that wherein define each stroke or figure are to go to define automatically the performance that this similar stroke or similar fitgures become edge-shadow-guide according to the performance that each basic stroke or fundamental figure in basic stroke collection or the fundamental figure collection become edge-shadow-guide.
10, the man-machine interface instrument of computer graphical as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, each stroke or the figure that wherein constitute literal font collection are with key point, width value, unique point and curve ratio value are defined, and similar stroke or figure group are by equally with key point, width value, unique point and curve ratio value add basic strokes giving definition or fundamental figure performance they, and step (2) comprises territory, shadow zone, limit is defined in the definition of basic strokes or fundamental figure, and wherein territory, shadow zone, limit also is to use key point, width value, unique point and curve ratio value add and give definition.
11, the man-machine interface instrument of computer graphical as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, wherein define the means of the performance that each basic stroke in basic strokes collection or the fundamental figure collection or fundamental figure become edge-shadow-guide, be included in each basic stroke or the fundamental figure regularly territory, shadow zone, limit.
12, the man-machine interface instrument of computer graphical as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, shows that wherein the means of the grey-tone image of GTG character set also comprise further:
(1) each pixel of occupying territory, shadow zone, limit is calculated the means of its GTG value;
(2) to each pixel, analyze the distribution of writing of the literal image in the window arround it, select a prefabricated weight matrix that prestores to calculate the means of the anteiso-ashing rank value of this pixel according to writing to distribute again; And
(3) be worth the means that show each pixel according to anteiso-ashing rank.
13, a kind of computer readable medium device with computer executable instructions, it is characterized in that, in order to build the character set that can show grey-tone image, wherein each literal is made up of at least one stroke or figure, and each stroke or figure are the performances that is defined as edge-shadow-guide, can make computing machine go to carry out following steps in these instruction load computing machines:
(1) literal with character set is shown as grey-tone image, and wherein each literal is made up of one or more strokes or figure, and its all strokes or figure are to be stroke or the figure of representing the similar topology of a group by basic strokes collection or fundamental figure;
(2) allow the end user to go to define each basic strokes of basic strokes collection or fundamental figure collection or the performance that figure forms edge-shadow-guide;
(3) form the performance of edge-shadow-guide by stroke in each literal of parameter-definition of basic strokes collection or fundamental figure collection or figure;
(4) grey-tone image of all literal in display text and the collection.
14, the computer readable medium device with computer executable instructions as claimed in claim 13, it is characterized in that, each stroke or the figure that wherein constitute the font data of character set are defined by key point, width value, unique point and curve ratio, and unique point is to determine its position by the prefabricated equation that prestores of substitution, and equational parameter is key point position and width value; The prefabricated curve ratio value that prestores determines the curve shape between adjacent two unique points.
15, the computer readable medium device with computer executable instructions as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, wherein step (2) comprises definition territory, shadow zone, limit in the definition of each basic strokes or figure.
16, the computer readable medium device with computer executable instructions as claimed in claim 15, it is characterized in that, wherein step (2) also comprises the appointed area sign indicating number further to each territory, shadow zone, limit that is defined, to constitute the limit shadow sign indicating number of each basic strokes of definition or figure.
17, the computer readable medium device with computer executable instructions as claimed in claim 16, it is characterized in that, wherein step (3) comprises each stroke or the figure of specifying identical limit shadow sign indicating number to give basic strokes or fundamental figure, in order to produce the limit shadow performance of similar stroke or figure.
18, computer readable medium device with computer executable instructions as claimed in claim 15, it is characterized in that, each stroke or the figure that wherein constitute literal font collection are with key point, width value, unique point and curve ratio value are defined, and similar stroke or figure group are by equally with key point, width value, unique point and curve ratio value add basic strokes giving definition or fundamental figure performance they, and step (2) comprises territory, shadow zone, limit is defined in the definition of basic strokes or fundamental figure, and wherein territory, shadow zone, limit also is to use key point, width value, unique point and curve ratio value add and give definition.
19, the computer readable medium device with computer executable instructions as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, wherein step (4) is a grey-tone image in each literal of display text collection, comprises:
(1) each pixel of occupying territory, shadow zone, limit is calculated its GTG value;
(2) to each pixel, analyze the distribution of writing of the literal image in the window arround it, select a prefabricated weight matrix that prestores to calculate the anteiso-ashing rank value of this pixel according to writing to distribute again; And
(3) show each pixel according to anteiso-ashing rank value.
CN 200510103796 2005-09-23 2005-09-23 Edge-Shading Guided Grayscale Font Generation Method Pending CN1936961A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101393643B (en) * 2007-09-21 2012-01-18 华东师范大学 Computer stroke deforming system and method
CN102456231A (en) * 2010-10-19 2012-05-16 威锋数位开发股份有限公司 Method and system for converting target bitmap font into target outline font
TWI875632B (en) * 2024-07-15 2025-03-01 威鋒數位開發股份有限公司 Automatically adjusting strokes method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable storage media

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101393643B (en) * 2007-09-21 2012-01-18 华东师范大学 Computer stroke deforming system and method
CN102456231A (en) * 2010-10-19 2012-05-16 威锋数位开发股份有限公司 Method and system for converting target bitmap font into target outline font
TWI875632B (en) * 2024-07-15 2025-03-01 威鋒數位開發股份有限公司 Automatically adjusting strokes method, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable storage media

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