JP5888830B2 - バルブメタル粉末の製造法 - Google Patents
バルブメタル粉末の製造法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5888830B2 JP5888830B2 JP2007535050A JP2007535050A JP5888830B2 JP 5888830 B2 JP5888830 B2 JP 5888830B2 JP 2007535050 A JP2007535050 A JP 2007535050A JP 2007535050 A JP2007535050 A JP 2007535050A JP 5888830 B2 JP5888830 B2 JP 5888830B2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
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- H01G9/048—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by their structure
- H01G9/052—Sintered electrodes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
- B22F9/20—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from solid metal compounds
- B22F9/22—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from solid metal compounds using gaseous reductors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
- C22B34/1204—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 preliminary treatment of ores or scrap to eliminate non- titanium constituents, e.g. iron, without attacking the titanium constituent
- C22B34/1209—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 preliminary treatment of ores or scrap to eliminate non- titanium constituents, e.g. iron, without attacking the titanium constituent by dry processes, e.g. with selective chlorination of iron or with formation of a titanium bearing slag
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/20—Obtaining niobium, tantalum or vanadium
- C22B34/24—Obtaining niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B4/00—Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys
- C22B4/08—Apparatus
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/10—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by solid carbonaceous reducing agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/12—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by gases
- C22B5/14—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by gases fluidised material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/18—Reducing step-by-step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/05—Refining by treating with gases, e.g. gas flushing also refining by means of a material generating gas in situ
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
C=(F・ε)/(d・VF)
〔式中、Fは、コンデンサの表面積を表わし、εは、誘電定数を表わし、dは、化成電圧1V当たりの絶縁層の厚さを表わし、VFは、化成電圧を表わす〕により算出される。五酸化タンタルのための誘電定数εは、27であり、化成電圧1ボルト当たりの層の厚さdの成長は、18Å/Vである。金属と五酸化物との厚さの差のために、五酸化物層は、化成の際に約1/3が元来の金属構造体内に入り込んで成長し、2/3がこの金属構造体上で成長する。成長する五酸化物層によって、細孔が縮小化ないし閉塞までを生じるか、或いはカソードがもはや形成され得ないような閉鎖された細孔が形成される。即ち、活性のコンデンサ表面積の損失を生じる。化成電圧が高ければ高いほど、即ち五酸化物層の厚さが厚ければ厚いほど、損失は、ますます大きくなる。理想的には、アノード構造体の最小細孔および入口断面積は、選択された化成電圧に対して形成される五酸化物層の厚さの数倍より大きい。
この場合D10、D50およびD90は、粒度分布の10質量百分位数、50質量百分位数(メジアン)または90質量百分位数で記載され、比容量は、10Vの化成電圧で280000μFV/g〜340000μFV/gまたは16Vの化成電圧で230000μFV/g〜280000μFV/gである。残留電流は、0.4nA/μFV〜0.65nA/μFV(10Vの化成電圧)、または0.4nA/μFV〜0.5nA/μFV(16Vの化成電圧)である。
A)五酸化タンタルの還元
実施例1〜9(一次粉末1〜9)には、ASTM B 822(機器Malvem社 マスターサイザー(MasterSizer) Sμ)により測定された、17.8μmのDIO値、34.9μmおよび71.3μmのD90値および0.14m2/gのASTM D 3663により測定された比表面積(BET)に相当する粒度分布を有する微粒状の部分焼結された出発五酸化タンタルを使用する。粉末の個々の粒子は、高度に多孔質であり、ほぼ球面形状を有する。REM(走査電子顕微鏡)撮影から、この粒子は、2.4μm(REM(走査電子顕微鏡)撮影から目視的に測定した)の平均直径を有するほぼ球状の一次粒子の強く焼結された凝集塊からなることを確認することができる。図2は、出発五酸化物層のREM(走査電子顕微鏡)撮影図を示す。実施例10〜12(一次粉末10〜12)では、不規則な形状およびD10=32.4μm、D50=138.7μmおよびD90=264.8μmによって特性決定された粒度分布を有する相応する材料から出発される。比表面積は、0.12m2/gである。出発五酸化タンタルを、1.1倍の化学量論的量(五酸化物の酸素含量に対して)のマグネシウムを含むるつぼの上方でタンタル薄板で被覆された反応器中のタンタル線材からなる網状物上に供給する。この反応器を炉によって加熱する。マグネシウムを含むるつぼの下方で反応器には、ガス入口開口が存在し、ならびに五酸化タンタル堆積物の上方でガス取出し開口が存在する。炉のガス内圧は、炉壁を貫通するスタブケーブルにより測定されることができる。保護ガスとしては、ゆっくりと炉を貫流するアルゴンが使用される。還元温度に加熱を開始する前に、反応器をアルゴンで洗浄する。還元温度の達成前に、アルゴン圧力を還元のために調節する。反応の終結および反応器の冷却の後に、徐々に空気を反応器中に供給し、金属粉末を溶解損失に抗するように不動態化する。形成された酸化マグネシウムを硫酸および引続く脱塩水での洗浄によって中和するまで除去する。第1表は、実施例1〜12の冷却後および不動態化後に得られる一次粉末の還元条件および性質を示す。"マスターサイザー(Mastersizer) D10、D50、D90"の値は、ASTM B 822により測定されている。右側の欄には、比表面積に対する還元されたタンタルの酸素含量が記載されており、即ちppmでの酸素含量とBETにより測定された比表面積との商が記載されている。約3000ppm/(m2/g)の表面酸素含量は、必要である。それというのも、さもなければタンタル粉末は、発火性であるし、周囲空気との接触で燃え尽きてしまうからである。
実施例1〜12の一次粉末を燐酸水素アンモニウム溶液で含浸し、乾燥し、したがって150ppmの燐ドーピングを生じた。引続き、この粉末をるつぼ中で水平方向の反応管に導入した。粉末を含むるつぼと若干の距離をおいて、粉末の酸素含量に対して1,2倍の化学量論的量のマグネシウムを有するるつぼを反応管中に導入した。このるつぼを反応管の外側に配置された別個のヒーターによって加熱してよい。この反応管を、マグネシウムを含むるつぼの前方に設けられたガス入口管を用いてアルゴン保護ガスで洗浄し、この場合このアルゴン保護ガスは、タンタル粉末を含むるつぼの後方で取り出される。この反応器を、粉末を含むるつぼの範囲内で第2表中に記載された粉末温度に加熱し、ガス圧を、相応する調節弁を用いて第2表中に記載のガス圧に調節する。
Claims (8)
- バルブメタル粉末を、還元性金属若しくはその水素化物、又はそれらの両方を用いて不活性のキャリヤーガスの下で脱酸素する方法において、脱酸素を、脱酸素すべきバルブメタル粉末を液状の還元性金属又は金属水素化物との接触なしに、680〜880℃の脱酸素温度で、50〜500hPaの圧力の不活性のキャリヤーガス下で、かつ5〜110hPaの還元性金属又は金属水素化物の蒸気部分圧で実施した後、冷却して100℃以下の温度の達成時に空気を徐々に導入して脱酸素されたバルブメタル粉末を不動態化し、その際、BETによる前記粉末の比表面積が脱酸素中に二分の一未満だけ減少し、脱酸素すべきバルブメタル粉末は4〜20m 2 /gのBETによる比表面積を有し、かつバルブメタル粉末としてタンタル粉末を使用することを特徴とする、前記方法。
- 還元性金属が、アルミニウム、マグネシウム、カルシウム、バリウムおよびランタンから選択される、請求項1記載の方法。
- 還元性金属又は金属水素化物の蒸気圧が100hPa未満である、請求項1または2記載の方法。
- 還元性金属の蒸気圧が30〜80hPaである、請求項1から3までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 還元性金属として、マグネシウム若しくは水素化マグネシウム又はそれらの両方を使用する、請求項1から4までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 脱酸素を不活性のキャリヤーガスの下で100〜450hPaの圧力で実施する、請求項1から5までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 電解質コンデンサのためのタンタル粉末を製造する請求項1から6までのいずれか1項に記載の方法において、4〜20m2/gの比表面積を有するタンタル一次粉末を、5〜110hPaのマグネシウム蒸気圧でのマグネシウム蒸気を用いて液状マグネシウムとの接触なしに脱酸素に掛けることを特徴とする、電解質コンデンサのためのタンタル粉末を製造する請求項1から6までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 電解質コンデンサのためのタンタル粉末を製造する請求項1から6までのいずれか1項に記載の方法において、酸化タンタルの還元によって得られた、4〜20m2/gの比表面積を有するタンタル一次粉末を、5〜110hPaのマグネシウム蒸気圧でのマグネシウム蒸気を用いて液状マグネシウムとの接触なしに前記脱酸素に掛けることを特徴とする、電解質コンデンサのためのタンタル粉末を製造する請求項1から6までのいずれか1項に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102004049039A DE102004049039B4 (de) | 2004-10-08 | 2004-10-08 | Verfahren zur Herstellung feinteiliger Ventilmetallpulver |
| DE102004049039.2 | 2004-10-08 | ||
| PCT/EP2005/010362 WO2006039999A1 (de) | 2004-10-08 | 2005-09-24 | Verfahren zur herstellung von ventilmetallpulvern |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014011157A Division JP6147200B2 (ja) | 2004-10-08 | 2014-01-24 | タンタル粉末 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2008516082A JP2008516082A (ja) | 2008-05-15 |
| JP2008516082A5 JP2008516082A5 (ja) | 2012-03-22 |
| JP5888830B2 true JP5888830B2 (ja) | 2016-03-22 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007535050A Expired - Lifetime JP5888830B2 (ja) | 2004-10-08 | 2005-09-24 | バルブメタル粉末の製造法 |
| JP2014011157A Expired - Lifetime JP6147200B2 (ja) | 2004-10-08 | 2014-01-24 | タンタル粉末 |
| JP2017059071A Pending JP2017150081A (ja) | 2004-10-08 | 2017-03-24 | バルブメタル粉末 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014011157A Expired - Lifetime JP6147200B2 (ja) | 2004-10-08 | 2014-01-24 | タンタル粉末 |
| JP2017059071A Pending JP2017150081A (ja) | 2004-10-08 | 2017-03-24 | バルブメタル粉末 |
Country Status (16)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US10032564B2 (ja) |
| EP (2) | EP2292355B1 (ja) |
| JP (3) | JP5888830B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR101311146B1 (ja) |
| CN (2) | CN101039769B (ja) |
| AP (1) | AP2027A (ja) |
| AU (2) | AU2005293876B2 (ja) |
| BR (2) | BRPI0518166B1 (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE102004049039B4 (ja) |
| IL (1) | IL182221A0 (ja) |
| MX (1) | MX2007003961A (ja) |
| PT (1) | PT1802412E (ja) |
| RU (1) | RU2405659C2 (ja) |
| TW (2) | TWI523712B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2006039999A1 (ja) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200702886B (ja) |
Families Citing this family (31)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE112007001100T5 (de) * | 2006-05-05 | 2009-05-14 | Cabot Corp., Boston | Tantalpulver mit glatter Oberfläche und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben |
| BRPI0715961A2 (pt) * | 2006-08-16 | 2013-08-06 | Starck H C Gmbh | produtos semiacabados com uma superfÍcie ativa sinterizada estruturada e um processo para sua produÇço |
| NZ547606A (en) * | 2006-11-30 | 2009-04-30 | Waikatolink Ltd | A method for purification of metal based alloy and intermetallic powders or particles comprising introducing calcium vapour |
| US7914846B2 (en) * | 2008-04-17 | 2011-03-29 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Method for encapsulating reactive metal hydrides |
| KR101004778B1 (ko) * | 2008-05-21 | 2011-01-04 | 순천대학교 산학협력단 | 산화철 분말의 환원방법 및 이를 적용한 순환 유동층환원장치 |
| CN101574741B (zh) * | 2009-06-25 | 2011-05-18 | 宁夏东方钽业股份有限公司 | 电容器用钽粉的制备方法 |
| CN101792857B (zh) * | 2010-04-13 | 2012-11-21 | 李柏荣 | 一种从矿物中提炼金属的工艺 |
| JP5697940B2 (ja) * | 2010-10-20 | 2015-04-08 | グローバルアドバンストメタルジャパン株式会社 | タンタル粉体、その製造方法および脱酸素方法 |
| CN102120258B (zh) * | 2011-02-14 | 2012-12-26 | 宁夏东方钽业股份有限公司 | 钽粉的热处理方法 |
| KR101135159B1 (ko) * | 2011-11-18 | 2012-04-16 | 한국지질자원연구원 | 저산소 티타늄 분말 제조 방법 |
| KR101135160B1 (ko) * | 2011-11-18 | 2012-04-16 | 한국지질자원연구원 | 저산소 티타늄 분말 제조용 탈산 장치 |
| KR101259434B1 (ko) * | 2012-07-27 | 2013-04-30 | 한국지질자원연구원 | 티타늄 합금 스크랩으로부터 저산소 합금 분말의 제조 방법 |
| KR102009762B1 (ko) * | 2012-11-30 | 2019-08-12 | 엘지이노텍 주식회사 | 탄화규소 분말, 탄화규소 분말의 제조 방법 및 장치 |
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| CN103084568B (zh) * | 2012-12-05 | 2014-12-03 | 江门富祥电子材料有限公司 | 具有冷却器的钽粉镁还原降氧装置及钽粉镁还原降氧方法 |
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