JP6223828B2 - モノリシックに集積した量子ドット装置を有する半導体チップキャリア及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
モノリシックに集積した量子ドット装置を有する半導体チップキャリア及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6223828B2 JP6223828B2 JP2013537841A JP2013537841A JP6223828B2 JP 6223828 B2 JP6223828 B2 JP 6223828B2 JP 2013537841 A JP2013537841 A JP 2013537841A JP 2013537841 A JP2013537841 A JP 2013537841A JP 6223828 B2 JP6223828 B2 JP 6223828B2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
- H01L21/02521—Materials
- H01L21/02524—Group 14 semiconducting materials
- H01L21/02532—Silicon, silicon germanium, germanium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
- H01L21/02521—Materials
- H01L21/02524—Group 14 semiconducting materials
- H01L21/02535—Group 14 semiconducting materials including tin
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
- H01L21/02587—Structure
- H01L21/0259—Microstructure
- H01L21/02592—Microstructure amorphous
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
- H01L21/02587—Structure
- H01L21/0259—Microstructure
- H01L21/02595—Microstructure polycrystalline
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02612—Formation types
- H01L21/02617—Deposition types
- H01L21/02623—Liquid deposition
- H01L21/02628—Liquid deposition using solutions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02656—Special treatments
- H01L21/02664—Aftertreatments
- H01L21/02667—Crystallisation or recrystallisation of non-monocrystalline semiconductor materials, e.g. regrowth
- H01L21/02672—Crystallisation or recrystallisation of non-monocrystalline semiconductor materials, e.g. regrowth using crystallisation enhancing elements
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- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D12/00—Bipolar devices controlled by the field effect, e.g. insulated-gate bipolar transistors [IGBT]
- H10D12/411—Insulated-gate bipolar transistors [IGBT]
- H10D12/441—Vertical IGBTs
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- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D30/00—Field-effect transistors [FET]
- H10D30/60—Insulated-gate field-effect transistors [IGFET]
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- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/10—Shapes, relative sizes or dispositions of the regions of the semiconductor bodies; Shapes of the semiconductor bodies
- H10D62/117—Shapes of semiconductor bodies
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- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
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Description
本出願は、2010年11月3日に出願された「完全集積型シリコンキャリアにおける量子ドット電界効果トランジスタ及びその製造方法」と題する米国仮特許出願第61/409,846号の優先権を主張するものである。
T.J.Phillips等(US7173292)、(以後、Phillips‘292)は、逃走電流(アバランシェ降伏)を教示する。量子井戸電界効果トランジスタ(QWFET)を形成することによって、軽減されるか又は実質的に排除される狭いバンドギャップ半導体物質に適用される変調ドープ電界効果トランジスタ(MODFET)又は高電子モビリティ(HEMT)トランジスタ内の衝突イオン化によって当該逃走電流が引き起こされる。量子井戸FETは、1又は複数の広いバンドギャップの半導体を備える多層構造からなる(図1及び2参照)。図1は、QWFET1の垂直断面を示し、当該QWFET1は、2つの広いバンドギャップ半導体層3、4の間に組み込まれた量子井戸領域2を備える。量子井戸領域2は、複数の異なる半導体層5、6、7からなる。中央層6は、半導体物質5、6によって境界される第1伝導チャネルを形成する。該半導体物質5、6は、広いバンドギャップ半導体層3、4のバンドギャップ24、25よりも小さいが、第1伝導チャネル6を形成する層内に使用される半導体物質のバンドギャップ23よりも大きい半導体バンドギャップ21、22を有する第2伝導チャネルを形成する。図2は、図1のX−X’で定められる断面視で示された積層半導体構造の代表的なエネルギーバンドギャップダイアグラム20を示す。
本明細書において、「能動コンポーネント(active component)」という用語は、動作するための電力を必要としかつ電力利得を生み出すことができる電気回路の一素子としてのその従来の定義を指すものと理解される。
を含む三次元多結晶半導体物質を提供する。
qφB=q(φm−χ) 式(1)
qは電子電荷であり、φmは金属仕事関数であり、且つ、χは半導体電子親和力である。量子化エネルギー準位138内に注入され、且つ含有された伝導電子は、フェムト秒の通過速度で接合バリア(φB)をトンネル(tunnel)する。これにより、これら物質が電界効果トランジスタ構造内に構成されたとき、非常に速い半導体スイッチング速度を可能とする。薄型金属粒界物質124は、ほとんどの応用で望ましくない漏れ電流を引き起こすので、FETスイッチ装置には制限的である。したがって、図5Bに示すとおり、半導体粒122を包囲する電気的に絶縁又は半絶縁/半導体粒界物質126を有する多結晶半導体121を形成することが好ましい。絶縁粒界物質126及び半導体粒122の間の階段接合(abrupt junction)は、特徴的に異なる量子井戸構造を形成する。図6Bは、D−D’、E−E’、F−F’(図5B)の断面のいずれかに沿って観察される3D電子ガスのエネルギーバンドダイアグラム140を示している。これは、1nmから10nmの範囲、好ましくは2〜5nmの範囲の厚みを有する絶縁粒界物質126によって20〜50nmの多結晶半導体粒122が包囲されるときに、形成された接合によって構成される。あるいは、代替的に、粒122及び粒界物質126間のヘテロ接合を形成するように、絶縁体はより広いバンドギャップの半導体であってもよい。絶縁体−半導体界面141A、141B、141C、141Dは、絶縁粒界144A、144B及び半導体粒145A、145B、145C内のフェルミ準位143の平衡を通して接合バリア142A、142Bを形成する。半導体及び絶縁体領域の間の伝導バンド端146A及び価電子バンド(価電子帯)端146Bのオフセットが、3D電子ガスを形成するように、伝導バンド149内の電子エネルギー準位148を量子化する半導体粒145A、145B、145C内にエネルギー井戸147A、147B、147Cを形成する。同様の量子化が、半導体粒147A、147B、147Cの価電子バンド151内の正孔エネルギー準位において起こる。半導体物質が多結晶であるので、電荷キャリアは、非常に短い平均自由行程(20〜50nm)を有し、且つ、弾道導電電流が衝突イオン化を発生させるのに必要な高速度に達しない。さらに、フェムト秒の通過(transit)時間を有するトンネル電流が、多結晶半導体物質内の量子井戸間の導電メカニズムを支配する。これら運搬工程は、速いスイッチング速度を可能にすると共にアバランシェ降伏のリスクを軽減して、弾道電子が生じることなく、且つ、固定全体に分配された量子エネルギー井戸が結晶格子内の原子を伝導電子から有効に遮断する。粒がほぼ球状であると共に、電子が全方位にトンネル可能な三次元量子エネルギー井戸内に電子をトラップ(捕捉)することにより、3D電子(正孔)ガスが形成される。
Claims (20)
- その物質本体内の3物理次元全体に沿って10.6nmよりも大きい距離を超えて機能する量子井戸の自由電子ガス特性を形成し、粒状量子井戸の均一な三次元アセンブリを備える三次元多結晶半導体物質であって、各粒状量子井戸は、
50nm以下の公称最大粒径を有するとともに前記粒状量子井戸内全体に亘って原子スケールの化学均一性を有する個々の結晶粒を形成する半導体主要成分と、
前記粒状量子井戸内の前記主要成分を包囲し、隣接する結晶粒内の前記半導体主要成分間にエネルギーの粒界を形成する副成分と、
を含み、
前記粒界を形成する副成分は、金属ハロゲン化物からなる絶縁、半絶縁又は半導体物質であり、前記金属ハロゲン化物は、周期表の第1(I)族からのアルカリ元素若しくは第2(II)族のアルカリ土類元素、又は、アルカリ若しくはアルカリ土類金属と同様の化学特性を有する遷移金属、及び、周期表の第7(VII)族から選択されたハロゲン元素を含み、
前記三次元の粒状量子井戸のアセンブリは、多結晶半導体物質を形成し、均一なナノスケールの微細構造及び粒サイズを有することを特徴とする三次元多結晶半導体物質。 - 前記副成分のモル濃度が、前記多結晶物質の0.0001mol%から0.75mol%の間であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の物質。
- 前記結晶粒を含む主要成分は、シリコン、ゲルマニウム、スズ又はそれらの混合であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の物質。
- 前記絶縁又は半絶縁物質は、前記多結晶粒を含む半導体物質のバンドギャップよりも大きいエネルギーバンドギャップを有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の物質。
- 前記結晶粒を備える主要成分は、III−V化合物半導体物質であり、且つ、前記境界を形成する副成分は、金属ハロゲン化物からなる絶縁、半絶縁又は半導体物質であり、前記金属ハロゲン化物は、第1(I)族からのアルカリ元素、又は、アルカリ金属と同様の化学特性を有する遷移金属、及び、周期表の第7(VII)族から選択されたハロゲン元素を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の物質。
- 前記結晶粒の主要成分は、II−VI化合物半導体であり、且つ、前記境界を形成する副成分は、シリコン、炭化ケイ素、ゲルマニウム、スズ又はそれらの混合であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の物質。
- 前記多結晶半導体物質によって形成された自由電子ガスは、全ての方向において50nmよりも大きい距離に及ぶことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の物質。
- 前記多結晶物質は、能動装置にモノリシックに集積されていることを特徴とすることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の物質。
- 前記能動装置は、電界効果トランジスタ、光電装置又は光子装置であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の物質。
- 半導体キャリアであって、
当該半導体キャリアにモノリシックに集積される多結晶半導体層を含む能動装置を備え、
前記多結晶半導体層は、粒状量子井戸の均一なアセンブリを備え、
前記粒状量子井戸は、原子スケールの化学的均一性を有し、且つ、エネルギーバリアを形成するとともに2nmから10nm厚である副成分の粒界物質によって包囲される20nmから50nmの範囲の最大物理寸法を有する半導体主要成分の粒をさらに備え、
前記粒状量子井戸内の量子サイズ効果が、前記多結晶半導体層の全空間方向に亘って量子井戸の自由電子ガス特性を誘導し、
前記粒を含む半導体主要成分は、III−V化合物半導体物質であり、且つ、前記粒界物質を形成する副成分は、金属ハロゲン化物からなる絶縁、半絶縁又は半導体物質であり、前記金属ハロゲン化物は、第1(I)族からのアルカリ元素、又は、アルカリ金属と同様の化学特性を有する遷移金属、及び、周期表の第7(VII)族から選択されたハロゲン元素を含むことを特徴とする半導体キャリア。 - 前記能動装置は、電界効果トランジスタ、光電装置又は光子装置であることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の半導体キャリア。
- 前記能動装置は、その表面にモノリシックに集積された受動ネットワーク回路を有する出力管理モジュールを備えることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の半導体キャリア。
- 前記能動装置は、前記キャリア表面に搭載された半導体ダイを備えることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の半導体キャリア。
- 当該半導体キャリアは、半導体基板を備え、前記半導体基板は、前記キャリア基板内に集積された能動回路、及び、前記キャリア基板上にモノリシックに集積された受動ネットワーク回路を有することを特徴とする請求項10に記載の半導体キャリア。
- 2nmから10nm厚である粒界物質によって包囲される20nmから50nmの範囲の最大物理寸法を有する半導体多結晶粒を含むナノスケールの多結晶アセンブリから構成された半導体層を製造する方法であって、前記多結晶粒内の量子サイズ効果が、量子井戸の自由電子ガス特性を誘導し、
当該製造方法は、
元素半導体又は所望の化合物半導体化学量論からなる主要相の多結晶粒を形成するために適切な化学量論比を有する低揮発性液体有機金属前駆体の溶液を形成するステップと、
前記主要相の多結晶粒の粒界に、絶縁、半絶縁又は半導体第2層物質を形成するために適切な化学量論比を有する、0.0001mol%から0.5mol%の範囲の濃度で前記溶液にドーパントを加えるステップと、
前記多結晶粒内に必要な濃度の前記主要相の多結晶粒の、前記ドーパントの前駆体を前記溶液に加えるステップと、
前記半導体層が形成される基板を250℃から500℃の範囲の温度に加熱するステップと、
原子スケールで化学的に均一である化学量論的精度を有するアモルファス堆積物を形成するように、不活性又は還元ガス雰囲気中で前記基板上で不揮発性有機金属前駆体を同時に分解するステップと、
前記堆積物から有機残渣物を除去するように前記アモルファス堆積物をベークするステップと、
最小で5秒間、イオン化アルゴンプラズマ内で、40℃と400℃の間の基板温度、且つ、1500mTorrから5000mTorrの範囲の圧力で、50Wから300Wの適用電力を使用して前記ベークした堆積物をアニーリングするステップと、
前記イオン化アルゴンプラズマに窒素、及び/又は、二酸化炭素及び一酸化炭素の還元分圧比を選択的に加えるステップと、を含むことを特徴とする製造方法。 - 前記多結晶粒を含む半導体物質は、シリコン、ゲルマニウム、スズ又はこれらの任意の混合であることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の製造方法。
- 前記粒界物質は、金属ハロゲン化物からなる絶縁体、半絶縁体又は半導体物質であり、前記金属ハロゲン化物は、周期表の第1(I)族からのアルカリ元素若しくは第2(II)族のアルカリ土類元素、又は、アルカリ若しくはアルカリ土類金属と同様の化学特性を有する遷移金属、及び、周期表の第7(VII)族から選択されたハロゲン元素を含むことを特徴とする請求項16に記載の製造方法。
- 前記絶縁又は半絶縁物質は、前記多結晶粒を含む半導体物質のバンドギャップよりも大きいエネルギーバンドギャップを有することを特徴とする請求項17に記載の製造方法。
- 前記多結晶粒を含む半導体物質は、III−V化合物半導体物質であり、且つ、前記境界物質は、金属ハロゲン化物からなる絶縁、半絶縁又は半導体物質であり、前記金属ハロゲン化物は、第1(I)族からのアルカリ元素、又は、アルカリ金属と同様の化学特性を有する遷移金属、及び、周期表の第7(VII)族から選択されたハロゲン元素を含むことを特徴とする請求項15に記載の製造方法。
- 前記多結晶粒を含む半導体物質は、II−VI化合物半導体であり、且つ、前記粒界物質は、シリコン、炭化ケイ素、ゲルマニウム、スズ又はそれらの混合であることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の製造方法。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| US40984610P | 2010-11-03 | 2010-11-03 | |
| US61/409,846 | 2010-11-03 | ||
| PCT/US2011/059236 WO2012061656A2 (en) | 2010-11-03 | 2011-11-03 | Semiconductor chip carriers with monolithically integrated quantum dot devices and method of manufacture thereof |
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| JP2017198534A Expired - Fee Related JP6567626B2 (ja) | 2010-11-03 | 2017-10-12 | モノリシックに集積した量子ドット装置を有する半導体チップキャリア及びその製造方法 |
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| WO2012061656A2 (en) | 2012-05-10 |
| JP2014502417A (ja) | 2014-01-30 |
| US20150372091A1 (en) | 2015-12-24 |
| EP2636069A4 (en) | 2017-06-14 |
| US20170229302A1 (en) | 2017-08-10 |
| JP6567626B2 (ja) | 2019-08-28 |
| CN103415925A (zh) | 2013-11-27 |
| EP2636069A2 (en) | 2013-09-11 |
| WO2012061656A3 (en) | 2013-08-15 |
| US9123768B2 (en) | 2015-09-01 |
| JP2018041970A (ja) | 2018-03-15 |
| US10777409B2 (en) | 2020-09-15 |
| EP2636069B1 (en) | 2021-07-07 |
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