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US8789363B2 - Emission abatement assembly having a mixing baffle and associated method - Google Patents

Emission abatement assembly having a mixing baffle and associated method Download PDF

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Publication number
US8789363B2
US8789363B2 US11/762,461 US76246107A US8789363B2 US 8789363 B2 US8789363 B2 US 8789363B2 US 76246107 A US76246107 A US 76246107A US 8789363 B2 US8789363 B2 US 8789363B2
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
flow
combustion chamber
collector plate
fuel
combustion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active, expires
Application number
US11/762,461
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English (en)
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US20080307780A1 (en
Inventor
Robert J. Iverson
John B. Abel
Navin Khadiya
John P. Nohl
Geoff Morgan
Wilbur H. Crawley
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies USA LLC
Original Assignee
Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies USA LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to US11/762,461 priority Critical patent/US8789363B2/en
Application filed by Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies USA LLC filed Critical Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies USA LLC
Assigned to ET US HOLDINGS, LLC reassignment ET US HOLDINGS, LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: IVERSON, ROBERT J., MR., CRAWLEY, WILBUR H., MR., KHADIYA, NAVIN, ABEL, JOHN B., MR., NOHL, JOHN P., MR., MORGAN, GEOFF, MR.
Priority to KR1020097024542A priority patent/KR101176269B1/ko
Priority to CN2008800193933A priority patent/CN101680652B/zh
Priority to JP2010508638A priority patent/JP5033912B2/ja
Priority to EP08769962.5A priority patent/EP2153126B1/fr
Priority to PCT/US2008/065502 priority patent/WO2008157015A1/fr
Publication of US20080307780A1 publication Critical patent/US20080307780A1/en
Assigned to FAURECIA EMISSIONS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, USA, LLC reassignment FAURECIA EMISSIONS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, USA, LLC CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: EMCON TECHNOLOGIES LLC
Assigned to EMCON TECHNOLOGIES LLC reassignment EMCON TECHNOLOGIES LLC CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ET US HOLDINGS LLC
Priority to US14/307,770 priority patent/US9328640B2/en
Publication of US8789363B2 publication Critical patent/US8789363B2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Active legal-status Critical Current
Adjusted expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/14—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a fuel burner
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to diesel emission abatement devices.
  • Untreated internal combustion engine emissions include various effluents such as NO X , hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide, for example.
  • untreated emissions from certain types of internal combustion engines, such as diesel engines also include particulate carbon-based matter or “soot”.
  • Federal regulations relating to soot emission standards are becoming more and more rigid thereby furthering the need for devices and/or methods which remove soot from engine emissions.
  • the amount of soot released by an engine system can be reduced by the use of an emission abatement device such as a filter or trap.
  • a filter or trap is periodically regenerated in order to remove the soot therefrom.
  • the filter or trap may be regenerated by use of a fuel-fired burner to burn the soot trapped in the filter.
  • the fuel-fired burner generates heat which is transferred to the downstream filter to burn the soot trapped in the filter. Poor temperature distribution of the generated heat can cause some regions of the filter to be hotter than desired, and other regions to be colder than desired. In the regions that are hotter than desired, the filter can potentially be damaged, whereas the colder regions may not be regenerated.
  • an emission abatement assembly includes a fuel-fired burner having a combustion chamber and a particulate filter positioned downstream of the fuel-fired burner.
  • a mixing baffle is positioned between the fuel-fired burner and the particulate filter.
  • an emission abatement assembly includes a particulate filter and a fuel-fired burner positioned upstream of the particulate filter.
  • the fuel-fired burner includes a housing having an exhaust gas inlet port.
  • the fuel-fired burner also includes a combustion chamber having a shroud secured thereto. The combustion chamber and the shroud cooperate to separate a flow of exhaust gas entering the housing through the exhaust gas inlet port into a combustion flow which is advanced through the combustion chamber of the fuel-fired burner, and a bypass flow which is bypassed around the combustion chamber of the fuel-fired burner.
  • the fuel-fired burner also includes a mixing baffle positioned downstream of the combustion chamber and upstream of the particulate filter. The mixing baffle is configured to mix the combustion flow and the bypass flow.
  • an emission abatement assembly includes a fuel-fired burner having a combustion chamber and a particulate filter positioned downstream of the fuel-fired burner.
  • the assembly also includes a mixing baffle having a collector plate with a hole defined therein, a perforated ring secured to the collector plate, and a diverter plate secured to the perforated ring.
  • the mixing plate is positioned between the fuel-fired burner and the particulate filter such that both a flow of exhaust gas advancing through the combustion chamber and a flow of exhaust gas bypassing the combustion chamber are advanced through the hole in the collector plate.
  • a method of operating a fuel-fired burner of an emission abatement assembly includes advancing a flow of exhaust gas into a housing of the fuel-fired burner. The method also includes separating the flow of exhaust gas into a combustion flow which is advanced through a combustion chamber of the fuel-fired burner, and a bypass flow which is bypassed around the combustion chamber of the fuel-fired burner. The method also includes directing the combustion flow and the bypass flow radially outwardly with a flow mixer located downstream of the combustion chamber.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an emission abatement assembly
  • FIG. 2 is an elevational view of the end of the emission abatement assembly as viewed in the direction of the arrows of line 2 - 2 of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of the emission abatement assembly of FIG. 1 taken along the line 3 - 3 of FIG. 2 , as viewed in the direction of the arrows, note that the filter housing and the collector housing are not shown in cross section for clarity of description;
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross sectional view of the fuel-fired burner of the emission abatement assembly of FIG. 3 ;
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross sectional view of the mixing baffle of the fuel-fired burner of FIGS. 1-4 .
  • an emission abatement assembly 10 has a fuel-fired burner 12 and a particulate filter 14 .
  • the fuel-fired burner 12 is positioned upstream (relative to exhaust gas flow from the engine) of the particulate filter 14 .
  • exhaust gas flows through the particulate filter 14 thereby trapping soot in the filter.
  • Treated exhaust gas is released into the atmosphere through an exhaust pipe coupled to the outlet of the emission abatement.
  • the fuel-fired burner 12 is operated to regenerate the particulate filter 14 .
  • the fuel-fired burner 12 includes a housing 16 having a combustion chamber 18 positioned therein.
  • the housing 16 includes an exhaust gas inlet port 20 .
  • the exhaust gas inlet port 20 is secured an exhaust pipe (not shown) which conducts exhaust gas from a diesel engine (not shown). As such, exhaust gas from the diesel engine enters the emission abatement assembly 10 through the exhaust gas inlet port 20 .
  • the combustion chamber 18 has a number of gas inlet openings 22 defined therein.
  • Engine exhaust gas is permitted to flow into the combustion chamber 18 through the inlet openings 22 .
  • a flame present inside the combustion chamber 18 is protected from the full engine exhaust gas flow, while controlled amounts of engine exhaust gas are permitted to enter the combustion chamber 18 to provide oxygen to facilitate combustion of the fuel supplied to the burner 12 .
  • Exhaust gas not entering the combustion chamber 18 is directed through a number of openings 24 defined in a shroud 26 .
  • the fuel-fired burner 12 includes an electrode assembly having a pair of electrodes 28 , 30 .
  • a spark is generated in the gap 32 between the electrodes 28 , 30 .
  • the fuel entering the nozzle 34 is generally in the form of a controlled air/fuel mixture.
  • the fuel-fired burner 12 also includes a combustion air inlet 36 .
  • An air pump, or other pressurized air source such as the vehicle's turbocharger or air brake system, generates a flow of pressurized air which is advanced to the combustion air inlet 36 .
  • a flow of air is introduced into the fuel-fired burner 12 through the combustion air inlet 36 to provide oxygen (in addition to oxygen present in the exhaust gas) to sustain combustion of the fuel.
  • the particulate filter 14 is positioned downstream from the outlet 40 of the housing 16 of the fuel-fired burner 12 (relative to exhaust gas flow).
  • the particulate filter 14 includes a filter substrate 42 .
  • the substrate 42 is positioned in a housing 44 .
  • the filter housing 44 is secured to the burner housing 16 .
  • gas exiting the burner housing 16 is directed into the filter housing 44 and through the substrate 42 .
  • the particulate filter 14 may be any type of commercially available particulate filter.
  • the particulate filter 14 may be embodied as any known exhaust particulate filter such as a “deep bed” or “wall flow” filter.
  • Deep bed filters may be embodied as metallic mesh filters, metallic or ceramic foam filters, ceramic fiber mesh filters, and the like.
  • Wall flow filters may be embodied as a cordierite or silicon carbide ceramic filter with alternating channels plugged at the front and rear of the filter thereby forcing the gas advancing therethrough into one channel, through the walls, and out another channel.
  • the filter substrate 42 may be impregnated with a catalytic material such as, for example, a precious metal catalytic material.
  • the catalytic material may be, for example, embodied as platinum, rhodium, palladium, including combinations thereof, along with any other similar catalytic materials. Use of a catalytic material lowers the temperature needed to ignite trapped soot particles.
  • the filter housing 44 is secured to a housing 46 of a collector 48 .
  • an outlet 50 of the filter housing 44 is secured to an inlet 52 of the collector housing 46 .
  • processed exhaust gas exiting the filter substrate 42 (and hence the filter housing 44 ) is advanced into the collector 48 .
  • the processed exhaust gas is then advanced into the exhaust pipe (not shown) and hence released to the atmosphere through a gas outlet 54 .
  • the gas outlet 54 may be coupled to the inlet (or a pipe coupled to the inlet) of a subsequent emission abatement device (not shown) if the engine's exhaust system is equipped with such a device.
  • a mixing baffle 56 is positioned in the burner housing 16 .
  • the mixing baffle 56 is positioned between the shroud 26 and the outlet 40 of the burner housing 16 .
  • the mixing baffle 56 includes a domed diverter plate 58 , a perforated annular ring 60 , and a collector plate 62 .
  • the collector plate 62 is welded or otherwise secured to the inner surface of the burner housing 16 .
  • the collector plate 62 has a hole 64 in the center thereof.
  • the perforated annular ring 60 is welded or otherwise secured to the collector plate 62 .
  • the inner diameter of the annular ring 60 is larger than the diameter of the hole 64 .
  • the annular ring 60 surrounds the hole 64 of the collector plate 62 .
  • the diverter plate 58 is welded or otherwise secured to the end of the annular ring 60 opposite to the end that is secured to the collector plate 62 .
  • the diverter plate 58 is solid (i.e., it does not have holes or openings formed therein), and, as such, functions to block the flow of exhaust gas linearly through the mixing baffle 56 . Instead, the diverter plate 58 diverts the flow of exhaust gas radially outwardly.
  • the mixing baffle 56 functions to mix the hot flow of exhaust gas directed through the combustion chamber and cold flow of exhaust gas that bypasses the combustion chamber during filter regeneration thereby introducing a mixed flow of exhaust gas into the particulate filter 14 .
  • the flow of exhaust gas entering the emission abatement assembly 10 is split into two flows—(i) a cold bypass flow which bypasses the combustion chamber 18 and is advanced through the openings 24 of the shroud 26 and, (ii) a hot combustion flow which is advanced into the combustion chamber 18 where it is significantly heated by the flame present therein.
  • the mixer baffle 56 forces both flows together through a narrow area and then causes such a concentrated flow to then flow radially outwardly thereby mixing the two flows together. To do so, the cold flow of exhaust gas advances through the openings 24 in the shroud 26 and thereafter is directed into contact with the upstream face 66 of the collector plate 62 .
  • the shape of the collector plate 62 directs the cold flow toward its hole 64 .
  • the hot flow of exhaust gas is directed toward the hole of the collector plate 62 .
  • the hot flow of exhaust gas is prevented from axially exiting the combustion chamber 18 by a domed flame catch 68 .
  • the flame catch 68 forces the hot flow of exhaust gas radially outwardly through a number of openings 70 defined in a perforated annular ring 72 which is similar to the perforated annular ring 62 of the mixing baffle 56 .
  • the hot flow of exhaust gas is then directed toward the upstream face 66 of the collector plate 62 by a combination of surfaces including the downstream face 74 of the shroud 26 and the inner surface of the burner housing 16 .
  • the hot flow of exhaust gas then contacts the upstream face 66 of the collector plate where the shape of the plate 62 causes the hot flow of exhaust gas to be directed toward the hole 64 . This begins the mixing of the hot flow of exhaust gas with the cold flow of exhaust gas.
  • the mixing baffle 56 forces the mixing of the non-homogeneous exhaust gas flow through a narrow area, and then causes the mixed flow to expand outwardly. This prevents the formation of a center flow or center jet of hot gas from being impinged on the filter substrate 42 . In short, a more homogeneous mixture of the hot and cold flows is created prior to introduction of the combined flow onto the face of the filter substrate thereby increasing filter regeneration efficiency and reducing the potential for filter damage due to hot spots.
  • the mixing baffle 56 finds application outside of a particulate filter that is regenerated by a fuel-fired burner.
  • the mixing baffle 56 may be used to mix urea with exhaust gas prior to introduction into a urea-SCR catalyst.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
US11/762,461 2007-06-13 2007-06-13 Emission abatement assembly having a mixing baffle and associated method Active 2033-03-12 US8789363B2 (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/762,461 US8789363B2 (en) 2007-06-13 2007-06-13 Emission abatement assembly having a mixing baffle and associated method
KR1020097024542A KR101176269B1 (ko) 2007-06-13 2008-06-02 혼합 배플을 가진 배출물질 경감 조립체 및 관련 방법
CN2008800193933A CN101680652B (zh) 2007-06-13 2008-06-02 具有混合挡板的减排组件及相关方法
JP2010508638A JP5033912B2 (ja) 2007-06-13 2008-06-02 混合バッフルを有する排出低減アセンブリ及び関連方法
EP08769962.5A EP2153126B1 (fr) 2007-06-13 2008-06-02 Ensemble de réduction d'émission avec déflecteur de mélange et procédé associé
PCT/US2008/065502 WO2008157015A1 (fr) 2007-06-13 2008-06-02 Ensemble de réduction d'émission avec déflecteur de mélange et procédé associé
US14/307,770 US9328640B2 (en) 2007-06-13 2014-06-18 Emission abatement assembly having a mixing baffle and associated method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/762,461 US8789363B2 (en) 2007-06-13 2007-06-13 Emission abatement assembly having a mixing baffle and associated method

Related Child Applications (1)

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US14/307,770 Continuation US9328640B2 (en) 2007-06-13 2014-06-18 Emission abatement assembly having a mixing baffle and associated method

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Publication Number Publication Date
US20080307780A1 US20080307780A1 (en) 2008-12-18
US8789363B2 true US8789363B2 (en) 2014-07-29

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US11/762,461 Active 2033-03-12 US8789363B2 (en) 2007-06-13 2007-06-13 Emission abatement assembly having a mixing baffle and associated method
US14/307,770 Active US9328640B2 (en) 2007-06-13 2014-06-18 Emission abatement assembly having a mixing baffle and associated method

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Country Status (6)

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US (2) US8789363B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2153126B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5033912B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR101176269B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101680652B (fr)
WO (1) WO2008157015A1 (fr)

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US11828214B2 (en) 2020-05-08 2023-11-28 Cummins Emission Solutions Inc. Configurable aftertreatment systems including a housing
US11891937B2 (en) 2018-07-03 2024-02-06 Cummins Emission Solutions Inc. Body mixing decomposition reactor
US11982219B2 (en) 2017-06-06 2024-05-14 Cummins Emission Solutions Inc. Systems and methods for mixing exhaust gases and reductant in an aftertreatment system
USD1042544S1 (en) 2022-04-21 2024-09-17 Cummins Emission Solutions Inc. Aftertreatment system
USD1042545S1 (en) 2022-04-21 2024-09-17 Cummins Emission Solutions Inc. Aftertreatment system
US12123337B2 (en) 2021-03-18 2024-10-22 Cummins Emission Solutions Inc. Aftertreatment systems
US12173632B2 (en) 2020-10-22 2024-12-24 Cummins Emission Solutions Inc. Exhaust gas aftertreatment system
US12188842B2 (en) 2021-08-23 2025-01-07 Cummins Emission Solutions Inc. Outlet sampling system for aftertreatment system
US12228061B2 (en) 2021-06-30 2025-02-18 Cummins Emission Solutions Inc. Decomposition chamber with guide swirl mixer
US12264612B2 (en) 2020-02-27 2025-04-01 Cummins Emission Solutions Inc. Mixers for use in aftertreatment systems
US12281605B2 (en) 2021-07-27 2025-04-22 Cummins Emision Solutions Inc. Exhaust gas aftertreatment system
US12352196B2 (en) 2021-02-02 2025-07-08 Cummins Emission Solutions Inc. Exhaust gas aftertreatment system

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CN105020701B (zh) * 2015-07-27 2018-10-16 长兴嘉诚炉业有限公司 一种气体燃烧室
KR101804024B1 (ko) * 2015-12-23 2017-12-01 두산엔진주식회사 버너장치
JP6680624B2 (ja) * 2016-06-07 2020-04-15 日野自動車株式会社 排気浄化装置
CN105971693B (zh) * 2016-06-28 2019-06-14 贵州黄帝车辆净化器有限公司 一种柴油发动机尾气后处理的扰流装置
CN205779177U (zh) * 2016-07-04 2016-12-07 天纳克（苏州）排放系统有限公司 混合组件
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EP3566765A1 (fr) * 2018-05-07 2019-11-13 Dinex A/S Système de mélange d'échappement compact
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CN112588021A (zh) * 2020-11-18 2021-04-02 辽宁工程技术大学 一种催化装置及有机废气处理系统

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US11982219B2 (en) 2017-06-06 2024-05-14 Cummins Emission Solutions Inc. Systems and methods for mixing exhaust gases and reductant in an aftertreatment system
US11891937B2 (en) 2018-07-03 2024-02-06 Cummins Emission Solutions Inc. Body mixing decomposition reactor
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US12123334B2 (en) 2020-05-08 2024-10-22 Cummins Emission Solutions Inc. Configurable aftertreatment systems including a housing
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US12352196B2 (en) 2021-02-02 2025-07-08 Cummins Emission Solutions Inc. Exhaust gas aftertreatment system
US12123337B2 (en) 2021-03-18 2024-10-22 Cummins Emission Solutions Inc. Aftertreatment systems
US12228061B2 (en) 2021-06-30 2025-02-18 Cummins Emission Solutions Inc. Decomposition chamber with guide swirl mixer
US12281605B2 (en) 2021-07-27 2025-04-22 Cummins Emision Solutions Inc. Exhaust gas aftertreatment system
US12188842B2 (en) 2021-08-23 2025-01-07 Cummins Emission Solutions Inc. Outlet sampling system for aftertreatment system
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USD1042544S1 (en) 2022-04-21 2024-09-17 Cummins Emission Solutions Inc. Aftertreatment system

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CN101680652B (zh) 2013-09-04
EP2153126A4 (fr) 2014-04-23
US9328640B2 (en) 2016-05-03
US20080307780A1 (en) 2008-12-18
US20140298774A1 (en) 2014-10-09
JP2010527424A (ja) 2010-08-12
EP2153126B1 (fr) 2018-02-21
KR101176269B1 (ko) 2012-08-22
EP2153126A1 (fr) 2010-02-17
WO2008157015A1 (fr) 2008-12-24
KR20100018516A (ko) 2010-02-17
JP5033912B2 (ja) 2012-09-26
CN101680652A (zh) 2010-03-24

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