WO1990011264A2 - Process for manufacturing pelletized materials for use in chemical reactions in industry or agriculture - Google Patents
Process for manufacturing pelletized materials for use in chemical reactions in industry or agriculture Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1990011264A2 WO1990011264A2 PCT/EP1990/000464 EP9000464W WO9011264A2 WO 1990011264 A2 WO1990011264 A2 WO 1990011264A2 EP 9000464 W EP9000464 W EP 9000464W WO 9011264 A2 WO9011264 A2 WO 9011264A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- pellets
- water
- magnesium
- added
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical class OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 claims description 9
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000014413 iron hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(ii) hydroxide Chemical class [OH-].[OH-].[Fe+2] NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical group [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical class [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium hydrogenphosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019700 dicalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- MHJAJDCZWVHCPF-UHFFFAOYSA-L dimagnesium phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O MHJAJDCZWVHCPF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000395 dimagnesium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H magnesium phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 235000012254 magnesium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical class OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010413 gardening Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 210000004602 germ cell Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000015192 vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011667 zinc carbonate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000004416 zinc carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000010 zinc carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000014692 zinc oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002195 soluble material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 5
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 iron ion Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RSIJVJUOQBWMIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfate decahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RSIJVJUOQBWMIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000031018 biological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HHSPVTKDOHQBKF-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium;magnesium;dicarbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O HHSPVTKDOHQBKF-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000887 hydrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006241 metabolic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029219 regulation of pH Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B19/00—Granulation or pelletisation of phosphatic fertilisers, other than slag
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
- C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the production of pelletized feedstocks for use in chemical conversion processes d industry • or agriculture, for example in the cleaning of municipal, industrial and private • wastewater, in fertilization or deacidification used for agricultural or forestry purposes or the like.
- One of the main problems in the chemical reaction process is to control the reaction rate and in particular to regulate the amount of reagents used. This applies in particular to reaction processes in which water-soluble materials are used as reagents, the reaction material is still in an aqueous solution and one longer contact time between the reagent and the solution is unavoidable. This is the case, for example, in the deacidification of soils in agriculture and forestry and in a large number of chemical conversion processes in industry, for example in wastewater treatment.
- the materials that are spread to improve the soil are permanently exposed to the effects of soil moisture, which is particularly the case during rainy periods leads to an excessive dissolution of the soil improvement with the consequence that on the one hand the materials used to improve the soil due to their oversupply themselves damage the gusts - z -
- Biological processes are limited to one another by the fact that only substances that fit into the metabolism of the bacteria are recorded and absorbed and implemented in the biological system (aeration tank, trickling filter) within the retention time, i.e. be dismantled.
- the biological system aseration tank, trickling filter
- the biologically undetectable residual loads from the biological treatment processes will increase.
- the chemical processes of wastewater treatment are of particular importance in the future protection of the aquatic part of our ecosystem.
- E SS known for the neutralization of acid wastewater use so-called neutralization boxes, which are filled with a basic feed and into which the acidic solution drips, reacting with the reaction material during the more or less long residence time.
- the main disadvantage of the known methods is, on the one hand, the high material consumption caused by complete saturation of the condensates and, moreover, in particular the fact that, on the one hand, high proportions of the neutralization material dissolve during the dwell time of the wastewater and thus lead to an excessive load and that in particular removal of the heavy metals contained in the wastewater is not possible. It is an object of the invention to provide a method which enables the production of feedstocks for use in chemical conversion processes with consumption regulated in a metered manner as a function of the desired conversion rate.
- micro-coated build-up agglomeration Through the use of feed materials with an extremely different solubility product on the one hand and their pelletization in a specific granulation, to be referred to as "micro-coated build-up agglomeration", through the formation of initially pelletizing germs and their connection, a feed material is achieved which, upon contact with the Solution containing reactive substances is implemented in a targeted manner and in a quasi-buffered manner in such a way that the more easily soluble materials are protected from premature release and thus excessive accumulation in the solution by the more difficult to poorly soluble materials.
- the formation of pellets ensures that the solution containing the reaction substances has a large contact area and thus the direct contact of the reaction substance which is usually only present in a large dilution in the solution with the reagent and thus its implementation is ensured.
- Reaction material is available, but it is achieved by the special in particular in the outer layers of the germs and the pellets materials with extremely low solubility product targeted buffering, which excessive dissolution and thus i i same way as the acidification prevents environmentally harmful excessive neutralization (slow-release effect).
- Another essential Before part of the invention is also to be seen in that, simultaneously with the New sewage treatment tralization a complete elimination of the heavy metals can be obtained, consisting in the gradual transition of the Abwas S ers from the acidic phase to the basic phase the solution precipitate into such particle sizes that they are initially physically bound to the surface of the pellets and can be collected in a special filter layer when washed out of the pellet bed.
- the structure mentioned of germs and matrix material of different solubility products is of crucial importance, the achievement of which is the metered addition of the pelletizing water during their production.
- the build-up granulation is based on the fact that, in view of the greatly reduced supply of pelletizing water in the nucleation phase, the surfaces of the more easily soluble mineral particles begin to dissolve, which thus preferably agglomerate with the binding of only small amounts of the less soluble material during dissolving of the surfaces of the particles of the less soluble material takes place at a much later time, so that after the end of the pelleting process, this material is predominantly in de outer layers including germs and residual amounts of non-pre-germinated material with greater solubility product.
- pellets of 40 to 65 preferably 45 to 55% by weight of dolomite, 10 to 25, preferably 15, 20% by weight calcium carbonate, 2.5 to 7.5, preferably 4 5% by weight disodium monohydrogen phosphate, 2.5 and 7.7, preferably 4% by weight calcium hydrogen phosphate, 10 up to 15, preferably 6.5 to 7% by weight calcium hydroxide, 2.5 to 7.5, preferably 4.5 to 5.0% by weight bentonite, 1 to 5.0, preferably 2.5 3.0% by weight feldspar, 1.5 to 5.0, preferably 2.5 to 3.0% by weight potassium silicate, and 1.5 to 5.0, preferably 3.5% by weight magnesium oxide.
- the pelleting is advantageously polidisperse, that is to say with widely differing sizes, with a proportion of small-grained material which is inversely proportional to the pH of the soil treating z.
- the time and speed of action i.e. the time within which a soil with a pH of For example, 2 given the weather conditions to a pH between 6 and brought and then maintained at this value.
- the pelleting of dolomite (calcium magnesium carbonate) with a solubility product of 2.6 x 10 ⁇ ⁇ for magnesium carbonate and 4.7 10 ⁇ * for calcium carbonate can buffer that in the nucleation phase instead of calcium hydroxide (solubility product 3.9 x 10 "*) magnesium hydroxide (1.5 x 10 ⁇ 12 ), aluminum hydroxide (1.9 x 10" 31 ) or iron hydroxide (5.0 x 10 -3 ”) as a binder uses and thereby specifically causes a more or less strong buffering of the active material, through which the dissolution of the material is delayed accordingly.
- active bentonite and or sodium sulfate decahydrate for regulating the water balance in the soil, of which active bentonite is capable of storing water in an amount of 30 times its weight, while this sodium sulfate decahydrate congruently splits off its crystal water at a temperature of over 30 ° C.
- an active substance can be added to the pellets, through which the plant absorbs the ozone which is absorbed by the leaves due to the sun's rays and which has a detrimental effect on the plant organ.
- This can either be a buffer agent imparting a weakly alkaline reaction - pH> 7 - to the plant juices or an agrotechnologically justifiable catalyst, for example manganese sulfa (MnSO- *), which causes the decomposition of the ozone, the rate of decomposition increasing with increasing alkalinity of the solution (plant juice ) decreases.
- MnSO- * manganese sulfa
- active substances for the production of pellets for the removal of nitrogen impurities and in connection therewith phosphorus impurities and possibly heavy metals as use or.
- phosphate salts of a cation of the 2nd main and subgroups of the periodic table (MeHPO), in particular magnesium hydrogen phosphate (MgHPO.), and / or phosphate salts, in particular the orthophosphate salts , a cation of the 2nd main and subgroups of the periodic table, in particular tri-magnesium-di-phosphate, the phosphate salt, in particular the orthophosphate forming one of the active substances, being synthesized in the first pelletizing stage in such a way that initially a partial amount of metal oxide is reacted with a sufficient amount of phosphoric acid for the reaction and then further magnesium oxide is added, whereupon after complete reaction the pelleting takes place using the magnesium hydroxide formed in the second reaction stage as a binder in conjunction with the excess water of reaction formed in the first reaction stage .
- MeHPO magnesium hydrogen phosphate
- / or phosphate salts in particular the orthophosphate salts , a cation of the 2nd main and subgroup
- the process of the invention can furthermore be used with great advantage in the production of pellets for the neutralization of acids with, if appropriate, simultaneous removal of heavy metals.
- the pelleting is expediently carried out in such a way that initially nuclei are formed with a nucleus essentially consisting of bases from the second main group of the periodic system, in particular magnesium hydroxide, and a coating of iron III hydroxide and the nuclei subsequently in pelletized in a matrix, pellets with different composition, ie in particular pellets with a different magnesium hydroxide / iron III hydroxide ratio can be formed, of which the pellets containing a high proportion of magnesium hydroxide of the (rapid ) Neutralization of the acids dissolved in the treated liquid and the pellets containing a higher proportion of iron-III-hydroxide serve the stronger inclusion (encapsulation) of magnesium hydroxide with the effect that in the neutralization phase with the aim of separating the heavy metals to a value above elevated pH to the more environmentally friendly value of about 7, 5 to
- the weakly acidic effect of the iron hydroxide is based on the fact that the iron hydroxide is in the form of a trivalent hydrated iron ion, which is derived from this - - For gradually converting i Fe (H3J ⁇ ) s: (OH) * ⁇ .- with continuous elimination of hydrogen ions.
- the pellets produced in this way that heavy metals contained in the solution precipitate out in the phase of the increased pH (> 9) and the precipitate a in colloidal form present iron hydroxide is adsorbed.
- the invention is explained below using a few examples:
- the mixture is homogenized intensively. Now 2.5 kg of water, 2.5 kg of magnesium oxide and 5.0 kg of white lime are added "and mixed intensively. After the exothermic reaction of the lime quenching has ended, the mixture is pelleted with the addition of 4.5 kg of pelletizing water until the germination stage, whereupon the final pelleting with the addition of a further 0.5 to 0.6 kg of water until the desired micro-coated germ-based pellet with a grain size of between 3 and 6 mm is formed, they contain water in an amount of approximately 2.0 to 2.2 kg, have a deactivating effect Ozone solutions show a pH in water of about 11.6, in acidic water - starting value 3.8 - a buffered value of 7.35.
- pelletizing water is then added to the cooled reaction mass in three steps with constant pelleting, and initially an amount of about 2.75 kg, then after a time of about 1 minute another 1.35 kg. After a pelleting time of a further 10 minutes, pelletizing nuclei have formed which, after the addition of a further 1.35 k of pelleting water, are finally pelleted to pellets of a size between 3 mm and 6 m.
- the moist pellets are powdered with about 2.5 kg of magnesium oxide and air-dried for 12 hours.
- Pelletizing water processed into pellets which are suitable for pH adjustment.
- the production takes place in the same, shown in example
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Abstract
Description
Verfahren zur Herstellung von pelletierten Process for the production of pelleted
Einsatzmaterialien zur Verwendung in chemischenFeedstocks for use in chemical
Umsetzungsprozessen der Industrie oder LandwirtschaftImplementation processes in industry or agriculture
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von pelletiert Einsatzmaterialien zur Verwendung in chemischen Umsetzungsprozessen d Industrie • oder Landwirtschaft, beispielsweise bei der Reinigung v kommunalen, industriellen und privaten•Abwässern, bei der Düngung od Entsäuerung landwirtschaftlich oder forstwirtschaftlich genutzter Böd oder dergl.The invention relates to a process for the production of pelletized feedstocks for use in chemical conversion processes d industry • or agriculture, for example in the cleaning of municipal, industrial and private • wastewater, in fertilization or deacidification used for agricultural or forestry purposes or the like.
Eines der wesentlichen Probleme bei chemischen Umsetzungsprozess stellt die Steuerung der Umsetzunggeschwindigkeit und insbesondere Reg lung der Einsatzπenge an Reagenzien dar. Dies gilt insbesondere bei so chen Umsetzungsprozessen, in denen wasserlösliche Materialien als Reage zien eingesetzt werden, weiterhin das Reaktionsmaterial in wässriger L sung vorliegt und eine längere Kontaktzeit zwischen dem Reagenzium und d Lösung nicht vermeidbar ist. Dies ist etwa der Fall bei der Entsäuer von Böden in der Land- und Forstwirtschaft und bei einer Vielzahl von c mischen Umsetzungsprozessen der Industrie, etwa bei der Abwasserreinigu So sind etwa die zur Bodenverbesserung ausgestreuten Materialien dauerh der Auslösung durch die Bodenfeuchtigkeit ausgesetzt, was insbesondere Regenperioden zu einer übermäßigen Auflösung der Bodenverbesserungsmit führt mit der Folge, daß einerseits die der Bodenverbesserung dienen Materialien aufgrund ihres Überangebots selbst zur Schädigung der Bö - z -One of the main problems in the chemical reaction process is to control the reaction rate and in particular to regulate the amount of reagents used. This applies in particular to reaction processes in which water-soluble materials are used as reagents, the reaction material is still in an aqueous solution and one longer contact time between the reagent and the solution is unavoidable. This is the case, for example, in the deacidification of soils in agriculture and forestry and in a large number of chemical conversion processes in industry, for example in wastewater treatment. For example, the materials that are spread to improve the soil are permanently exposed to the effects of soil moisture, which is particularly the case during rainy periods leads to an excessive dissolution of the soil improvement with the consequence that on the one hand the materials used to improve the soil due to their oversupply themselves damage the gusts - z -
führen und die Gefahr besteht, daß diese Materialien in das Grundwasser eingetragen werden. Das entsprechende gilt bei Anwendung chemischer Umsetzungsprozesse etwa in der Abwasserreinigungsverfahren, in denen zur ausreichenden Umsetzung der Schadstoffe die Reagenzien einerseits in einem hohen Überschuß und andererseits während einer längeren Veweilzeit eingesetzt werden müssen, wodurch ebenfalls die Gefahr einer übermäßigen Aufnahme des Reagenzmaterials mit den sich hieraus ergebenden Risiken für die Abwasserentsorgung begründet wird.cause and there is a risk that these materials are introduced into the groundwater. The same applies to the use of chemical conversion processes, for example in the wastewater treatment process, in which the reagents have to be used in a large excess on the one hand and on the other hand for a longer period of time in order to adequately convert the pollutants, which also leads to the risk of excessive absorption of the reagent material with the resulting Wastewater disposal risks are justified.
In diesem Sinne stellt insbesondere die Reinigung von sauren Abwässern ein nach wie vor unbefriedigend gelöstes Problem dar, wobei unter sauren Abwässern jede Art von Abässern mit niedrigem pH-Wert zu verstehen sind, von denen die in den Schornsteinen von Haushaltsheizungen und Industrie¬ anlagen anfallenden Kondensate aus Rauchgasen eine besondere Bedeutung gewonnen haben, da sie einerseits einen außerordentlich niedrigen pH-Wert aufweisen und darüberhinaus - wie jüngere Untersuchungen ergeben haben - beachtliche Anteile an Schwermetallen mitführen, die von dem Kondensat beim Abtropfen bezw. Abrinnen im Schornstein aus der Schornsteinaus¬ kleidung als Abrieb oder Auslösung aufgenommen wird. Die Neutralisierung derartiger Abwaässer stellt ein erhebliches Umeltproblem dar, ihre Ein¬ leitung in die öffentlichen Vorfluter führt zu erheblichen Schädigungen der biologischen Reinigungsanlagen und in deren Gefolge Umweltschädi¬ gungen. Es ist daher zur Vermeidung derartiger Schäden in zunehmendem Maße erforderlich, chemische Verfahren der Abwasserbehandlung zu entwickeln, die in Ergänzung oder als Alternative zu den biologischen Reinigungsver¬ fahren, in denen die Kläreffekte durch bakterielle, enzymatisch kataly- _ i -In this sense, the cleaning of acidic wastewater in particular continues to be an unsatisfactorily solved problem, whereby acidic wastewater is to be understood as any kind of wastewater with a low pH value, of which the condensates accumulating in the chimneys of household heating and industrial plants have gained special importance from flue gases, because on the one hand they have an extraordinarily low pH value and - as recent studies have shown - they also carry considerable proportions of heavy metals, which are caused by the condensate when it drips off. Drainage in the chimney from the chimney lining is recorded as abrasion or release. The neutralization of such wastewater represents a considerable environmental problem; its discharge into the public receiving water leads to considerable damage to the biological cleaning plants and, as a result, to environmental damage. To avoid such damage, it is therefore increasingly necessary to develop chemical wastewater treatment processes that supplement or as an alternative to the biological cleaning processes in which the clarifying effects are achieved by bacterial, enzymatically catalyzed. _ i -
sierte StoffWechselreaktionen bedingt sind, eine Reinigung durch chemisch oder physikalisch-chemische Reaktionen herbeiführen.due to metabolic reactions, cleaning by chemical or physico-chemical reactions.
Biologische Verfahren sind untereinander dadurch limitiert, daß nu Stoffe erfaßt werden, die in den Stoffwechsel der Bakterien passen und in nerhalb der Retentionszeit im biologischen System (Belebungsbecken, Tropf körper) aufgenommen und umgesetzt, d.h. abgebaut werden. Bei der imme komplexer werdenden Zusammensetzung der kommunalen und vor allem de industriellen Abwässer werden die biologisch nicht erfaßbaren Restbe lastungen aus den biologischen Behandlungsverfahren zunehmen. Auch au diesem Grund kommt den chemischen Verfahren der Abwasserbehandlung ein besondere Bedeutung in der zukünftigen Sicherung des aquatischen Teil unseres Oekosystems zu.Biological processes are limited to one another by the fact that only substances that fit into the metabolism of the bacteria are recorded and absorbed and implemented in the biological system (aeration tank, trickling filter) within the retention time, i.e. be dismantled. With the increasingly complex composition of municipal and above all industrial wastewater, the biologically undetectable residual loads from the biological treatment processes will increase. For this reason too, the chemical processes of wastewater treatment are of particular importance in the future protection of the aquatic part of our ecosystem.
ES S bekannt zur Neutralisation saurer Abwässer sog. Neutrali sationsboxen einzusetzen, die mit einem basichen Einsatzmaterial gefüll sind und in die die saure Lösung eintropft, wobei sie während der meh oder weniger langen Verweilzeit mit dem Reaktionsmaterial reagiert. De wesentliche Nachteil der bekannten Verfahren besteht einerseits in de hohen, durch vollständige Sättigung der Kondensate verursachten Material verbrauch und darüberhinaus insbesondere darin, daß einerseits hoh Anteile des Neutralisationsmaterials während der Verweilzeit des Abwasser in der Box in Lösung gehen und damit zu einer übermäßigen Belastung führ und daß insbesondere eine Beseitigung der in dem Abwasser enthalten Schwermetalle nicht möglich ist. Der Erfindung liegt als Aufgabe die Schaffung eines Verfahrens zu¬ grunde, das die Herstellung von Einsatzmaterialien zur Verwendung in chemischen Umsetzungsprozessen mit dosiert in Abhängigkeit von der gewünschten Umsetzungsgeschwindigkeit geregeltem Verbrauch ermöglicht.E SS known for the neutralization of acid wastewater use so-called neutralization boxes, which are filled with a basic feed and into which the acidic solution drips, reacting with the reaction material during the more or less long residence time. The main disadvantage of the known methods is, on the one hand, the high material consumption caused by complete saturation of the condensates and, moreover, in particular the fact that, on the one hand, high proportions of the neutralization material dissolve during the dwell time of the wastewater and thus lead to an excessive load and that in particular removal of the heavy metals contained in the wastewater is not possible. It is an object of the invention to provide a method which enables the production of feedstocks for use in chemical conversion processes with consumption regulated in a metered manner as a function of the desired conversion rate.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch das in Anspruch 1 wierdergegebene Verfahren gelöst.This object is achieved by the method given in claim 1.
Durch die Verwendung von Einsatzmaterialien mit extrem unterschied- lichem Löslichkeitsprodukt einerseits und deren Pelletierung in einer gezielten, als "mikrobeschichtete Aufbau-Agglomeration" zu bezeichnende Granulierung durch Bildung von zunächst Pelletierkeimen und deren Verbin¬ dung wird ein Einsatzmaterial erzielt, das bei Kontakt mit der die Reak¬ tionsstoffe enthaltenden Lösung gezielt und in einer quasi gepufferten Weise derart umgesetzt wird, daß die leichter löslichen Materialien von einer vorzeitigen Auslösung und damit übermäßigen Anreicherung in der Lö¬ sung durch die schwerer bis schwerstlöslichen Materialien geschützt wer¬ den. Durch die Bildung von Pellets wird hierbei sichergestellt, daß die die Reaktionsstoffe enthaltende Lösung eine große Kontaktfläche vorfindet und damit der unmittelbare Kontakt des in der Regel nur in großer Verdün¬ nung in der Lösung enthaltenen Reaktionsstoffes mir dem Reagenzmittel und damit dessen Umsetzung gewährleistet wird. Es wird somit in disesm Sinne - am Beispiel der Entsäuerung von Abwässern - auch bei einfachem Durchfluß des Abwassers durch eine Schüttung von in der erfindungsgemäßen Weise hergestellten Pellets gewährleistet, daß den Abwasser zwar auf der einen Seite zu jeder Zeit die für die Neutralisierung erforderliche Menge an — s —Through the use of feed materials with an extremely different solubility product on the one hand and their pelletization in a specific granulation, to be referred to as "micro-coated build-up agglomeration", through the formation of initially pelletizing germs and their connection, a feed material is achieved which, upon contact with the Solution containing reactive substances is implemented in a targeted manner and in a quasi-buffered manner in such a way that the more easily soluble materials are protected from premature release and thus excessive accumulation in the solution by the more difficult to poorly soluble materials. The formation of pellets ensures that the solution containing the reaction substances has a large contact area and thus the direct contact of the reaction substance which is usually only present in a large dilution in the solution with the reagent and thus its implementation is ensured. It is thus in this sense - using the example of the deacidification of wastewater - even with a simple flow of the wastewater through a bed of pellets produced in the manner according to the invention, that the wastewater on the one hand at all times the amount required for neutralization - s -
Reaktionsmaterial zur Verfügung steht, es wird jedoch durch die insbe sondere in den äußeren Schichten der Keime und der Pellets konzentrierte Materialien mit extrem niedrigem Löslichkeitsprodukt eine gezielt Pufferung erreicht, die ein übermäßiges Auflösen und damit eine i gleicher Weise wie die Übersäuerung umweltschädliche übermäßige Neutrali sierung verhindert (slow-release-effect). Ein weiterer wesentlicher Vor teil der Erfindung ist auch darin zu sehen, daß gleichzeitig mit der Neu tralisierung der Abwässer auch eine vollständige Beseitigung der Schwer metalle erzielt werden kann, die bei dem allmählichen Übergang des Abwas Sers aus der sauren Phase in die basische Phase aus der Lösung in solche Partikelgrößen ausfallen, daß sie zunächst physikalisch an der Oberfläch der Pellets gebunden sind und beim Auswaschen aus der Pelletschüttung i einer Spezialfilterschicht aufgefangen werden können.Reaction material is available, but it is achieved by the special in particular in the outer layers of the germs and the pellets materials with extremely low solubility product targeted buffering, which excessive dissolution and thus i i same way as the acidification prevents environmentally harmful excessive neutralization (slow-release effect). Another essential Before part of the invention is also to be seen in that, simultaneously with the New sewage treatment tralization a complete elimination of the heavy metals can be obtained, consisting in the gradual transition of the Abwas S ers from the acidic phase to the basic phase the solution precipitate into such particle sizes that they are initially physically bound to the surface of the pellets and can be collected in a special filter layer when washed out of the pellet bed.
Zur Erreichung dieser Wirkung ist - neben der Wahl der Einsatzmateria lien - die genannte Struktur aus Keimen und Matrixmaterial unterschiedli cher Löslichkeitsprodukte von maßgeblicher Bedeutung, zu deren Erreiche die dosierte Zugabe des Pelletierwassers bei ihrer Herstellung entschei dend ist. Hierbei beruht die Aufbaugranulierung auf dem Umstand, daß i Hinblick auf das in der Keimbildungsphase stark reduzierte Angebot a Pelletierwasser zunächst ein Anlösen der Oberflächen der leichter lösli chen tfeterialpartikel eintritt, die somit bevorzugt unter Bindung ledig lich geringer Anteile des schwerer löslichen Materials agglomerieren während das Anlösen der Oberflächen der Partikel des schwerer lösliche Materials zu einer wesentlich späteren Zeit erfolgt, so daß sich diese Material nach Beendigung des Pelletiervorganges vorwiegend in de äußeren Schichten unter Einschluß von Keimen und Restmengen an nich vorgekeimtem Material mit größerem Löslichkeitsprodukt findet.In order to achieve this effect, in addition to the choice of the input materials, the structure mentioned of germs and matrix material of different solubility products is of crucial importance, the achievement of which is the metered addition of the pelletizing water during their production. The build-up granulation is based on the fact that, in view of the greatly reduced supply of pelletizing water in the nucleation phase, the surfaces of the more easily soluble mineral particles begin to dissolve, which thus preferably agglomerate with the binding of only small amounts of the less soluble material during dissolving of the surfaces of the particles of the less soluble material takes place at a much later time, so that after the end of the pelleting process, this material is predominantly in de outer layers including germs and residual amounts of non-pre-germinated material with greater solubility product.
Als Beispiel für den besonders vorteilhaften Einsatz der nach de erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellten Pelletmaterialien kann die gar ten-, land- und forstwirtschaftliche Bodenneutralisation genannt werde mit Pellets aus 40 bis 65, vorzugsweise 45 - 55 Gew.-% Dolomit, 10 bis 25 vorzugsweise 15 - 20 Gew.-% Calciumcarbonat, 2,5 bis 7,5, vorzugsweise 4 5 Gew.-% Dinatrium-Monohydrogen-Phosphat, 2,5 und 7,7, vorzugsweise 4 - Gew.-% Calcium-Hydrogen-Phosphat, 10 bis 15, vorzugsweise 6,5 - 7 Gew.- Calcium-Hydroxid, 2,5 bis 7,5, vorzugsweise 4,5 - 5,0 Gew.-% Bentonit, 1, bis 5,0, vorzugsweise 2,5 - 3,0 Gew.-% Feldspat, 1,5 bis 5,0, vorzugsweis 2,5 - 3,0 Gew.-% Kaliumsilikat, sowie 1,5 bis 5,0, vorzugsweise 3,5 Gew. Magnesiumoxid. Hierbei erfolgt die Pelletierung vorteilhaft polidispers d.h. mit sich stark unterscheidenden Größen mit einem zum pH-Wert des z behandelnden Bodens umgekehrt proportionalen Anteil an kleinkörnige Material. Durch Erhöhung des kleinkörnigen Anteils bei niedrigerem pH-Wer und umgekehrt einerseits in Verbindung mit der gezielten Auswahl der ver wendeten Einsatzmaterialien nach ihren Löslichkeitsprodukten können somi die Wirkzeit und die Wirkungsgeschwindigkeit, d.h die Zeit bestimm werden, innerhalb der ein Boden mit einem pH-Wert von beispielsweise 2 be den gegebenen Witterungsverhältnissen auf einen pH-Wert zwischen 6 und gebracht und danach auf diesem Wert gehalten werden kann. In diesem Sinn kann etwa die Pelletierung von Dolomit (Calcium-Magnesium-Carbonat) mi einem Löslichkeitsprodukt von 2,6 x 10~β für Magnesiu carbonat und 4,7 10~* für Calciumcarbonat dadurch puffern, daß in der Keimbildungsphas anstelle von Calciumhydroxid (Löslichkeitsprodukt 3,9 x 10"*) Magnesium¬ hydroxid (1,5 x 10~12), Aluminiumhydroxid (1,9 x 10"31) oder Eisenhydroxid (5,0 x lO-3") als Bindemittel einsetzt und hierdurch gezielt eine mehr oder weniger starke Pufferung des Wirkmaterials herbeiführt, durch die die Lösung des Materials entsprechend verzögert wird.As an example of the particularly advantageous use of the pellet materials produced by the process according to the invention, even agricultural, agricultural and forestry soil neutralization can be mentioned with pellets of 40 to 65, preferably 45 to 55% by weight of dolomite, 10 to 25, preferably 15, 20% by weight calcium carbonate, 2.5 to 7.5, preferably 4 5% by weight disodium monohydrogen phosphate, 2.5 and 7.7, preferably 4% by weight calcium hydrogen phosphate, 10 up to 15, preferably 6.5 to 7% by weight calcium hydroxide, 2.5 to 7.5, preferably 4.5 to 5.0% by weight bentonite, 1 to 5.0, preferably 2.5 3.0% by weight feldspar, 1.5 to 5.0, preferably 2.5 to 3.0% by weight potassium silicate, and 1.5 to 5.0, preferably 3.5% by weight magnesium oxide. In this case, the pelleting is advantageously polidisperse, that is to say with widely differing sizes, with a proportion of small-grained material which is inversely proportional to the pH of the soil treating z. By increasing the small-grained fraction at a lower pH value and vice versa, in conjunction with the targeted selection of the materials used according to their solubility products, the time and speed of action, i.e. the time within which a soil with a pH of For example, 2 given the weather conditions to a pH between 6 and brought and then maintained at this value. In this sense, the pelleting of dolomite (calcium magnesium carbonate) with a solubility product of 2.6 x 10 ~ β for magnesium carbonate and 4.7 10 ~ * for calcium carbonate can buffer that in the nucleation phase instead of calcium hydroxide (solubility product 3.9 x 10 "*) magnesium hydroxide (1.5 x 10 ~ 12 ), aluminum hydroxide (1.9 x 10" 31 ) or iron hydroxide (5.0 x 10 -3 ") as a binder uses and thereby specifically causes a more or less strong buffering of the active material, through which the dissolution of the material is delayed accordingly.
Dem Einsatzmaterial können weitere Wirksubstanzen zugefügt werden, s beispielsweise Aktivbentonit und oder Natrium-Sulfat-Dekahydrat zur Regu lierung des Wasserhaushaltes im Boden, von denen Aktivbentonit zur Spei cherung von Wasser in einer Menge des 30-fachen seines Gewichtes in de Lage ist, während das natrium-Sulfat-Dekahydrat sein Kristallwasser be einer Temperatur von über 30° C kongruent abspaltet. In entsprechende Weise kann den Pellets eine Wirksubstanz beigemicht werden, durch die nac Aufnahme durch die Pflanze das aufgrund der Sonneneinstrahlung über di Blätter aufgenommene, sich auf den Pflanzenorganisnus schädlich auswir kende Ozon beseitigt wird. Es kann dies entweder ein den Pflanzensäfte eine schwach alkalische Reaktion - pH > 7 - verleihendes Puffermittel ode ein agrotechnisch vertretbarer Katalysator, beispielsweise Mangansulfa (MnSO-*) sein, der die Zersetzung des Ozon bewirkt, wobei di Zersetzungsgeschwindigkeit mit zunehmender Alkalität der Lösun (Pflanzensaft) abnimmt.Further active substances can be added to the feed material, for example active bentonite and or sodium sulfate decahydrate for regulating the water balance in the soil, of which active bentonite is capable of storing water in an amount of 30 times its weight, while this sodium sulfate decahydrate congruently splits off its crystal water at a temperature of over 30 ° C. In a corresponding manner, an active substance can be added to the pellets, through which the plant absorbs the ozone which is absorbed by the leaves due to the sun's rays and which has a detrimental effect on the plant organ. This can either be a buffer agent imparting a weakly alkaline reaction - pH> 7 - to the plant juices or an agrotechnologically justifiable catalyst, for example manganese sulfa (MnSO- *), which causes the decomposition of the ozone, the rate of decomposition increasing with increasing alkalinity of the solution (plant juice ) decreases.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform werden als Aktivsubstanzen zu Herstellung von Pellets für die Beseitigung von Stickstoff-Verunreini gungen und in Verbindung hiermit Phosphor-Verunreinigungen sowie gegebe nenfalls Schwermetallen als Einsatz- bezw. Aktivsubstanzen Hydrogen-Phos — O —In a further embodiment, as active substances for the production of pellets for the removal of nitrogen impurities and in connection therewith phosphorus impurities and possibly heavy metals as use or. Active substances Hydrogen-Phos - O -
phatsalze eines Kations der 2. Haupt- und Nebengruppen des Periodische Systems (MeHPO ) , insbesondere Magnesium-Hydrogen-Phosphat (MgHPO .), und/oder Phosphatsalze, insbesondere die Ortho-Phosphat-Salze
Beispiel 1:Example 1:
Man gibt in den Pelletiermischer 15 kg Dolomit 18/23, 5 kg Calcium carbonat, je 0,5 kg Dinatrium-Monohydrogen-Phosposphat und Calcium-Hxdro genphosphat, 2,5 kg Calciumhydroxid, 1,5 kg Feldspat, 1,0 kg Kalium silikat, 3,0 kg Aktivbentonit und 1 kg Mangansulfat.15 kg dolomite 18/23, 5 kg calcium carbonate, 0.5 kg disodium monohydrogen phosphate and calcium hydrogen phosphate, 2.5 kg calcium hydroxide, 1.5 kg feldspar, 1.0 kg potassium are added to the pellet mixer silicate, 3.0 kg active bentonite and 1 kg manganese sulfate.
Die Mischung wird intensiv homogenisiert. Nun gibt man 2,5 kg Wasser 2,5 kg Magnesiumoxid und 5,0 kg Weißkalk hinzu"und mischt intensiv durch Nach Beendigung der exothermen Reaktion der Kalklöschung wird die Mischun unter Zugabe von 4,5 kg Pelletierwasser bis zur Keimstufe pelletiert worauf die Endpelletierung unter Zugabe von weiteren 0,5 bis 0,6 kg Wasse bis zur Bildung der angestrebten mikrobeschichtenten keimbasierten Pellet einer Körnung zwischen 3 und 6 mm erfolgt. Sie enthalten Wasser in eine Menge von etwa 2,0 bis 2,2 kg, wirken desaktivierend auf Ozon-Lösungen un zeigen in Wasser einen pH-Wert von etwa 11,6, in sauerem Wasse - Ausgangswert 3,8 - einen gepufferten Wert von 7,35.The mixture is homogenized intensively. Now 2.5 kg of water, 2.5 kg of magnesium oxide and 5.0 kg of white lime are added "and mixed intensively. After the exothermic reaction of the lime quenching has ended, the mixture is pelleted with the addition of 4.5 kg of pelletizing water until the germination stage, whereupon the final pelleting with the addition of a further 0.5 to 0.6 kg of water until the desired micro-coated germ-based pellet with a grain size of between 3 and 6 mm is formed, they contain water in an amount of approximately 2.0 to 2.2 kg, have a deactivating effect Ozone solutions show a pH in water of about 11.6, in acidic water - starting value 3.8 - a buffered value of 7.35.
Beispiel 2;Example 2;
Es werden 100 kg Magnesiumoxid mit einem reinheitgrad von über 98 und einem Gehalt an Calcium-Ionen von weniger als 0,5 Gew-% zusammen mi - // -100 kg of magnesium oxide with a purity of more than 98 and a calcium ion content of less than 0.5% by weight are mixed together - // -
10 kg Eisenoxid - Reinheit ebenfalls über 98% - in den Pelletiermische eingewogen. Nach intensiver Mischung - etwa 10 Minuten - werden 48,4 k de-ionisiertes (enthärtetes, destilliertes) Wasser zugefügt, das zur Über führung der Oxide in Hydroxide ausreicht. Ein Überschuß von etwa 0,5 bis Gew-% ist nicht zu überschreiten. Die Reaktion wird unter intensive Kühlung zur Abführung der Reaktionswärme derart zu führen, daß eine Reak tionstemperatur von 35 ° C nicht überschritten wird. Nach Beendigung de intensiven Reaktionsphase wird die Mischung zum Zwecke der Reifun zwüschen etwa 30 und 120 Minuten reifen lassen.10 kg of iron oxide - purity also over 98% - weighed into the pelleting mix. After intensive mixing - about 10 minutes - 48.4 k de-ionized (softened, distilled) water are added, which is sufficient to convert the oxides into hydroxides. An excess of about 0.5 to% by weight should not be exceeded. The reaction is carried out with intensive cooling to remove the heat of reaction such that a reaction temperature of 35 ° C is not exceeded. After the intensive reaction phase has ended, the mixture is ripened for about 30 and 120 minutes for the purpose of ripening.
Zu der erkaltenen Reaktikonsmasse wird danach in drei Schritten unte ständiger Pelletierung weiteres Pelletierwasser zugeführt, und zwa zunächst eine Menge von etwa 2,75 kg, dann nach einer Zeit von etwa 1 Minuten weitere 1,35 kg. Nach einer Peletierzeit von weiteren 10 Minute haben sich Pelletierkeime gebildet, die nach Zugabe von weiteren 1,35 k Pelletierwasser zu Pellets einer Größe zwischen 3 mm und 6 m endpelletiert werden. Die feuchten Pellets werden mit etwa 2,5 kg Magne siumoxid gepudert und 12 Stunden luftgetrocknet.Further pelletizing water is then added to the cooled reaction mass in three steps with constant pelleting, and initially an amount of about 2.75 kg, then after a time of about 1 minute another 1.35 kg. After a pelleting time of a further 10 minutes, pelletizing nuclei have formed which, after the addition of a further 1.35 k of pelleting water, are finally pelleted to pellets of a size between 3 mm and 6 m. The moist pellets are powdered with about 2.5 kg of magnesium oxide and air-dried for 12 hours.
Beispiel 3:Example 3:
Es werden 100 kg Eisenoxid mit 10 kg Magnesiumoxid unter Zugabe vo100 kg of iron oxide with 10 kg of magnesium oxide are added with vo
34,0 kg Hydratisierwasser sowie - in drei Partien - 2,0 + 0,95 + 0,95 k34.0 kg of hydrating water and - in three batches - 2.0 + 0.95 + 0.95 k
Pelletierwasser zu Pellets verarbeitet, die sich zur pH-Wert-Einstellun eigen. Die Herstellung erfolgt in derselben, in Beispiel dargestelltePelletizing water processed into pellets, which are suitable for pH adjustment. The production takes place in the same, shown in example
Weise unter Beachtung der dort gegebenen Bedingungen. Way, taking into account the conditions there.
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2505145A JPH03505179A (en) | 1990-03-21 | 1990-03-21 | Process for producing pelletized inputs for use in industrial or agricultural chemical reaction processes |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1082/89A CH680586A5 (en) | 1989-03-23 | 1989-03-23 | |
| CH1082/89-2 | 1989-03-23 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1990011264A2 true WO1990011264A2 (en) | 1990-10-04 |
| WO1990011264A3 WO1990011264A3 (en) | 1990-11-15 |
Family
ID=4202037
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP1990/000464 WO1990011264A2 (en) | 1989-03-23 | 1990-03-21 | Process for manufacturing pelletized materials for use in chemical reactions in industry or agriculture |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0426783A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2029887A1 (en) |
| CH (1) | CH680586A5 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1990011264A2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1991014656A1 (en) * | 1990-03-21 | 1991-10-03 | Aquamot Ag | Process for removing ammonium compound impurities from industrial, agricultural or private waste water |
| DE19503599A1 (en) * | 1995-02-03 | 1996-08-08 | Reik Schleifmittelwerke Dresde | Granular material contg. magnesium hydrogen phosphate-3-hydrate as active component |
| EP2269957A1 (en) * | 2009-06-18 | 2011-01-05 | Catherine Journel | Solid composition for pH neutralisation of acid fluids |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4324116A1 (en) * | 1993-07-20 | 1995-01-26 | Boguslawski Zbigniew | Process for the purification of acidic or alkaline waste water and liquid raw condensates, in particular the condensates from flue gases of the combustion plants operated with fossil fuels |
| DE102006014601B4 (en) * | 2006-03-29 | 2010-10-14 | Grünbeck Wasseraufbereitung GmbH | Method, device, container and means for the treatment of acid condensed water from combustion plants |
| LT5921B (en) * | 2011-06-13 | 2013-04-25 | UAB "ARVI" ir ko | Process for preparing bulk compound frtilizer |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR469685A (en) * | 1914-03-16 | 1914-08-06 | Chaux-Magnesie | Fertilizer-amendment |
| DE397474C (en) * | 1922-07-04 | 1924-06-21 | Waldhof Zellstoff Fab | Process for the production of a fertilizer |
| DE880877C (en) * | 1941-01-14 | 1953-06-25 | Hoechst Ag | Process for the production of a flocculant for water purification |
| GB1199077A (en) * | 1967-08-02 | 1970-07-15 | Wintershall Ag | Slow Release Potassium Containing Fertilisers |
| DE2529099A1 (en) * | 1975-06-30 | 1977-01-27 | Hans Heidenreich | Prolonged action effluent treating compsn. - comprises active ingredients adsorbed on a mineral support |
| DE2626903A1 (en) * | 1976-06-16 | 1977-12-29 | Harzer Dolomitwerke Gmbh | Slow release granular fertiliser prodn. - by granulating a mixt. contg. alkaline earth (hydr)oxide and treating with carbon dioxide |
| DE2801034A1 (en) * | 1978-01-11 | 1979-07-12 | Hoechst Ag | FLOCCULATING AGENT FOR CLEANING WASTE WATER |
| SE7902651L (en) * | 1979-03-23 | 1980-09-24 | Boliden Ab | FLEXING AGENT, PROCEDURE FOR ITS PREPARATION AND ITS USE |
| DE3541184A1 (en) * | 1985-11-21 | 1987-05-27 | Kali & Salz Ag | METHOD FOR GRANULATING FLOCK AND SLAG FLOUR WITH KIESERITE |
| EP0257021A1 (en) * | 1986-01-22 | 1988-03-02 | Gattys Technique S.A. | Spreadable material and process for producing the same |
-
1989
- 1989-03-23 CH CH1082/89A patent/CH680586A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1990
- 1990-03-21 WO PCT/EP1990/000464 patent/WO1990011264A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-03-21 CA CA 2029887 patent/CA2029887A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-03-21 EP EP90905194A patent/EP0426783A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1991014656A1 (en) * | 1990-03-21 | 1991-10-03 | Aquamot Ag | Process for removing ammonium compound impurities from industrial, agricultural or private waste water |
| DE19503599A1 (en) * | 1995-02-03 | 1996-08-08 | Reik Schleifmittelwerke Dresde | Granular material contg. magnesium hydrogen phosphate-3-hydrate as active component |
| DE19503599C2 (en) * | 1995-02-03 | 2000-08-10 | Eberhard Koenig | Granules with magnesium hydrogen phosphate-3-hydrate as active component, process for its production and use of the granules in wastewater treatment |
| EP2269957A1 (en) * | 2009-06-18 | 2011-01-05 | Catherine Journel | Solid composition for pH neutralisation of acid fluids |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0426783A1 (en) | 1991-05-15 |
| WO1990011264A3 (en) | 1990-11-15 |
| CH680586A5 (en) | 1992-09-30 |
| CA2029887A1 (en) | 1990-09-24 |
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