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WO1993023189A1 - Procede d'obtention de materiaux a l'etat disperse au moyen d'une structure d'agglomerat de particules - Google Patents

Procede d'obtention de materiaux a l'etat disperse au moyen d'une structure d'agglomerat de particules Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1993023189A1
WO1993023189A1 PCT/RU1993/000112 RU9300112W WO9323189A1 WO 1993023189 A1 WO1993023189 A1 WO 1993023189A1 RU 9300112 W RU9300112 W RU 9300112W WO 9323189 A1 WO9323189 A1 WO 9323189A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid
zhidκοsτi
dispersed
chasτits
πρi
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PCT/RU1993/000112
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Dmitry Jurievich Korobov
Jury Alexandrovich Korobov
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Mezhdunarodnaya Assotsiatsiya 'zemlya I Kosmonavtika
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Publication of WO1993023189A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993023189A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J3/06—Processes using ultra-high pressure, e.g. for the formation of diamonds; Apparatus therefor, e.g. moulds or dies
    • B01J3/08—Application of shock waves for chemical reactions or for modifying the crystal structure of substances
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes

Definitions

  • the bulk of the product is not available for distribution of materials in "5 dispersed systems with the use of blasting energy and there is a loss of power in the house.
  • the solid state of a solid substance is a simple, highly dispersed, or highly dispersed state of a substance.
  • the distance between the atoms, for the large-sized parti- cles of the large part is comparable to the number of parts in the volume, the volume of the part is for the internal and external In the case of metal, alloys, ceramic and chemical materials, they possess high activity and unique physical and chemical properties.
  • vazhn ⁇ y task in s ⁇ s ⁇ ba ⁇ ⁇ lucheniya ma ⁇ e ⁇ ial ⁇ v in die ⁇ e ⁇ sn ⁇ m s ⁇ s ⁇ yanii with ⁇ las ⁇ e ⁇ n ⁇ y s ⁇ u ⁇ u ⁇ y chas ⁇ its yavlyae ⁇ sya ⁇ nse ⁇ vatsiya and tselena ⁇ avlennaya ⁇ assivatsiya ⁇ agmen ⁇ v, imeyuschi ⁇ ⁇ las ⁇ e ⁇ nye ⁇ azme ⁇ y and s ⁇ u ⁇ u ⁇ u, ⁇ u ⁇ em ⁇ ed ⁇ v ⁇ ascheniya ⁇ agulyatsii e ⁇ i ⁇ ⁇ agmen ⁇ v.
  • P ⁇ d deys ⁇ viem ⁇ y arc ⁇ is ⁇ di ⁇ ne ⁇ e ⁇ yvn ⁇ e l ⁇ aln ⁇ e vz ⁇ yvn ⁇ e is ⁇ a ⁇ enie me ⁇ alla, ⁇ y, ⁇ lazhdayas dis ⁇ e ⁇ gi ⁇ vann ⁇ y zhid ⁇ s ⁇ yu, ⁇ ndensi ⁇ ue ⁇ sya, ⁇ b ⁇ azuya ul ⁇ adis ⁇ e ⁇ sny e ⁇ alliches ⁇ y ⁇ sh ⁇ with chas ⁇ itsami, ⁇ azme ⁇ y ⁇ y ⁇ s ⁇ s ⁇ avlyayu ⁇ m ⁇ m less than 0.5.
  • ⁇ mezhele ⁇ dn ⁇ m ⁇ mezhu ⁇ e ⁇ na is ⁇ a ⁇ yae ⁇ sya without ⁇ s ⁇ a ⁇ a in ⁇ ezul ⁇ a ⁇ e ⁇ luchae ⁇ sya dis ⁇ e ⁇ gi ⁇ vanny me ⁇ all as su ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ sh ⁇ a.
  • ⁇ a ⁇ im ⁇ b ⁇ az ⁇ m s ⁇ u ⁇ u ⁇ nye ⁇ agmen ⁇ y chas ⁇ its ⁇ sh ⁇ b ⁇ azny ⁇ me ⁇ all ⁇ v, ⁇ luchenny ⁇ vyshe ⁇ isannym s ⁇ s ⁇ b ⁇ m, s ⁇ abilizi ⁇ vany d ⁇ s ⁇ a ⁇ chn ⁇ ⁇ chnymi bonds, lowering i ⁇ ⁇ ea ⁇ tsi ⁇ nnuyu s ⁇ s ⁇ bn ⁇ s ⁇ , and ⁇ az ⁇ usheniya e ⁇ i ⁇ ties ⁇ ebue ⁇ sya znachi ⁇ elnaya ene ⁇ giya.
  • the chamber for blasting the tangentially explosive liquid, forming on the walls of the camera is sprayed.
  • the manufactured charge is installed in an explosive chamber in an explosion-proof chamber of a metal-to-volatile material. After blasting, a mixture of condensed coolants and particles of the obtained material is obtained; then there is a mixture of water with particles of concentrated carbon dioxide. Of this mixture, which is a part of the suspension, and it is the individual free system that separates the water and emits the process, which is easy to remove from the well-known diamond.
  • the sizes of the particles of the obtained diamond due to the results of electrons are up to 0.3 to 0.06 m with the sizes of the environment ⁇ esm ⁇ ya on ⁇ , ch ⁇ in izves ⁇ n ⁇ m s ⁇ s ⁇ be vz ⁇ yv ⁇ susches ⁇ vlyayu ⁇ in v ⁇ de, ⁇ aya s ⁇ l ⁇ shnym sl ⁇ em ⁇ uzhae ⁇ za ⁇ yad, ⁇ mi ⁇ vanie ⁇ las ⁇ e ⁇ n ⁇ y s ⁇ u ⁇ u ⁇ y chas ⁇ its ⁇ susches ⁇ vu ⁇ is ⁇ di ⁇ in a ⁇ m ⁇ s ⁇ e ⁇ e gaz ⁇ b ⁇ azny ⁇ ⁇ du ⁇ v vz ⁇ gea, ⁇ s ⁇ l ⁇ u g ⁇ anitsa
  • the blast and coolant products section remains simple and does not interfere with any accidental failure. Therefore, stabilization of the constituent components of the produced material is carried out by the gases produced, which reduces
  • the obtained carbon-containing material is similar in value to diamond diamonds for carbon and ultrafine-carbon.
  • the synthetic particles synthesized in a fully standardized one have a cubic structure with a strongly distorted lattice and a mixture of particles that are compatible with it. In the process of capturing and chemically calculating the carbon content of the material, they produce diamond dust, and particle sizes are obtained due to the coagulation of the product.
  • ⁇ a ⁇ y diamond ⁇ sh ⁇ in admixture with v ⁇ d ⁇ y ⁇ imenyae ⁇ sya in ⁇ aches ⁇ ve ⁇ isad ⁇ ele ⁇ li ⁇ v is ⁇ lzuemy ⁇ for applying me ⁇ alliches ⁇ i ⁇ ⁇ y ⁇ y me ⁇ d ⁇ m ele ⁇ ⁇ imiches ⁇ g ⁇ and ⁇ imiches ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ sazhdeniya me ⁇ alla on ⁇ ve ⁇ n ⁇ s ⁇ me ⁇ alliches ⁇ y ma ⁇ itsy.
  • the use of elec- trites with additives such as diamond powder in quantities of up to 8 to 15 g per liter increases the amount of wear and tear and increases the inconvenience to small amounts.
  • diamond-based powder is used in the form of a mixture with liquid or oil.
  • This mixture is a two-part free system, there is a system in which there are no dis- tance between the particles and the An important condition for achieving a beneficial effect when using a mixture of diamond powder with oil or electric is the use of a mixture with an equal volume of oil.
  • due to the sedimentary instability of a free-dispersed system such a mixture loses its positive properties.
  • the viscosity of such disperse systems the essence is the same as the viscosity of the dispersed medium, ie the viscosity of the liquid or oil.
  • Liquid is preferably dispersed by dispensing it in the form of sprays or droplets.
  • the liquid must also be dispersed by blowing it off with gas or vapor.
  • liquid is dispersed in the form of strips or a cable with a diameter of 3 mm; ⁇ i ⁇ su 'sches ⁇ vlenii vz ⁇ yva za ⁇ yada ⁇ ndensi ⁇ vann ⁇ g ⁇ vz ⁇ yvcha ⁇ g ⁇ vesches ⁇ va, v ⁇ dyascheg ⁇ in s ⁇ s ⁇ av is ⁇ dn ⁇ g ⁇ vesches ⁇ va, zhid ⁇ s ⁇ dis ⁇ e ⁇ gi ⁇ va ⁇ s ⁇ uyami gas or ⁇ a ⁇ a diame ⁇ m ⁇ 3 d ⁇ 70 mm.
  • the structural viscosity of the dispersed system is no less than the order that the dispersed fluid is dispersed. With an increase in the content of the obtained material in the dispersed system, its structural viscosity increases by a few orders (two times).
  • the proposed method makes it possible to obtain materials with a more convenient structure that weakens the connection between the structural fragments.
  • the proposed method for the production of materials in a dispersed state with a complex structure of particles using the energy of explosion is as follows.
  • Explosion occurs with the use of electric energy or with the use of energy from an explosive charge, with excessive pressure with a large wavelength.
  • the original material is taken in the form of a thickness of 0.3 to 1 mm, made from metal, which is a part of the produced material.
  • reactive gases such as, for example, to reduce the risk of oxidation.
  • diamonds such as those made from polystyrene, which are free to metal, metal and other metals.
  • P ⁇ i ⁇ luchenii in ⁇ e ⁇ me ⁇ allid ⁇ v is ⁇ dn ⁇ e vesches ⁇ v ⁇ be ⁇ u ⁇ as s ⁇ uchenny ⁇ ⁇ v ⁇ l ⁇ che ⁇ , ⁇ lschin ⁇ y ⁇ 0,1 d ⁇ 0.7 mm izg ⁇ vlenny ⁇ of me ⁇ all ⁇ v, v ⁇ dyaschi ⁇ in s ⁇ s ⁇ av ⁇ luchaem ⁇ g ⁇ in ⁇ e ⁇ me ⁇ allida pressure on ⁇ m ⁇ li ⁇ uda ⁇ n ⁇ e uda ⁇ n ⁇ y v ⁇ lny ⁇ i ele ⁇ vz ⁇ yve ⁇ bychn ⁇ ⁇ evyshae ⁇ 10 GPa and a ⁇ em ⁇ e ⁇ a ⁇ u ⁇ a ⁇ lazmenn ⁇ m shnu ⁇ e reaches 50,000 ° C.
  • explosives are used that are explosive and are decomposed.
  • heterogeneous heterogeneous explosives such as mixtures of hydrogen and hydroxide. Condensed explosive materials are produced by ordinary casting or pressing in a cylinder with a diameter of 30 to 100 mm weighing 0.2 to 50 kg.
  • Explosive material such as explosive pressure is generated so that excessive explosive pressure builds up with an amplitude shock wave less than 3 GPa.
  • explosive material is used, which impedes the necessary amplitude of pressure and neglects the fact that it neglects P ⁇ i vz ⁇ yvcha ⁇ m ⁇ ev ⁇ aschenii d ⁇ lzhna s ⁇ zdava ⁇ sya d ⁇ s ⁇ a ⁇ chn ⁇ vys ⁇ aya ⁇ ntsen ⁇ atsiya ene ⁇ gii, ⁇ a ⁇ a ⁇ e ⁇ izuemaya pressure am ⁇ li ⁇ ud ⁇ y and ⁇ em ⁇ e ⁇ a ⁇ u ⁇ y, ne ⁇ b ⁇ dimymi for ⁇ mi ⁇ vaniya ⁇ las ⁇ e ⁇ n ⁇ y (me ⁇ as ⁇ abiln ⁇ y) s ⁇ u ⁇ u ⁇ y chas ⁇ its ⁇ luchaem ⁇ g ⁇ ma ⁇ e ⁇ iala.
  • excessive pressure in the shock wave must be at least 18 GPa at a temperature not lower than 3500 ⁇ . Such conditions are ensured, in particular, when using a mixture of throttyl-hexogen in a mass ratio of 1: 1.
  • additives can be up to 30% of the mass of the charge of an explosive material. These additives give the opportunity to receive oxides, nitrides, carbides of metals and their mixtures with metals.
  • various metals, salts, and metal compounds are used in various combinations and
  • the original material or mixture of substances is placed in the blast chamber, which provides a cylindrical container with an empty chamber when it is in a short circuit. Then, the original material is circulated by liquid in a dispersed state, which is dispersed to a particle size of at least 0.5 mm.
  • ⁇ ⁇ aches ⁇ e ⁇ ⁇ lazhdayuschey and ⁇ nse ⁇ vi ⁇ uyuschey zhid ⁇ s ⁇ i more vseg ⁇ is ⁇ lzuyu ⁇ v ⁇ du, s ⁇ i ⁇ y (e ⁇ an ⁇ l, die ⁇ ilengli ⁇ l, glitse ⁇ in) v ⁇ dnye ⁇ as ⁇ v ⁇ y s ⁇ i ⁇ v and ⁇ ganiches ⁇ i ⁇ vesches ⁇ v, na ⁇ ime ⁇ ⁇ lie ⁇ ilen ⁇ sida and ⁇ a ⁇ zhe zhid ⁇ ie uglev ⁇ d ⁇ dy, na ⁇ ime ⁇ ge ⁇ an, ⁇ e ⁇ sin, and masl ⁇ i ⁇ v ⁇ dnye emulsion.
  • Liquid can be dispersed by dispensing it in the form of jets or a droplet, and also by blowing it off with gas or vapor jets.
  • liquid in a dispersed form in a quantity that provides a solution to a complex process of particles and is used for the production of a which is a dispersed medium, provides a solution to the construction of particles of the resulting material.
  • the original material in the cam- era is filled with gas, as a result of being used, for example, by gas or by car.
  • gas for example, by gas or by car.
  • it blows gas out of the chamber and blows out a vacuum for 1 10 3 Pa.
  • the original material After the dispersed liquid has been sprayed, the original material will explode in the camera.
  • the charge of an explosive material is 0.2.
  • the liquid is dispersed by dispensing it in the form of streams or a 3-wire droplet
  • the liquid in the dispersion is at a rate of 10 - 100: 1 to the mass of the charge of the charged explosive material, that is, the original material.
  • P ⁇ ichem s ⁇ n ⁇ shenie 10 1 yavlyae ⁇ sya minimum and vybi ⁇ ae ⁇ sya for zhid ⁇ s ⁇ i, is ⁇ lzuem ⁇ y for ⁇ lazhdeniya and ⁇ nse ⁇ vatsii ⁇ las ⁇ e ⁇ n ⁇ y s ⁇ u ⁇ u ⁇ y ⁇ luchaem ⁇ g ⁇ ma ⁇ e ⁇ iala having ⁇ e ⁇ l ⁇ em ⁇ s ⁇ , bliz ⁇ uyu ⁇ ⁇ e ⁇ l ⁇ em ⁇ s ⁇ i v ⁇ dy, ⁇ aya is ⁇ lzue ⁇ sya ⁇ i vz ⁇ yve niz ⁇ al ⁇ iyny ⁇ vz ⁇ yvcha ⁇ y ⁇ vesches ⁇ v, specific ⁇ e ⁇ l ⁇ a ( ⁇ )) vz ⁇ yvcha ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ ev ⁇ ascheniya ⁇ y ⁇ not ⁇ evyshae ⁇ 2 , 9-10
  • the ratio of 100: 1 is the maximum and is selected for liquid used for cooling and cooling of the warehouse ⁇ luchaem ⁇ g ⁇ ma ⁇ e ⁇ iala having ⁇ e ⁇ l ⁇ em ⁇ s ⁇ , bliz ⁇ uyu ⁇ ⁇ e ⁇ l ⁇ em ⁇ s ⁇ i ⁇ e ⁇ sina, ⁇ aya is ⁇ lzue ⁇ sya ⁇ i vz ⁇ yve vys ⁇ al ⁇ iyny ⁇ vz ⁇ yvcha ⁇ y ⁇ vesches ⁇ v, specific ⁇ e ⁇ l ⁇ a ( ⁇ )) vz ⁇ yvcha ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ ev ⁇ ascheniya ⁇ y ⁇ d ⁇ s ⁇ igae ⁇ 8.4 NS 3 ⁇ Dzh / ⁇ g.
  • the dimensions of the jet are selected depending on the diameter of the charge of the explosive material or the diameter of the explosive outlet, and also taking into account the viscosity of the medium, it is used for the test.
  • a diameter of 7 mm to 15 mm is suitable for high explosive materials - 20 mm for 10 mm.
  • the liquid is also dispersed by the use of vapor blasting gas or steam
  • the diameter of the gas in the production of dispersed liquid is from 3 to 70 mm.
  • the liquid is charged at a charge of 500 - 1500: 1 is charged when the charge is discharged.
  • P ⁇ i s ⁇ n ⁇ shenii least 50: 1 is not reliable ⁇ bes ⁇ echivae ⁇ sya ⁇ nse ⁇ vatsiya chas ⁇ its with ⁇ las ⁇ e ⁇ n ⁇ y s ⁇ u ⁇ u ⁇ y, ⁇ b ⁇ azuyuschi ⁇ sya ⁇ i ⁇ ndensatsii ⁇ lazmy and ⁇ i ⁇ liches ⁇ ve zhid ⁇ s ⁇ i b ⁇ lee 500: Part 1 izby ⁇ chnaya its ⁇ as ⁇ due ⁇ sya v ⁇ l ⁇ s ⁇ uyu causing usl ⁇ zheniya in ⁇ ab ⁇ e us ⁇ an ⁇ v ⁇ i.
  • P ⁇ i is ⁇ lz ⁇ vanii tsen ⁇ i ⁇ ugi or s ⁇ s ⁇ ba ⁇ e ⁇ m ⁇ va ⁇ uumn ⁇ y ⁇ g ⁇ n ⁇ i to isolate zhid ⁇ s ⁇ i ⁇ luchayu ⁇ b ⁇ lee vyaz ⁇ ie dis ⁇ e ⁇ snye sis ⁇ emy with vyaz ⁇ s ⁇ y ⁇ ⁇ nes ⁇ l ⁇ i ⁇ desya ⁇ v d ⁇ 3,8-Yu 4 Pa-s with s ⁇ de ⁇ zhaniem dis ⁇ e ⁇ sn ⁇ y ⁇ azy ⁇ d ⁇ 25 55 wt.%.
  • This installation contains a cylindrical chamber 1 (Fig. 1) for blasting with a large 2, which prevents a leaky chamber 1.
  • a two-inlet is disconnected.
  • ⁇ ⁇ ve ⁇ s ⁇ ii 3 us ⁇ an ⁇ vlena zaglu ⁇ sa 5 on ⁇ y za ⁇ e ⁇ len ⁇ si ⁇ 6.
  • ⁇ a ⁇ ntse ⁇ si ⁇ a 6 ⁇ dveshen za ⁇ yad 4
  • Chamber 1 is equipped with a primary 11 with exhaust 12 and a vent 13 installed with a capacity of 14 for liquid, Providing cooling for blasting products and their compensation in the process of forming particles, the resulting material is improved and the thermal stability is not affected.
  • Hazard 22 is also connected to the drain pipe 28, and the valve 29 is installed in a short circuit.
  • Optional equipment for the distribution of materials in the public domain from the factory-installed partitions the following is set to the first.
  • P ⁇ i d ⁇ s ⁇ izhenii in em ⁇ s ⁇ i 24 Pressure a ⁇ m ⁇ s ⁇ e ⁇ n ⁇ g ⁇ ven ⁇ ilem 27 ⁇ e ⁇ e ⁇ yvayu ⁇ gaz ⁇ v ⁇ d 26.
  • Za ⁇ em in ⁇ ame ⁇ u 1 vv ⁇ dya ⁇ n ⁇ vuyu ⁇ tsiyu is ⁇ dn ⁇ g ⁇ ma ⁇ e ⁇ iala, ⁇ es ⁇ n ⁇ vy Charge 4 is explosive, and the technological process is carried out in the same process.
  • This unit contains a cylindrical camera 31 for detonating with a removable bottom 32. There is an optional 33 chamber for discharging a detonator 34 at the top of the camera 31.
  • ⁇ ve ⁇ s ⁇ ie 33 ⁇ e ⁇ e ⁇ y ⁇ zaglush ⁇ y 35 on ⁇ y za ⁇ e ⁇ len ⁇ si ⁇ 36.
  • ⁇ a ⁇ si ⁇ e 36 ⁇ dveshen za ⁇ yad 34 vz ⁇ yvcha ⁇ g ⁇ vesches ⁇ va with de ⁇ na ⁇ m, ⁇ azmeschenny in s ⁇ edney chas ⁇ i ⁇ ame ⁇ y 31.
  • ⁇ the minimum level at which liquid is eliminated and dispersed.
  • ⁇ slivn ⁇ y magis ⁇ ali 46 us ⁇ an ⁇ vlen ven ⁇ il 47.
  • ⁇ magis ⁇ ali 43 us ⁇ an ⁇ vlen ⁇ egulya ⁇ pressure ⁇ a ⁇ a 48 and 49.
  • gauge 50 was installed to measure the vapor pressure.
  • Line 44 is also connected to line 51, which is communicated with a fixed installation (not shown on the drawing), which creates excessive pressure in the line 51 of 0.1%.
  • ⁇ Magistral 51 has a 52 valve installed. Panel 50, 41 fluid level sensor, steam pressure regulator 48, valves 38, 49 and 52 are connected electrically to control unit 53.
  • the first 31 ⁇ ame ⁇ u za ⁇ lnyayu ⁇ zhid ⁇ s ⁇ yu, ⁇ bes ⁇ echivayuschey ⁇ lazhdenie ⁇ luchaem ⁇ g ⁇ ma ⁇ e ⁇ iala and ⁇ nse ⁇ vatsiyu ⁇ las ⁇ e ⁇ n ⁇ y s ⁇ u ⁇ u ⁇ y chas ⁇ its not lower u ⁇ vnya ⁇ 0 ⁇ a ⁇ a ⁇ e ⁇ izuyuscheg ⁇ minimaln ⁇ ne ⁇ b ⁇ dim ⁇ e quantity of fluid calculated earlier.
  • This installation contains a cylindrical chamber 54 (Fig. 3) for blasting made from an electrically insulated material, for example, from a plastic.
  • Chamber 54 has a bulge 55, which is equipped with an outlet for input 56, which has been removed from the metal and must be removed from the power supply.
  • the directional direction of 57 is connected, one of which is connected to motor 58, which is driven by the motor.
  • On top of the camera 54 there is a distribution plate 59 with a plurality of holes 60, intended for dispersion of the liquid by means of a pump. Between Bulk 55 and Plate 59, there is a space of 61 for pumping fluid.
  • Room 66 is equipped with a cooling unit 67.
  • drain line 71 a 72 valve is installed in the short circuit.
  • Chamber 54 of the gas inlet 73 is communicated with a cylinder 74 filled with an argon with a pressure of 0.11 PS.
  • ⁇ gas line 73 has a fixed valve 75 installed.
  • the installation contains a pulse source of 76 power supply with voltage from 20 to 50 kK ⁇ , by blowing the power supply, it will explode 56.
  • Source 76 power supply with voltage from 20 to 50 kK ⁇
  • 76 power supply is connected to 56 56 through a two-way switch
  • one terminal 78 of key 77 is connected to a single output 79 of a source 76 of power supply.
  • Key 77, electric motor 58, control 70 Liquid flow, pump 69 and power source 76 are connected to the power supply unit 80.
  • One inlet 81 of power supply unit 80 is connected through process 82 to a discharge outlet 79 of source 76 of food supply.
  • the other terminal 84 of key 77 is connected.
  • Another one inlet 85 of unit 80 of the electrical system is connected to the process 70.
  • Output 86 of unit 80 of the electric control is connected to key 77, output 87 to electric motor 58, and output 88 to power 69.
  • Power 62, source 76, and power supply 80 are grounded.
  • Optional equipment for the distribution of materials in the public domain from the factory-installed partitions the following is set for installation.
  • the movable contact of the key 77 is in the terminal 84, and the receiver is P ⁇ i ⁇ n ⁇ a ⁇ e ⁇ v ⁇ l ⁇ i 56 ele ⁇ d ⁇ m 62 to 83 in ⁇ ⁇ d bl ⁇ a 80 u ⁇ avleniya ⁇ s ⁇ u ⁇ ae ⁇ signal, ⁇ ⁇ mu bl ⁇ 80 It generates an output signal emitted from the output of 87 to the electric motor 58, and the last one is stopped and the output of the 56 module is received in the 54-channel. This signal also emits to output 86. Then, at input 81, it emits a signal at the charge source voltage of 76.
  • P ⁇ i ⁇ az ⁇ yade na ⁇ yazhenie on vy ⁇ de 79 is ⁇ chni ⁇ a power
  • P ⁇ e ⁇ mu the signal of the mobile key switch 77 is moved to the original cable, and the cable is connected to the cable 84.
  • the car is plugged in
  • the resulting structured dispersed systems determine the chemical composition and concentration of the dispersed phase, and the dynamic viscosity is measured as well.
  • ⁇ edelenie dinamiches ⁇ y vyaz ⁇ s ⁇ i (#) ⁇ luchenn ⁇ y sus ⁇ enzii ⁇ susches ⁇ vlyayu ⁇ on ⁇ atsi ⁇ nny ⁇ vis ⁇ zime ⁇ a ⁇ ⁇ i ⁇ a " ⁇ le ⁇ e ⁇ -2" dia ⁇ az ⁇ n ⁇ m izme ⁇ eny ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 d ⁇ Yu "4 Pa.s and” ⁇ e ⁇ g ⁇ "with dia ⁇ az ⁇ n ⁇ m izme ⁇ eny ⁇ 0.5 d ⁇ 10 ⁇ Pa.s.
  • the dispersed phase in carbon is the carbon material, which separates its composition and elm.
  • the water enters in a quantity of 94.5 wt.%
  • the carbon material in a quantity of 5.5 wt. %
  • the viscosity of the resulting structured suspension is 0.52 Pa-s.
  • the viscosity of the water at a temperature of 20 ° C is 0 " 3 Pa-s. In general, viscous
  • the resulting structured suspension is more than five times higher, which increases the viscosity of water.
  • the dispersed food stock amounted to 5.2 kg, which was ten times more than the charge mass 4.
  • the mixture in a tank of 24 cooled to a temperature not exceeding 60 ° ⁇ .
  • the result is a consequent discharge of the charge 4.
  • the resulting mixture is pumped from a tank of 24 to a container of 14 after an additional separation.
  • Received 40 kg of the structured suspension in essence, the same as described in Example 1. Then, from the resulting structure, there is a risk of disruption.
  • the viscosity of suspensions varies, from 0.52 to 40.9 pas, which is more than four times higher than the viscosity.
  • Example 3 The process is similar to that described in Example 3, except for the fact that, as a liquid, a mixture is used which contains 70% by weight of dispersed and 30% by weight. Pour it into a capacity of 14 in the amount of 100 kg and stir to formulate the emulsion. It feeds this emulsion in a chamber 1 with a yield of 19.6 kg / s. It produces a blow from a charge. With this quantity of emulsion, which is located in chamber 1 in the dispersed state, it is 7.2 kg, which results in a gain of 12 kg / m 3 , which results in an increase in volume of Received a structured suspension in the amount of 72 kg.
  • the product comes in quantities of 96.9 wt.% And carbon material in the amount of 3.1 wt.%.
  • the visibility of the resulting suspension Equals 0.41 Pa-s. ⁇ yaz ⁇ s ⁇ ⁇ e ⁇ sina ⁇ i ⁇ em ⁇ a ⁇ u ⁇ 20 ° C s ⁇ s ⁇ avlya ⁇ 1,9-10 "3 Pa-s.
  • vyaz ⁇ s ⁇ ⁇ luch ⁇ in ⁇ y s ⁇ u ⁇ u ⁇ i ⁇ vann ⁇ y sus ⁇ nzii ⁇ ime ⁇ n ⁇ in dves ⁇ i ⁇ az ⁇ evysha ⁇ vyaz ⁇ s ⁇ is ⁇ lzu ⁇ m ⁇ y sm ⁇ si ⁇ sina with v ⁇ d ⁇ y.
  • step 4 The process is similar to that described in step 3, except that, as a rule, you will use the keys. Pour it into a capacity of 14 in the amount of 100 kg. They deliver kerosin in camera 1 with a yield of 30 kg / s. P ⁇ izv ⁇ dya ⁇ ⁇ d ⁇ yv dvadtsa ⁇ i za ⁇ yad ⁇ v 4.
  • the viscousness of a better structure of the suspension is five times greater than the viscosity of the sand.
  • composition of the resulting structured suspension 30 volumetric oils are obtained in quantities of 96% by weight and carbonaceous material in the amount of 4% by weight.
  • the viscosity of the resulting suspension is 0.74 Pa, which is * at 35 times higher than the viscosity of the oil.
  • the charge is explosive, with a mass of 0.5 kg, it is ready to be discharged into a cylinder with a diameter of 40 mm and a length of 250 mm with a total weight of 36%, which is 36% weight.
  • the process is similar to that described in method 3, except that it is prepared from a mixture containing 50 wt.
  • the total mass of charge 4, consisting of eight blocks, is 50 kg, length - 4000 mm.
  • Charges are carried out in the camera 1 diammeter of 2 m and a length of 10 m. Blocks of charge 4 are doubled to ⁇ .
  • ⁇ For convenience, use a 30% aqueous glycerol paste, which is quickly poured into a quantity of 14 in a quantity of 8000 kg.
  • the issuance of vidosity in the camera 1 is produced through a separate plate of 8 thousand and a diameter of 9 with a diameter of 20 mm, with a gap of 42 mm.
  • a 30% aqueous glycerin content is obtained in the amount of 85% by weight and carbon material in the amount of 15% by weight.
  • the viscosity of the resulting suspension is 6.72 Pa s.
  • the viscosity of the original glycerin in water is equal to 0.38 Pa.s, which is about 18 times less than the viscosity of the resulting structured suspension.
  • the construction of the indicated product and the carbon material is significantly weaker, which is worse in the case of coal, which is the result of more than 5 cases.
  • a mixture On a liquid basis, a mixture is used which contains 70% by weight of kerosene and 30% by weight of distilled water. Pour it into a capacity of 14 in quantities of 5000 kg. There are charges in the camcorder of 1 diam. Of 2 m and a length of 10 m. liquids in the chamber 1 are produced through a separation plate of 8 thousand and apertures of 9 diameters of 20 mm, with a flow rate of 1400 kg / s.
  • a 30% aqueous glycocyanate composition is included in the amount of 85.5 wt.% And a carbon material in the amount of 14.5 wt.
  • the viscosity of the resulting suspension is 6.05 Pa.s.
  • the viscosity of the original glycerine in water is equal to 0.38 Pa.s. In general, viscous
  • step 10 The process is similar to that described in step 10, except for the fact that, as a liquid, water is used in quantities of 500. Manufacture of five-speed charging devices.
  • Example 12 There is a similar procedure as described in Example 10, except that, as a liquid, 40% of the aqueous product is used in the process. The result is a positive discharge of charge 34. The liquid mass in the dispersed state is higher than the mass of the charge 34 per minute. The concentration of dispersed vodka in the chamber is 200 kg / m 3 .
  • a structured suspension in quantities of 220 kg. After the composition of the resulting structured suspension, a 40% aqueous solution of ethanol is obtained in the amount of 96% by weight and carbonaceous material in the amount of 4%.
  • the viscosity of the resulting suspension is 0.294 Pa-s.
  • the viscosity of the indicated ethanol product in water is equal to 1,057-10 ⁇ 3 Pa-s. In general, the viscosity of the resulting structure of the suspension is more than 200 times higher than the viscosity of the use of ethanol.
  • Example 14 They receive a structured suspension in the amount of 250 kg, including a small amount of water in the amount of 92 wt.%, Aluminum oxide - 4 wt.%, Aluminum carbide - 2.4 wt.%.
  • the viscosity of the resulting structured suspension is 0.65 Pa.s., which is almost five times higher than the viscosity of water.
  • Section 54 of the proposed installation has a diameter of 230 mm and a height of 200 mm.
  • Camera 54 fills the acronym with atmospheric pressure.
  • ⁇ capacity 66 pours in ⁇ ssin in the amount of 50 kg.
  • the mass of liquid in chamber 54 in the dispersed state is at least 190 g, which in turn increases the mass of the source.
  • the concentration of discounts in the volume of the camera 54 is not less than 24 kg / m 3 .
  • introduce a new disconnect from the copper circuit 56 produce a third blast and thus neglect the process 90 minutes.
  • the resulting mixture is merged into a separate container and is left for a day. After the absence of the improved student body, they remove the accrued benefit by obtaining the result of the construction in the case of 14 kg.
  • the result is at 60 minutes. It produces 6.5 kg of the finished suspension, containing 96.2% by weight of sorbent and 3.8% by weight of nickel nickel in a non-static composition.
  • the viscosity of the resulting structure of suspension is 0.5 Pa, which is more than two times higher than the viscosity.
  • the claimed carbon dispersed compounds are obtained for each of the indicated dispersed media with different composition of the carbon material, from 1 wt.% Up to 55 wt.% (Wt.%).
  • Liquid is removed from the suspension with the use of a centrifuge.
  • Some of the dry matter is removed with a dry temperature of 60 ° C. They measure the dynamic viscosity of the best performance.
  • the dependence of the viscosities of the declared variants of the claimed compo- sition of the content of coal of one of the materials with the sizes of particles of diamond-like unit is not more than 4 nm.
  • the table shows the viscosity values for liquids, which are dispersed media.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des procédés d'obtention de matériaux à l'état dispersé au moyen d'un énergie d'explosion. Le procédé de l'invention consiste à faire exploser la substance initiale ou un mélange de substances sous une pression donnée, avec une amplitude d'onde de choc d'au moins 3 GPa, en présence d'un liquide à l'état dispersé, la grosseur des particules dépassant 0,5 mm, en une quantité assurant la conservation de la structure d'agglomérat des particules du matériau obtenu, ainsi que la formation d'un système dispersé dans celui-ci, et, après la condensation des vapeurs de liquide, à extraire du mélange obtenu une partie du liquide en quantité suffisante pour assurer la création d'un système dispersé et structuré avec la partie restante du liquide, la viscosité du système dépassant au moins d'un ordre de grandeur donné celle du liquide.
PCT/RU1993/000112 1992-05-19 1993-05-18 Procede d'obtention de materiaux a l'etat disperse au moyen d'une structure d'agglomerat de particules WO1993023189A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU5037157 1992-05-19
SU5037157 RU2021851C1 (ru) 1992-05-19 1992-05-19 Способ получения материалов в дисперсном состоянии с кластерной структурой частиц

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1993023189A1 true WO1993023189A1 (fr) 1993-11-25

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RU (1) RU2021851C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1993023189A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2146225C1 (ru) * 1994-12-24 2000-03-10 АББ Флэкт АБ Способ и устройство для механической очистки порошка от прилипающих к его поверхности загрязнений в виде частиц

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RU2127225C1 (ru) * 1996-10-11 1999-03-10 Бланк Владимир Давыдович Сверхтвердый углеродный материал, способ его получения и изделие, выполненное из сверхтвердого углеродного материала
EP1071149B1 (fr) * 1999-07-19 2006-11-29 Sony Corporation Conducteurs protoniques, leurs procédés de fabrication et pile à combustible
RU2327515C1 (ru) * 2006-12-19 2008-06-27 Вячеслав Васильевич Даниленко Взрывная камера для синтеза детонационных наноалмазов
RU2327637C1 (ru) * 2007-01-17 2008-06-27 Вячеслав Васильевич Даниленко Способ получения детонационных наноалмазов
RU2389496C2 (ru) * 2007-10-29 2010-05-20 Фанис Фаргапович Абдульменов Способ получения раствора ионного серебра
RU2424084C1 (ru) * 2010-05-05 2011-07-20 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Научно-исследовательский машиностроительный институт" (ФГУП "НИМИ") Способ диспергирования металла на частицы, лишенные оксидной пленки
RU2455118C2 (ru) * 2010-05-24 2012-07-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ПЛАЗМИКА" Стеклометаллические микрошарики и способ их получения
RU2516204C2 (ru) * 2012-05-28 2014-05-20 Геннадий Владимирович Конюшков Способ диффузионной сварки металлов с неметаллами методом электрически взрываемых прослоев в вакууме

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DE1567746B2 (de) * 1964-05-19 1970-09-17 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company, Wilmington, Del. (V.St.A.) Verfahren zur Herstellung synthetischer Diamanten
US3634040A (en) * 1970-05-27 1972-01-11 Us Air Force Metal explosion apparatus
US4367130A (en) * 1970-11-30 1983-01-04 Lemelson Jerome H Chemical reaction
WO1992017303A1 (fr) * 1991-04-04 1992-10-15 Aktsionernoe Obschestvo Server Procede et installation permettant d'obtenir des poudres hautement dispersives de substances non organiques
WO1993001129A1 (fr) * 1991-07-03 1993-01-21 Novosibirsky Zavod Iskusstvennogo Volokna Composition au carbone et son procede d'obtention

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1567746B2 (de) * 1964-05-19 1970-09-17 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company, Wilmington, Del. (V.St.A.) Verfahren zur Herstellung synthetischer Diamanten
US3634040A (en) * 1970-05-27 1972-01-11 Us Air Force Metal explosion apparatus
US4367130A (en) * 1970-11-30 1983-01-04 Lemelson Jerome H Chemical reaction
WO1992017303A1 (fr) * 1991-04-04 1992-10-15 Aktsionernoe Obschestvo Server Procede et installation permettant d'obtenir des poudres hautement dispersives de substances non organiques
WO1993001129A1 (fr) * 1991-07-03 1993-01-21 Novosibirsky Zavod Iskusstvennogo Volokna Composition au carbone et son procede d'obtention

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2146225C1 (ru) * 1994-12-24 2000-03-10 АББ Флэкт АБ Способ и устройство для механической очистки порошка от прилипающих к его поверхности загрязнений в виде частиц

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