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WO1994014367A1 - Endoscope rigide ayant une tige pour la transmission des images - Google Patents

Endoscope rigide ayant une tige pour la transmission des images Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994014367A1
WO1994014367A1 PCT/US1993/012489 US9312489W WO9414367A1 WO 1994014367 A1 WO1994014367 A1 WO 1994014367A1 US 9312489 W US9312489 W US 9312489W WO 9414367 A1 WO9414367 A1 WO 9414367A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rod
light
image
tunnel
proximal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1993/012489
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Walter P. Siegmund
Paul W. Remijan
John M. Smith
Original Assignee
Schott Fiber Optics Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schott Fiber Optics Inc. filed Critical Schott Fiber Optics Inc.
Priority to AU59854/94A priority Critical patent/AU5985494A/en
Priority to EP94905945A priority patent/EP0673220A1/fr
Priority to JP6515416A priority patent/JPH08507871A/ja
Publication of WO1994014367A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994014367A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/04—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances
    • A61B1/042—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances characterised by a proximal camera, e.g. a CCD camera
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00064—Constructional details of the endoscope body
    • A61B1/0011—Manufacturing of endoscope parts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/04—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances
    • A61B1/055—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances having rod-lens arrangements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
    • A61B1/0607—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements for annular illumination
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
    • A61B1/07—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements using light-conductive means, e.g. optical fibres
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S385/00—Optical waveguides
    • Y10S385/902—Nonbundle fiberscope devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S600/00—Surgery
    • Y10S600/92—Method of making endoscopes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to rigid endoscopes for viewing into generally inaccessible areas, such as various body cavities or industrial components.
  • Endoscopes for remotely viewing into body cavities or industrial components are well-known.
  • Such endoscopes can be divided into two categories, rigid and flexible.
  • Most flexible endoscopes utilize fiber optic image transfer bundles to carry the image from the distal tip to the proximal eyepiece.
  • Other flexible endoscopes employ a small CCD chip at the distal tip and use fiber optics only for illumination and not for direct transfer of the image.
  • Rigid endoscopes employing a train of lenses for image transfer require many lenses in order to transfer the image through a slender tube while retaining good resolving capabilities and a wide field of view. It is necessary that endoscope probe lengths reach as high as 30-40 centimeters, and such lengths require as many as 20-30 lenses in order to transmit a clear, bright image. Each lens requires grinding, polishing, and coating to obtain high optical quality, and must be aligned and mounted in a rigid encasement with great precision. As a result, the cost of producing such rigid endoscopes is very high.
  • rod-lens construction precludes the feasibility of removal and disposal of the whole shaft after a single use, which would be a preferred option, especially for cleanliness in medical applications.
  • Removable, disposable sheaths which cover the length of the shaft have been proposed.
  • sheaths do not provide adequate protection against bacterial contamination, are cumbersome to work with, and are susceptible to breakage.
  • Stereo versions of rod-lens type endoscopes are also known in the prior art. For example, U.S. Patent No. 5,122,650 to McKinley, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, teaches such an endoscope.
  • the rigid endoscope of the invention comprises a shaft which is constructed in such a manner, and from such materials, as to allow it to be removed and disposed of at a low cost.
  • the present invention provides a rigid endoscope utilizing a solid transparent high refractive index (HRI) tunnel rod, preferably made of glass, in place of the conventional train of lenses discussed above, for conducting image light from a distal end to a proximal end of the device, the outer surface of such rod being modified so that a minimum of light is scattered and/or reflected within the rod, thus minimizing veiling glare and contrast reduction of the image which is formed by the proximal optics near the HRI tunnel rod's proximal end.
  • Relatively simple lenses are incorporated at the ends of the HRI tunnel rod for image formation so as to cover a wide object field and to relay the image to a receiving device, such as a video camera.
  • this invention provides a rigid endoscope device useful for remotely examining a cavity, comprising distal optics for forming an image of an object area to be examined, an HRI tunnel rod of transparent material having an index of refraction greater than 1 for conducting image light from a distal end to a proximal end of said endoscope, the HRI tunnel rod having an outer surface which is blackened effectively to inhibit internal scattering of light, proximal optics located at a proximal end of the HRI tunnel rod, the proximal optics serving to relay an image of an object area to be examined, and a means for receiving and displaying the image relayed from the proximal optics.
  • the HRI tunnel rod serves two major purposes: 1) it shortens the apparent distance from the proximal to the distal end by virtue of its refractive index being greater than that of air, and 2) it provides a light tunnel which can transmit image light over a relatively long distance without veiling energy from wall scatter by virtue of its modified inside walls.
  • a preferred method of modification is by exposing the HRI tunnel rod to a reducing atmosphere, thereby reducing metal oxides to metal around the outer surface of the HRI tunnel rod to create a thoroughly blackened outer surface whose inner-diameter surface is greatly non-reflective, even at grazing incidences.
  • a preferred reducing .method is hydrogen firing, wherein the HRI tunnel rod is exposed to a heated atmosphere of hydrogen. Such methods are taught in detail in U.S. Patent No. 4,760,307 to Howorth, 5,074,899 to Howorth, and U.S. Patent No. 5,078,773 to Thomas.
  • the invention provides an improved stereo measuring endoscope which resolves bright, clear images, contains fewer optical components, is less costly to manufacture, and which provides a shaft that may be disposed of at a low cost.
  • the invention provides a method of producing a shaft for a rigid endoscope which is capable of accurately transmitting image light of high resolution from a distal end of the endoscope to a proximal end thereof, comprising modifying a rod of high refractive index transparent material by blackening the outer surface of the HRI tunnel rod, thereby creating an inner surface which minimizes the amount of light scattered and reflected within the HRI tunnel rod to an extent that veiling glare and contrast reduction of an image transmitted by the HRI tunnel rod are reduced, and surrounding the HRI tunnel rod with a ring of light-conducting members, the light- conducting members being oriented so as to run generally parallel to the HRI tunnel rod.
  • Fig. 1 shows the basic elements of the endoscope according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the present invention wherein a positive lens is used as the distal optics.
  • Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the present invention wherein a negative lens is used as the distal optics.
  • Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of the present invention wherein a concave "dimple" is formed on the distal end of the HRI tunnel rod.
  • Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of the present invention wherein an eyepiece is used as a means of viewing the image produced.
  • Fig. 6a and 6b show an embodiment of the present invention wherein the shaft is of an all-glass, integral construction.
  • Fig. 7 shows an embodiment of the present invention wherein the shaft of the device is rectangular in cross- section.
  • Figure 8 shows an embodiment of the present invention wherein the tunnel rod is surrounded by a solid light- conducting sleeve.
  • Figure 9a shows a cross-section of the shaft shown in the embodiment of Figure 9.
  • Figure 10 shows an embodiment wherein there is provided an arrangement of relay optics which produces a stereo image pair from light transferred by a single HRI tunnel rod and single set of distal optics.
  • a solid transparent HRI tunnel rod 1 serves as an optical tunnel to allow the image formed by a relatively simple lens 5 at the distal end to be viewed by the eye, via an image-recording device 3, which may be a CCD camera or the like.
  • the HRI tunnel rod 1 is made of glass; however, other transparent materials, including conventional polymers such as lucite, or even water, can be used for the rod's composition.
  • the HRI tunnel rod shortens the apparent distance from the proximal to the distal end by virtue of its refractive index being greater than that of air.
  • a preferable method is by grinding, etching, sandblasting, or otherwise roughening the surface of the rod and then firing it at an elevated temperature in a reducing atmosphere, such as a hydrogen atmosphere.
  • the hydrogen reduces certain metallic oxides present in the glass, such as lead or arsenic, to metal and causes the surface of the HRI tunnel rod to create a thoroughly blackened surface 7.
  • the rod may be composed of a conventional high-index, lead- containing glass in order to aid in the hydrogen-firing process.
  • Such a reducing treatment is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,078,773 to Thomas.
  • Another, less-effective method of modification is to grind, sandblast, or otherwise roughen the wall surface of the HRI tunnel rod and coat the so-treated surface with a black material, such as paint or resin, which preferably has a refractive index which closely matches that of the rod.
  • the distal optics 5, which may be either a positive or a negative lens or lens system, forms an image of the object space, generally a volume of low accessibility, that image being of generally reduced size.
  • the object space may be, for example, the inside of an abdominal cavity.
  • rigid endoscopes are also used for viewing the inside of industrial components such as weldments or castings.
  • the HRI tunnel rod 1 by virtue of its blackened surface and zero-focussing power, will "transfer” the image light along the endoscope shaft with minimal stray light interfering with the image.
  • a relay lens 17 is provided at the proximal end of the HRI tunnel rod 1 to focus the image formed by the distal objective lens 5 onto the image- recording device 3.
  • a rigid, elongated tubular housing 37 comprises a sheath made of stainless steel or glass, or other material.
  • a ring of optical fibers 25 is formed around the tunnel rod 1 to provide illuminating light 2 to illuminate the field of view 6. These fibers 25 terminate at the distal end of the shaft and have polished ends.
  • the fibers 25 are routed in the handle 27 of the endoscope so as not to interfere with the optical path from the relay lens 17 to the imaging device 3, and are gathered together in a compact, generally circular bundle 29 and bonded into a tubular connector 31 mounted at the side or proximal end of the handle.
  • a remote light source 33 which may be a Xenon arc lamp or other high intensity lamp, is transmitted to the connector 31 by means of a fiber optic cable 35.
  • This cable may be separable or may be integral with the bundle 29.
  • a preferred embodiment of the endoscope has a separable shaft and handle to provide 1) disposability of the shaft, 2) interchangeable shafts of varying diameters or lengths, or 3) autoclavability of the shaft portion of the endoscope.
  • the shaft may consist of a glass HRI tunnel rod and a surrounding ring of light- conducting material, fibers or clad rods.
  • a surrounding housing such as a stainless steel or glass tube may be provided, or the light-conducting material may serve also as a housing.
  • an aluminum-coated plastic tube may serve as both the housing and light-guide illuminator.
  • a simple mechanical coupling 39, Figure 1 may be used to lock the shaft into the handle. Such coupling may be a ball detent, collet, threaded locking ring, or other means.
  • the handle may contain the relay lens placed just behind the proximal end of the HRI tunnel rod 1, and may also contain a fiber bundle resembling a "cobra head” to form a ring of fibers 41 to optically couple to those in the shaft in very near contact (or actual contact) at a coupling point 43.
  • a suitable light-tight ring seal 45 is used to prevent any of the light carried by the fibers 41 from entering the optical path of the image light in the space between the HRI tunnel rod 1 and the relay lens 17.
  • the handle 27 may not be steam sterilizable, it may be gas sterilized in ethylene oxide gas or disinfected and/or sterilized by other appropriate means.
  • the housing 37 may be made from metals or plastic or combinations thereof.
  • a real image 9 is formed at or near the entrance face of the HRI tunnel rod 1.
  • a virtual image 15 is formed in front of the negative lens 13.
  • the distal and proximal optics in each of the embodiments may be simple plano-convex or plano-concave lenses, combinations of simple lenses, or more complex structures with aspheric surfaces for correction of image aberrations.
  • a simple form of objective lens may be utilized by incorporating a concave "dimple" 19 into the distal end of the HRI tunnel rod 1.
  • the dimple 19 may be formed by grinding and polishing a concave surface directly into the end of the solid glass HRI tunnel rod 1, or such may be accomplished by hot-pressing the end of the rod.
  • the real image produced by relay lens 17 can be viewed directly through an eyepiece 21.
  • a means for erecting the image is required.
  • An aperture 23 placed between the relay lens 17 and the HRI tunnel rod 1 can be used to cut off rays which travel very close to the inner- diameter of the blackened surface 7 of HRI tunnel rod 1 and which may be distorted due to any slight inhomogeneities in the rod near these walls.
  • the entire shaft, including the HRI tunnel rod 1 and fibers 25, may be made of low cost materials, and hence be disposable after one use or after limited use.
  • the shaft is made of an all-glass construction with a pre-blackened HRI tunnel rod 1 surrounded by glass-clad fibers 51a or keystone- shaped rods 51b, and surrounded by a glass housing 53 having a low coefficient of thermal expansion. This provides a mechanically very rugged construction for the shaft.
  • both glass-clad fibers 51a and keystone- shaped rods 51b appear in FIG. 6a for purposes of illustration, an embodiment using a single light-conducting material may be preferable for purposes of design- simplification.
  • the outer glass housing 53 may also be blackened, such as by firing in hydrogen, to produce a glossy black finish.
  • Such an integral shaft may be made by assembling the pre- drawn and blackened glass rod along with a ring of light pipes into the glass housing and redrawing at a relatively low drawing ratio (such as 2:1) to thermally fuse all the glass elements into a sealed, void-free rod.
  • the surface of the HRI tunnel rod which is oversized in diameter prior to the final draw to the desired diameter, may be modified by very coarse grinding and/or cutting of shallow, circular, or spiral grooves (by sandblasting through a mask, for example) so as to produce shallow baffles inside the HRI tunnel rod.
  • the rod may then be fired in a reducing atmosphere to blacken the roughened and grooved exterior surface. This also causes the interior "surface" of the rod to appear very black.
  • the housing and HRI tunnel rod are formed so as to be circular in cross- section.
  • an HRI tunnel rod la which is rectangular in cross-section could be used.
  • Such an embodiment might be advantageous in order to conform the shape of the image output to the shape of the detector used.
  • CCD detectors are generally available in rectangular form, and thus an endoscope which uses such a detector would benefit from a rod and housing which produce a rectangular image.
  • Figure 8 illustrates an embodiment wherein a light- conducting sleeve 67 provides a cavity for transfer of illumination energy to the object. A typical illumination input point is shown at 78.
  • the above embodiments are preferred for producing endoscopes which utilize an HRI rod having an aspect ratio of about 45:1 and an area of illuminating fibers approximately equal to the cross-sectional area of the rod.
  • an HRI rod having an aspect ratio of about 45:1 and an area of illuminating fibers approximately equal to the cross-sectional area of the rod.
  • the level of illumination at the CCD may be insufficient to reproduce satisfactory video images at the monitor.
  • the rod aspect ratio is dictated by the endoscopic requirements, such as those for performing laparoscopy, the overall cross-section of the endoscope is similarly limited (typically 9-11 millimeters diameter) ; and, the light source (typically a Xenon arc lamp) cannot readily be made more intense.
  • the preferred means for increasing the illumination on the CCD is to increase the refractive index of the HRI rod 1 (FIG. 1) to the highest practical level, e.g. , up to 1.95.
  • a refractive index increase of the HRI rod shifts the apparent position of the distal lens 5 (FIG. 1) toward the proximal relay lens 17 (FIG. 1) , thus shortening the optical distance between the distal "window” (actually the distal lens) and relay lens 17.
  • a shorter relay focal length is required to fill the CCD ship with an image of the "window.”
  • Illumination E at the CCD chip is proportional to the squared reciprocal of the relay f- number:
  • f is the relay focal length and D is the HRI rod diameter.
  • Other methods of increasing illumination at the CCD include 1) decreasing the field of view by means of longer focal length distal optics, and 2) decreasing the image size at the CCD by means of shorter focal length relay optics. Both of these methods may produce images which are less acceptable in some marketplaces.
  • FIGs. 11 and 12 illustrate “hybrid” embodiments wherein such additional optical means are used.
  • a tunnel rod having blackened walls is modified by "breaking" it into two (or more) segments 121, 123 and adding a relaying lens or lenses in the spaces between the rods.
  • the relay lens comprises modified ends 125, 127 of the tunnel rods 121, 123.
  • Modification is performed, e.g., by contouring a convex surface onto an end portion of at least one of the tunnel rods such that it forms an image 131 of the object 132 inside or near the end of the proximal rod, the image 131 preferably being of less than or equal diameter to the rod.
  • This internal (relayed) image 131 is, 5 in turn, focused onto a CCD by a proximal relay lens 135.
  • the image 131 and distal "window" image 137 are both now much nearer the proximal relay lens 135, which requires a correspondingly shorter focal length.
  • the focal length of proximal relay lens 135 decreases to at least half of its 0 original value and increases the illumination on the CCD 133 by the inverse square of this ratio.
  • hybrid embodiment may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
  • examples of such variations include, e.g., 5 using a more complex objective lens 138, such as one or more negative, positive, or combinations of lenses, aspherizing both tunnel rods to relay the image, adding one or more lenses between the tunnel rods to improve the quality of the relayed images, 131, 137 (i.e., so as to 0 correct spherical and chromatic aberration) .
  • FIG. 11 shows a "hybrid" tunnel scope with an intermediate relay lens to extend the length, e.g., from 8 inches to 16 inches.
  • This embodiment preferably uses a 6- millimeter diameter rod 101 which is 200 millimeters long with a concave tip (objective lens) 109.
  • a second 8- millimeter diameter rod 103 which is 200 millimeters long with piano ends is further provided.
  • a pair of 115- millimeter EFL achromatic doublets 105, 107 are placed face-to-face between the rods 101, 103.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Endoscopes (AREA)
  • Instruments For Viewing The Inside Of Hollow Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à un endoscope rigide utilisant une tige tunnel (1) à indice de réfraction élevé (IRE), fabriquée de préférence en verre, pour le transfert de la lumière formant les images à partir d'une extrémité distale jusqu'à une extrémité proximale du dispositif. La tige tunnel à indice de réfraction élevé est pourvue d'une surface noircie (7) pour qu'un minimum de lumière soit dispersé et réfléchi à l'intérieur de la tige. Cette tige tunnel à indice de réfraction élevé raccourcit la distance apparente entre l'extrémité proximale et l'extrémité distale, grâce au fait que son indice de réfraction est supérieur à celui de l'air, et elle forme en outre un tunnel (25) de passage de la lumière qui peut transporter l'image sur une distance relativement longue grâce à ses parois intérieures modifiées. Des lentilles relativement simples (5, 17) sont incorporées aux extrémités de la tige pour la formation des images, afin de couvrir un champ objet large et afin de relayer l'image jusqu'à une caméra vidéo (3). Dans des modes de réalisation de cet endoscope remplsisant une fonction de mesure stéréo, on prévoit deux voies optiques pour la production de deux images contenant les données de parallaxe.
PCT/US1993/012489 1992-12-18 1993-12-20 Endoscope rigide ayant une tige pour la transmission des images WO1994014367A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU59854/94A AU5985494A (en) 1992-12-18 1993-12-20 Rigid endoscope provided with image transmitting rod
EP94905945A EP0673220A1 (fr) 1992-12-18 1993-12-20 Endoscope rigide ayant une tige pour la transmission des images
JP6515416A JPH08507871A (ja) 1992-12-18 1993-12-20 修正した高屈折率トンネルロッドを有する剛直な内視鏡及びその製造方法

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/992,660 US5423312A (en) 1992-12-18 1992-12-18 Rigid endoscope having modified high refractive index tunnel rod for image transmission and method of manufacture thereof
US07/992,660 1992-12-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994014367A1 true WO1994014367A1 (fr) 1994-07-07

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1993/012489 WO1994014367A1 (fr) 1992-12-18 1993-12-20 Endoscope rigide ayant une tige pour la transmission des images

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (2) US5423312A (fr)
EP (1) EP0673220A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH08507871A (fr)
AU (1) AU5985494A (fr)
WO (1) WO1994014367A1 (fr)

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US5891015A (en) * 1994-04-14 1999-04-06 Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung Endoscope including a front lens group and an inner lens group forming a telesystem
WO2001019235A1 (fr) * 1999-09-13 2001-03-22 Visionscope, Inc. Systeme endoscopique miniature
US6478730B1 (en) 1998-09-09 2002-11-12 Visionscope, Inc. Zoom laparoscope
US6863651B2 (en) 2001-10-19 2005-03-08 Visionscope, Llc Miniature endoscope with imaging fiber system
US10595710B2 (en) 2001-10-19 2020-03-24 Visionscope Technologies Llc Portable imaging system employing a miniature endoscope
US11484189B2 (en) 2001-10-19 2022-11-01 Visionscope Technologies Llc Portable imaging system employing a miniature endoscope

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US6487440B2 (en) 1998-07-08 2002-11-26 Lifespex, Inc. Optical probe having and methods for difuse and uniform light irradiation
US6332092B1 (en) 1998-07-08 2001-12-18 Lifespex, Incorporated Optical probe having and methods for uniform light irradiation and/or light collection over a volume
EP1028649A4 (fr) 1998-09-09 2004-10-20 Dennis Q Mcmanus Procede et dispositif de microscopie
US20030081310A1 (en) * 1998-09-09 2003-05-01 Mcmanus Dennis Q. Microscopy method and apparatus
US6275718B1 (en) * 1999-03-23 2001-08-14 Philip Lempert Method and apparatus for imaging and analysis of ocular tissue
DE19924440A1 (de) * 1999-05-28 2000-12-07 Storz Karl Gmbh & Co Kg Schaft für ein flexibles Endoskop
US6610043B1 (en) 1999-08-23 2003-08-26 Bistech, Inc. Tissue volume reduction
US7654998B1 (en) 1999-08-23 2010-02-02 Aeris Therapeutics, Inc. Tissue volume reduction
US8317689B1 (en) * 1999-09-13 2012-11-27 Visionscope Technologies Llc Miniature endoscope system
US6498884B1 (en) 1999-10-21 2002-12-24 Quickie Vision Llc Wide-view endoscope compatible with HDTV format
IL177381A0 (en) * 2000-03-08 2006-12-10 Given Imaging Ltd A device for in vivo imaging
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US5630784A (en) 1997-05-20
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US5423312A (en) 1995-06-13
JPH08507871A (ja) 1996-08-20

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