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WO1997042767A1 - Procede de quantification et procede de quantification inverse de coefficients de codage par transformation d'un flux de donnees video - Google Patents

Procede de quantification et procede de quantification inverse de coefficients de codage par transformation d'un flux de donnees video Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997042767A1
WO1997042767A1 PCT/DE1997/000859 DE9700859W WO9742767A1 WO 1997042767 A1 WO1997042767 A1 WO 1997042767A1 DE 9700859 W DE9700859 W DE 9700859W WO 9742767 A1 WO9742767 A1 WO 9742767A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
quantization
video data
data stream
matrix
coefficients
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1997/000859
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Claus Schneider
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO1997042767A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997042767A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/124—Quantisation
    • H04N19/126—Details of normalisation or weighting functions, e.g. normalisation matrices or variable uniform quantisers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/60—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/60—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding
    • H04N19/61—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding in combination with predictive coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/124—Quantisation

Definitions

  • the coding and compression of data to be transmitted is becoming increasingly important.
  • the data should be encoded in such a way that the greatest possible compression of the information is achieved with as little loss of information as possible.
  • Various methods for coding a video data stream are known, for example block-based image coding methods such as MPEG (MPEG 1 or MPEG 2) [1], the H.261 standard [2] or JPEG [3].
  • block-based image coding methods such as MPEG (MPEG 1 or MPEG 2) [1], the H.261 standard [2] or JPEG [3].
  • object-based image coding methods are also known.
  • the transformation coding coefficients are usually quantized for transformation coding coefficients which result from a transformation coding which is applied to the image to be coded. Furthermore, an inverse quantization is used for the reconstruction of the video data stream on the quantized coefficients, the result values of which are subjected to an inverse transformation coding for the final reconstruction of the digital image.
  • the quantization is carried out in such a way that elements of a data matrix which has the transformation coding coefficients during quantization and coefficients quantized during inverse quantization are multiplied by a predeterminable scalar factor and are temporarily stored in an intermediate matrix.
  • the elements of the intermediate matrix are multiplied by elements of a predetermined quantization matrix.
  • the invention is therefore based on the problem of specifying a method for quantization and for inverse quantization of transformation coding coefficients, wherein less computing time is required to carry out the quantization or for inverse quantization than in the known method and thus the methods are carried out more cost-effectively can be led.
  • a first method is used in the method for quantizing transformation coding coefficients of a video data stream
  • the first intermediate matrix is temporarily stored and multiplied by a data matrix which contains the transformation coding coefficients.
  • a second intermediate matrix is determined, which results from the multiplication of a quantization matrix by at least one scalar factor.
  • the second intermediate matrix is also temporarily stored and multiplied by a second data matrix that contains quantized coefficients.
  • the method can easily be used in any block-based image coding method, for example in one of the methods for image coding mentioned above.
  • 1 is a block diagram showing an arrangement for image coding
  • Fig. 2 is a block diagram in which a sketch of the
  • FIG. 3 shows a flow diagram in which the method steps for quantization are shown
  • Fig. 5 is a flowchart in which the method for
  • FIG. 6 shows a flow chart in which the use of the method for quantization and / or for inverse quantization in the context of the image coding is shown;
  • FIG. 7 shows a flow chart in which the use of the method according to the invention in the context of image decoding of a video data stream is shown;
  • Fig. 8 is a sketch showing two computers, images recorded by a camera are encoded in a first computer and transmitted to a second computer, where they are decoded.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram in which an arrangement for image coding is described.
  • the arrangement has at least the following components: a first means DCT for performing a transformation coding, for example a discrete cosine transformation; a quantization unit Q; an inverse quantization unit IQ; a second means IDCT for performing inverse transform coding; - an addition unit AE; a memory SP; a third means BS for carrying out a motion estimation; a subtraction unit SE.
  • the first means DCT and the quantization unit Q form a forward path VP.
  • the inverse quantization Unit IQ and the second means IDCT form a backward path RP.
  • a fourth means VLC is provided for performing channel coding of the quantized transformation coefficients, possibly with an additional unit for error detection and / or error correction of bit errors.
  • An output of the subtraction unit SE is coupled to an input of the first means DCT.
  • An output of the first means DCT is coupled to an input of the quantization unit Q.
  • An output of the quantization unit Q is coupled to an input of the inverse quantization unit IQ.
  • the output of the quantization unit Q is coupled to an input of the fourth means VLC.
  • An output of the inverse quantization unit IQ is coupled to an input of the second means IDCT.
  • An output of the second means IDCT is coupled to a first input of the addition unit AE.
  • An output of the addition unit AE is coupled to an input of the memory SP.
  • An output of the memory SP is coupled to a first input of a third means BS.
  • a first output of the third means BS is coupled to a second input of the memory SP. With this coupling, memory addresses ADR are transferred from the third means BS to the memory SP.
  • the memory addresses ADR indicate the memory addresses ADR required by the third means BS to carry out the motion estimation.
  • a second output of the memory SP is coupled to a second input of the subtraction unit SE and to a second input of the addition unit AE.
  • a video data stream VD to be coded which in the case of block-based image coding methods has individual image blocks, is applied to the first input of the subtraction unit SE.
  • the video data stream VD to be encoded is also applied to the third means BS, where the video data stream VD is used in the context of a motion estimation.
  • the configuration of the quantization unit Q and / or the inverse quantization unit Q is explained in detail in the course of the description of the methods.
  • the design of the quantization unit Q or the inverse quantization unit IQ is such that the method for quantization described below or the method for inverse quantization can be carried out.
  • the arrangement for image decoding has at least the following components:
  • a fifth means VLD for performing an inverse channel coding of quantized transformation coding coefficients; the inverse quantization unit IQ; -
  • the second means IDCT for performing the inverse transformation coding; the addition unit AE; the memory SP; the third means BS for motion estimation.
  • the quantized transformation coding coefficients are fed to the inverse quantization unit IQ, which is coupled to the fifth means VLD.
  • the inverse quantized transformation coding coefficients are fed to the second means IDCT, the input of which with the output of the inverse quantization unit IQ is coupled.
  • An output of the second means IDCT is coupled to a first input of the addition unit AE.
  • An output of the memory SP is coupled to a second input AE.
  • a temporally preceding, reconstructed image of the reconstructed video data stream RVD is applied to the second input of the addition unit AE.
  • An output of the addition unit AE is coupled to an input of the memory SP.
  • an output of the memory SP is coupled to an input of the third means BS.
  • a second input of the third means BS for motion estimation is coupled to an output of the memory SP, via which the reconstructed images which have preceded the time and are stored in the memory SP are fed in to carry out a motion estimation in the third means BS.
  • the configuration of the inverse quantization unit IQ is shown in detail in connection with the method according to the invention for inverse quantization.
  • a first step 300 of the method for quantization before each quantization it is checked whether at least one scalar factor, which is multiplied by a quantization matrix, or the quantization matrix has changed.
  • a first intermediate matrix Y1 is determined 301.
  • [4] is known, with at least one scalar factor (cf. FIG. 3).
  • the first intermediate matrix Y1 is temporarily stored 302.
  • the first intermediate matrix Yl remains unchanged until either the at least one scalar factor or the quantization matrix changes. It has been found that the quantization matrix and the at least one scalar factor for an average of 10 to 20 successive image blocks can be kept unchanged.
  • the first intermediate matrix Y1 determined for the last quantization used is used directly for the method step described below.
  • the first intermediate matrix Y1 is multiplied by a first data matrix which contains the transformation coding coefficients.
  • the transformation coding coefficients are formed by a transformation coding which is applied to the video data stream to be coded.
  • a first step 400 it is checked before each quantization whether at least one scalar factor, which is multiplied by a quantization matrix, or the quantization matrix has changed.
  • a second intermediate matrix Y2 is determined 401.
  • the second intermediate matrix results in the same way as the first intermediate matrix Y1, that is to say from the multiplication of the quantization matrix by at least one scalar factor.
  • the second intermediate matrix Y2 is temporarily stored.
  • the statements made above The duration during which the quantization matrix and the scalar factor remain unchanged on average also apply to this method.
  • the second intermediate matrix Y2 is multiplied by a second data matrix.
  • the elements of the second data matrix are coefficients which are present after the inverse channel coding, that is to say quantized transformation coding coefficients which are referred to below as quantized coefficients.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further development of the method for quantization shown in FIG. 3, in which at the beginning of the quantization a first quantization result memory for storing result values of the quantization is reset to the value 0 501.
  • the corresponding multiplication of the elements of the first intermediate matrix Y1 is carried out 303 with the elements of the first data matrix.
  • the value of the corresponding element of the first intermediate matrix Y1 will simply be transferred to a result matrix. In this case, further multiplication operations do not have to be carried out, which leads to a considerable saving in computing time.
  • the values of the quantized transformation coding coefficients are stored in the result matrix.
  • FIG. 5 relates only to the method of quantization, the corresponding steps can also be used accordingly for inverse quantization without any fundamental changes.
  • a possible reduction in the memory requirement is possible if a first buffer store for storing the elements of the first intermediate matrix and / or a second buffer store for storing the elements of the second intermediate matrix Y2 is configured as a cache memory.
  • the cash hit rate can be increased further by refining the cache granularity to the elements of the first intermediate matrix Y1 or the second intermediate matrix Y2 for special, predeterminable elements of the intermediate matrices Y1, Y2.
  • a corresponding strategy of the cache memory can considerably reduce the size of the first buffer store and the second buffer store required, as a result of which the costs required for implementation are considerably reduced.
  • transformation coding coefficients are formed 601 in the first means.
  • the transformation coding coefficients are quantized 602 in the quantization unit Q and the quantized transformation coefficients are subjected to an inverse quantization 603 in the inverse quantization unit IQ.
  • an inverse transformation coding is carried out on the inversely quantized transformation coding coefficient, whereby a reconstructed video data stream RVD is formed 604. Furthermore, a motion estimation is performed 605 for the reconstructed video data stream RVD. In a last step the reconstructed video data stream RVD is subtracted from the video data stream VD, so that only the difference between the video data stream VD and the reconstructed video data stream RVD is fed 606 to the first means DCT for transform coding.
  • Quantization shown as part of image decoding an inverse quantization of the quantized, inverse channel-coded transformation coding coefficients is carried out 701 in the inverse quantization unit.
  • IDCT an inverse transformation coding is carried out on the inversely quantized transformation coding coefficient and the reconstructed video data stream RVD is carried out Formed 702.
  • BS a motion estimation is carried out 703 for the reconstructed video data stream RVD.
  • Both the arrangement for image coding and the arrangement for image decoding can have further components which are not shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. These components are provided, for example, for the standard implementation of scan methods, inverse scan methods, vector quantization, run-length coding or else one Run-length decoding. These additional components and the resulting additional process steps, which are usually in the z.
  • standardized block-based image coding methods described above can be used without restrictions in the method according to the invention and in the arrangements according to the invention. Since these method steps are carried out in the standardized methods, but are not essential for the actual invention, they are not described further here.
  • the method was only shown in the context of a block-based image coding method in the exemplary embodiment, but can also be used in any object-based image coding method.
  • a first computer RI for example realized by the arrangement for image coding
  • an image is encoded in the manner described above.
  • the image is recorded, for example, by a camera K.
  • the first computer RI is coupled to a second computer R2.
  • the first computer RI transmits the coded picture to the second computer R2, where the picture is decoded.
  • the decoded picture is now displayed, for example, on a screen BS2 of the second computer R2 to a second viewer B2.
  • the coded image is not only transmitted, but also decoded in the first computer RI, which is necessary in any case in the block-based method for determining the difference information actually transmitted, and on a screen BS1 of the first computer RI ei ⁇ a first viewer B1 is shown.
  • the following publications were cited in this document:

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de quantification et un procédé de quantification inverse mis en oeuvre dans le cadre de procédés de codage d'images. Une première matrice intermédiaire (Y1) est déterminée (301) par multiplication d'une matrice de quantification par au moins un facteur scalaire. La première matrice intermédiaire (Y1) est stockée en mémoire intermédiaire (302) puis elle est multipliée par une première matrice de données dont les éléments sont obtenus par des coefficients de codage par transformation.
PCT/DE1997/000859 1996-05-06 1997-04-28 Procede de quantification et procede de quantification inverse de coefficients de codage par transformation d'un flux de donnees video WO1997042767A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19618117A DE19618117C1 (de) 1996-05-06 1996-05-06 Verfahren zur Quantisierung und Verfahren zur inversen Quantisierung von Transformationscodierungskoeffizienten eines Videodatenstorms
DE19618117.8 1996-05-06

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KR100441466B1 (ko) * 1997-12-19 2004-07-23 인피니언 테크놀로지스 아게 상수 팩터 승산을 위한 장치와 비디오 압축（ｍｐｅｇ）을 위한 상기 장치의 사용방법
KR20020001760A (ko) * 2000-01-12 2002-01-09 요트.게.아. 롤페즈 영상 데이터 압축
KR101619972B1 (ko) * 2008-10-02 2016-05-11 한국전자통신연구원 이산 여현 변환/이산 정현 변환을 선택적으로 이용하는 부호화/복호화 장치 및 방법
SG10201400975QA (en) 2011-02-10 2014-07-30 Sony Corp Image Processing Device And Image Processing Method

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EP0366435A2 (fr) * 1988-10-27 1990-05-02 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Appareil de transformée orthagonale directe et inverse
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EP0366435A2 (fr) * 1988-10-27 1990-05-02 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Appareil de transformée orthagonale directe et inverse
EP0469855A2 (fr) * 1990-07-31 1992-02-05 Fujitsu Limited Méthode et appareil de traitement de données d'image
EP0500077A2 (fr) * 1991-02-21 1992-08-26 Nec Corporation Dispositif de codage pour comprimer des données d'image mobile et méthode de codage pour comprimer des données d'image
US5430556A (en) * 1992-12-22 1995-07-04 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Quantizing and dequantizing circuitry for an image data companding device
EP0735771A2 (fr) * 1995-03-27 1996-10-02 Hewlett-Packard Company Accentuation de texte et d'image dans des images comprimées JPEG dans le domaine de fréquence

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