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WO1997048159A1 - Procede de protection d'un reseau ou d'une installation contre les surtensions, et circuit limiteur de surtension - Google Patents

Procede de protection d'un reseau ou d'une installation contre les surtensions, et circuit limiteur de surtension Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997048159A1
WO1997048159A1 PCT/CH1997/000165 CH9700165W WO9748159A1 WO 1997048159 A1 WO1997048159 A1 WO 1997048159A1 CH 9700165 W CH9700165 W CH 9700165W WO 9748159 A1 WO9748159 A1 WO 9748159A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
mov
surge arrester
current path
arrester
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CH1997/000165
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Felix Greuter
Original Assignee
Abb Research Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Abb Research Ltd. filed Critical Abb Research Ltd.
Priority to AU25022/97A priority Critical patent/AU2502297A/en
Publication of WO1997048159A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997048159A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
    • H02H9/042—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage comprising means to limit the absorbed power or indicate damaged over-voltage protection device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for protecting a network or a system against overvoltages and a voltage limiting circuit.
  • Switch to another current path which contains a gas discharge arrester in series with the varistor, is carried out when the resistance of the varistor has irreversibly collapsed due to overloading and it has therefore failed.
  • the process which is apparently intended for the low-voltage range, is not suitable for preventing the failure of the varistor, but is only used to at least partially absorb the consequences of such a failure.
  • MOV surge arresters composed of varistors, in particular MOV varistors. Most of these are simple series connections or series-parallel connections of MOV varistors.
  • MOV surge arresters have a strongly non-linear characteristic and become abruptly conductive when a fixed limit voltage is reached, while they isolate below the limit voltage, so that the voltage between the two connections between them the overvoltage conductor is limited to the limit voltage, while practically no leakage currents occur below it.
  • MOV surge arresters see For example, see the article 'MOV surge arresters without spark gaps enable optimal surge protection' from Brown Boveri Technique No. 12 (1985).
  • MOV surge arresters are excellent for the derivation of short-term, even high overvoltages, such as those caused by switching operations and
  • the invention is intended to remedy this.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a method for protecting networks and systems against overvoltages, which makes it possible to keep the limit voltage effective in normal operation low.
  • a suitable voltage limiting circuit should also be specified.
  • the invention makes it possible to move the maximum continuous operating voltage close to the mains voltage. As a result, lower voltage values can be assumed when designing the insulation of the network in question or the system, which makes the network or the system significantly cheaper.
  • U c is reduced to 83 kV in normal operation, so that the insulation of the network can be designed for 249 kV instead of 336 kV.
  • the voltage is increased by a MOV surge arrester both in normal operation when the latter assumes a basic state and when temporary overvoltages occur when it has switched to a protective state limited.
  • MOV surge arrester both in normal operation when the latter assumes a basic state and when temporary overvoltages occur when it has switched to a protective state limited.
  • FIG. 1 shows the general circuit diagram of a voltage limiting circuit according to the invention
  • Fig. 3a, b examples of the switch in Fig. 2c.
  • each of the two MOV surge arresters 4, 5 is conventionally z. B. constructed as a series parallel connection of MOV varistors, as can be found in the article mentioned above. They can also contain other elements that do not impair their function, such as parallel spark gaps or resistors in series.
  • the switching voltage at which the first MOV surge arrester 4 becomes conductive corresponds to a first limit voltage, which, for. B. is at the normal mains voltage. In the numerical example mentioned at the beginning, this would correspond to 83 kV.
  • the second MOV surge arrester 5 has a switching voltage which, together with the first limit voltage, gives a further limit voltage which corresponds to that determined according to known principles, i.e. 112 kV in the numerical example, i.e. the switching voltage of the second MOV surge arrester 5 is 29 kV corresponding to the Difference between these two values.
  • the impedance 6 can be implemented in a wide variety of ways. However, it will always contain a switch-like element, which in the event of impending overload of the first MOV surge arrester 4 due to longer-term temporary overvoltages and excessive energy consumption caused thereby, at least below a cut-off frequency, which in an AC network is not lower than the network frequency of z. B. may be 50 Hz, at least up to a blocking voltage, which is higher than the above-mentioned further limit voltage, so that on the further current path, which by another MOV overvoltage arrester - in the shown embodiment of the voltage limiting circuit of the series connection of the first MOV surge arrester 4 and the second MOV surge arrester 5 is formed - is switched over.
  • a switch-like element which in the event of impending overload of the first MOV surge arrester 4 due to longer-term temporary overvoltages and excessive energy consumption caused thereby, at least below a cut-off frequency, which in an AC network is not lower than the network frequency of z. B. may be 50
  • the impedance 6 can e.g. B. be implemented as a purely passive element.
  • this is a PTC element 7, which is a good conductor at low currents and whose resistance when a certain one is reached Limit current and corresponding temperature increases suddenly, so that it almost completely blocks.
  • the PTC element 7 is matched to the first MOV overvoltage arrester 4 in such a way that an excessive leakage current flowing through it and the PTC element 7 causes it to switch, ie causes its resistance to rise suddenly before it leads to an overload of the first MOV surge arrester 4.
  • Another purely passive element that can be used instead of the PTC element is a fuse. However, this would have to be replaced after each switching.
  • a separator 8 is arranged in series with the PTC element 7, which, for. B. controlled by the leakage current through the PTC element 7, is opened after the same has switched and the leakage current has dropped to very low values.
  • the impedance 6 is a parallel connection of a switch 9, a high pass 10 and one
  • Spark gap 11 formed.
  • the high pass 10 is designed in such a way that it is practically transparent to frequencies above a certain cut-off frequency, which may not be less than the mains frequency. It is used to derive rapidly increasing overvoltages, such as those caused by lightning or switching operations, and from rapid transient overvoltages. It can be made up of purely passive elements - capacitors, resistors, linear or non-linear inductors - in the simplest Case it is a capacitor. If necessary, the spark gap 11 becomes active when temporary overvoltages are superimposed with overvoltages caused by lightning or switching operations.
  • the switch 9 can be designed as a mechanical switch or also as a semiconductor switch or as a series connection or series parallel connection of such. So he's z. B. as a parallel connection of two series connections of opposite polarity, each of which (FIG. 3a) comprise three jointly controlled GTOs 12a, b, c, or as a corresponding parallel connection of IGBTs 13 (FIG. 3b).
  • FIG. 3a the use of photoconductive switches, MCTs, BODs etc. is also possible.
  • Another option is a piezoresistor.
  • the switch 9 generally forms an active element - even if the use of a passive element such as e.g. B. a PTC element in its place in Fig. 2c is quite possible - the opening of which must be triggered from the outside.
  • a passive element such as e.g. B. a PTC element in its place in Fig. 2c is quite possible - the opening of which must be triggered from the outside.
  • Various parameters can be used for tripping, provided that they reflect the load on the first MOV surge arrester 4.
  • the decisive factor is the temperature of the varistor, which can be measured directly or indirectly, but often only with some effort. For this reason, it is usually preferable to measure a quantity that represents a measure of the energy consumption of the first MOV surge arrester 4, for. B. the leakage current through the first current path or one of the same dependent parameter as the magnetic field, the z. B. can be determined by a Hall probe. It is also possible to measure the voltage instead of the current, e.g. B. by voltage tap on one of the varistors. The energy consumption can be calculated from current or voltage using the known characteristic.
  • a direct or indirect measurement of the temperature is of course not excluded, e.g. B. directly through a T-element, an IR sensor, an element
  • the basic idea behind all designs is the switchover from a first current path with a first limit voltage to a further current path with a higher further limit voltage in the event of impending overload of the first MOV surge arrester 4. This is done by changing the impedance value of the first current path in such a way that it reaches to a blocking voltage which is higher than the further limit voltage, in any case up to a limit frequency which may be above the mains frequency.
  • the additional current path which also contains a MOV surge arrester or a series connection of such surge arresters, with a total of a higher limit voltage than the first MOV surge arrester, still ensures that short-term overvoltages are derived.
  • the principle described can also be staggered, i. h
  • a third current path with an increased limit voltage can be provided, etc.
  • the voltage limiting circuit 3 can usually be designed such that the voltage in most operating states is largely absorbed by the first MOV surge arrester 4.
  • the other elements, the second MOV overvoltage arrester 5 and the impedance 6 are only exposed to relatively low voltages and can therefore be designed as medium voltage components in the above numerical example, which significantly reduces their price and thus that of the entire voltage limiting circuit.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Un premier limiteur de surtension à varistors à oxyde de métal (4), par exemple pour un réseau haute tension, présente une tension limite à laquelle il devient conducteur, qui se situe juste au-dessus de la tension de phase du réseau et qui forme, avec une impédance (6) montée en serie dont la valeur (Z) dans un état initial peut être négligée, un premier parcours de courant. Si le premier limiteur de surtension (4) à varistors à oxyde de métal est menacé de surcharge, en raison d'une surtension prolongée et, en conséquence, d'une absorption d'énergie excessive dans celui-ci, il se produit, par accroissement de la valeur de l'impédance (6), une commutation sur un autre parcours de courant qui circule à travers le premier limiteur (4) et un deuxième limiteur de surtension (5) à varistors à oxyde de métal, monté en parallèle avec l'impédance (6) et en série avec le premier limiteur. De cette manière, le courant de fuite à travers le premier limiteur (4), et par conséquent l'absorption d'énergie dans celui-ci, sont réduits à des valeurs normales. Le circuit permet d'obtenir un abaissement sensible du niveau de protection et, de ce fait, une isolation du réseau peut être réalisée à des valeurs sensiblement inférieures. L'impédance (6) peut être réalisée sous la forme d'un élément à coefficient positif de température, d'un fusible ou d'un interrupteur commandé par l'absorption d'énergie ou la température du premier limiteur de surtension (4), éventuellement avec un filtre passe-haut en parallèle et un éclateur en parallèle.
PCT/CH1997/000165 1996-06-13 1997-04-24 Procede de protection d'un reseau ou d'une installation contre les surtensions, et circuit limiteur de surtension WO1997048159A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU25022/97A AU2502297A (en) 1996-06-13 1997-04-24 Method of protecting a system or an installation from surge and voltage clamping circuit

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19623541.3 1996-06-13
DE19623541A DE19623541A1 (de) 1996-06-13 1996-06-13 Verfahren zum Schutz eines Netzes oder einer Anlage vor Ueberspannungen sowie Spannungsbegrenzungsschaltung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997048159A1 true WO1997048159A1 (fr) 1997-12-18

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Country Status (3)

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AU (1) AU2502297A (fr)
DE (1) DE19623541A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1997048159A1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7742270B2 (en) 2004-06-10 2010-06-22 Invensys Systems, Inc. System and method for limiting energy in an industrial control system
CN103311916A (zh) * 2013-06-28 2013-09-18 华南理工大学 防雷过压保护器件
CN103346547A (zh) * 2013-06-28 2013-10-09 华南理工大学 一种防雷过压保护器件
CN103368139A (zh) * 2012-03-27 2013-10-23 苏州工业园区新宏博通讯科技有限公司 变压器保护电路
US8643995B2 (en) 2009-08-31 2014-02-04 Abb Technology Ag Method and a device for overvoltage protection, and an electric system with such a device
CN103779857A (zh) * 2012-10-24 2014-05-07 孙巍巍 一种新型电涌保护器
CN112039041A (zh) * 2020-07-16 2020-12-04 安克创新科技股份有限公司 浪涌防护电路、防雷器和电子设备
CN114883965A (zh) * 2022-06-10 2022-08-09 广东电网有限责任公司 一种变电站过电压保护装置

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE20101106U1 (de) 2001-01-22 2001-04-05 David + Baader - DBK - GmbH, 76870 Kandel Schutzelement in einem elektrischen Schaltkreis
DE10245144C5 (de) * 2002-07-08 2007-10-31 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Überspannungs-Schutzanordnung mit einer Funkenstrecke als Grobschutzelement
DE102008013448B4 (de) * 2007-10-30 2018-10-11 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Überspannungsableiter mit einem Gehäuse und mindestens einem Varistor als Ableitelement
DE102009004318B4 (de) 2008-05-30 2017-09-07 DEHN + SÖHNE GmbH + Co. KG. Überspannungsableiter mit integrierter Schutzvorrichtung
WO2011098145A1 (fr) * 2010-02-12 2011-08-18 Abb Research Ltd Agencement destiné à protéger un sectionneur continu à semi-conducteurs contre les tensions transitoires
SI23303A (sl) * 2010-02-19 2011-08-31 ISKRA ZAŠČITE d.o.o. Prenapetostni odklopnik z rotacijskim diskom in elektronskim sklopom za izboljšanje zanesljivosti delovanja
US10566964B2 (en) * 2017-05-15 2020-02-18 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Apparatus and methods for overvoltage protection of electronic devices
CN109066640B (zh) * 2018-07-12 2021-01-26 成都铁达电子股份有限公司 新型的防雷过压保护器件
CN109066638A (zh) * 2018-08-20 2018-12-21 成都铁达电子股份有限公司 一种防雷过压保护电路及保护装置

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JPH04217813A (ja) * 1990-12-19 1992-08-07 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 安全保障機能付サージ吸収器
DE4124321A1 (de) * 1991-07-23 1993-01-28 Dehn & Soehne Anordnung zur ableitung von ueberspannungen
DE9316664U1 (de) * 1993-10-30 1994-02-17 Alarmcom Leutron Gesellschaft für elektronische Sicherheitstechnik mbH, 70771 Leinfelden-Echterdingen Überspannungsbegrenzer
US5388021A (en) * 1992-09-18 1995-02-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Voltage surge suppression power circuits

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US4288833A (en) * 1979-12-17 1981-09-08 General Electric Company Lightning arrestor

Patent Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH04217813A (ja) * 1990-12-19 1992-08-07 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 安全保障機能付サージ吸収器
DE4124321A1 (de) * 1991-07-23 1993-01-28 Dehn & Soehne Anordnung zur ableitung von ueberspannungen
US5388021A (en) * 1992-09-18 1995-02-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Voltage surge suppression power circuits
DE9316664U1 (de) * 1993-10-30 1994-02-17 Alarmcom Leutron Gesellschaft für elektronische Sicherheitstechnik mbH, 70771 Leinfelden-Echterdingen Überspannungsbegrenzer
EP0651491A1 (fr) * 1993-10-30 1995-05-03 Alarmcom Leutron Gesellschaft für elektronische Sicherheitstechnik mbH Limiteur de surtension

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7742270B2 (en) 2004-06-10 2010-06-22 Invensys Systems, Inc. System and method for limiting energy in an industrial control system
US8159804B2 (en) 2004-06-10 2012-04-17 Invensys Systems, Inc. System and method for limiting energy in an industrial control system
US8643995B2 (en) 2009-08-31 2014-02-04 Abb Technology Ag Method and a device for overvoltage protection, and an electric system with such a device
CN103368139A (zh) * 2012-03-27 2013-10-23 苏州工业园区新宏博通讯科技有限公司 变压器保护电路
CN103779857A (zh) * 2012-10-24 2014-05-07 孙巍巍 一种新型电涌保护器
CN103311916A (zh) * 2013-06-28 2013-09-18 华南理工大学 防雷过压保护器件
CN103346547A (zh) * 2013-06-28 2013-10-09 华南理工大学 一种防雷过压保护器件
CN103346547B (zh) * 2013-06-28 2016-03-30 华南理工大学 一种防雷过压保护器件
CN112039041A (zh) * 2020-07-16 2020-12-04 安克创新科技股份有限公司 浪涌防护电路、防雷器和电子设备
WO2022012638A1 (fr) * 2020-07-16 2022-01-20 安克创新科技股份有限公司 Circuit de protection contre les surtensions, dispositif de protection contre la foudre et dispositif électronique
US11777308B2 (en) 2020-07-16 2023-10-03 Anker Innovations Technology Co., Ltd. Surge protection circuit, lightning protector and electronic device
CN114883965A (zh) * 2022-06-10 2022-08-09 广东电网有限责任公司 一种变电站过电压保护装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2502297A (en) 1998-01-07
DE19623541A1 (de) 1997-12-18

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