WO2003016691A2 - Moteur thermique, a combustion interne, a cycle deux temps avec un embiellage a plateaux oscillants et un compresseur rapporte indexe - Google Patents
Moteur thermique, a combustion interne, a cycle deux temps avec un embiellage a plateaux oscillants et un compresseur rapporte indexe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003016691A2 WO2003016691A2 PCT/FR2002/002830 FR0202830W WO03016691A2 WO 2003016691 A2 WO2003016691 A2 WO 2003016691A2 FR 0202830 W FR0202830 W FR 0202830W WO 03016691 A2 WO03016691 A2 WO 03016691A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- engine
- compressor
- piston
- internal combustion
- stroke cycle
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/28—Engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B3/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F01B3/0002—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having stationary cylinders
- F01B3/0017—Component parts, details, e.g. sealings, lubrication
- F01B3/0023—Actuating or actuated elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B3/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F01B3/0002—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having stationary cylinders
- F01B3/0017—Component parts, details, e.g. sealings, lubrication
- F01B3/0023—Actuating or actuated elements
- F01B3/0026—Actuating or actuated element bearing means or driving or driven axis bearing means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/26—Engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main-shaft axis; Engines with cylinder axes arranged substantially tangentially to a circle centred on main-shaft axis
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/34—Ultra-small engines, e.g. for driving models
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
- F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
- F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a two-cycle internal combustion engine.
- crank rod 10 th crank rod as connecting rod.
- This simple and economical mechanism although it is the most used on this type of engine, is not the best suited. Indeed, by considering a cylinder and piston couple, it can be seen that said piston combines the functions of the engine piston, the piston
- the engine subject of the present invention, by an original architecture, proposes to provide a solution for optimizing the sweeping of fresh and hot gases. Consequently, to offer a much better efficiency and a greater effective range of rotational speeds.
- the first objective is to obtain an asymmetrical diagram 30 in advance at the opening and at the delay when the exhaust and transfer lights are closed.
- the second objective is to obtain a continuous blowing of the fresh gases throughout the opening period of the transfer lights.
- the first objective is achieved thanks to a linkage to 35 two oscillating plates carried by the same main shaft
- the engine pistons are coaxial and head to tail, they are specialized, the engine piston on the exhaust side to open and close the exhaust lights, the engine piston on the transfer side to open and close the transfer lights.
- the skirt of the engine pistons never messes up the exhaust and transfer lights.
- the two oscillating plates are wedged together at an angle ⁇ , so that the engine piston on the exhaust side is always ahead of the engine piston on the transfer side, in other words, for an opening angle identical to the exhaust lights and transfer, the exhaust lights will always be open and closed first.
- This connecting rod assembly with indexed oscillating plates has the following advantages:
- the diagram in advance at the opening and at the delay at closing of the exhaust and transfer lights is well asymmetrical. Indeed, the transfer lights will still be open, while the exhaust lights will already be closed, implying a judicious choice of the angle ⁇ and the opening angles of the exhaust and transfer lights.
- the volume of the combustion chamber will practically not change.
- the pistons take up low radial loads.
- the transfer lights being closed last, a return of a pressure wave by the exhaust device is not necessary and an overfeeding of the engine is possible.
- the use of swashplates as a linkage is not without its problems.
- the first is to be able to control several pistons.
- the second is to be able to make an effective connection between the swash plates and the connecting rod heads, knowing that on a swash plate, there are two remarkable positions where the rod ends have a simple trajectory which is flat and in an arc. All other possible hooking positions, ,, will print a complex eight-shaped trajectory in three dimensions to the rod ends.
- the third is to be able to link a piston to a connecting rod whose head has a complex trajectory, in fact, said connecting rod at its oscillating foot with in addition, an effect of alternating rotation along its longitudinal axis.
- the fourth is to be able to stabilize the plate of an oscillating plate, so that it does not turn on itself, and that it can take up the tangential forces induced by the thrust of the engine pistons.
- the first problem is solved by the following design of a swash plate.
- An oscillation ring is machined from an inclined bore, the point of symmetry of said bore being the center of oscillation, said bore being adjusted on the main shaft.
- a plate carrying on its periphery one or more crank pins, the axis of a crank pin passing through the center of oscillation.
- a sliding or rolling device forms a connection with a degree of freedom in rotation between the oscillation ring and the plate.
- the center of gravity of the swash plate is confused, except for tolerance, with its center of oscillation.
- This design is compact, rigid, balanced and can offer several crankpins per swash plate.
- a ball joint with guide tracks consists of a spherical ring which adjusts on a handle of the plate, of one or two bearings covering the spherical bearing of said spherical ring and the one or more bearings being fixed to a head of rod.
- One or both of the bearings are provided with guide tracks, said guide tracks come to adjust on the low or high part or on the low and high parts of the crank pin.
- the trajectory of said guide tracks takes up the same trajectory but slightly amplified as at the guide part or parts of the crankpin.
- the guide tracks neutralize a degree of freedom in rotation along the longitudinal axis of a connecting rod while allowing the two remaining degrees of freedom in rotation, an amplitude of rotation at least slightly greater than the angle of oscillation of the oscillating plates. .
- This design stabilizes the rod heads with complex trajectories.
- the shape taken by the spherical sliding surfaces of the bearings minimizes the axial play induced by the normal radial operating play of the ball joint with guide tracks.
- the third problem is solved by a ball joint which is both axial and radial, called a mixed ball joint.
- a joint ball joint has three degrees of freedom in rotation, and can regain strength in all directions.
- the mixed ball joint consists of a spherical ring with a large span and one or two bearings, themselves with large spans, covering said spherical ring. It should be noted that the amplitude of the oscillation of a connecting rod foot of a connecting rod whose head has a complex trajectory is always very low, a few degrees.
- a slide rod has two flat and parallel surfaces on either side of its head, said flat surfaces being parallel to the longitudinal axis of said slide rod.
- the slide rod is adjusted sliding in a slide.
- Said slide has two parallel sliding surfaces and opposite, said slide is in the extension of a driving cylinder, it is aligned with the trajectory of the driving pistons, it is placed in a crankcase.
- the sliding rod and sliding rod couple takes up the positive or negative tangential forces induced by the plate of the plate oscillating when a driving piston pushes or pulls on said plate, it prevents said plate from turning on itself, thus forcing the oscillation ring to enter into rotation.
- the sliding rod and sliding rod couple eliminates only one degree of freedom in translation and leaves only one degree of freedom in rotation, all following the normal to the sliding surfaces.
- a sliding rod is advantageously linked to the crankpin of the swash plate by a ball joint with guide tracks. This design gives a simple trajectory to the head of the sliding rod, making possible a connection by a tubular axis between the driving piston and the foot of said sliding rod. Note: It is possible to install two slide rods with their slides by swash plate, noting that the two slide rods must be diametrically opposite.
- the second objective is achieved through the use of a piston compressor which is attached to the engine and whose volume is freely defined.
- the compressor is set at an angle ⁇ relative to the associated engine cylinder, so that said compressor coming or going to end its delivery phase, with its compressor piston still close or on its top dead center, when the piston engine on the transfer side of the engine cylinder associated with said compressor, going from its bottom dead center to its top dead center, will just close the transfer lights.
- the cylinder of said compressor incorporates an inlet device with free valves and a discharge pipe leading the fresh gases with regard to the transfer lights of the engine cylinder associated with said compressor.
- the compressor piston is controlled by one of the two oscillating plates.
- the compressor is attached to one of the crankshaft housings.
- the axis of the compressor cylinder is parallel to the axis of an engine cylinder.
- This design with attached and indexed compressor has the following advantages:
- the blowing of fresh gas during the entire transfer phase is good effective.
- the discharge phase of the compressor begins shortly before the transfer side drive piston opens the transfer lights, said discharge phase ending when the transfer side drive piston completely closes the transfer lights.
- the dead volumes within the compressor and the discharge pipe are low, the reaction to the suction and discharge of the fresh gases is very strong.
- the filling coefficient is constant over a wide range of rotational speeds.
- the volume of the compressor being freely defined, said volume will depend on said filling coefficient.
- the “precompression” phase is short-lived, the blowing is done at low pressure, the power consumption is reduced.
- the combination of the connecting rod assembly with indexed oscillating plates and an indexed attached compressor as they have just been described, does indeed offer an engine having an optimized sweeping of fresh and hot gases.
- the crankshaft cannot be lubricated with a lubricant mixed with the fuel, the lubrication must be clean for the crankshaft.
- the lubricant used for the lubrication of the crankshaft must not reach the combustion chamber or the exhaust and transfer ports.
- the two engine pistons of the same engine cylinder have the same combustion chamber.
- the first preparation consists in circulating lubricant under low pressure in the connecting rod assembly.
- Oil transfer rods via hydraulic connections create a tight, rotational connection between the crankshaft housings and the crankshaft, networks of channels drilled in the construction parts of said crankshaft, conduct the lubricant between all the slippery surfaces and rolling elements.
- other lubrication can be used, for example, bubbling or projection.
- the second preparation consists in equipping all the pistons with an oil scraper segment, said segments placed on the engine pistons being always below the exhaust and transfer ports.
- the third preparation consists in placing a neck nozzle in the center of the engine cylinder.
- the diameter of the neck is approximately equal to half the diameter of the bore of the engine cylinder.
- the volume of the neck therefore by extrapolation of its length, being defined by the volumetric ratio.
- the combustion chamber thus obtained has a smaller surface area.
- the narrowing at the neck of the nozzle causes strong turbulence in the combustion chamber when approaching the two engine pistons.
- the whole of the description above can be applied to an engine having two possible variants.
- the first variant is an engine with a drive entity.
- a connecting tube should connect the two crankshaft housings to minimize the effects of pressure and depression caused by the rear of the pistons.
- the engine has a good Power / Weight ratio, it has fewer components.
- the second variant is an engine with two driving entities.
- the axes of the drive cylinders and the axis of the main shaft belong to the same plane. There is no connecting tube.
- the engine has a more constant torque, it allows strong displacements.
- Figures 1 and 2 are the overall drawings of an engine with a power unit, spark ignition, direct air cooling. It is in accordance with the present invention. Note: the engine block in figure 1 is dissociated from the engine shaft with its connecting rod in figure 2 to make the reading of the drawings clearer.
- FIGS 3 to 9 are detailed drawings taken from the drawings of Figures 1 and 2
- FIG. 10 is a graph which synthesizes the kinematics of the motor as it is drawn and presented from FIGS. 1 to 9.
- FIG. 11 is an overall drawing of an engine with two drive units, with spark ignition, with direct air cooling. It conforms to the present invention. Note: the engine block is separated from the engine shaft with its crankshaft to make the reading of the drawings clearer.
- the engine block is essentially composed of: An engine cylinder 1, including the jacket 2 on the exhaust side where the exhaust lights are machined and the jacket 3 on the transfer side where the transfer lights are machined, the inner central part of the driving cylinder 1 is the combustion chamber in the form of a neck nozzle.
- a compressor cylinder 4 set at an angle ⁇ including an inlet with free valves 5 and a discharge pipe 6, said discharge pipe 6 is connected to the engine cylinder 1 with regard to the transfer lights.
- the compressor cylinder 4 is fixed to the crankcase 7.
- a connecting tube 8 connects the two crankcases 7 and 9.
- the slides 10 and 11 are attached and fixed in the crankcases 7 and 9.
- the covers 12 and 13 support the two bearings of the motor.
- the main drive shaft mainly consists of: A main shaft 14 on which are adjusted inter alia, the two oscillating plates 15 and 16, said oscillating plates 15 and 16 are separated by two identical spacers 17 and 18, said spacers 17 and 18 are separated by a ring 19 whose tenons are not aligned, it is this ring 19 which gives the setting of angle ⁇ between the two oscillating plates 15 and 16. Also carried by the main shaft, the front output 20 used as a power take-off, the rear output 21 used by a magnetic flywheel not shown in the drawing also serving as a flywheel. On the two outputs 20 and 21 are adjusted two bearings 22 and 23 forming the bearings of the motor.
- the connecting rod assembly essentially consists of: two oscillating plates 15 and 16 carrying on their crank pins the ball joints with guide tracks 24, 25 and 26, said ball joints with guide tracks 24, 25 and 26 form the connection with on the one hand, the compressor connecting rod 27, the head of which has a complex trajectory, and on the other hand, the two sliding connecting rods 28 and 29, the said sliding connecting rods are adjusted sliding in the slides 10 and 11 (fig.l).
- a swash plate consists of: An oscillation ring 33 on which two bearings 34 and 35 are adjusted, said bearings 34 and 35 are adjusted in the plate 36.
- the two oscillating plates have the same design, except for the fact, that the swash plate on the transfer side has only one crankpin.
- a ball joint with guide tracks consists of: A spherical ring 37 which fits onto a crank pin of a plate 36 and is held in place by a screw 39 via a washer 38.
- a second bearing 41 without protuberance but using the same machining of the guide tracks of the first bearing 40, in order to keep the symmetry of the spherical sliding surfaces between the two bearings 40 and 41.
- the two bearings thus produced allow rotation complete along the X axis, a rotation slightly greater than the angle of oscillation along the Y axis, no rotation along the Z axis, the Z axis being the longitudinal axis of a connecting rod.
- the two bearings 40 and 41 are positioned between them and with respect to the connecting rod by a stud screw 42 which fits between the two bearings 40 and 41 and which is screwed into the connecting rod head.
- Two threaded rings 42 and 43 are screwed into the connecting rod head and trap the ball joint with guide tracks. All the connecting rod heads are fitted with ball joints with guide tracks according to the same machining and mounting design except for the fact that for the two slide connecting rods 28 and 29, the bearing 40 is replaced by a bearing 41.
- the engine piston assembly is made up of: A sliding rod 28 with its two sliding surfaces, equipped with a bearing 44 in which a tubular axis 45 is slidably adjusted, itself adjusted sliding in the engine piston 30, two rods 46 and 47 trap the tubular axis 45 in the engine piston 30.
- An oil scraper segment 48 retains the oil in the crankcase and a sealing segment 49 contains the gases under pressure in the cylinder engine.
- the stud screw 42 positions the ball joint with guide tracks.
- the second engine crew with the same design.
- the compressor piston assembly is made up of: A compressor connecting rod 27 fitted with a spherical ring 50 with a large bearing held in place by a screw 51.
- Two bearings 52 and 53 with large spherical bearing surfaces cover the spherical ring 50 and are adjusted in the compressor piston 32.
- the assembly is held in place by six screws 54 via the ring 55, the six screws 54 are screwed in the compressor piston 32.
- a segment 56 combines the sealing and scraper functions of oil.
- the scraped oil is discharged to the bearings 52 and 53 by a series of channels coming from drilling.
- the stud screw 42 positions the ball joint with guide tracks.
- the compressor connecting rod 27 sees its connecting rod head having a complex trajectory and its connecting rod foot being oscillating.
- the spherical ring 50 and the two bearings 52 and 53 form a mixed ball joint.
- the lubrication circuit of a connecting rod assembly essentially consists of: An oil connection 57 opening into an oil transfer ring 58. A series of channels coming from drilling directs the lubricant to all the slippery surfaces and the rolling elements of the swash plate. The second swash plate has the same lubrication circuit. The lubricant after use is collected in the crankshaft housings, it is filtered and cooled and then returned to the lubrication circuit.
- the combustion chamber forms a neck nozzle, the neck of which is equal to half the diameter of the bore of the engine cylinder 1.
- the geometry of the chamber makes it easy to house the candle 59.
- Graph 10 synthesizes the kinematics of an engine with a driving entity.
- the curve of the piston spaces is very close to a sinusoid.
- the curve [A] in solid line represents the engine piston 30 on the exhaust side
- the curve [B] in dotted line represents the engine piston 31 on the transfer side
- the curve [C] in broken line represents the compressor piston 32.
- the line in line continuous [D] represents the height of the exhaust lights.
- the dotted line [E] represents the height of the transfer lights.
- Point [F] confirms that when the transfer lights close, that the compressor piston 32 is very close to its top dead center.
- Zone [G] is the place where the volume of the combustion chamber practically does not vary
- ⁇ is the setting angle between the two oscillating plates
- ⁇ is the setting angle of the compressor.
- Plate 6/6 It is an engine with two driving entities according to the second variant. To switch from an engine with one drive unit to an engine with two drive units, it suffices to double said drive unit as it has just been presented, to make some minor modifications to the casings, the cylinders and the connecting rod assembly .
- the axes of the two engine cylinders 1 and 60 and the axis of the main shaft 14 belong to the same plane.
- the motor of the present invention has a manufacture of average complexity, it is light, rigid and compact, it has a good efficiency and a wide effective range of rotational speeds. Its combustion chamber is compatible with a controlled ignition, or a compression ignition, or a compression ignition and hot spot. A careful design of engine pistons with for example an anti-friction coating, can allow operation without adding lubricant to the fuel, thus, the engine will not burn oil.
- the present engine may be suitable for the motorization which ranges from model making to light vehicles.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2002342967A AU2002342967A1 (en) | 2001-08-14 | 2002-08-08 | Two-stroke cycle internal combustion heat engine having a connecting rod with swash plates and an indexed mounted compressor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0110820 | 2001-08-14 | ||
FR0110820A FR2828711B1 (fr) | 2001-08-14 | 2001-08-14 | Moteur thermique, a combustion interne, a cycle a deux temps avec un embiellage a plateaux oscillants indexes et un compresseur rapporte indexe |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003016691A2 true WO2003016691A2 (fr) | 2003-02-27 |
WO2003016691A3 WO2003016691A3 (fr) | 2007-11-29 |
Family
ID=8866537
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2002/002830 WO2003016691A2 (fr) | 2001-08-14 | 2002-08-08 | Moteur thermique, a combustion interne, a cycle deux temps avec un embiellage a plateaux oscillants et un compresseur rapporte indexe |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU2002342967A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2828711B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2003016691A2 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007033441A1 (fr) * | 2005-09-23 | 2007-03-29 | Van Rossem, Gerrit-Jan | Moteur comprenant des pistons alignes parallelement a l'arbre de transmission |
US8133704B2 (en) | 2008-12-12 | 2012-03-13 | Celexion, Llc | Biological synthesis of difunctional alkanes from carbohydrate feedstocks |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1979575B1 (fr) * | 2006-01-17 | 2017-05-10 | Christiaan Philippus Von Stade | Mécanisme de conversion |
WO2016055923A2 (fr) | 2014-10-09 | 2016-04-14 | Calogero Provenzano | Moteur à combustion interne à piston axial |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB791604A (en) * | 1955-07-15 | 1958-03-05 | Norman Tetlow | Improvements in or relating to hydraulic swash plate pumps or motors |
US3528394A (en) * | 1968-02-08 | 1970-09-15 | Clessie L Cummins | Internal combustion engine |
AU502195B2 (en) * | 1974-05-06 | 1979-07-19 | Searle, Russell J. | Wobble plate machine |
US6202606B1 (en) * | 1997-05-14 | 2001-03-20 | Ahto Anttila | Axial-piston engine |
US6098578A (en) * | 1999-05-06 | 2000-08-08 | Schuko; Leonhard E. | Internal combustion engine with improved gas exchange |
-
2001
- 2001-08-14 FR FR0110820A patent/FR2828711B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-08-08 AU AU2002342967A patent/AU2002342967A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-08-08 WO PCT/FR2002/002830 patent/WO2003016691A2/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007033441A1 (fr) * | 2005-09-23 | 2007-03-29 | Van Rossem, Gerrit-Jan | Moteur comprenant des pistons alignes parallelement a l'arbre de transmission |
RU2427719C2 (ru) * | 2005-09-23 | 2011-08-27 | РОССЕМ Геррит-Ян ВАН | Двигатель с поршнями, расположенными параллельно приводному валу |
US8133704B2 (en) | 2008-12-12 | 2012-03-13 | Celexion, Llc | Biological synthesis of difunctional alkanes from carbohydrate feedstocks |
US8192976B2 (en) | 2008-12-12 | 2012-06-05 | Celexion, Llc | Biological synthesis of difunctional alkanes from carbohydrate feedstocks |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2828711A1 (fr) | 2003-02-21 |
WO2003016691A3 (fr) | 2007-11-29 |
AU2002342967A1 (en) | 2003-03-03 |
AU2002342967A8 (en) | 2008-01-24 |
FR2828711B1 (fr) | 2004-03-12 |
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