WO2018192591A1

WO2018192591A1 - Natural, organic insecticide formed by extracts of chilli pepper and nettle plant and method for obtaining same

Info

Publication number: WO2018192591A1
Application number: PCT/CO2018/000007
Authority: WO
Inventors: Beatriz FERREIRA TILANO; Claudia Patricia HERRERA HERRERA; Eduard TARAZONA SANCHEZ
Original assignee: Corporacion Universidad De La Costa Cuc
Priority date: 2017-04-21
Filing date: 2018-04-20
Publication date: 2018-10-25

Abstract

The present invention relates to a natural, organic insecticide composition formed by aqueous extracts obtained from the fruit of the chilli pepper (capsicum annuum) and from the nettle plant (urtica dioica), wherein the composition is obtained by way of an artisanal extraction of the active substances from the plants, which substances are mixed together. The product obtained is therefore completely natural, without synthetic chemicals in the composition thereof, being based on the principles of green chemistry. Consequently, when the product is applied, the crops around the area of application are prevented from being damaged and the soil is prevented from becoming contaminated. At the same time as being organic and natural, the extract acts as both an insecticide and a plant improver. Additionally, the present invention relates to a method or process for obtaining the insecticide composition from aqueous extracts of organic and natural origin, the process being based on how the concentrated aqueous extract is obtained from the fruits of the chilli pepper of the capsicum family and from the nettle of the urtica family, and being characterised in that it allows greater efficiency when obtaining the main active substances from said plant species.

Description

NATURAL ORGANIC INSECTICIDE CONSTITUTED BY EXTRACTS OF PICANTE AJÍ AND ORTIGA PLANT. AND PROCESS FOR OBTAINING THE

SAME TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a natural organic insecticide composition that is constituted by aqueous extracts obtained from the fruits of hot pepper (capsicum annuum) and the nettle plant (urtica dioca), where the composition in question is obtained from From an artisanal extraction of the active substances from the aforementioned vegetables and mixed. Thus, the product obtained acts on insects that usually attack tropical crops such as ants, worms, among others, repel them permanently and effectively, while being a natural organic product has beneficial properties for better plant growth where it applies Accordingly, one of the most important characteristics of the present invention is that it is a totally natural product, without synthetic chemicals in its composition, based on the principles of Green Chemistry, which allows the crops to not affect crops. around this application, while being organic and natural, it serves both as an insecticide and as a plant improver.

Additionally, the present invention relates to a method or process for obtaining the insecticidal composition from aqueous extracts of completely natural and organic origin, as defined above, wherein the The process is based on the treatment of the extract of the fruits of the spicy pepper plant of the capsicum family and the nettle of the urtica family, where the process is characterized in that it allows to obtain greater efficacy. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In the field of agriculture it is necessary to constantly carry out controls on pests or pests that may affect crops, specifically insect control, for which the application of insecticides or similar products that allow the population of insects or pests in the case that you want to perform preventively, or to eliminate insects in the case you want to solve an existing problem.

However, currently, the insecticides available in the market are chemical mixtures of synthetic origin that, although they fulfill their function of eliminating or controlling insects or pests, have a recognized chemical toxicity and present a negative environmental impact, since although they are applied on a specific region or plant, its effect is achieved by sprinkling the surrounding crops or plants and therefore, both the plants and the soil and the product of these crops are affected, in the case of fruit or vegetable trees.

Likewise, there are currently other alternatives to the control of insects and pests in crops, where many of these are insecticidal compositions made entirely synthetically, and others have mixtures of plant extracts along with substances synthetic chemicals, which in any case, cause negative environmental impacts and represent a risk to the health of those who handle them, if not done properly. Thus, in the state of the art there is a plurality of disclosures related to insecticidal compositions from extracts of natural components, within which is US 5937572 which describes a natural insecticide based on Capsicum and a method for use thereof, wherein the insecticidal composition contains a "killer" solution containing capsicum in a liquid or vapor form. Thus, the insecticidal composition has the advantages that it is not toxic and is safe and environmentally friendly since it does not use unsafe chemical compounds, while allowing it to be produced easily and economically due to the use of capsicum. However, the compositions described herein have the drawback that they are based solely on the use of an extract of the Capsicum family without mixing with another natural and organic component, while not specifying the insecticidal composition as such, including its proportions that allow the person skilled in the art to determine their suitability, but instead only the method of use and treatment to combat insects is mentioned, which is undesirable because of ambiguity.

On the other hand, is US 6069173 which discloses an insecticidal composition comprising a synthetic surfactant and capsaicin or other capsaicinoid that has synergistic effects against several insects, not only as an improved activity effect but more importantly as an effect that extends the activity. The insecticidal composition comprises an effective amount of at least one surfactant and a capsaicinoid derived from a Capsicum species, wherein the surfactant is a chemical compound selected from alkyl poly (ethyloxy) ethane phosphate esters, aryl alkyl phosphate esters poly (ethyloxy) ethanes, ethers of fatty alcohols and polyethylene glycol, sodium or potassium alkyl sulfosuccinate, sodium or potassium naphthalene sulfonates, etc. However, this priority has the disadvantage that the insecticidal composition is based solely on the use of capsicum extracts, without indicating that there are more natural organic compounds, but through the use of synthetic chemical compounds that are not suitable for controlling insects. time that have a plurality of undesirable side effects that affect both the plant where it is applied, and those that are around it and the soil.

However, another document of the state of the art related to this type of insecticides is found in application CN 104304343, which discloses an insecticide to treat insect pests in bamboo plants, wherein said insecticide comprises malathion, capsicum extract, deltamethrin , diesel oil and fosmet. Thus, malation and capsicum extract are considered as the main ingredients and are made to coincide with components such as deltamethrin and the like, in order to be able to efficiently and adequately remove both insects and eggs found in the plant. However, as with the aforementioned document, the insecticide defined in this above has the disadvantage that capsicum extract is combined or can be combined with other components that can be of synthetic chemical nature and not natural or organic, which It is unwanted and leads to a number of side effects.

On the other hand, the Chinese patent application CN 104365701 teaches a crop insecticide and a method for the preparation thereof, wherein the insecticide is prepared from gernium wilfordii, sinic ephedra, capsicumannuum, Swiss centaur root, rehmannia glutinosa, radiz euphorbiae, radix angelicae, humic acid, pericarpium citri reticulatae, radiz stemonae, lithospermum erythrorhizon, tripterygium wilforddi and water. This insecticidal composition has the advantages that it is low in toxins, has no waste, has high efficiency, has low cost, and is good and friendly to the environment since it is based on organic agriculture and can be widely applied without inconvenience.

Finally, there is the patent application US 2016106793 which describes a composition comprising at least a mixture of molecules obtained from Chrysanthellum indicum, and Cynara scolymus, and Vaccinium myrtillus, said mixture of molecules also comprises piperine. This composition is particularly useful as a nutritional product or health product to prevent or combat carbohydrate disorders or fatty metabolism in humans or animals. Thus, the composition can

also comprise one or more extracts from a series of materials obtained from plant extracts, among which are Capsicum Annuum and Urtica Dioca.

However, the composition defined in this above is intended for use in the intake of humans or animals, which indicates that it cannot be used as an insecticide to combat insects or pests in crops.

Taking into account this information defined in the previous paragraphs, the state of the art discloses a series of compositions that can be used as insecticides or pesticides, which comprise some type of component that comes from plant extracts, that is, organic and natural, but where most of the compositions found include some type of synthetic chemical component that can be toxic to plants, and in a single specific case only the use of plant and water extracts is mentioned, that is, all components are totally natural and organic, which allows a wide spread and application without problems in plants.

However, in the state of the art there is no disclosure that teaches a composition used specifically as an insecticide or pesticide, which comprises or is based only on the use of plant or vegetable extracts, specifically the fruits of hot pepper (capsicum annuum) and the dioca urtic plant, but on the contrary all mention the use of one of the capsicum family with a plurality of synthetic or natural chemical components other than nettle, which are unwanted in most cases because they present a plurality of effects negative side effects, which you always want to eliminate or minimize as much as possible.

Usually, it is known in the art that the use of hot pepper from the capsicum family allows insect repellant, taking into account the fact that it has properties that affect the insect and take it away due to its spicy nature, however, when used in High quantities may present the problem that, although it eliminates insects, requires specialized safety equipment for handling or handling. The same occurs with the nettle plant that has similar effects on the person who manipulates it.

In accordance with the above, it is clear and evident that in the state of the art there is a need to design and implement an insecticidal composition, which is of totally organic and natural origin, that is, that it can be obtained through a series of aqueous extracts or substances of natural origin without chemical additives, in order to protect and promote the proper growth of the plant, while not obtaining negative side effects related to surrounding or nearby plants affected by the application of chemical products, where it is necessary that said insecticidal composition be biodegradable in its entirety, where the elimination or expulsion of unwanted pests or insects is ensured.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to an insecticidal composition, which is characterized in that it is manufactured from completely natural and organic compounds, that is, without the use of synthetic chemical components, which makes it possible to obtain a product that has no adverse side effects on the soil, the surrounding plants and even on the people who handle said product, where the composition allows insects to be controlled and eliminated in crops, while being biodegradable allows to obtain a "fertilizer effect" with nutrients that help with the growth of fruits or vegetables.

Thus, the insecticidal composition of the present disclosure is based on the use of the aqueous extract of two different types of plant species, such as the fruit of the hot pepper (capsicum annuum) and the nettle plant (urtica dioca), where the second of the previous ones corresponds to a species considered as weed and therefore, it is of very easy access. Thus, in order to obtain the insecticidal composition, only the whole fruit is used from the hot pepper, while the whole plant is used from the nettle, thus obtaining an aqueous composition that is easy to apply, preferably by spraying. .

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The present invention is understood more clearly from the following figures where the components and results associated with this process are shown, as well as the novel elements with respect to the state of the art, where the figures are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is only given by the appended claims, wherein:

Figure 1 corresponds to a process flow diagram for obtaining an insecticidal composition according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to an insecticidal composition, which is totally organic and natural, wherein said insecticidal composition is mainly constituted by aqueous extracts of: · Fruits of the hot pepper plant of the capsicum annuum family; Y

• Nettle plant of the dioca urtica family.

Thus, the insecticidal composition of the present invention is obtained from an artisanal extraction of the active substances from the aforementioned vegetables, wherein said extracts are mixed together to obtain a product suitable for application in crops whose products are for human consumption.

In this way, the product obtained, that is to say the insecticidal composition obtained from the aqueous extracts of the fruits of the hot pepper and the nettle plant, acts on the insects that usually attack tropical crops, such as ants, worms, among others , repelling them permanently and effectively.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the insecticidal composition contains an amount of nettle (dioca urtica) corresponding by weight to 50% less than the amount of the fruits of the hot pepper (capsicum annuum), and preferably, the quantity of the two main components of the insecticidal composition, that is to say urtica dioca and capsicum annuum, correspond to 50% less in weight in relation to the amount of water.

Thus, in order to obtain the insecticidal composition, the component corresponding to the hot pepper (capsicum annuum) is obtained only from the complete fruits of said plant, while the nettle plant (urtica dioca) is used in its totality, that is to say that its leaves are used as well as stems and other parts of it, which allows to obtain a product with a greater quantity - as a final insecticide with less raw material.

Taking into account the information provided above, the insecticidal composition of the present invention, being a product of totally organic and natural origin, has beneficial properties for a better growth of the plants where it is applied, while fulfilling its function of insecticide and It is safe for manual application. One of the most important characteristics of the present invention is that it is a totally natural product, without synthetic chemicals in its composition, based on the principles of Green Chemistry, which allows to obtain a product that approximately one month after its application in the The crop loses its biocidal properties and biodegrades in its entirety, which indicates that it does not leave residues or residual effects that are present in products of synthetic origin, helping in this way also with the environment.

The present invention is also directed to a method or process for obtaining an insecticidal composition as defined above, that is, from natural and organic compounds such as capsicum annuum and urtica dioca, wherein the method or process comprises the following steps : to. Collect the fruits of the spicy chili pepper plant of the capsicum annuum family and the nettle plant of the dioca nail family;

b. Decontaminate the fruits of the chili pepper and the nettle plants collected with a product of natural origin that does not contain synthetic chemicals, such as water;

C. Weigh the fruits of the chili pepper and the nettle plants once they have been decontaminated, where said weighing can be carried out on any type of digital or analog element that allows obtaining a correct measurement, preferably in grams or decimals thereof; d. Crush or macerate, either manually or industrially, the fruits of chili and nettle plants that have been properly weighed and that are in the exact amounts;

and. Perform the aqueous extraction of the fruits of the chili pepper and the crushed or macerated nettle plants for an approximate time of 20 to 30 minutes; F. Ferment the aqueous extracts of the fruits of the chili pepper and the nettle plants by means of anaerobic fermentation, preferably in a sealed container, keeping the plant species inside the container, for an approximate time of 8 days, in the shade and at room temperature to avoid that the aqueous extracts are affected; Y g. Filter the fermented aqueous extracts in order to separate the solid part from the liquid, where the liquid part obtained is the one used as an insecticidal (concentrated) composition.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the process steps that involve some type of washing, decontaminated or similar, are carried out with the use of drinking water, which allows to obtain a final product with greater purity, since it does not contain any type components that can affect or change the properties of plant extracts that will be part of the insecticidal composition and that will be applied to crops.

It is important to keep in mind that the fermentation stage of the process of the present invention must be carried out under anaerobic conditions for an approximate time of 8 days. If this step is carried out in an aerobic condition, the extracts obtained are put to rot, since contact with the air allows the reproduction of microorganisms that completely damage the composition and therefore, is completely lost.

Preferably, the entire process of the present invention is carried out at an ambient temperature, that is to say that no special chambers or elements that increase or reduce the temperature where it is performed are required, which corresponds to an advantage, since It allows to obtain a reduction in energy consumption, allowing it to be fully accessible by a plurality of users of different types.

Based on the above information, Table 1 below contains the specifications on the amount of concentrated insecticide used, amount of water (as solvent), the respective concentration of the prepared solution and the biocidal action that was obtained in the crops where it was applied

Table 1. Specifications on quantity of concentrated product used, concentration of the solution that is applied and the biocidal action in the crops.

From the previous table, it can be concluded that the solution with a concentration of 25%, that is, with an amount of insecticide of 20 mL, was the most ideal because in addition to including the expected benefits of being an insecticide and some additional benefits such as having repellent and fertilizing action, it also has an advantage over the 33.33% solution, which is much more harmless for those who handle it when it is more diluted (25%).

Claims

1. An insecticidal composition of natural and organic origin, characterized in that it comprises:

• Aqueous extract of the fruits of the hot pepper from the capsicum annuum family; Y

• Aqueous extract of the nettle plant of the dioca urtica family.

2. The insecticidal composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the amount of the nettle plant (urtica dioca) corresponds by weight to 50% less than the amount of the fruits of the hot pepper (capsicum annuum), and the amount of urtica dioca and capsicum annuum correspond to 50% less by weight in relation to water.

3. The insecticidal composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the nettle (dioca urtica) corresponds to the entire plant.

4. A process for obtaining an insecticidal composition of natural and organic origin, characterized in that it comprises the steps of:

to. collect the fruit of the spicy chili plant of the capsicum annuum family and the nettle plant of the dioca urtica family;

b. decontaminate the fruits of the chili pepper and the nettle plants collected with a product of natural origin without synthetic chemicals;

C. weigh the fruits of chili pepper and decontaminated nettle plants, where such weighing is carried out on any type of digital or analog weighing element;

d. crush or macerate the fruits of chili pepper and nettle plants manually or industrially;

and. perform the aqueous extraction of the fruits of the chili pepper and the crushed or macerated nettle plants;

F. ferment the aqueous extracts of the fruits of the chili pepper and the nettle plants by means of anaerobic fermentation, in a sealed container, conserving the vegetal species inside the container; Y

g. filter the fermented aqueous extracts separating the solid part.

5. The process according to claim 4, characterized in that the aqueous extraction is carried out for a time of 20 to 30 minutes.

6. The process according to claim 4, characterized in that the fermentation is carried out under anaerobic conditions for a period of 8 days, in the shade.

7. The process according to claim 4, characterized in that it further comprises a step of diluting the filtrate of step g) in water.

8. The process according to any of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that it is carried out at room temperature.