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WO2018136337A2 - Prétraitement de diaphragmes utilisés dans des procédés électrochimiques - Google Patents

Prétraitement de diaphragmes utilisés dans des procédés électrochimiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018136337A2
WO2018136337A2 PCT/US2018/013654 US2018013654W WO2018136337A2 WO 2018136337 A2 WO2018136337 A2 WO 2018136337A2 US 2018013654 W US2018013654 W US 2018013654W WO 2018136337 A2 WO2018136337 A2 WO 2018136337A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
diaphragm
polymeric
wettability
wetting agent
ionic solution
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2018/013654
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2018136337A3 (fr
Inventor
Richard Clarke
James C. HAM
Original Assignee
Aqua Metals Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aqua Metals Inc. filed Critical Aqua Metals Inc.
Publication of WO2018136337A2 publication Critical patent/WO2018136337A2/fr
Publication of WO2018136337A3 publication Critical patent/WO2018136337A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
    • C25C7/04—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/411—Organic material
    • H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
    • H01M50/417—Polyolefins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B13/00—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
    • C25B13/02—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by shape or form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B13/00—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
    • C25B13/04—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
    • C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
    • C25D17/002—Cell separation, e.g. membranes, diaphragms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/44—Fibrous material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0289—Means for holding the electrolyte
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the field of the invention is treatment of diaphragms or membranes used in electrochemical processing.
  • porous pot One of the first diaphragm materials used in electrochemical processing was porous pot.
  • porous pots were used to contain the cathodes in the regeneration of chromic acid solutions.
  • compressed polyester felt could be used in electrochemical processing.
  • the advantage with using compressed polyester felt is that it did not crack or fracture as easily as porous pots.
  • Other materials with much finer pore structures were also explored. However, such materials were difficult to wet and as a consequence the cell voltage required to drive the reaction was too high.
  • a membrane or diaphragm that is used in an electrochemical process.
  • Moreno U.S. Pat. 4,224,130 discloses an electrolytic diaphragm cell used to produce chlorine and an alkali metal hydroxide from an aqueous alkali metal chloride solution.
  • the diaphragm is a polytetrafluoroethylene diaphragm that is pretreated using a saturated methyl alcohol solution to make the diaphragm electrolyte wettable.
  • Others have also contemplated treating a membrane or diaphragm to increase wettability, such as Hirozawa (U. S. Pat. 4,012,541), Moya (U.S. Pat. 6,179,132) and
  • McAloon (Canadian Pat. 1,065,276). These and all other extrinsic materials discussed herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. Where a definition or use of a term in an incorporated reference is inconsistent or contrary to the definition of that term provided herein, the definition of that term provided herein applies and the definition of that term in the reference does not apply.
  • inventive subject matter provides apparatus, systems, and methods in which a diaphragm for an electrochemical process (e.g. , electrowinning, electroplating,
  • electrochemical conversions, etc. can be treated to stabilize and maintain wettability regardless of whether the diaphragm becomes dry.
  • such treated diaphragms can be re-used in multiple electrochemical processes without the need to re-wet. It should be appreciated that treating a diaphragm to stabilize wettability reduces downtime needed for rewetting. Additionally, the treated diaphragms can be shipped and/or stored in a ready to use condition. Thus, treated diaphragms eliminate many limitations associated with diaphragms used in electrochemical processes.
  • One contemplated method of preparing a diaphragm for an electrochemical process comprises a step of applying a wetting agent to the diaphragm in an amount sufficient to increase wettability of the diaphragm.
  • the diaphragm is then typically placed in an aqueous electrolyte.
  • a current is applied to a cathode and anode disposed in the aqueous electrolyte in an amount sufficient to drive ions of the aqueous electrolyte into the diaphragm to thereby stabilize wettability of the diaphragm. It is contemplated that such pretreatment process is performed (i) prior to performing the electrochemical process and/or (ii) with parameters (e.g.
  • an amount of current used in the pretreatment process is less than an amount of current used during the electrochemical process.
  • Figure 1 is a top perspective view of a welded Clarcor ® 712 bag, polyethylene mesh, iridium coated expanded titanium anode with polyethylene piping.
  • Figure 2 is a top perspective view of the anode and mesh inserted in the bag of Fig. 1.
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of the bag, anode, and mesh of Fig. 1 after wetting with isopropyl alcohol.
  • Figure 4 is top perspective view of the bag, anode, and mesh of Fig. 1 submerged in methanesulfonic acid along with an aluminum cathode.
  • Figure 5 is a top perspective view of a wetting tank for conditioning.
  • Figure 6 is a close up view of anodes having bags that are installed for lead recovery.
  • Figure 7 is a top perspective view of a partially wetted anode with a bag.
  • diaphragms and membranes that were typically considered too hydrophobic can be conditioned to improve their wettability and retain the improved wettability. It should be appreciated that the improved wettability can be retained regardless of whether the conditioned diaphragm or membrane becomes dry.
  • the conditioned diaphragm or membrane can be (re)used in electrochemical processes without the need to re-wet prior to a subsequent usage.
  • the parameters to condition the diaphragm can be optimized for that specific purpose without interference from the parameters needed in the electrochemical process.
  • diaphragms made from polymeric materials often have an electrical resistance which is due in part to their hydrophobic nature.
  • a wetting agent When only a wetting agent is applied, it was found that the wetted diaphragm would revert to the same ionic resistance when allowed to dry.
  • the inventors discovered that applying a current in an ionic solution after wetting with a wetting agent drives ions of the ionic solution into the material matrix of the diaphragm while the wetting angle is low.
  • the wetness of the diaphragm remains stable for at least a couple of months.
  • electrochemical process comprises a step of applying a wetting agent to the diaphragm in an amount sufficient to increase wettability of the diaphragm.
  • the diaphragm is then placed in an aqueous electrolyte used in the electrochemical process.
  • a current is applied to a cathode and anode disposed in the aqueous electrolyte in an amount sufficient to drive ions of the aqueous electrolyte into the diaphragm to thereby stabilize wettability of the diaphragm.
  • the step of applying the current to the cathode and the anode is performed (i) prior to performing the electrochemical process with parameters (e.g.
  • current, voltage, electrolyte solution, cathode material, anode material, etc. substantially identical (i.e., +/- 10%) than those used in the electrochemical process, and/or (ii) with parameters (e.g. , current, voltage, electrolyte solution, cathode material, anode material, etc.) different than those used in the electrochemical process.
  • the diaphragm can comprise a microporous diaphragm or an ion exchange membrane suitable for an electrochemical process.
  • the diaphragm comprises at least one of polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the diaphragm comprises a polymeric material containing a group capable of exchanging selectively with either anions or cations (e.g. , sulphonic acid or carboxylic acid groups for cation exchange membranes, amine groups for anion exchange membranes, etc.).
  • Suitable diaphragms are typically hydrophobic and/or comprise a material thickness larger than that commonly used (e.g.
  • suitable diaphragm materials will include halogenated hydrocarbon-based polymers (e.g., fluorinated polyethylene polymers/fluorocarbon polymers such as PTFE, Teflon, Nafion, Flemion, Aciplex), and hydrocarbon-based polymers such as PET.
  • fluorinated polyethylene polymers/fluorocarbon polymers such as PTFE, Teflon, Nafion, Flemion, Aciplex
  • hydrocarbon-based polymers such as PET.
  • the diaphragm is suitable for functioning as a separator in an
  • the diaphragm can comprise a bag that it sized and dimensioned to receive at least a portion of an electrode (e.g. , Clarcor ® 712 or 809 material for an anode bag). It is contemplated that the diaphragm can comprise other commercially available materials, such as a GORE-TEX ® membrane, a Tyvek ® membrane, Clarcor ® membranes having a nonwoven polyethylene backing and expanded Teflon coating, and other Clarcor ® membranes having expanded Teflon with over woven polyethylene.
  • the diaphragm is first contacted with a wetting agent. It is contemplated that the diaphragm is at least partially immersed into a tank or other holding device comprising the wetting agent. However, in other embodiments, the wetting agent can be sprayed or dispersed onto the diaphragm by other means (e.g. , thermal/pressure treatment or treatment with a supercritical wetting agent, etc.). It is contemplated that at least a portion of the wetting agent is driven into the material matrix of the diaphragm.
  • a diaphragm can be wet by immersion into a tank comprising a wetting agent of isopropyl alcohol for five minutes.
  • the diaphragm can be wet by the wetting agent by continuous contact for one second, between 10 and 30 seconds, 30 seconds to 1 minute, 1 minute to 10 minutes, 10 minutes to one hour, and so forth.
  • Preferred wetting agents comprise at least one of isopropyl alcohol and methyl alcohol. It is contemplated that suitable wetting agents are miscible with the (typically aqueous) electrolyte. Preferably, the wetting agent is miscible in all proportions with the aqueous electrolyte. However, it is contemplated that the wetting agent can be miscible with the aqueous electrolyte in proportions of 1 : 1, 10: 1, 100: 1, 1000: 1 between the wetting agent and the aqueous electrolyte and vice versa. [0025] It should be appreciated that suitable wetting agents could be replaced with ions of the aqueous electrolyte.
  • ions of the aqueous electrolyte are driven into the diaphragm by use of a current to thereby replace the wetting agents in the material matrix of the diaphragm. Once replaced, it is contemplated that the wetting agents can be destroyed or removed from the aqueous electrolyte.
  • the diaphragm is contacted with the aqueous electrolyte after being contacted with the wetting agent. It is contemplated that the diaphragm is at least partially immersed into a tank or holding device comprising the wetting agent, and subsequently immersed into a tank or holding device comprising the (typically aqueous) electrolyte.
  • the diaphragm is immersed into the tank or holding device comprising the electrolyte before the diaphragm contacted with the wetting agent becomes dry. This allows the increased wettability due to the wetting agent to assist in driving ions of the aqueous electrolyte when a current is applied.
  • the parameters related to the conditioning of the diaphragm in the aqueous electrolyte depend on various factors, including the diaphragm material and thickness, the wettability of the diaphragm, and the aqueous electrolyte.
  • a wet diaphragm can be conditioned in a tank comprising an aqueous electrolyte of
  • methanesulfonic acid with a current of 150 amps for 5 minutes.
  • Other parameters e.g. , time, current, etc. are applicable for conditioning the diaphragm for an electrochemical process and can be readily determined without undue experimentation.
  • the aqueous electrolyte can comprise methanesulfonic acid.
  • the wetting agent comprises at least one of isopropyl alcohol and methyl alcohol. It should be noted that such wetting agents can be oxidized to carbon dioxide and water, and are miscible in all proportions with methanesulfonic acid. It is contemplated that the aqueous electrolyte used in the conditioning of the diaphragm can be different from the electrolyte used in the subsequent electrochemical process.
  • Suitable electrolytes can include inorganic compounds, and may therefore include (aqueous) solutions of various acids, bases, or salts thereof (e.g., mineral or organic acids or salts, etc.) and/or organic solvents (e.g., various organic protic or aprotic solvents), which may be hydrophilic or hydrophobic with respect to water.
  • various acids, bases, or salts thereof e.g., mineral or organic acids or salts, etc.
  • organic solvents e.g., various organic protic or aprotic solvents
  • contemplated solvents include N,N- dimethylformamide (DMF), acetonitrile (MeCN), and dichloromethane (CH2CI2), acetone, butyronitrile, benzonitrile, N-methyl-pyrrolidone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, 1,2-dimethoxy ethane, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, propylene carbonate, trifluoro-toluene.
  • suitable electrochemical solvents will include various nitriles, halogenated organics, amides, solfoxides, sulfones, carbonates, lactones, and ethers.
  • salts suitable for electrolytes herein include tetraetheyl ammonium salts, tetrabutyl ammonium salts, tetraphenylphospohonium salts, l-methyl-3-ethyl imidazolium salts, perchlorate salts, tetrafluoroborate salts, hexafluorophosphate salts, tetraphenylborate salts, trifluoromethane sulfonate salts, and bis-oxalato-borate salts.
  • the parameters to condition the diaphragm can be optimized for that specific purpose without interference from the parameters needed in the electrochemical process.
  • the step of applying a current to the cathode and the anode to drive ions of the electrolyte into the diaphragm can be performed (i) prior to performing the electrochemical process, and/or (ii) with parameters (e.g. , current, voltage, electrolyte solution, cathode material, anode material, etc.) different than those used in the electrochemical process.
  • the diaphragm is stabilized to permanently retain wettability.
  • the diaphragm remains stabilized even after it becomes dry.
  • the diaphragm is stabilized to retain wettability for a period of at least one year or at least six months regardless of whether the diaphragm becomes dry.
  • the diaphragm can retain wettability for a first electrochemical process and a second electrochemical process without the need to re-wet.
  • a method of increasing wettability of a polymeric diaphragm comprises steps of contacting the polymeric diaphragm with a wetting agent, and contacting the polymeric diaphragm with an ionic solution.
  • a current is applied when the polymeric diaphragm is in contact with the ionic solution to thereby drive ions of the ionic solution into the polymeric diaphragm.
  • the current can be applied without substantially performing an electrochemical reaction.
  • "without substantially performing an electrochemical reaction” is defined to mean that no electrochemically-driven reactions (e.g.
  • the polymeric diaphragm can comprise a microporous diaphragm or an ionic exchange membrane as discussed above.
  • the polymeric diaphragm can comprise at least one of polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the polymeric diaphragm is hydrophobic and creates electrical resistance in an electrochemical process prior to conditioning.
  • the wetting agent comprises at least one of isopropyl alcohol and methyl alcohol.
  • Other suitable wetting agents are contemplated that can be replaced by the ionic solution when a current is applied to thereby stabilize wettability of the diaphragm.
  • the ionic solution can comprise methanesulfonic acid.
  • the wetting agent is miscible with the ionic solution in all proportions.
  • An anode and a cathode can be disposed in the ionic solution for conditioning.
  • the ions of the ionic solution are driven into the polymeric diaphragm in an amount sufficient to stabilize wettability of the polymeric diaphragm for a period of at least three months regardless of whether the diaphragm becomes dry.
  • a pretreated diaphragm for an electrode comprises a polymeric material having a matrix structure.
  • the polymeric material can comprise at least one of polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • ions of an electrolyte are disposed within the matrix structure. It is preferred that the ions of the electrolyte disposed within the matrix are sufficient to thereby provide stabilized wettability of the pretreated diaphragm.
  • conditioning of a diaphragm or membrane can be applied in many different fields, including batteries, fuel cell, hydrogen generation, electrochemical synthesis, electrowinning, metal finishing and electrochemical machining.
  • the diaphragm or membrane can be conditioned as a full electrode assembly (e.g. , a diaphragm bag disposed over an anode) or in bulk format in any desirable configuration (e.g., as a continuous sheet of material).
  • Figure 1 illustrates various components of an anode assembly 100, including a bag 102, polymeric matrix 104 and an anode 106.
  • the bag 102 is induction welded, although any commercially suitable methods for forming the bag could be used.
  • the bag 102 comprises a CLARCORTM 712 bag, although other varieties could be used without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the polymeric matrix 104 preferably comprises a polymeric material such as polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polytetrafluoroethylene. It is contemplated that the anode 106 could comprise an iridium coated expanded Titanium anode, although the anode could be formed from any commercially suitable material(s) or combinations thereof.
  • the anode assembly 100 was drained and then placed into a tank 120 containing an electrolyte based on aqueous methanesulfonic acid (see Figure 4).
  • An aluminum cathode 122 was used within the tank 120 containing the electrolyte based on aqueous methanesulfonic acid as shown in Fig. 4.
  • current was applied at 8 amps current, which is equivalent to 800 amps per square meter.
  • a control bag was compared whereby no current passed due to the poor wetting angle.
  • FIG. 5 An example of a full scale wetting tanks 210 and 220 is shown in Figure 5.
  • An isopropyl alcohol tank 210 is located on the left and a tank 220 containing the electrolyte based on aqueous methanesulfonic acid is located on the right.
  • An aluminum cathode can be disposed in the tank containing the electrolyte based on aqueous methanesulfonic acid.
  • methanesulfonic acid with a current of 150 amps.
  • shelf life experiments were also conducted to determine the lifespan of the conditioned anode assemblies.
  • conditioned bag material was left placed on anodes and on a shelf to drip dry at a vertical angle. The bag material was tested after 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. After each test, the bag material continued to pass current at the same rate.
  • Figure 7 shows a partially wetted full scale anode 400 with a diaphragm bag 410 from an early test.
  • the anode assembly of Fig. 5 retained its ability to pass current even though the bag was conditioned almost a month earlier.
  • conditioned diaphragm bags retain their wettability even when they become dry.
  • each embodiment represents a single combination of inventive elements
  • inventive subject matter is considered to include all possible combinations of the disclosed elements.
  • inventive subj ect matter is also considered to include other remaining combinations of A, B, C, or D, even if not explicitly disclosed.
  • the meaning of "a,” “an,” and “the” includes plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
  • the meaning of "in” includes “in” and “on” unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des dispositifs et des procédés pour diaphragmes d'électrodes dans lesquels un diaphragme polymère hydrophobe est prétraité avec des ions présents dans un électrolyte dans des conditions qui sont efficaces pour augmenter la mouillabilité du diaphragme. Il est envisagé que le diaphragme puisse d'abord être exposé à un agent mouillant puis placé dans un électrolyte aqueux utilisé dans un procédé électrochimique. Le courant peut être appliqué en une quantité suffisante pour entraîner des ions de la solution ionique dans le diaphragme polymère.
PCT/US2018/013654 2017-01-18 2018-01-12 Prétraitement de diaphragmes utilisés dans des procédés électrochimiques WO2018136337A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201762447602P 2017-01-18 2017-01-18
US62/447,602 2017-01-18

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WO2018136337A2 true WO2018136337A2 (fr) 2018-07-26
WO2018136337A3 WO2018136337A3 (fr) 2018-08-30

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113272476A (zh) * 2019-01-21 2021-08-17 迪诺拉永久电极股份有限公司 室框元件、电解槽及电渗析槽

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3930886A (en) * 1971-11-11 1976-01-06 Leesona Corporation Porous fluoro-carbon polymer matrices
US5679235A (en) * 1992-03-05 1997-10-21 Hydro-Quebec Titanium and cerium containing acidic electrolyte
US20050208372A1 (en) * 2004-03-18 2005-09-22 Celgard Inc. Separator for a battery having a zinc electrode
CN101786302B (zh) * 2009-11-13 2012-05-23 山东东岳高分子材料有限公司 一种氯碱工业用复合离子交换膜的简易剥离方法
DE102012000910A1 (de) * 2012-01-19 2013-07-25 Sihl Gmbh Separator umfassend eine poröse Schicht und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113272476A (zh) * 2019-01-21 2021-08-17 迪诺拉永久电极股份有限公司 室框元件、电解槽及电渗析槽
US11365484B2 (en) 2019-01-21 2022-06-21 De Nora Permelec Ltd. Chamber frame element, electrolyzer, and electrodialysis cell

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